TY - JOUR T1 - Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Katri Valkokari KW - business ecosystem KW - communities KW - conceptual paper KW - ecosystem KW - innovation ecosystem KW - knowledge ecosystem KW - logic of action KW - man-made ecosystem KW - platforms AB - In management studies, the ecosystem metaphor is often utilized without clear definition and, thereby, several partially overlapping concepts such as industrial, business, service, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems have been introduced. The purpose of this conceptual article is to go beyond the confusion to define what is meant by different concepts regarding an ecosystem and especially describe the relationships between the three different ecosystem types: business, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems. The article contributes to the literature by describing how the ecosystem types differ in terms of their outcomes, interactions, logic of action, and actor roles. The results show that the three ecosystem types are interconnected from the viewpoint of the ecosystem actor. For practitioners, the article sheds more light on how the rules of the game (i.e., the logic of action) differ in the different types of ecosystems and demonstrates that different models are needed in order to operate in different ecosystems. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/919 IS - 8 U1 - VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari works as a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business Ecosystems, Value Chains and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. ER -