TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives from Higher Education: Applied Sciences University Teachers on the Digitalization of the Bioeconomy JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2021 A1 - Essi Ryymin KW - Applied Sciences Universities KW - Bioeconomy KW - Digital disruption KW - Higher Education Teachers KW - Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) AB - The bioeconomy is being disrupted due to global trends of digitalization and automation. Knowledge-intensive businesses and sustainable solutions in carbon-smart food production have resulted in various consequences for the professionals working in and for bioeconomy. This paper examines bioeconomy teachers' perceptions of digitalization. It draws on research data from semi-structured focus-group interviews that were conducted with bioeconomy teachers in applied sciences higher education. The theoretical frame for the analysis was Mishra and Koehler's (2006) teacher knowledge framework for technology integration called Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The results suggest that although applied sciences university teachers have strong Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), they need more systematic approach and support to develop Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) in a disruptive field. Teaching in a rapidly transforming discipline, like bioeconomy, requires continuous co-development of all TPACK knowledge components by teachers. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 11 UR - timreview.ca/article/1420 IS - 2 U1 - Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr. Essi Ryymin holds a PhD in Educational Sciences from the University of Tampere (TUNI, 2008). She had held several educational specialist, project manager, and R&D manager positions in the public and private sector in competence development and the digitalization of education. She currently acts as a Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences, and leads the Future Work Research & Development Team with a focus and interest on exploring transformative work, future skills of professionals, and continuous learning. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Practitioner’s View on Distributed Storage Systems: Overview, Challenges and Potential Solutions JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2021 A1 - Michel Legault AB - This paper provides an overview on how content can be managed with a blockchain or other distributed ledger technology (DLT), and what challenges need to be addressed in managing this content as part of transactions. Transactions on a blockchain may require supporting documents, for example, photos, reference documents, or actual contracts. As DLTs becoming an increasingly popular method to complete transactions and share information, several issues are arising that need to be addressed, such as: Where should this electronic content in documents be stored? Will the storage system have the features and functionality to properly manage this content through the "information lifecycle", including the retention and disposition of business records based on legal and regulatory requirements? The paper presents an overview of the emerging technology involved with distributed storage systems. It presents five solutions currently available, including their designs, how they secure and store files, and whether or not these files can be deleted in order to meet record disposition requirements and regulations. The discussion points out the need for alignment between multiple stakeholders and consortium members in a distributed ledger-based community with shared ecosystem scaling objectives. The challenges of scaling include the need to protect personal and sensitive information, especially when this information should normally be disposed after a record's retention period has ended. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 11 UR - timreview.ca/article/1448 IS - 6 U1 - Telus Canada Michel Legault has over 17 years of information technology and information management experience with expertise in knowledge, content and records management. Michel’s particular expertise is with strategy, governance, processes and solutions, and project management. Michel has additional expertise with information architecture. Michel is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP), an OpenText Content Server Business Consultant, and an AIIM Enterprise Records Management (ERM) Specialist. Michel has also completed an introductory certificate in blockchain / cryptocurrencies from the University of Nicosia. Michel has a wide range of experience in different industries, including the Public and Non-Profit Sectors, Transportation, Energy and Resources, the Life Sciences, Financial Services and Consumer Products. Michel was a co-author for the Deloitte paper "The digital workplace: Think, share, do – Transform your employee experience" (2011). He has delivered presentations on the following: "Information Governance in The Age of Blockchain" (ARMA NCR Conference, November 2018), "Ying and Yang: Governance for Structured and Unstructured Content" (ARMA Canada Conference, May 2017), and "Functional Classification and Records Management) in the Ontario Public Service (IMAPS Symposium, May 2012). ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is Porter's Five Forces Framework Still Relevant? A study of the capital/labour intensity continuum via mining and IT industries JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2020 A1 - Diane Isabelle A1 - Kevin Horak A1 - Sarah McKinnon A1 - Chiara Palumbo KW - internationalization KW - IT industry KW - mining industry KW - Porter's Five Forces framework KW - regulation AB - Porter's Five Forces (P5F) framework, published in 1979, helps us to understand the attractiveness of an industry. The five competitive forces are: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products of services, and the rivalry among existing competitors. This framework has recently come under scrutiny and been called into question. To contribute to the debate, this paper investigates the relevance of Porter's framework by contrasting vastly different industries. The use cases consist of a resource-based, capital-intensive industry, the mining industry, and a knowledge-based, labor-intensive industry, the information technology industry. Drawing from research on Porter's Five Forces framework, and through an internationalization lens, the paper proposes a modified framework augmented with four additional forces. These additional forces are: the competitor's level of innovativeness, exposure to globalization, threat of digitalization, and industry exposure to de/regulation activities. These forces were added to capture the increased interconnectivity and complexity of businesses operating in the 21st century. The paper contributes to this body of knowledge by augmenting a popular framework and applying it to vital industrial sectors. The findings aim to incite researchers, managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers to go beyond the traditional five forces as a way to help monitor their business environment and enhance decision-making processes, particularly in a post-COVID-19 world. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 10 UR - timreview.ca/article/1366 IS - 6 U1 - Carleton University Dr. Isabelle is an Associate Professor of International Business. Her research focuses broadly on the areas of science, innovation and techno-entrepreneurship within a global context. Specifically, her research is organized around the following three inter-related themes: 1) International entrepreneurship & ecosystems, 2) Internationalization (International New Ventures and SMEs), 3) Global collaborative research and Science, Technology and Innovation policy. In addition to these themes, she is researching and publishing on Technology-integrated and international interdisciplinary experiential learning in higher education. Prior to joining Sprott in 2011, Dr. Isabelle worked in several senior executive roles related to science, technology and industrial research (Industrial Research Assistance Program - IRAP) at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Government of Canada’s premier research and technology organization. She started her career as a project engineer for several multinational firms, including General Electric, Esso and Boeing Aerospace. U2 - Carleton University Graduate Kevin Horak, B. International Business, Carleton University, is a supply chain planner at Martin-Brower of Canada Co. Fluent in Spanish, he spent a year abroad studying commerce and economics at the Universidad de Chile (Santiago). U3 - Carleton University Graduate Sarah McKinnon, B. International Business, Carleton University, is an Associate with Tailwind Associates, a Calgary-based firm dedicated to launching innovative entrepreneurs. She is inspired by the work ethic and tenacity of the entrepreneurial spirit and supports preparing small businesses for growth and investment. Previously, she worked at Sampford Advisors, a firm facilitating mergers and acquisitions for mid-market Canadian technology companies. U4 - Carleton University Graduate Chiara Palumbo is currently pursuing a Master of Science in Finance degree from Bocconi University, while working as Real Estate Investment Analyst for Italian company Generali Real Estate. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Finance) degree from Carleton University. Her past work experience includes investment banking at Lazard & Co. in Debt Capital Markets and equity research for the Sprott Student Investment Fund. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Portfolio Management in the Front-End of Innovation of Research Centers: a Literature Review JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2020 A1 - Rui Nuno Castro A1 - João José Pinto Ferreira KW - front-end KW - ideation KW - innovation KW - not-for-profit KW - Project Portfolio Management KW - research center AB - The beginning of an innovation process, also known as “front-end of innovation” (FEI), counts as an essential contributor to the successful development of new products and for their market appeal. Nevertheless, while helpful procedures and techniques for developing new products are well-known and widely applied, FEI is still an understudied area, and models for managing it are not yet commonly used in technology-oriented companies. FEI, also known as "fuzzy front end", can even be "fuzzier" in not-for-profit research centers. That is because the focus of these centers is advancing of scientific knowledge, rather than commercializing the results of those activities. This study summarizes the insights from a literature review on the topic of “project portfolio management” (PPM) in relation to innovation and, more specifically, with FEI and its components of ideation, innovation management, innovation strategy, foresight, and incremental or radical innovation. The authors selected and reviewed content from 170 papers published in SCOPUS prior to February 2019. The discussion uses a theoretical framework called "Front-End of Innovation Integrative Ontology (FEI2O)" to assist in framing the discussion. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 10 UR - timreview.ca/article/1409 IS - 12 U1 - Fraunhofer Portugal Rui Nuno Castro holds a degree in Electrical and Computers Engineering from the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) since 1996, and a M.Sc. in Digital Communication Systems and Technology from Chalmers University of Technology, in Sweden, in 1999. In 1998-1999 he was a researcher at Ericsson Radio Systems AB in Sweden, where he developed his Master Thesis named “Dynamic Resource Management for Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks”. Between 2000 and 2004, as a researcher at INESC Porto, he actively participated in several projects in the IST framework. Between 2005 and 2010, he was co-founder and Chief Operations Officer at Nonius Software, a Portuguese SME. In 2010, he joined Fraunhofer Portugal as a researcher. He is, since October 2011, R&D Group Leader at Fraunhofer Portugal. His current research interests are in the field of Innovation and Technology Management. U2 - University of Porto João José Pinto Ferreira holds a Licenciatura in Electrical Engineering and Computers at Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) in 1987; MSc Electrical Engineering and Computers at FEUP in 1991; Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computers at FEUP in 1995; Habilitation in Industrial Engineering and Management in April 2011. He has held several positions at the FEUP: 1987-1995: Assistant Lecturer; 1995-2003: Assistant Professor; 2003-today: Associate Professor. At FEUP (1997-2000) also he was Member of the Executive Board of the Electrical Engineering Department and is, since 2004, the Director of the Master Program of Innovation and Technological Entrepreneurship. Has supervised MSc and Ph.D. students in the areas of Electrical Engineering and Computers, Informatics Engineering and Industrial Engineering and Management. He is Co-Editor-in-Chief and co-founder of the Journal of Innovation Management (http://open-jim.org). His research focuses on the Front-End of Innovation and on its synergies with the early stages of the entrepreneurial activity. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Frugal Innovation in Healthcare JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2018 A1 - Hareem Arshad A1 - Marija Radić A1 - Dubravko Radić KW - developing economies KW - emerging economies KW - frugal innovation KW - global health KW - healthcare AB - Frugal innovations have the potential to offer simple and cost-effective solutions to the healthcare challenges of the world. However, despite the potential for frugal innovations in healthcare, this context has been rarely studied. The objective of this article is to shed some light on patterns of frugal innovations in healthcare and thereby contribute to the literature. With this aim, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and searched for innovations that were labelled as frugal and were related to healthcare. This led us to a sample of 50 frugal innovations in the healthcare sector. For each of the 50 selected examples, we examined various characteristics of the innovation, such as the country of origin, first launch market, type of innovator, type of innovation, type of care, and geographic diffusion. Our findings show that most of the frugal innovations originated in the United States, followed by India. The most frequent first launch market was India. In terms of types of innovators, academia seemed to be the strongest driver. Most frugal innovations are product innovations in the fields of neonatology and general practice. In this article, we expand on these findings and examine the relationships between individual variables to reveal further insights. Finally, we offer conclusions, an outlook for frugal innovation in the healthcare sector, and future research questions. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 8 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1150 IS - 4 U1 - Leipzig University Hareem Arshad is a PhD student at Leipzig University in Germany. She graduated in 2013 with a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Air University in Pakistan. She gained her first professional experience as a guest lecturer at Air University and has been affiliated with the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig since 2016. Her research focuses on the areas of service innovation, diffusion of innovation, and frugal innovation in healthcare. U2 - Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy Marija Radić heads the Price and Service Management Group at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig, Germany, and is Deputy Head of the Department for Corporate Development in International Markets. She studied International Economics at the Universities of Tübingen in Germany and Chicago in the United States, and she earned her doctorate at the University of Dortmund in Germany. Prior to joining Fraunhofer IMW, Marija worked as a senior consultant at a renowned international management consultancy in Germany and the United States. As part of this activity, she advised customers from the fields of industry and technology, life sciences, and financial services on pricing, marketing, sales, and strategic issues on a national and international level. In her current role, her research focuses on marketing and strategy aspects of healthcare innovation. U3 - Leipzig University Dubravko Radić holds the Chair of Service Management at Leipzig University, Germany, and is Deputy Head of Price and Service Management at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW. He completed his doctorate at the Department of Statistics and Econometrics at the University of Frankfurt, Germany. For his dissertation on innovation activities of German companies, he was awarded the Gerhard Fuerst Prize of the Federal Statistical Office. After researching at the Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Davis, and Harvard Business School, he completed his habilitation in 2009 on the topic of pricing policy in services at the Bergische Universität Wuppertal (Germany). His research interests include application of empirical methods to business issues, service management issues, and service pricing. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Practice Method for Studying Creative Communities JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2018 A1 - Pekka Buttler KW - communities KW - creativity KW - innovation KW - practice KW - research method KW - teamwork AB - Explaining innovation – even merely spotting it actually happening – is difficult. In this article, I introduce an industry-friendly approach that will enable practitioners and researchers alike to observe, interpret, and understand the different types of creativities – the raw materials necessary for innovation – that happen in creative communities. The Practice Method for Studying Creative Communities (PMSCC) is based on theories developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi. However, unlike mainstream practice-oriented methods, the PMSCC does not necessitate the use of theory-heavy conceptualizations; instead, it focuses on the everyday, creative micro-interactions in communities. As I describe in this article, the PMSCC offers practitioners and researchers an effective way to gain new insights into an otherwise relatively opaque process. Besides outlining the method, I also present results from a research project utilizing the PMSCC, showing how the method can produce worthwhile findings, foster new insights, and help practitioners hone their creative processes. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 8 UR - https://timreview.ca/article/1197 IS - 11 U1 - Hanken School of Economics Pekka Buttler, M.Sc. (Econ), is a doctoral student at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he is researching conceptual design in IT projects. His other academic interests range from leading knowledge work to software business management. Besides research, Pekka involves himself in teaching and consulting by utilizing his more than 15 years of experience within the IT industry. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prime Mover Matrix: A Conversation Piece for Building Strategic Innovative Capacity JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2018 A1 - Magnus Hoppe KW - analytical models KW - business innovative capacity KW - conversation pieces KW - industrial standards KW - innovation strategy KW - Prime Mover Matrix KW - technical innovative capacity AB - The article introduces the Prime Mover Matrix as a conversation piece that will help management build strategic innovation capacity and gain desired influence on industrial standards and thus power. After all, just because a company calls itself innovative and invests in R&D does not mean it is actually innovative. To be strategically innovative means that a company deliberately builds its technical innovative capacity and business innovative capacity in relation to the influence of other actors’ actions and innovations. By doing this, a company will be able to increase its influence on industrial standards and gain the necessary power to reach its objectives. It is a relative position towards a moving target, which is why companies must continuously change through learning. This means that management needs help to reflect on how their own company’s innovative capacity compares to their competitors, and they must unceasingly steer their capacity towards the desired innovation position. Today, we lack intuitive and usable tools that will facilitate strategic conversations on how to best invest for desired innovation capacity. In order to fill this void, this article proposes the Prime Mover Matrix: a model that functions as a conversation piece for triggering an assessment of an industry’s technical, business, and prime movers. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 8 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1167 IS - 7 U1 - Mälardalen University Magnus Hoppe is an Associate Professor at the School of Economics, Society and Engineering at Mälardalen University, Sweden. At the university, he is member of the Faculty Board and leads processes for collaborative research in sustainable development. Magnus holds a PhD in Business Administration from Åbo Akademi University in Finland, where he presented his thesis on organized intelligence work in modern organizations. His current research concerns both private and public organizations and spans intelligence, entrepreneurship, and innovation. A special research interest lies in questioning dominating perspectives that bind our understanding of specific topics, and he now works to establish new ways of talking and thinking about innovation. His aim is to help organizations build new insights that will enhance their ideation processes and strategy building and, thereby, improve their innovative capabilities. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Platforms for Innovation and Internationalization JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2017 A1 - Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen A1 - Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen KW - globalization KW - innovation KW - internationalization KW - lean and global startups KW - lean startup KW - platform AB - The high-tech global startup has many challenges related to both innovation and internationalization. From a Danish cluster of Welfare Tech firms, eight innovative and international firms were selected and interviewed. Such firms typically have to be agile and operate in virtual networks in almost all parts of their value chains. This article contributes to the understanding of how innovation and internationalization to a great extent are interlinked. The firms have developed a core product or service offering, which the firms often describe as “a platform”. Around the platform, they develop their products and services for new customers and users in new countries. The firms have to sustain a strong focus on the platform while at the same time developing their platform solution for new products, new customers, and new markets. This pivoting makes it possible to use the platform in a new context but is highly demanding for the firms. They need to be extremely agile and fast-moving but at the same time still to have a focus on the core of the firm: the platform. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 7 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1074 IS - 5 U1 - University of Southern Denmark Erik S. Rasmussen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He received his PhD in 2001 from the University of Southern Denmark, focusing on fast-internationalizing small and medium-sized firms. His research focuses especially on international entrepreneurship and born-global firms. In recent years, he has particularly focused on studying international entrepreneurs that can avoid domestic path dependence by establishing ventures that, from the beginning, develop routines for a multi-cultural workforce, coordinate resources across nations, and target customers in several geographic places simultaneously. Furthermore, he has published a number of articles about lean and global startups combining the lean startup and born-global theories. U2 - University of Southern Denmark Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen is a PhD student in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. A particular focus of the project is on innovation and internationalization processes anchored in the structure of relationships among SMEs. The network perspective is concentrated on a Danish publicly funded welfare/health technology cluster. Central aspects of the work include how and why embedded opportunities and constraints evolve and are made sense of through the network for economic action. Nicolaj’s work experience was gained from practice through innovation consultancy in the venture capitalist industry. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting Entrepreneurial Commitment: The Benefits of Interdisciplinarity JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2017 A1 - Franziska Brodack A1 - Anna Sinell KW - academic spin-offs KW - entrepreneurial commitment KW - interdisciplinarity KW - team composition KW - teamwork KW - technology transfer AB - This article is the first to examine the relationship between interdisciplinarity and entrepreneurial commitment in academic spin-offs. Building on literature on interdisciplinarity, academic entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial intention, we analyzed the development of nine interdisciplinary spin-off teams comprising expertise from science, industry, and design. Our findings suggest that interdisciplinary teams engage with their ideas, maintain productive interaction, and successfully implement these ideas. Subjects in this study thoroughly developed their project proposals and implementation strategies by examining them from multiple angles. They believed not only in the value of these projects, but in their own ability to see them through. They found one another’s contributions highly inspirational and experienced a strong sense of responsibility and motivation. Communication within the teams was well managed, and tasks were clearly defined and distributed. Based on our findings, we put forward a number of propositions about the positive effects of interdisciplinarity on entrepreneurial commitment and conclude with implications for future research and practice. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 7 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1123 IS - 12 U1 - Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation Franziska Brodack is Research Fellow at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation in Berlin, Germany. Her current projects focus on academic spin-off creation and the utilization of inter- and transdisciplinary teams for technology and knowledge transfer. Franziska holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Brandenburg University of Technology in Germany. U2 - Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation Anna Sinell is a PhD Candidate at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, and a Research Fellow at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation. Her research focus is the transfer of knowledge and technology between different actors in innovation ecosystems. She is currently finishing her PhD thesis on strategies to foster academic entrepreneurship at research institutions. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Pattern-Based Approach to the Development of Frugal Innovations JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Anne-Christin Lehner A1 - Jürgen Gausemeier KW - business model KW - developing markets KW - emerging markets KW - frugal innovations KW - market service KW - pattern catalogue KW - pattern system KW - solution patterns AB - The economic rise of emerging markets induces a rapid growth of the global middle class. This new mass market demands products and services adapted to the needs of the local population – so called "frugal innovations". Engineers often face similar challenges while developing products and services for these markets, and therefore may develop similar solutions. By the abstraction of these solutions to transferrable solution patterns, the efficiency of the development process could be increased. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to develop a pattern system for frugal innovations. Based on 29 selected frugal innovations, we derived the problems that led to the development of the analyzed frugal innovations. By categorizing these problems, we deduced six problem categories: education, environment, culture, infrastructure, regulation, and finance. We stripped down the solutions to these problems to their core principles, and in our subsequent analysis, we identified 56 solution patterns. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between the abstracted solution patterns, problem areas, and frugal innovations. By using a pattern-based approach, the efficiency of the product development process could be improved significantly. As well, patterns may generate new impetus and increase creativity. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/971 IS - 3 U1 - University of Paderborn Anne-Christin Lehner (Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing.) is a Research Associate at the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering Workgroup at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Paderborn, Germany. She studied industrial engineering with a major in Electrical Engineering at the University of Paderborn and at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa in Canada. Her major research areas are strategic planning and innovation management. Some of her project topics were the development of business models for telemedical assistant systems and the development and implementation of segment strategies for a huge manufacturing company. She is currently writing her dissertation about the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. U2 - University of Paderborn Jürgen Gausemeier is Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen Gausemeier is the initiator and chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on Knowledge Mobilization: An Introduction to the Special Issue JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Kimberly Matheson A1 - Cathy Malcolm Edwards KW - health KW - interdisciplinary KW - knowledge mobilization KW - partnerships AB - In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review's special issue on Knowledge Mobilization, Guest Editors Kimberly Matheson and Cathy Malcolm Edwards share their different perspectives as an academic and a knowledge broker on the process of knowledge mobilization. Despite their distinctive points of entry into the knowledge mobilization field, they share a common perspective on the value of researchers and knowledge users learning from each other, working together to co-create solutions, and the importance of contributing back into the basic research and training of the next generation. They also provide the context of the authors' contributions to this special issue, noting that the articles are rooted in the authors’ experiences in the health domain, but that they help to understand some of the challenges and rewards of integrating knowledge mobilization into research approaches more generally. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1014 IS - 9 U1 - Carleton University Kimberly Matheson is the Joint Research Chair in Culture and Gender Mental Health at the Royal Ottawa’s Institute of Mental Health Research and Carleton University. She is also a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience, and the founding Director of the Canadian Health Adaptations, Innovations, & Mobilization (CHAIM) Centre at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is a health psychologist that brings a recognition of the critical role that social determinants play in the health and well-being of disadvantaged or marginalized populations. Her recent work is in partnership with communities and organizations in Northwestern Ontario to promote resilience and well-being among First Nations youth. U2 - 1125@Carleton Cathy Malcolm Edwards is Managing Director of 1125@Carleton and has an enthusiastic appreciation for the power that research has to improve lives and the world we live in. Her client-centric approach fosters open dialogue, promotes collaborative engagements and encourages successful relationship management practices. As Managing Director of 1125@Carleton, Cathy provides strategic direction as well as guidance to and opportunities for collaborative research and engagement. She is also co-founder of the Born Social Fellowship, a leadership program that inspires youth to create a more just and sustainable world through action and impact. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Priority Systems at Theme Parks from the Perspective of Managers and Customers JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Gilda Hernandez-Maskivker A1 - Gerard Ryan KW - innovation KW - managers KW - priority queues KW - theme parks KW - tourism KW - tourist behaviour KW - waiting time AB - Waiting times are becoming an increasingly important customer-experience challenge in theme parks. The seemingly ever-present problem of long queues for rides and attractions is being tackled by the development of priority systems. These innovations allow customers to join an alternative queue that bypasses the congestion faced by regular customers. In other words, by paying extra, customers can purchase the right to be served sooner. Such systems are becoming prevalent, but there is a lack of empirical research into priority systems at theme parks in the academic and management literature, which suggests that in-depth empirical analysis is necessary in order to understand the consumer decision-making process when making this purchase. This article examines priority systems at theme parks both from the viewpoint of park management and of customers. To address this gap, we surveyed nearly 1,000 customers at a major theme park in Spain and conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 theme park managers to assess both customer and manager attitudes towards waiting generally and priority systems specifically. Our results reveal that these priority systems facilitate market segmentation. When theme parks offer this "wait or pay" option, different groups of customers are identified based on their attitudes: those who wait in regular lines and those who are willing to pay to avoid lines. Thus, this innovative system creates an important source of new revenue while also improving the customer experience by reducing waiting times and minimizing congestion. Following a discussion of our results, we offer practical recommendations to managers who need to address the challenges of waiting times in theme parks and wish to improve both profits and customer experiences by implementing a priority system. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1034 IS - 11 U1 - Rovira i Virgili University Gilda Hernandez-Maskivker is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Management at Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain. She has a PhD in Tourism and Leisure and a Master's degree in Analytical Techniques and Innovation in Tourism, both from Rovira i Virgili University. Her main research line is on waiting times in tourism services and tourist behaviour. Gilda has also collaborated with the Maldives National University Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Studies in Malé, Maldives; HTSI-ESADE in Barcelona, Spain; Ostelea-EAE in Barcelona; and the European University School for Tourism in Milan, Italy. U2 - Rovira i Virgili University Gerard Ryan is an Associate Professor and accredited Full Professor (ANECA, Spain) in Marketing at Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain, and he is a Visiting Fellow at Cornell University in Ithaca, USA. He is a founding member of FHOM, which is part of the Catalan government’s map of official research groups. He is on the editorial advisory board of the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, la Revista Escritos Contables y de Administración, and the Irish Journal of Management. He is a regular reviewer and an award recipient of the Emerald Group for his research. His main research interests are consumers, time, and waiting. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Process for Co-Creating Shared Value with the Crowd: Tourism Case Studies from a Regional Innovation System in Western Switzerland JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Vincent Grèzes A1 - Béatrice Girod Lehmann A1 - Marc Schnyder A1 - Antoine Perruchoud KW - business models KW - co-creation KW - crowdsourcing KW - innovation KW - regional innovation system KW - shared value KW - tourism KW - tourism cluster AB - Despite the presence of a regional innovation system, the gross value added attributed to tourism in the Swiss region of Valais is declining. Innovation policies fostering private initiatives and collaboration between companies, researchers, and coaching services have been reinforced recently, and policy instruments are in place to support strategic industries. However, no incitement instrument is dedicated to supporting the co-creation and the creation of shared value through local actors. This article presents a co-creation process of shared value and the lessons learned while implementing a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship in two case studies in the peripheral region of Valais, Switzerland. The aim of the process is the co-creation of shared value-based business models, with an emphasis on the use of crowdsourcing to find new ways to create shared value. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1033 IS - 11 U1 - University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Vincent Grèzes is a Professor of Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre. He holds a PhD in Political Science and joined the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute of the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in 2011. Vincent has professional experience in the areas of business intelligence, and industry and strategic market research. His current research areas are business and tourism innovation, creation of shared value, and regional development. U2 - University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Béatrice Girod Lehmann is a Scientific Collaborator at the Institute of Entrepreneurship & Management of the University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland in Sierre. She has participated in several research projects aimed at developing solutions for SMEs and has worked on various topics such as the internationalization of SMEs in the French part of Switzerland, technological innovation, the functional economy, and fostering the entrepreneurial spirit. She is also involved in the BusiNETvs project, a platform for innovation and entrepreneurship for academics and professionals from the Valais, and is the Executive Head of the MAS HES-SO in Quality & Strategy Management. Béatrice holds a UAS degree in Business Administration and a Master of Advanced Studies in Quality & Strategy Management. U3 - University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Marc Schnyder is a Professor of Tourism and Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre, where he is also the Head of the Institute of Tourism. He holds a French/German bilingual license from the University of Fribourg, specializing in economic and financial policy. After a one-year internship at the Swiss National Bank (SNB) in Zurich in the field of banking economy, he wrote a doctoral thesis at the University of Fribourg on the theme of investment theory. He was then a Research Assistant at the Private Hochschule Wirtschaft PHW Bern, where he worked in the field of applied research and development. His current research areas are tourist innovation process, international tourism issues, tourism policy, and the regional economy. U4 - University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Antoine Perruchoud is a Professor at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre and is Head of the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute. He is committed to training and supporting young entrepreneurs, and he is one of the initiators and directors of the university's Entrepreneurship Business Experience Program. The goal of this interdisciplinary training program is to foster and promote innovation and entrepreneurship among future graduates through the university's "school enterprise". Antoine graduated in Economics and Social Sciences from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and holds a master's degree from Western Washington University in the United States. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profiling Regional Innovation Ecosystems as Functional Collaborative Systems: The Case of Cambridge JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Jukka Viitanen KW - Cambridge KW - innovation ecosystem KW - management KW - orchestration KW - PPP KW - public–private partnership KW - system thinking AB - It has been widely recognized that the national and regional development of innovation ecosystems has been a relatively successful model for regional revitalization, bringing together key actors to perform the relevant technology-driven development processes. The ecosystems have been organized and combine readily public sector interests with private sector business-oriented actions. However, all regions are not uniformly successful, which leaves open the question of how to guide the sub-optimum regional systems closer to the front-runner position. Why do some score better than the others? This article presents both theoretical and practical evidence of global best practice in developing regional innovation hubs and renders a fully integrated innovation hub framework that defines a novel, holistic approach to managing these ecosystems. The framework is tested and validated through a selected case study of Cambridge, United Kingdom, identifying the key ecosystem elements that are necessary for building up a solid foundation for the innovative regions. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1038 IS - 12 U1 - Resolute HQ Inc. Jukka Viitanen is CEO and Managing Partner of Resolute HQ Inc. and former CEO and Partner of Hubconcepts Inc. He has PhD in Information Systems Management and an MSc in Marketing. His academic research has focused on the strategic alignment of business and ICT strategies and the management of global network organizations. Dr. Viitanen has extensive international experience in planning and managing innovation platforms for global excellence. He has served several organizations in Asia and Oceania and managed the Finnish Science Institute in Japan, the Finnish Innovation Center – Finnode Japan, and Asia-Pacific Insight consultancy during his 15 years abroad. Moreover, Dr. Viitanen has developed several governmental programs to facilitate cross-border technology transfer, SME market entry, and S&T funding collaboration between Finland and its global partners. In his work, he has been responsible for drafting strategies, proposals, and programs for international science and technology collaboration and innovation platform development. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Proposed Approach for Idea Selection in Front End of Innovation Activities JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2016 A1 - Andrew N. Forde A1 - Mark S. Fox KW - FEoI KW - front end of innovation KW - idea selection KW - innovation KW - multi-criteria decision making KW - possible worlds KW - real options KW - stochastic models AB - Current research indicates that the idea evaluation processes of many firms are ad hoc or intuitive, with very few firms having defined methods. We propose a new approach to select the best ideas to pursue amidst different probable versions of the future. In support of "front end of innovation" processes, the approach emphasizes the formation of requirements for any idea that can be prioritized and measured against possible future worlds. This approach is currently conceptual; future work will develop the approach into a methodology that can be tested using real-world problems. This article will be relevant to those who are exploring novel methods and approaches to selecting the best idea within their particular domains. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 6 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1011 IS - 8 U1 - University of Toronto Andrew N. Forde is a PhD student in Industrial and Information Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada. His research focuses on using possible-world analysis and engineering ontologies to establish utility functions that can accurately predict the usefulness of an idea in the future. His work is being co-sponsored by Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS) and a Toronto-based technology firm, IMC. U2 - University of Toronto Mark S. Fox is the Distinguished Professor of Urban Systems Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada. He is a Professor of Industrial Engineering with a cross appointment in the Department of Computer Science, Director of the new Centre for Social Services Engineering, and Head of the Enterprise Integration Laboratory. Dr. Fox received his BSc in Computer Science from the University of Toronto in 1975, and in 1983 received his PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, United States. In 1979, he was a founding member of the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University as well as the founding Director of the Intelligent Systems Laboratory within the Institute. He is a past AAAI councillor and co-founder of the AAAI Special Interest Group in AI in Manufacturing. Dr. Fox has published over 200 papers. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Personal Health Systems Technologies: Critical Issues in Service Innovation and Diffusion JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Doris Schartinger A1 - Ian Miles A1 - Ozcan Saritas A1 - Effie Amanatidou A1 - Susanne Giesecke A1 - Barbara Heller-Schuh A1 - Laura Pombo-Juarez A1 - Günter Schreier KW - ehealth KW - foresight studies KW - health and social care KW - healthcare KW - innovation ecosystem KW - mhealth KW - personal health systems KW - service innovation KW - service systems KW - stakeholders KW - system design KW - technology adoption AB - Personal health system (PHS) technologies can enhance public and private health service delivery and provide new business opportunities in Europe and around the world. Although much PHS technology has already been developed and could potentially provide virtually everyone with access to personalized healthcare, research driven primarily by a technology push may fail, because it fails to situate PHS within the wider health and social care service systems. In this article, we explore the scattered PHS research and innovation landscape, as well its relevant markets, using several types of analyses: bibliometrics, patent analysis, social network analysis, stakeholder workshops, and interviews. Our analyses aim to identify critical issues in the development and implementation of service systems around PHS technologies. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/873 IS - 2 U1 - Austrian Institute of Technology Doris Schartinger is a Scientist at the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Vienna, Austria. She studied Economics, and her primary focus of research is technological change and economic development. She covered many aspects of innovation processes and diffusion in private manufacturing firms, public organizations, public-private networks, and service innovation. Her recent projects concentrated on innovation in the healthcare service system and intellectual property rights as indicators for innovation. She has been involved in a number of contract research projects for different clients and is experienced in co-ordinating and managing such projects. (See end of article for further author biographies.) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Places and Spaces within Living Labs JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn A1 - Carina Ihlström Eriksson A1 - Anna Ståhlbröst KW - influence KW - Living lab KW - openness KW - place KW - realism KW - space AB - In this article, we propose the concepts of places and spaces as conceptual tools to facilitate the organization of innovation activities within living labs. We have taken a pragmatic perspective on these concepts regarding how they are integrated in design situations, and how different types of places and spaces can facilitate or hinder innovation. We have found that, by applying openness, realism, and influence in the different spaces of our living lab milieus, they have transformed into many different places depending on the stakeholders involved, the methods chosen, and the facilitation of activities. Hence, by understanding this line of reasoning, living lab managers can make more informed decisions and plans for innovation activities. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/951 IS - 12 U1 - Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Pro-Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing, and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published over 60 articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. U2 - Halmstad University Carina Ihlström Eriksson is Associate Professor in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden, where she is also the manager of Halmstad Living Lab. Carina’s research interests concerns digital innovation services, user and stakeholder involvement in innovation processes, living labs, value networks, and business models within the application areas of media and health innovation. She has published more than 50 articles within these areas and has managed and participated in numerous research projects. U3 - Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the IoT Lab project financed by the European Commission. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perceived Environmental Uncertainty for Startups: A Note on Entrepreneurship Research from an Indian Perspective JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2014 A1 - Susmita Ghosh A1 - Bhaskar Bhowmick A1 - Kalyan Kumar Guin KW - business environment KW - emerging economies KW - India KW - startups KW - uncertainty AB - In an entrepreneurship environment, understanding uncertainty is critical to startups because it is directly related to the context of decision making. In an emerging country such as India, uncertainties are more predominant due to the very nature of the emerging country, which is characterized by an underdeveloped institutional setup, a lack of protection for legal and intellectual property rights, underdeveloped factor markets, and high transaction costs. In this article, a systematic review of the existing literature on environment and uncertainty in an entrepreneurial, emerging-economy context identifies a gap of a new scale for perceived environmental uncertainty. Three primary contributions are made by this research. First, a literature review for existing uncertainty scales and their evaluation in the context of emerging countries is provided. Second, the research identifies a gap in the uncertainty measurement literature that is relevant to emerging economies. Finally, this study proposes a future research scope that can bridge the identified gap by exploring the factors of uncertainty in emerging countries. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 4 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/820 IS - 8 U1 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Susmita Ghosh is a Research Scholar at Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Currently she is pursuing her doctoral degree in Entrepreneurship, with a research focus on uncertainties in decision making for startups. Her other current research interests include entrepreneurial business incubation and uncertainty in product development. U2 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Bhaskar Bhowmick is an as Assistant Professor at Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He completed his PhD from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmadabad with a specialization in Business Policy. He has thirteen years of industry experience in sales and marketing. His research interests include strategy-sustenance-succession, leadership strategy, and uncertainty in product development, innovation, and entrepreneurship. U3 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kalyan Kumar Guin is Dean and Professor at the Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India, and he is a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. His teaching interests cover marketing and operations management, and he has a special interest in quantitative modelling of strategic issues in management. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Product and Service Interaction in the Chinese Online Game Industry JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2014 A1 - Patrik Ström A1 - Mirko Ernkvist KW - China KW - Korea KW - MMOG KW - network KW - online gaming KW - product and service KW - service innovation AB - This article examines the rapidly-growing online game industry in China, which is a prime example of the changing regional landscape of new creative industries in East Asia. The industry’s evolution in China demonstrates the complexity of the growth of this industry through various knowledge and production networks. Despite the fact that Chinese companies were initially a second mover in this industry and had limited technological competence, they managed to move up the value chain within a few years, from operators of foreign-developed games to game developers. The catch-up process in this creative industry has differed from traditional manufacturing industries, which reflects the responsiveness and close proximity between product and service as key elements of the online game experience. This article conceptualizes this product–service offering in the industry and highlights its requirement for a widespread geographical network, as well as close proximity and responsiveness between elements of the network. In the empirical study of the growth of the Chinese online game industry described here, we argue that Chinese companies have managed to grow by utilizing the strategic control of service, player preferences, and responsiveness in this network, and translating this control into constant incremental improvement of their game development offering. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 4 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/789 IS - 5 U1 - University of Gothenburg Patrik Ström is Associate Professor of Economic Geography at the Centre for International Business Studies, Department of Business Adminstration, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He holds a PhD in Business Adminstration from Roskilde University, Denmark and an Econ. Dr. in Economic Geography from the University of Gothenburg. Has was formerly a Pro Futura Fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in Uppsala, Sweden. His research focuses on the development of services economies in East Asia and integration of international services markets. Industries of particular interest are knowledge-intensive business services and creative industries such as online computer games. Patrik Ström is also the President of the European Association for Research on Services, RESER. U2 - Ratio Institute Mirko Ernkvist wrote his PhD in Economic History on discontinuous technologies in gaming machine manufacturing. After his dissertation, he spent two years as a JSPS postdoctoral researcher at the University of Tokyo, Japan, focusing on the formation of technology-intensive companies and industry policy in the game industry, involving studies of the game industry in Japan, Korea, and China. He has studied the policy implication of the emergence of virtual economy for the World Bank. In 2012, Dr. Ernkvist joined the Ratio Institute as a Wallander Postdoctoral Researcher. He is currently involved in research about technological change and deregulation of industries. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Promoting Force of Technology for Service Innovation in High-Tech Industries JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2014 A1 - Silvia Gliem A1 - Janny Klabuhn A1 - Nadine Litwin KW - case studies KW - dynamic model of process and product innovation KW - reverse innovation cycle KW - service innovation KW - technology KW - technology adoption KW - technology development KW - typologies AB - This article focuses on the interaction between the development of technology and service innovation. It goes “back to the basics” by analyzing the first theoretical contributions to the service innovation literature from the late 1980s. These contributions were heavily technologically oriented: they aimed at bringing the results of technological innovation to the realm of services. More specifically, we focus on the model of “reverse innovation cycle” on one hand, and on the first innovation-specific categorization of services on the other. The latter introduced the division into supplier-dominated, production-intensive/scale-intensive, and science-based services. Our purpose is to examine in which ways these theoretical approaches could promote our understanding about the new phenomena of technology-service interaction in innovation. In the second part of the article, we apply these approaches in five case studies that originate from different service industries and that differ in size and technologies. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that the applicability of the approaches to the case studies depends on several factors including the kind of technology involved in the innovation activities, the stage of development of this technology, and the type of service. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 4 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/792 IS - 5 U1 - Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Silvia Gliem is a PhD student in Business Administration at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in International Business Administration from European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany, and she holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her research interests focus on service productivity and service innovation research. She recently joined a research project that focuses on the improvement of health and safety in the workplace by means of a service robot. In the context of this project, she depicts the influence of physical surroundings and safety in the workplace on employees. U2 - Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Janny Klabuhn is a PhD student in Industrial Engineering at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She holds a diploma in Industrial Engineering from Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her fields of research include human resource management, innovation management, and automation technology. She is part of a research project that aims at the development of a service robot to improve health and safety in the workplace. Within this project, she analyzes the transformational processes in human resources originating from the increasing application of automation technology in certain service industries. U3 - Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Nadine Litwin is a PhD student in Business Administration at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She received her diploma in Industrial Engineering from the Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her research encompasses rapid prototyping, production processes, and disruptive innovation. In particular, she focuses on the diffusion of technologies that endanger firm’s traditional competitive strategies, and the potential reorganization needs for manufacturing industries. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Partner Selection for Open Innovation JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2013 A1 - Marina Z. Solesvik A1 - Magnus Gulbrandsen KW - causation KW - effectuation KW - Norway KW - Open innovation KW - partner selection AB - In this article, we consider open innovation from the perspectives of: i) causation and effectuation, and ii) social networking. Our empirical evidence consists of a case study of a late-stage open-innovation project aimed at creating a hybrid ship that uses liquid natural gas and hydrogen as power sources. The results show that the effectuation approach is preferable to open innovation when the initiator of open innovation aims to keep sensitive information inside the closed group, when the initiator has established an effective team of representatives from other firms from earlier innovation projects, and when the participants are geographically close. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 3 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/674 IS - 4 U1 - University of Oslo Marina Z. Solesvik is a postdoctoral research scholar at the Center of Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK) at the University of Oslo. Her research is related to regional innovation in the Oslo region. Marina holds a PhD in Management from the Graduate Business School at the University of Nordland (Norway). Her other research interests include maritime business, entrepreneurial intentions, female entrepreneurship, and strategic alliances. U2 - University of Oslo Magnus Gulbrandsen holds a PhD in Industrial Economics and Technology Management from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2000). He has worked as researcher/senior researcher and research director at the research institute NIFU, where he still has a 20% position. He has also been guest professor at the Copenhagen Business School (2002–03) and senior research fellow at the Centre for Advanced Study, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (2007-08). Magnus is leader of the Innovation group at the Center of Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK) at the University of Oslo. His research topics have included the role of public research organizations in innovation, commercialization of research and university-industry relationships, the nature and legitimacy of research institutes, internationalization of R&D and innovation, quality in science, and the organization and funding of research work in different settings. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peer-to-Peer Enclaves for Improving Network Defence JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2013 A1 - David W. Archer A1 - Adam Wick KW - cyber countermeasures KW - cybersecurity KW - dynamic cyberdefence KW - enclave computing KW - network defence KW - peer-to-peer AB - Information about cyberthreats within networks spreads slowly relative to the speed at which those threats spread. Typical "threat feeds" that are commercially available also disseminate information slowly relative to the propagation speed of attacks, and they often convey irrelevant information about imminent threats. As a result, hosts sharing a network may miss opportunities to improve their defence postures against imminent attack because needed information arrives too late or is lost in irrelevant noise. We envision timely, relevant peer-to-peer sharing of threat information – based on current technologies – as a solution to these problems and as a useful design pattern for defensive cyberwarfare. In our setting, network nodes form communities that we call enclaves, where each node defends itself while sharing information on imminent threats with peers that have similar threat exposure. In this article, we present our vision for this solution. We sketch the architecture of a typical node in such a network and how it might interact with a framework for sharing threat information; we explain why certain defensive countermeasures may work better in our setting; we discuss current tools that could be used as components in our vision; and we describe opportunities for future research and development. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 3 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/701 IS - 7 U1 - Galois, Inc. David Archer is a Research Program Lead at Galois, Inc., where he directs research into high-assurance methods for large-scale cyberconflict. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from Portland State University in the United States as well as an MS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Archer’s research interests also include efficient methods for computing on encrypted data, and information integration, assurance, and provenance. At Intel Corporation, Dr. Archer was instrumental in the development of the communication network for the ASCI Red TeraFLOPS system at Sandia, and in the development of multiple generations of high-performance server and workstation memory and I/O systems. U2 - Galois, Inc. Adam Wick directs the Systems and Networking Group at Galois, Inc., where he has worked with DARPA to create advanced network-defence techniques, including CyberChaff and Ditto. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Utah in the United States, as well as a BS in Computer Science from Indiana University Bloomington. Dr. Wick also has been collaborating with SRI, LG, and others to build secure mobile devices for the United States Marine Corps. Prior to this work, he developed the HaLVM, a lightweight machine for running custom, single-purpose applications in the cloud. In all of this work, he maintains a focus on using next-generation operating system and networking technology to create practical tools for critical systems. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Platforms, Communities, and Business Ecosystems: Lessons Learned about Technology Entrepreneurship in an Interconnected World JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2013 A1 - Steven Muegge KW - architecture of participation KW - business ecosystem KW - community KW - platform KW - technology entrepreneurship AB - Technology entrepreneurs are increasingly building businesses that are deliberately anchored in platforms, communities, and business ecosystems. Nonetheless, actionable, evidence-based advice for technology entrepreneurs is scarce. Platforms, communities, and ecosystems are active areas of management research, but until recently, each has been studied in separate research programs, with results published in different venues, and often examined from the perspectives of incumbent managers or policy makers rather than entrepreneurs and new entrants. This article re-examines these phenomena from the perspective of technology entrepreneurs facing strategic choices about interconnected systems of platforms, communities, and business ecosystems, and decisions about the nature and extent of participation. It brings together insights from a wide range of published sources. For entrepreneurs, it provides an accessible introduction to what can be a complex topic, identifies a set of practical considerations to be accounted for in decision-making, and offers a guide for further reading. For researchers and graduate students seeking practical and high-impact research problems, it provides an entry point to the research literature and identifies gaps in the current body of knowledge, especially regarding the system-level interactions between subsystems. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 3 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/655 IS - 2 U1 - Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problemsourcing: Local Open Innovation for R&D Organizations JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2013 A1 - Sally Davenport A1 - Stephen Cummings A1 - Urs Daellenbach A1 - Charles Campbell KW - crowdsourcing KW - local open innovation KW - Open innovation KW - problemsourcing KW - R&D AB - Open innovation and crowdsourcing are usually focused on using others external to the organization to solve your problems. How then do R&D organizations, who traditionally solve the problems of others, harness the benefits of open innovation and crowdsourcing yet maintain their mission and capabilities? "Problemsourcing" may provide the answer. In this mode of open innovation, the open call to the "crowd" of businesses is for them to suggest problems that, if solved by the R&D organization, could greatly enhance the business’ competitive advantage and therefore the nation’s economy. In this article, we describe a problemsourcing initiative developed by Industrial Research Ltd (IRL), a government-owned R&D organization in New Zealand. The "What’s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition promised NZ$1m worth of R&D services to the winning business. Using this case study, we map a range of benefits of crowdsourcing for R&D problems, including generating a potential pipeline of projects and clients as well as avoiding the challenge to the professional status of the organization’s research capability. A side-effect not initially taken account of was that, by demonstrating openness, accessibility, and helpfulness, the reputation of the research organization was greatly enhanced. The problemsourcing model provided by the "What’s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition represents a new strategic possibility for R&D organizations that complements their traditional business model by drawing on the openness that open innovation and crowdsourcing seek to leverage. As such, it can provide insights for other research organizations wishing to make use of the connectivity afforded by open innovation and crowdsourcing. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 3 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/665 IS - 3 U1 - Victoria Business School Sally Davenport is Professor of Management at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. Her PhD in Chemistry was obtained at IRL’s predecessor organization and she has maintained close research relationships based on her scientific background. Sally’s research interests include the strategic management of innovation, interaction between innovation stakeholders in the commercialization of research and the discourse of scientific organizations. She has published in a range of journals including Research Policy, Technovation, Journal of Technology Transfer, R&D Management, Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, Science & Public Policy, and Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. U2 - Victoria Business School Stephen Cummings is Professor of Strategy at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests include the history of management and creative approaches to strategy development. His publications have appeared in Academy of Management Executive, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Business Horizons, Long Range Planning, Organization, and Organization Studies. His recent books include Recreating Strategy, The Strategy Pathfinder, Creative Strategy: Reconnecting Business and Innovation, and the forthcoming Handbook of Management and Creativity. U3 - Victoria Business School Urs Daellenbach is a Reader in Management at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests focus on the resource-based view of the firm with a specific focus on contexts associated with R&D and innovation and where multiple diverse stakeholders may create advantages cooperatively. His publications have appeared in Strategic Management Journal, Long Range Planning, Industrial & Corporate Change, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Technology Transfer, and R&D Management. U4 - Victoria Business School Charles Campbell is a researcher at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. Charles has a PhD in History from the University Canterbury. He is also a novelist and is currently based in the Otago region of New Zealand. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting Critical Infrastructure by Identifying Pathways of Exposure to Risk JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2013 A1 - Philip O’Neill KW - critical infrastructure KW - cybersecurity KW - directed graph KW - modelling KW - path analysis KW - risk analysis KW - simulation KW - strongest-path method AB - Increasingly, our critical infrastructure is managed and controlled by computers and the information networks that connect them. Cyber-terrorists and other malicious actors understand the economic and social impact that a successful attack on these systems could have. While it is imperative that we defend against such attacks, it is equally imperative that we realize how best to react to them. This article presents the strongest-path method of analyzing all potential pathways of exposure to risk – no matter how indirect or circuitous they may be – in a network model of infrastructure and operations. The method makes direct use of expert knowledge about entities and dependency relationships without the need for any simulation or any other models. By using path analysis in a directed graph model of critical infrastructure, planners can model and assess the effects of a potential attack and develop resilient responses. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 3 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/714 IS - 8 U1 - Deep Logic Solutions Philip O'Neill is Chief Scientist at Deep Logic Solutions Inc. He holds a PhD in Combinatorics and Optimization from the University of Waterloo, Canada. He is a specialist in operational research and risk analysis, and has additional expertise in mathematical modelling, quantitative analysis, algorithms, and decision support. His career has included 17 years of practice in the Operational Research Division of the Department of National Defence (DND); he has served as chairman of the NATO Panel 7 Specialist Team on the Evaluation of Readiness and Sustainment Policy; and he was chosen by the DND to model dependency relationships among infrastructures in Canada as part of risk analysis for the millennium turnover. Since 2001, he has designed and managed the software development of RiskOutLook, an analytical tool for risk analysis that identifies and quantifies risks that result from dependency relationships. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Physical Internet and Business Model Innovation JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Benoit Montreuil A1 - Jean-François Rougès A1 - Yan Cimon A1 - Diane Poulin KW - business models KW - logistics KW - physical internet KW - supply chains AB - Building on the analogy of data packets within the Digital Internet, the Physical Internet is a concept that dramatically transforms how physical objects are designed, manufactured, and distributed. This approach is open, efficient, and sustainable beyond traditional proprietary logistical solutions, which are often plagued by inefficiencies. The Physical Internet redefines supply chain configurations, business models, and value-creation patterns. Firms are bound to be less dependent on operational scale and scope trade-offs because they will be in a position to offer novel hybrid products and services that would otherwise destroy value. Finally, logistical chains become flexible and reconfigurable in real time, thus becoming better in tune with firm strategic choices. This article focuses on the potential impact of the Physical Internet on business model innovation, both from the perspectives of Physical-Internet enabled and enabling business models. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/566 IS - 6 U1 - Université Laval Benoit Montreuil, PEng., PhD (Georgia Tech, ISYE, 1982) is Professor in the Faculty of Administration Sciences at Université Laval in Quebec City, Canada. He holds the Canada Research Chair in Enterprise Engineering. He is a board member of the CIRRELT Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. He is a member of the EDS Institute on Environment, Development and Society. He is the MHIA Board Liaison of the College Industry Council on Material Handling Education. His main research interests lie in developing concepts, methodologies, and technologies for creating, optimizing, transforming and enabling businesses and value creation networks that can thrive in a fast evolving world. He is the inventor of the Physical Internet towards efficient and sustainable interconnected logistics, and is leading the International Physical Internet Initiative. DC Velocity has named him 2011 Rainmaker-of-the-Year. U2 - Université Laval Jean-François Rougès is a PhD Student at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Québec City, Canada) and a member of the CIRRELT, Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. His research focuses on strategy and business model innovation enabled by information and communication technologies. He also works as a consultant in strategic change management. U3 - Université Laval Yan Cimon, CD, PhD (HEC Montreal) is Associate Professor of Strategy at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Quebec City, Canada). He is the Deputy Director of CIRRELT (Québec), the Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. He is also an associate member of HEI, the Quebec Institute for Advanced International Studies. His research focuses on networks and alliances between firms. His most recent research focuses on the dynamics of Canada-US value chain integration and how they may better leverage the innovative power of complex North American value creation networks that are too often overlooked. A winner of many awards for the implications and impact of his work, he has also been elected to Alpha Iota Delta. U4 - Université Laval Diane Poulin, PhD (École Polytechnique de Paris/France) is full Professor of Strategy at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Quebec City, Canada). She is a founder member of CIRRELT (Québec), the Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. She is also a member of CeRTAE, the Enterprise Architecture and Transfer Research Centre, and FORAC, Research Consortium of expertise for the advancement of the forest products industry. Her research focuses on innovation and technologies, networks enterprises and alliances. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Platformation: Cloud Computing Tools at the Service of Social Change JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Anil Patel KW - charity KW - cloud computing KW - nonprofit KW - Platformation KW - sharing imperative KW - social innovation AB - The following article establishes some context and definitions for what is termed the “sharing imperative” – a movement or tendency towards sharing information online and in real time that has rapidly transformed several industries. As internet-enabled devices proliferate to all corners of the globe, ways of working and accessing information have changed. Users now expect to be able to access the products, services, and information that they want from anywhere, at any time, on any device. This article addresses how the nonprofit sector might respond to those demands by embracing the sharing imperative. It suggests that how well an organization shares has become one of the most pressing governance questions a nonprofit organization must tackle. Finally, the article introduces Platformation, a project whereby tools that enable better inter and intra-organizational sharing are tested for scalability, affordability, interoperability, and security, all with a non-profit lens. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/580 IS - 7 U1 - Framework Anil Patel is an Ashoka Fellow and Executive Director of Framework, the charity that runs the Timeraiser. The Timeraiser is part volunteer fair, part silent art auction, and part night on the town. To date, the Timeraiser has generated 100,000 volunteer hours, engaged 6,500 Canadians to pick up a cause, worked with more than 350 agencies in need of skilled volunteers, and invested $580,000 in the careers of Canadian artists. In the decade ahead, Anil will be focused on how nonprofits and funding organizations can share critical information online and in real time. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting Ecosystem Alliances Using Landscape Theory JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Shruti Satsangi KW - alliance formation KW - business ecosystems KW - coalition forming games KW - coalition prediction KW - landscape theory AB - Previous articles in the TIM Review have covered various aspects of the concept of business ecosystems, from the types of ecosystems to keystone strategy, to different member roles and value co-creation. While there is no dearth of suggested best practices that organizations should follow as ecosystem members, it can be difficult to apply these insights into actionable steps for them to take. This is especially true when the ecosystem members already have a prior history of cooperation or competition with each other, as opposed to where a new ecosystem is created. Landscape theory, a political science approach to predicting coalition formation and strategic alliances, can be a useful complement to ecosystems studies by providing a tool to evaluate the best possible alliance options for an organization, given information about itself and the other companies in the system. As shown in the case study of mobile device manufacturers choosing platform providers in the mobile ecosystem, this tool is highly flexible and customizable, with more data providing a more accurate view of the alliances in the ecosystem. At the same time, with even basic parameters, companies can glean significant information about which coalitions will best serve their interest and overall standing within the ecosystem. This article shows the synergies between landscape theory and an ecosystems approach and offers a practical, actionable way in which to analyze individual member benefits. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/597 IS - 8 U1 - Carleton University Shruti Satsangi is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University, in Ottawa, Canada, where she researched coalition and competition within business ecosystems. Her Master’s thesis focused on implementing landscape theory to better explain coalition formation within the mobile ecosystem. Ms. Satsangi received a Bachelor’s in Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo with specializations in Management Science and Telecommunications. She has extensive experience in the development of large, carrier-grade 4G mobile communication systems. Shruti is currently serving as a committee member for the Innovation and Entrepreneurship track at the Grace Hopper Conference 2012. She is also a member of CU-Women in Science and Engineering, IEEE WiE, and the IEEE Communications Society and an occasional guest blogger for the Anita Borg Institute. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process Adaptability in the IT Supply Chain JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Paul E. Renaud A1 - Sonia D. Bot KW - exploitation KW - exploration KW - IT function KW - process adaptability KW - process ambidexterity KW - supply chain AB - The continuous pressure to minimize IT costs challenges the IT function to achieve a balance between its own effectiveness and the productivity of the users in the business functions that it serves (i.e., user effectiveness). In many cases, user effectiveness is sacrificed to ensure IT function effectiveness. Process adaptability improves the IT organization’s entrepreneurial ability by balancing these conflicting productivity and performance objectives. This article applies a process-ambidexterity framework to examine how process adaptability in IT is affected by the choice of different strategies for IT Demand Management as well as different fulfillment strategies for IT Supply Chain Management. Alternative fulfillment strategies are presented, along with criteria and indicators that impact IT and user effectiveness that have been applied within major firms. IT and senior business executives will find this article valuable for helping understand how they can influence the balance between IT and user productivity through their choice of different Demand Management and IT fulfillment strategies. Academic readers will discover that, while process adaptability in IT is an important enabler for implementing dynamic alignment between business and IT function objectives, there may be circumstances where IT process adaptability is not a priority for the business. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/627 IS - 11 U1 - The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. U2 - Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Innovation Management Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently provides consulting services by partnering with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process Ambidexterity for Entrepreneurial Firms JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Sonia D. Bot KW - business management KW - exploitation KW - exploration KW - performance improvement KW - process ambidexterity KW - technology entrepreneurship AB - Technology-based entrepreneurial firms must effectively support both mainstream exploitation and new-stream exploration in order to remain competitive for the long term. The processes that support exploitation and exploration initiatives are different in terms of logistics, payoff horizons, and capabilities. Few firms are able to strike a balance between the two, where mainstream exploitation usually trumps new-stream exploration. The ultimate goal is for the firm to operate effectively in a repeatable, scalable, and systematic manner, rather than relying on good luck and hoping either to come up with the next innovation or for the product to function according to its requirements. This article builds on the author’s years of experience in building businesses and transforming medium and large-sized, entrepreneurial technology firms, leading large-scale breakthrough and sustained performance improvements by using and evolving Lean Six Sigma methodologies, and reviews of technology innovation management and entrepreneurship literature. This article provides a process-based perspective to understanding and addressing the issues on balancing mainstream exploitation and new-stream exploration in medium and large-sized entrepreneurial firms and extending it to startups. The resulting capability is known as process ambidexterity and requires disciplined, agile, and lean business management. VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/547 IS - 4 U1 - Sonia Bot is a business executive who specializes in strategy and business execution for technology innovation and corporate entrepreneurship ventures. She has extensive experience in the high-tech industry, including business transformation and strategy, product management and delivery, and new venture creation within multinational technology companies. Her work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process Ambidexterity for IT Entrepreneurship JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2012 A1 - Sonia D. Bot A1 - Paul E. Renaud KW - business demand KW - business value chains KW - exploitation KW - exploration KW - IT KW - IT supply KW - process ambidexterity AB - All firms use information technology (IT). Larger firms have information technology organizations whose business function is to supply and manage IT infrastructure and applications to support business needs for IT. While some firms have chosen to outsource the IT function, the majority rely on an internal IT organization that is focused on running the IT infrastructure and optimizing IT operations and applications by exploiting technology improvements over time. Most IT organizations have little capacity to carry out transformational initiatives because they are focused on incremental improvements needed to run the business. As the global economy contracts, growing cost pressure on firms escalates the need for the IT function to behave in a more entrepreneurial manner that accelerates the availability of new technological solutions to enhance productivity and lower cost of doing business. This article provides a process-based perspective for understanding and addressing an IT function’s ability to implement entrepreneurial practices that better align the IT function to business functions. This is done by developing the capability of process ambidexterity. Improving an IT organization’s entrepreneurial ability results in improved productivity, shorter time to market, and lower operational costs – as validated by recent practice with major firms in the USA. Developing process ambidexterity in the IT function benefits those who govern IT, the executives who lead IT, as well as their peers in the business functions that depend on IT. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 2 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/596 IS - 8 U1 - Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Innovation Management Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently provides consulting services by partnering with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. U2 - The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patent Value: A Business Perspective for Technology Startups JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2011 A1 - Angela de Wilton KW - business value KW - intellectual property KW - patenting costs KW - patents KW - strategy AB - In the last year, news headlines have highlighted record patent infringement settlements, multibillion dollar auctions of large corporate patent portfolios, and ongoing patent battles between key technology industry players. Despite this acknowledgment of the significant value of patents for large corporations, many small technology companies are understandably more focused on the near-term costs of obtaining a patent rather than future value. Costs may seem prohibitive to an early stage technology startup. Some software startups question whether patents are relevant to their business. In practice, effective intellectual property (IP) strategy and management is dependent on many factors, such as technology or industry sector, size and maturity of the business, technology lifecycle, and the business and market environment. IP strategy must be aligned to business strategy from the outset. By considering IP in the broader context of the overall business plan and the competitive environment, opportunities for generating increased return on R&D investment and added business value through patents or other forms of IP can be recognized early on. This approach ensures that a decision about whether or not to patent is driven by business reasons rather than budget constraints. This article examines the costs and benefits of patents from the perspective of early-stage technology startups and growing businesses, and it provides some general guidance on best practices for developing an IP and patent activity plan and for building a patent portfolio that appropriately supports business objectives. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 1 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/501 IS - 3 U1 - de Wilton IP Inc. Angela de Wilton holds a BSc Honours (Chemical Physics) from the University of Bristol, England, and a PhD from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is registered as a Patent Agent by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Canadian Intellectual Property Office, is a Fellow of the Intellectual Property Institute of Canada, and is a member of the American Intellectual Property Law Association and the Licensing Executives Society. Angela is a founder of de Wilton IP Inc., which assists small to medium-sized technology companies in developing an IP strategy and building and managing a cost-effective patent portfolio. Angela draws on past experience in the Nortel IP Law department, where she developed IP Strategy, and as Director of Intellectual Property, where she was responsible for a global patent program and supported patent licensing and litigation programs. Angela has also been involved in patent agent training and management development programs, and she has prior postdoctoral industrial R&D experience. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patents to Exclude vs. Include: Rethinking the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in a Knowledge-Based Economy JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2011 A1 - Patrick Cohendet A1 - Julien Pénin KW - knowledge-based economy KW - markets for technology KW - Open innovation KW - patents KW - R&D collaboration AB - Traditional patent theory emphasizes the importance of patents for excluding imitators. This view is far too restrictive and is at odds with many empirical and theoretical works. Therefore, we propose an analysis of patent management that considers the properties of knowledge-based economies explicitly. Patents are thus shown to be critical instruments for coordinating innovative activities between firms. They not only exclude potential infringers, but also “include” all the heterogeneous stakeholders of the innovation process. Patents facilitate coordination via two mechanisms: they encourage the emergence of markets for technology (market coordination) and they play an important role in formal and informal inter-firm collaboration (non-market coordination). We also link firms’ patenting strategy with the characteristics of the technological regime of their sector. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 1 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/502 IS - 3 U1 - HEC Montréal Patrick Cohendet is Professor of Economics at HEC Montréal business school in Canada. He was previously a professor at the University of Strasbourg, France. His research interests include the economics of innovation, technology management, knowledge management, theory of the firm, and the economics of creativity. He is the author or co-author of 15 books and over 60 articles in refereed journals. He has conducted a series of economic studies on innovation and economics of knowledge (measurement of spin-offs, evaluation of the economic benefits of R&D projects, evaluation of technology transfer, etc.). These studies were carried out by his research laboratory BETA of the University of Strasbourg, and MOSAIC at HEC Montreal for different European and North American organisations such as the European Commission, the EU, OECD, Council of Europe, and the Canadian Space Agency. U2 - University of Strasbourg Julien Pénin is Associate Professor at the University of Strasbourg, France, and is a researcher at BETA (Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée). His research interests include economics and management of patents, open innovation, and open source innovation. He has authored and coauthored over 20 articles in refereed journals. Julien also teaches economics and management of innovation and intellectual property rights at the department of economics and management of the University of Strasbourg. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Private-Collective Innovation: Let There Be Knowledge JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2011 A1 - Ali Kousari A1 - Chris Henselmans AB - Many innovators (companies or individuals) opt for a private innovation model. This model uses resources to create a product whose intellectual property (IP) is protected by the firm. At the opposite end of the scale is the collective innovation model, in which innovators collaborate and expend resources to produce a public good. Many free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) projects rely on collective innovation. Some innovators are now combining the two models into a private-collective innovation model, in which an innovator may chose to collaborate with other innovators and spend private resources while still keeping some IP private. For example, a company may release its product's source code to the public in the hope of attracting a community of contributing developers. Such a company commits its own resources to a project, but may still hold on to the intellectual property. The success of private-collective innovation is dependent on many factors including: project interest and value, company reputation, and project status. There are benefits and risks to private-collective innovation which must be carefully weighed before making a decision to employ this model. Private-collective innovation involves the sharing of knowledge and, in some cases, the sharing of IP that may or may not be patented. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/411 IS - January 2011 U1 - Systema Technologies Ali Kousari is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He is currently CTO at Systema Technologies in Geneva, Switzerland. He holds a BScH in Software Engineering from Carleton University. U2 - Carleton University Chris Henselmans is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He has over 25 years experience in embedded software development. He holds a BScH from the University of Waterloo and a BGS from Athabasca University. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Progress Report on the Keystone Off-The-Shelf Project JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2011 A1 - James Makienko A1 - Antonio Misaka AB - In this article, we provide an update on the Keystone Off-The-Shelf (KOTS) project. We begin by presenting an overview of the goals and the advantages of KOTS. Next, we describe the software components that make up KOTS. Finally, a blueprint for the first application of KOTS is described along with the plan to launch a collective of technology companies and a non-profit organization that will use, support, and evolve the software. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/432 IS - April 2011 U1 - Carleton University James Makienko is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His research interests include business ecosystems, go-to-market channels, deal and contract development, and web-based deal development platforms. He holds a BEng in Computer Systems Engineering from Carleton University and previously worked in software development, technical support, and security. U2 - Carleton University Antonio Misaka is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and is actively engaged in the KOTS and TFN 200 projects. He is a former consultant for IBM and R&D researcher for NEC-Brazil. His research interests include software engineering and technology management. He holds an MSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proving the Expertise of Freelance Android Developers JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2011 A1 - Igor Sales A1 - Aparna Shanker AB - Android continues to grow in popularity as a mobile operating system. With this constant growth in popularity comes a demand for skilled, specialized platform and application developers rather than just generalists that are currently provided by outsourcing firms. This article describes a business opportunity where a collective of proven experts can be used to fulfill this need for specialized developers. A key aspect of the proposed solution is the provision of proven expertise by certifying and guaranteeing the level of specialization of developers in the collective. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/443 IS - May 2011 U1 - Carleton University Igor Sales is a freelance software developer and entrepreneur in Ottawa, Ontario. He holds a Master's degree in Software Engineering from the University of Ottawa and is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Igor has coded device drivers, frameworks, and applications as well as interfaced directly with customers to solve their technical challenges. He is now focusing on mobile software frameworks and applications. U2 - Carleton University Aparna Shanker is a network engineer with Alcatel-Lucent in Ottawa, Ontario. She is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and holds an undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering from Queen's University, Kingston. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance Testing From the Cloud JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2010 A1 - Tom Lounibos AB - This article discusses the opportunities and challenges when leveraging the cloud to performance test large-scale websites and applications. Getting performance right, particularly at web-scale, requires a level of passion that results in both a view of the big picture and an attention to detail. We'll describe how to use the scale of the cloud to gain confidence when deploying sites servicing potentially massive amounts of web traffic. We'll start by describing what we mean by the cloud in order to set context. We'll then describe the components that comprise SOASTA's CloudTest and focus on how we deliver the offering to the market, including a look at the key tenets of the cloud testing methodology based on SOASTA's experiences. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/343 IS - April 2010 U1 - SOASTA Tom Lounibos, CEO for SOASTA, brings more than 30 years of experience building early stage software companies, leading two companies to successful IPO's. Tom is a regular speaker at both Cloud and testing events, and has become a leading advocate in using the Cloud to empower individuals and accelerate changes in how applications are built, tested and deployed. Most recently, Tom served as President and CEO of Kenamea. Prior to Kenamea, he was CEO of Dorado Corporation, a financial services software provider. Previous to Dorado, he was EVP of Sagent Technology through its 1999 IPO, entrepreneur-in-residence at Crosspoint Venture Partners, and held executive positions at Digitalk Corporation, Knowledgeware (KWI) and Encore Financial Services. Tom also serves on several boards in the Silicon Valley. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plumbing the Internet with PostgreSQL: An Open Source Case Study JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ram Mohan AB - It's no secret that open source software can offer substantial cost savings to startup companies. Anybody with an idea and a limited amount of capital can launch a web-based business and scale it relatively quickly using a simple and robust LAMP infrastructure. But what about startup companies contracted to provide crucial parts of the Internet's plumbing, such as a domain name registry? This article describes how registry manager Afilias deployed open source, particularly the PostgreSQL database management software, at the core of its business from the very outset, allowing it to scale as business grew. It also underlines the importance of actively engaging with the open source community in order to get the most out of your investment. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/358 IS - June 2010 U1 - Afilias Ram Mohan is the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Afilias, a global provider of Internet infrastructure services including domain name registry and DNS solutions. Ram also serves as the Security and Stability Advisory Committee's liaison to ICANN's Board of Directors and has helped direct and write numerous policies affecting domain name registration and DNS security. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Private Clouds: Reality or Fog? JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2010 A1 - Ronald Schmelzer AB - Product marketers love a bandwagon, and no bandwagons have been more appealing in the past ten years of information technology as the Service Oriented Architecture and Cloud Computing ones. Much of the challenge of marketing products is getting the attention of the target customer in order to create an opportunity to pitch products or services to them. Of course, if it doesn't work with one bandwagon, as the old adage goes, try, try again. This is why we often see the same products marketed with different labels and categories applied to them. Product vendors will insist that they have developed some new add-on or tweaked a user interface to include the new concept, but at the very core, the products remain fundamentally unchanged. It is particularly frustrating when product marketing gets in the way of implementing what otherwise would be a valuable concept. Competing vendor, consultant, and individual implementer messages on what a specific term means interferes with realizing real value. This is especially the case with the emerging concept of private clouds. While the term could potentially have real meaning and lasting value, the product and consulting marketers have turned any potential meaning into mush that hides that value. Cloud computing is primarily loosely-coupled, location-independent virtualized services run on abstracted infrastructure with the primary intent of reducing IT expenditures, increasing flexibility, or improving overall system robustness. Given that this is the general cloud concept, is there any value in a new concept called "private clouds?" How does the addition of the word private add value to the service-oriented cloud computing that has been discussed for a handful of years? Is it a valuable term, or mere marketing spin? This article first examines the range of definitions being applied to the private cloud concept, then offers a summary on the value provided by private clouds. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/342 IS - April 2010 U1 - CRC Ronald Schmelzer is a Managing Partner at ZapThink LLC. In need of vendor-neutral, architect-level SOA and EA training? ZapThink's Licensed ZapThink Architect (LZA) SOA Boot Camps provide four days of intense, hands-on architect-level SOA training and certification. Advanced SOA architects might want to enroll in ZapThink's SOA Governance and Security training and certification courses. Or, are you just looking to network with your peers, interact with experts and pundits, and schmooze on SOA after hours? Join us at an upcoming ZapForum event. Find out more and register for these events. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Panamanian Initiative to Embrace the Future JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2008 A1 - Monica Mora AB - The International Center for Technological Development and Open Source Software (CIDETYS) in Panama is a non-profit organization, promoted by the Panamanian government to harness the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and open source software (OSS) to create social benefits for its population. An important goal of the center is to collaborate with international organizations and become a leader in Central America in the development, use and implementation of ICT and OSS. This article describes the main activities that CIDETYS will be focusing on during the first years of operations, how this initiative was born, and a story of the implementation of OSS in the region of Extremadura, Spain that inspired the creation of CIDETYS. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/197 IS - October 2008 U1 - CIDETYS Monica Mora received a Master's degree in Technology and Innovation Management from Carleton University. She has worked for the Technological University of Panama in different positions, including assistant professor and assistant of the President of this university. She is currently part of the technical committee of CIDETYS which was created to advise the Board of Directors and plan the first activities of the programme. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Personal Research Portal JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2008 A1 - Ismael Peña-López AB - Digital technologies have forever changed the way that knowledge is disseminated and accessed. Yet, the main problem knowledge workers face is invisibility: if people don't know that you know, and people are not aware of what you know, you do not exist. Governments and institutions are being pushed to foster Open Access (OA) literature as a way to achieve universal reach of research diffusion at inexpensive and immediate levels. Most efforts have been made at the institutional level, dedicating little energy to what the individual can do to contribute. The philosophy and tools around web 2.0 bring clear opportunities for individuals to contribute and to build a broader personal presence on the Internet and a better diffusion for their work, interests or publications. We propose the concept of the personal research portal (PRP) as a means to create a digital identity for knowledge workers--tied to one's digital public notebook and personal repository--and a virtual network of colleagues working in the same field. Complementary to formal publishing or taking part in offline meetings, the PRP would be a knowledge management system that would enhance reading, storing, and creation at both the private and public levels, and contribute to create an online identity that, in turn, will help to create a network whose currency is knowledge. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/123 IS - February 2008 U1 - University of Catalonia Ismael Peña-López is Public Policies for Development and ICT4D lecturer at the Open University of Catalonia, Spain. His main research interests are the digital divide, e-readiness, ICT4D and digital inclusion. As a teacher in virtual learning environments, he is also interested in Open Access and its relationship with e-learning and development. He is the lead (and only) developer of Bibciter, a GPL Bibliography Manager. His Personal Research Portal can be accessed at ICTlogy. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Power of Openness to Solve Textbook Access Problems JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2008 A1 - David Wiley AB - Article 26 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights attests that access to educational opportunity is a basic human right. Yet while a myriad of publishing technologies flourish around us, the staple of classroom teaching, the textbook, is becoming so expensive as to be increasingly inaccessible. In this article we describe how Flat World Knowledge is leveraging principles of openness to bring textbooks back into reach of all students, creating significant social value in a manner that will sustain itself over the long-term. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/212 IS - December 2008 U1 - Flat World Knowledge David Wiley is an Associate Professor of Instructional Psychology and Technology at Brigham Young University and Chief Openness Officer for Flat World Knowledge, a new digital-textbook publisher. David brings deep experience building and disseminating technology to sustainably advance open education. David's work in reusable educational materials, social support for learning, and open access policies have won him numerous awards, including a National Science Foundation CAREER grant. He is Evangelist, Idea Guy and former Director at the Center for Open and Sustainable Learning, an organization dedicated to advancing open education and expanding access to educational opportunity worldwide. His work has been covered in The NY Times, The Wall Street Journal, The London Financial Times, The Hindu, WIRED, and other media outlets. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Project Conifer JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2008 A1 - Art Rhyno AB - Sharing resources lies at the heart of librarianship, and libraries have a long history of collaborative projects and initiatives. It comes as no surprise then to find that libraries have a natural synergy with open source software and there have been some recent activities where open source solutions have been applied to large scale services. This article describes a project between several Ontario university libraries to work together on a mission critical OSS application for their campuses. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/178 IS - August 2008 U1 - University of Windsor Art Rhyno is a Systems Librarian at the University of Windsor, Chair of the Technical Committee for Knowledge Ontario, and the co-owner of a community newspaper (The Essex Free Press). He has published articles and book chapters on topics ranging from technology to genealogy and quantum physics, and is author of Using Open Source Systems for Digital Libraries, published by Libraries Unlimited. Art is also a former president of the Ontario Library and Information Technology Association and was the recipient of the Ontario College and University Association's Librarian of the Year Award in 2004, and co-recipient of the OLITA 2008 Award for Technical Innovation. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting Information Technology Property Rights JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2007 A1 - Russell McOrmond AB - New copyright legislation is on its way from the Canadian government, and may have been tabled by the time you are reading this. While we won't know exactly what is in the bill until it is tabled in the House of Commons for first reading, the Government has made many statements indicating that it intends to ratify the highly controversial 1996 WIPO treaties. I believe it is important for open source developers and users to be aware of how some of the proposed changes may affect open source in Canada. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/107 IS - December 2007 U1 - Digital Copyright Canada Russell McOrmond is a self-employed Internet and F/LOSS consultant, joining the Free Software movement back in 1992. He is the policy coordinator for CLUE: Canada's association for Open Source, private-sector co-coordinator for GOSLING (Getting Open Source Logic INto Governments), and the host for the Digital Copyright Canada forum. Full contact information and links to these groups are at http://flora.ca. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Putting Maps on the Web with Open Source Technologies JF - Open Source Business Resource Y1 - 2007 A1 - Dave McIlhagga AB - In this time of excitement over the emergence of mapping technologies like Google Earth, Personal Navigation Devices, GPS technologies for tracking vehicles, and so much more, a little known phenomenon has also been taking place: the explosive growth of open source mapping technologies. Leading the way in this area is DM Solutions Group (DMSG) - a small company based in Ottawa, Canada who is working closely with customers and partners from around the world to incorporate mapping into their web environments. Web Mapping is a highly specialized niche market that can be applied to almost every conceivable industry. It is this peculiar combination that is at the heart of why the open source software development approach has been so successful in this area. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa UR - http://timreview.ca/article/83 IS - August 2007 U1 - DM Solutions Dave McIlhagga is the president and founder of DM Solutions Group Inc., a leader in web mapping solutions delivery since 1998. Dave has positioned DM Solutions Group as the leading provider of commercial products and services to the open source web mapping community, and premiere web mapping solutions provider to select vertical markets such as Healthcare and Real Estate. As the president of DM Solutions Group, one of Dave's key roles is fostering alliances and key partnerships both in North America and internationally. Dave is a Board member of the newly formed Open Source GeoSpatial Foundation and an active contributor to the open source geospatial movement. Prior to founding DM Solutions Group, Dave was a leading developer of one of the industry's first web mapping technologies at TYDAC Research. Dave graduated from Carleton University with an Honours Bachelor's degree in Geography, concentrating in Geographic Information Processing. ER -