%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Framing Multi-Stakeholder Value Propositions: A wicked problem lens %A Yat Ming Ooi %A Kenneth Husted %K complexity %K complicatedness %K scaling-up %K stakeholders %K value proposition %K wicked problem %X Balancing various stakeholder (often contradictory) expectations creates tensions when developing value propositions for a new firm. Customers, funders, owners, and society-at-large often expect different value outcomes from a firm. They therefore have different motivations for being involved in the firm. These differences in value expectations are more strongly expressed in technology-based ventures, which often rely heavily on access to heterogeneous external resources such as capital, specialised knowledge, distribution, and service. In this paper, we use a wicked problem lens to explore specific challenges for companies to mediate seemingly contradictory propositions. We use two dimensions of wicked problems involving complexity and complicatedness, and conduct a secondary analysis of seven technology venture case studies from Australia and New Zealand. We then categorise the configuration types of these firms' stakeholder value propositions in the context of their scale-up process. We contribute to the value proposition and business model development research streams by suggesting that the challenge of mediating value propositions that conflict can manifest itself in four types of configurations: easy, complicated, complex and wicked. Complicated and complex propositions are thorny, but with structures and processes in place, they can be adequately addressed. On the other hand, wicked propositions consist of many unknowns and require firms to collaborate with stakeholders to derive outcomes that align company scaling objective with stakeholder value propositions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 26-37 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1434 %N 4 %1 University of Auckland Business School Yat Ming Ooi is a Research Fellow at the Department of Management and International Business, University of Auckland Business School. He holds a PhD in Management from the University of Auckland, New Zealand. His research focuses on collaborative forms of innovation activities, digital transformation, problem-solving in grand challenge initiatives, technology commercialisation, and the economic impact of stagnation on developing countries' entrepreneurial activities. Yat Ming has published articles in Research-Technology Management, University of Auckland Business Review, and Kindai Management Review. He is also an editorial review board member for the Technology Innovation Management Review. %2 University of Auckland Business School Kenneth Husted is a Professor of Innovation and Research Management, and Head of the Department of Management and International Business, University of Auckland Business School. He holds a PhD from Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. His research covers innovation and research management, knowledge management, management of R&D and research commercialisation. He has published articles in reputable journals, including Journal of Management Studies, Organizational Dynamics, California Management Review, Technovation, R&D Management, Journal of Knowledge Management, and Creativity and Innovation Management. He is also regional editor for the Journal of Knowledge Management and associate editor for the Technology Innovation Management Review. %& 26 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1434 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T A Conceptual Development of a Business Model Typology in Tourism: the impact of digitalization and location %A Gabriel Linton %A Christina Öberg %K business models %K configurations %K destination %K digitalization %K location %K technology %K tourism %K typology %X This paper aims to conceptually develop a business model typology in tourism. It focuses on digitalization and destination location as important contextual factors when developing the typology. The paper builds on prior research on business models and tourism research by adopting configuration theory to create a typology of business models in tourism businesses. Four business model archetypes are identified: (1) bricks and mortar business models, (2) digitalized destinations, (3) create a destination, and (4) intermediary business models. The typology contributes to the literature by identifying different types of business models in the tourism sector. The typology also helps to ground the business model concept theoretically, something that has been considered as missing in previous business model research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 17-28 %8 07/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1372 %N 7 %1 Örebro University School of Business Gabriel Linton is Assistant Professor at Örebro University School of Business. His research interest include entrepreneurship in firms and startups and also entrepreneurship education. He also conducts research on innovation processes as well as regional innovation. The topic of relationships between firms is also of interest. Gabriel has published in journals such as: Journal of Business Research, R&D Management, Industrial Marketing Management and European Journal of Innovation Management. He serves as a member of the Editorial Review Board for the Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. %2 Örebro University School of Business Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University, Visiting Professor at Leeds University and associated with the Ratio Institute, Stockholm. She received her Ph.D. in industrial marketing from Linköping University. Her research interests include mergers and acquisitions, brands and identities, customer relationships, and innovation management. She has previously published in such journals as Journal of Business Research, European Journal of Marketing, International Marketing Review, and Industrial Marketing Management. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1372 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Open Marketing: Conceptualizing external parties’ strategic marketing activities %A Christina Öberg %K Conceptualization %K Integrative marketing %K Open marketing %K roles %K Strategic marketing. %X Open marketing as conceptualized in this paper refers to how external parties take part in strategic, integrative marketing activities. To distinguish this more recent trend in marketing from traditional meanings of marketing, the paper provides a typology on roles and role keepers in marketing. Four types of roles and role keepers are outlined: marketing as 1) solely being performed by actors in the supplier company communicating offerings, 2) an activity shared among functions of the supplier company, 3) external parties communicating offerings, and 4) external parties contributing to strategic marketing. Using the concept of 'roles' in marketing helps to structure activities and actors - or roles and role keepers - and provides a basis for understanding that marketing results from what is done, not merely from who performs it. The paper underlines how new ways of conducting business also have implications for a company's marketing beyond its borders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 14-26 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1377 %N 8 %1 Örebro University School of Business Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University, Visiting Professor at Leeds University and associated with the Ratio Institute, Stockholm. She received her Ph.D. in industrial marketing from Linköping University. Her research interests include mergers and acquisitions, brands and identities, customer relationships, and innovation management. She has previously published in such journals as Journal of Business Research, European Journal of Marketing, International Marketing Review, and Industrial Marketing Management. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1377 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Applying a Living Lab Approach Within an eHealth Accelerator %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Leena Arhippainen %A Timo Ojala %K accelerator %K case study %K ehealth %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K SME %K startup %X Through this study, we seek to understand the impact of the use of the living lab approach on product and business development in an eHealth accelerator. In the case accelerator, 20 startups developed innovative products atop the European FIWARE Future Internet technology platform. The novel design element of the case accelerator was the use of the living lab approach that was included for the purpose of engaging end users in the development and testing of new product prototypes. Our main result is that the living lab approach provided added value to participating companies and resulted in changes in their product development and marketing strategies. Overall, the case accelerator and the use of the living lab approach had a significant impact on the development, growth, and market success of the companies. Based on the results of the case accelerator, we propose the generic accelerator model presented by Pauwels and co-authors in 2016 to be extended with a new design element, the living lab approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 6-19 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1221 %N 3 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro is a Coordinator of the project “Generation Z and Beyond: Co-Evolution of Human Capabilities and Intelligent Technologies in the 21st Century (GenZ)” in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oulu, Finland. She received her doctorate degree in 2019 from Oulu Business School. Her research has focused on user involvement through the living lab approach in different contexts. Since 2011, she has worked in several national and international RDI projects related to living labs and user involvement. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö is a User Research Expert and Program Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs. She is currently in charge of establishing a Digital Health Knowledge Hub in Oulu. %3 University of Oulu Leena Arhippainen is a Postdoctoral Researcher and Teacher in the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, INTERACT Research Unit at the University of Oulu, Finland. Leena received her Master’s degree in the Department of Information Processing Science at University of Oulu in 2002 and her PhD degree in 2009. Her research interests include user experience, UX methods, human-computer interaction, 3D user interfaces and virtual environments, user involvement, and living labs. %4 University of Oulu Timo Ojala is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and Director of the Center for Ubiquitous Computing at the University of Oulu, Finland. He obtained his doctorate degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu in 1997. His research activities have included living lab studies of ubiquitous computing and virtual reality systems in real-world urban settings. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1221 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Increasing the Impact of Industry–Academia Collaboration through Co-Production %A Anna Sannö %A Anna Ericson Öberg %A Erik Flores-Garcia %A Mats Jackson %K action research %K co-production %K collaboration %K impact %K industry–academia collaboration %K key factors %K relevance %K rigour %X Increased competition and globalization motivate us to join forces to enhance the impact of the research conducted. Collaboration between organizations with different views can, however, be difficult to manage and needs awareness and skills to meet different expectations. This article will consider both a mutual industrial and academic perspective into the development of action research and, in six research project cases, empirically explore how the impact can be enhanced by considering certain key factors in the research process. How the phases of problem formulation, methodology, and results are managed is critical for the success of a collaboration and, thereby, its impact. Counter-productive forces that could dilute the progress over time need to be considered given that combining practical relevance and scientific rigour comes with challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 37-47 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1232 %N 4 %1 Volvo CE Anna Sannö is the Research Strategy Manager at Volvo CE, previously working as a Senior Lecturer in External Collaboration at Örebro University in Sweden. Her research focus is on sustainable operations management. Anna received her PhD in Innovation and Design from Mälardalen University where she belonged to the research school Innofacture. Anna has an industrial background in surface treatment and the automotive industry. She holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. %2 Volvo CE Anna Ericson Öberg is the Management System and Data Analysis Director at Volvo Construction Equipment and has been working with production, welding, and management since 2004. She has a PhD in Manufacturing Technology from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Her research interest lies in manufacturing improvements in the intersection between the research areas of quality, welding, and production and is managing and participating in several research projects. Anna holds an MSc in Manufacturing Management from Loughborough University in England and is Six Sigma Black Belt certified. %3 Mälardalen University Erik Flores-Garcia is a doctoral student at Mälardalen University, Sweden. His research interests include discrete event simulation and decision-making. He holds an MSc in Production and Logistics from Mälardalen University and a BSc in Mechatronics from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education in Mexico. %4 Jönköping University Mats Jackson is Professor of Innovative Production at Jönköping University, Sweden and is the Programme Manager of SPARK, their research and education environment focusing on knowledge-intensive product realization. He was previously the Professor of Innovation and Product Realisation at Mälardalen University in Sweden and the Manufacturing Research Manager at Volvo Construction Equipment. He was also the Project Manager for the research school Innofacture at Mälardalen University. He received his PhD in 2000 in Production System Development at Linköping University and has a background as a production engineer and management consultant in industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1232 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Additive Manufacturing and Business Models: Current Knowledge and Missing Perspectives %A Christina Öberg %A Tawfiq Shams %A Nader Asnafi %K 3D printing %K additive manufacturing %K business model %K literature review %X Additive manufacturing, that is 3D printing technology, may change the way companies operate their businesses. This article adopts a business model perspective to create an understanding of what we know about these changes. It summarizes current knowledge on additive manufacturing within management and business research, and it discusses future research directions in relation to business models for additive manufacturing. Using the scientific database Web of Science, 116 journal articles were identified. The literature review reveals that most research concerns manufacturing optimization. A more holistic view of the changes that additive manufacturing may bring about for firms is needed, as is more research on changed value propositions, and customer/sales-related issues. The article contributes to previous research by systematically summarizing additive manufacturing research in the business and management literature, and by highlighting areas for further investigation related to the business models of individual firms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 15-33 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1162 %N 6 %1 Örebro University Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University in Sweden, and she is also associated with The Ratio Institute, the University of Exeter, and Leeds University. She has a background from Linköping University and Lund University and has also been a visiting scholar at Stanford University, the University of Bath, and Manchester University. Her research interests concern mergers and acquisitions, customer relationships, innovations, and new ways to pursue business including the sharing economy and effects of additive manufacturing. She has previously published in such journals as the Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, International Marketing Review, the European Journal of Marketing, and Production Planning & Control. %2 Örebro University Tawfiq Shams is a PhD candidate in Business Model Innovation (Additive Manufacturing) at Örebro University in Sweden. He works in parallel as a business consultant in the area of additive manufacturing, and his doctoral thesis deals with business model changes as the result of additive manufacturing. He holds a Master’s degree from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. %3 Örebro University Nader Asnafi is a Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Örebro University in Sweden. He has an industrial background including many years at leading positions within Volvo, Uddeholm, Sapa, and Esselte Dymo. His research interests include industrial effectiveness, product planning and realization, materials, product and production development, and manufacturing engineering and systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1162 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Design-Driven Living Lab: A New Approach to Exploring Solutions to Complex Societal Challenges %A Rens Brankaert %A Elke den Ouden %K design %K Living lab %K societal challenges %K technology probe %X In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of a design-driven living lab as an innovative approach to addressing societal challenges. This living lab incorporates design qualities such as exploration, open-ended results, and disruption. This approach was applied in three case studies within the context of dementia, each of which explored the impact of Qwiek.up – a media system that creates an ambient experience in a room through projection and sound. A cluster analysis of the results in the three case studies showed that the system has considerable potential for people with dementia, and possibly also for other groups. In addition, the design-driven approach led to new applications in care, improved functionality, and a broader design space. Our findings show that design-driven living labs can widen the scope of innovation and improve the value proposition of an innovative solution. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1049 %N 1 %1 Eindhoven University of Technology Rens Brankaert is an Assistant Professor working on design for “Active & Healthy Ageing” within the Business Process Design group in the Department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. He received his PhD early in 2016 for work related to design for people with dementia involving the application of living labs. In this work, he aimed to build a bridge between a design-based approach and current healthcare practices. %2 Eindhoven University of Technology Elke den Ouden is based at the Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship Management Group in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. As a TU/e Fellow and Strategic Director of TU/e LightHouse, she forges links between research and industry. Her long history at Philips, including in the role of group leader, has provided her with the network and expertise needed to do perform her current role. Elke operates as the TU/e living lab expert and regularly publishes on this topic. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1049 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Realistic Creativity Training for Innovation Practitioners: The Know–Recognize–React Model %A Dagny Valgeirsdottir %A Balder Onarheim %K co-creation %K cognitive creativity %K creative awareness %K creative process %K creativity %K creativity training %K front-end innovation %K innovation process %K metacognition %K transdisciplinary %X Creativity is increasingly being recognized as important raw material for innovation, which highlights the importance of identifying ways to increase the creativity of practitioners. In this article, we describe our efforts to design a creativity training program specifically for innovation practitioners. Our aim was to develop a program that would be both theoretically sound (i.e., based on a rigorous scientific foundation) and relevant for practitioners (i.e., applicable to real-world contexts). Our transdisciplinary study employed co-creation as a method to ensure that three layers of focus would be taken into consideration: metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and metacognitive control. The result is a program called Creative Awareness Training, which is based on the new Know–Recognize–React model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-15 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1080 %N 6 %1 Technical University of Denmark Dagny Valgeirsdottir is a PhD researcher and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. Her research focuses on developing ways to enhance individual creativity by optimizing creativity training through the application of metacognitive approaches. She is the author of numerous articles on the topic and is currently working on finalizing her dissertation. Dagny furthermore contributes to the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity, which is an institute devoted to enhancing creativity of individuals and teams applying principles from neuroscience. %2 Technical University of Denmark Balder Onarheim is Associate Professor in Creativity and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. His expertise lies within a neurobiological understanding of creativity and methods to use this understanding to improve individuals’ capabilities in creative problem solving. Balder is moreover the founder of the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity and the CEO at PlatoScience, which is making a neurostimulator to enhance performance in knowledge work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1080 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Collaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities %A Jukka Ojasalo %A Heini Kauppinen %K collaboration %K collaborative innovation %K innovation intermediaries %K innovation platform %K PPPP %K public innovation %K public–private–people partnership %K smart city %K urban development %X Despite the rapid increase of public–private–people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 49-60 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1041 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jukka Ojasalo is a Professor and current Head of the Master of Business Administration Degree Programme at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and Adjunct Professor at Aalto University School of Business and Helsinki University Faculty of Social Sciences. He completed his PhD at Hanken Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration in Helsinki, Finland in 1999. Previously, he was Professor of Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology as well as at Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several years in the IT industry and for the Finnish government. He has published two textbooks and many articles on service, customer relationships, networks, and innovation. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Heini Kauppinen is an experienced service design professional who holds an MBA from Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland. As a student, she was a member of the research group for this study the opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors. Her work and research interests include service innovation and design, co-creation, and project management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1041 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Integrating Open Innovation Platforms in Public Sector Decision Making: Empirical Results from Smart City Research %A Jukka Ojasalo %A Lassi Tähtinen %K collaborative innovation %K innovation intermediary %K open innovation platform %K public decision making %K smart city %X The purpose of this article is to increase knowledge of integrating an open innovation platform into public sector decision-making processes. Many of the distinctive characteristics of public sector decision-making processes pose a challenge for innovation collaboration with external actors. Often, external actors are not aware of these distinctive characteristics, or they find it very difficult to adapt to them. Particularly SMEs and startups find it difficult to adjust their operation to public sector decision-making processes. The existing literature includes very little knowledge of how such an innovation platform, which is an intermediary between a city and external actors, relates to the city’s decision-making processes. Still, this is an important issue considering the prerequisites of the success of an innovation platform. This qualitative explorative study is based on data from in-depth interviews and co-creative multi-actor workshops with participants from city governments and other organizations. It proposes a model of open innovation platform for public sector decision making in a city. The article contributes to the literature dealing with innovation intermediaries as well as public sector decision making in enhancement of innovation. It identifies and introduces three different kinds of relationships that are present and partly interwoven in open innovation platforms and intermediary organizations: governing, sparring, and collaborative. The prosed model shows a practical way of organizing the three types of relationships of an innovation platform with the city’s decision making and external actors. The model also helps in combining different decision-making cultures between the public, private, and third sectors in the context of collaborative innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 38-48 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1040 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jukka Ojasalo is a Professor and current Head of the Master of Business Administration Degree Programme at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and Adjunct Professor at Aalto University School of Business and Helsinki University Faculty of Social Sciences. He completed his PhD at Hanken Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration in Helsinki, Finland in 1999. Previously, he was Professor of Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology as well as at Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several years in the IT industry and for the Finnish government. He has published two textbooks and many articles on service, customer relationships, networks, and innovation. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Lassi Tähtinen is a Research Assistant at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland, where he holds a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Management. As described in this study, his current research is focused on a project aimed at developing a framework for an open innovation platform/intermediary between a smart city and the private sector/third sector. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1040 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Revealing Hidden Innovation: Patterns of External Innovation Investment in Australian Businesses %A Kieran O’Brien %K Australia %K external investment %K hidden innovation %K innovation investment %X Recent theory and literature suggests that many businesses now innovate based on the adoption and modification of knowledge, technology, and innovations sourced externally rather than developed in-house. Yet, little is known about the value and economic impact of expenditures on outsourced innovation activities, which are often referred to as "hidden innovation" by many scholars. The issue is due largely to a lack of consistent measurement, available data, and analyses of expenditures on hidden innovation. In contrast, there is a long history of cross-country data collection on in-house research and development (R&D) activities and costs, and much research focuses on innovations involving in-house R&D effort. This study reviews results from a survey aimed at collecting new economy-wide data on external innovation investments in Australia. The results estimate total unmeasured or "hidden" investment in external innovation activities by Australian businesses at $3.5 to $4 billion in 2014, an amount large enough to stimulate important economic activity and warrant future research. This article discusses the implications of these results for policy, business strategy, and future research on innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 41-48 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/996 %N 6 %1 Australian Innovation Research Centre Kieran O'Brien is a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian Innovation Research Centre (AIRC) at the University of Tasmania, Australia. His role involves ongoing management of the AIRC's Tasmanian Innovation Census (TIC) project and related research. Kieran's research interests focus on innovation measurement and innovation activities in the business sector, particularly in low-tech industries where innovation often occurs through a diffusion-adoption process. Related interests include the different modes of innovation, innovation capability and innovation policy as they relate to economic development. Kieran has previously worked in management, research and policy analysis roles in Commonwealth Government agencies including the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Department of Education, Science and Training. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/996 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Sustainable Innovation: A Competitive Advantage for Innovation Ecosystems %A Kaisa Oksanen %A Antti Hautamäki %K innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K sustainability %K sustainable innovation %K well-being %X In this article, we elaborate the emerging concept of sustainable innovation and analyze the relevance of innovation as a means to solve wicked problems and enhancing sustainable well-being. We also examine the changing conditions for innovation creation: building global knowledge hubs and local innovation ecosystems. As a result, the drivers of innovation and opportunities to utilize the untapped innovation potential of people outside traditional innovation contexts are expanded and diversified. Ultimately, the success of sustainable innovation constitutes its impact on the well-being of people and vice versa: sustainable well-being is an important source of innovation and growth. The article adds to the conceptual development of sustainable innovation and its motivation, which lies in combining competitiveness, the well-being of people, and inclusive solutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 24-30 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/934 %N 10 %1 Prime Minister’s Office, Finland Kaisa Oksanen, PhD, is a Senior Specialist at the Prime Minister’s Office, Finland. Her key expertise is related to foresight, socio-technical change, and innovation ecosystems. Previously, she worked at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, working with foresight and bio-economy transition. Her background is in social and political sciences, and she has done research on systemic innovation, futures studies, science and innovation policy, service innovation, and sustainable well-being. She has also worked as a research coordinator and innovation researcher in the Agora Center at the University of Jyväskylä and in Finland’s Futures Research Centre at the University of Turku. %2 University of Jyväskylä Antti Hautamäki, PhD, now a Professor Emeritus, was a Research Professor of Service Innovation and the Director of Agora Center at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. Antti has published and edited about thirty books and published two hundred articles about philosophy, cognitive science, and innovation. Currently, he works in his firm: Consulting Sustainable Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/934 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Toward a New Understanding of Creative Dynamics: From One-Size-Fits-All Models to Multiple and Dynamic Forms of Creativity %A Stephen Cummings %A Chris Bilton %A dt ogilvie %K action-embedded creativity %K creative dynamics %K creativities %K creativity %K creativitying %K innovation %K management %X This article proposes an alternative to a managerial "best practice" approach to creativity based on the notion of creativity as a singular concept. Our alternative draws on three fundamental ideas that are emerging in different pockets of the creativity literature in a way that can be readily conceptualized and applied in practice. The first idea is that creativity is really about "creativities", or a cluster of different and discrete qualities that can be combined to suit the context in which they operate. The second is that creativity is not static: it is about "creativitying", or the action and the practice of combining these creativities, which evolve over time. The third is that being creative in organizations is not an individual act: rather, it is the multiple activities of groups as they go about creativitying. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 14-24 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/910 %N 7 %1 Victoria University of Wellington Stephen Cummings is Professor of Strategy and ICMCI Academic Fellow at Victoria Business School, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has published on strategy, creativity, and management history in a range of journals including the Academy of Management Learning and Education Journal, Academy of Management Perspectives, Human Relations, Long Range Planning, and Organization Studies. He has also written, co-written and edited a number of books promoting creative approaches to strategy development. These include Recreating Strategy (2002), Images of Strategy (2003), Creative Strategy (2010), The Handbook of Management and Creativity (2014), and Strategy Builder: How to Create and Communicate More Effective Strategies (2015). %2 University of Warwick Chris Bilton is Reader in the Centre for Cultural Policy Studies at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, where he specializes in management of creativity and creativity of management. He is the author, editor, and co-author of several books on creative management and creative strategy and teaches modules on creative business and marketing. Chris has a background in theatre and in community arts, which he gained before entering the world of academia. His research interests include: leadership, strategy, and structure in creative organizations; cultural policy and the creative industries; and structure of the creative economy. He is currently working on a book about marketing in the creative industries, for publication in 2016. %3 Saunders College of Business/Rochester Institute of Technology dt ogilvie is Distinguished Professor of Urban Entrepreneurship and former Dean of Saunders College of Business at Rochester Institute of Technology, in New York, United States, where she founded the Center for Urban Entrepreneurship (CUE). She is formerly Professor of Business Strategy & Urban Entrepreneurship at Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick (RBS), where she founded The Center for Urban Entrepreneurship & Economic Development (CUEED) and the Scholarship Training and Enrichment Program (STEP). She has published in top journals and five of her research papers have been recognized with research awards. Her research interests include strategic decision making and the use of creativity to enhance business and battlefield decision making and applying complexity theory to strategy and creativity; executive leadership strategies of multicultural women executives; women in the executive suite; strategic thinking in the 21st century; cognition and strategic decision making; entrepreneurship and economic development of urban cities; and assessing environmental dimensions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/910 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Protecting Critical Infrastructure by Identifying Pathways of Exposure to Risk %A Philip O’Neill %K critical infrastructure %K cybersecurity %K directed graph %K modelling %K path analysis %K risk analysis %K simulation %K strongest-path method %X Increasingly, our critical infrastructure is managed and controlled by computers and the information networks that connect them. Cyber-terrorists and other malicious actors understand the economic and social impact that a successful attack on these systems could have. While it is imperative that we defend against such attacks, it is equally imperative that we realize how best to react to them. This article presents the strongest-path method of analyzing all potential pathways of exposure to risk – no matter how indirect or circuitous they may be – in a network model of infrastructure and operations. The method makes direct use of expert knowledge about entities and dependency relationships without the need for any simulation or any other models. By using path analysis in a directed graph model of critical infrastructure, planners can model and assess the effects of a potential attack and develop resilient responses. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 34-40 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/714 %N 8 %1 Deep Logic Solutions Philip O'Neill is Chief Scientist at Deep Logic Solutions Inc. He holds a PhD in Combinatorics and Optimization from the University of Waterloo, Canada. He is a specialist in operational research and risk analysis, and has additional expertise in mathematical modelling, quantitative analysis, algorithms, and decision support. His career has included 17 years of practice in the Operational Research Division of the Department of National Defence (DND); he has served as chairman of the NATO Panel 7 Specialist Team on the Evaluation of Readiness and Sustainment Policy; and he was chosen by the DND to model dependency relationships among infrastructures in Canada as part of risk analysis for the millennium turnover. Since 2001, he has designed and managed the software development of RiskOutLook, an analytical tool for risk analysis that identifies and quantifies risks that result from dependency relationships. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/714 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Sustainability of Open Collaborative Communities: Analyzing Recruitment Efficiency %A Kevin Crowston %A Nicolas Jullien %A Felipe Ortega %K DEA modeling %K efficiency %K recruitment %K Wikipedia %X Extensive research has been conducted over the past years to improve our understanding of sustainability conditions for large-scale collaborative projects, especially from an economic and governance perspective. However, the influence of recruitment and retention of participants in these projects has received comparatively less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, these concerns are significant for practitioners, especially regarding the apparently decreasing ability of the main open online projects to attract and retain new contributors. A possible explanation for this decrease is that those projects have simply reached a mature state of development. Marwell and Oliver (1993) and Oliver, Marwell, and Teixeira (1985) note that, at the initial stage in collective projects, participants are few and efforts are costly; in the diffusion phase, the number of participants grows, as their efforts are rewarding; and in the mature phase, some inefficiency may appear as the number of contributors is greater than required for the work. In this article, we examine this possibility. We use original data from 36 Wikipedias in different languages to compare their efficiency in recruiting participants. We chose Wikipedia because the different language projects are at different states of development, but are quite comparable on the other aspects, providing a test of the impact of development on efficiency. Results confirm that most of the largest Wikipedias seem to be characterized by a reduced return to scale. As a result, we can draw interesting conclusions that can be useful for practitioners, facilitators, and managers of collaborative projects in order to identify key factors potentially influencing the adequate development of their communities over the medium-to-long term. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 20-26 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/646 %N 1 %1 Syracuse University Kevin Crowston is a Distinguished Professor of Information Science at the Syracuse University School of Information Studies (aka the iSchool). He is currently on a temporary rotation as a Program Director for the Human-Centered Computing Program at the US National Science Foundation in the Information and Intelligent Systems Division of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate. His research examines new ways of organizing made possible by the extensive use of information technology. %2 Telecom Bretagne Nicolas Jullien is an Associate Professor at the LUSSI Department of Telecom Bretagne (Brest, France). His research interests are on the organization and the attractiveness of open, online communities (Linux, Wikipedia). Most of his papers are available at SSRN. %3 University Rey Juan Carlos Felipe Ortega is a Researcher in the Department of Statistics and Operations Research at University Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid, Spain. He is also a part-time Associate Professor at University Alfonso X El Sabio, teaching courses in the Information and Communication Technologies Department. His research is focused on open online communities, with emphasis on data retrieval, replicability, and data analysis. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/646 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Communication Enabled Applications: What are the IP Considerations for Platform Providers? %A Patrick O'Halloran %X A platform of CEA building blocks, such as the out-of-the-box capabilities of the Coral CEA Sandbox, provides companies with the capability to quickly build new innovative products and services. Key considerations for users of the sandbox include intellectual property, licensing, and any other dependencies inherited from use of the sandbox assets. This article presents some background on this topic and examples of how to address the associated implications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/350 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Xilinx Patrick O'Halloran is a graduate of the Computer Engineering Program from University of Limerick, Ireland. He is currently studying Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University's Department of Systems and Computer Engineering. Mr. O'Halloran is a Staff Design Engineer with Xilinx Inc. (http://www.xilinx.com), within the Xilinx Design Services group, and has been working on varied consultancy projects in this role for the past 10 years. These projects have centered around Xilinx's FPGA technologies and their application to many industry verticals. He has varied interests which range from Technology Innovation, Real-Time systems and IPR in the technology domain. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Strategies for Selling Services %A Patrick O'Halloran %X With the service economy on the ascension, companies are yearning for mechanisms to connect their service solutions to their customer's problems, and have the customer acknowledge that their solution is the best. In order to meet these requirements, the foundations of the model used to deploy such solutions need to be concrete. The solution must capture the fundamental nature of the target markets and embody all of the customers' expectations. This article reviews literature that will inform the development of these models and identifies relevant strategies to enable growth options around service-based solutions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/388 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 Xilinx Inc. Patrick O'Halloran is a graduate of the Computer Engineering Program from the University of Limerick in Ireland and has just completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He is a Staff Design Engineer with Xilinx Inc., within the Xilinx Design Services group, and has been working on varied consultancy projects in this role for the past 10 years. These projects have centered around Xilinx's FPGA technologies and their application to many industry verticals. He has varied interests which range from consultancy services, technology innovation, real-time systems and IPR in the technology domain. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Developing a Portal for Open Source Creation: A Brief Study %A Karen Opas-Lanouette %X This article discusses the historic genesis of one company's development of a portal and platform system that enables creators and their fans to work collaboratively between different mediums such as sequential art, graphica, concept, gaming, film/TV, and music. We examine challenges that arose and which are common to many startups. These include the protection of the intellectual property rights (IPR) of all parties, using open source software development to develop the portal, and the financial and personal toll that arises over the course of a startup?s journey. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/295 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 Ucreate Media Karen Opas-Lanouette, the editor for Ucreate Media and a lifelong fan of sequential arts, is inspired by the collaborative, borderless possibilities of open source creation. She has a background in the visual arts and as a professional writer/editor whose work has appeared in The Globe and Mail and Saturday Night Magazine.