%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Innovation Management in Living Lab Projects: The Innovatrix Framework %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Aron-Levi Herregodts %A Annabel Georges %A Olivier Rits %K assumption %K business modelling %K Innovation management %K living labs %K testing %K user research %K validation %X Despite living labs being described as “orchestrators” and innovation intermediaries, there is scant literature providing concrete guidelines and tools for living lab practitioners on the topic of project-related innovation management. To address this need, we propose Innovatrix, an innovation management framework built upon existing business model and innovation management tools and frameworks and iterated based on practical experience in living lab projects. In this article, we illustrate the added value of the proposed framework through three practical case studies that lead to three propositions regarding innovation management in living lab projects. First, Innovatrix helps to scope the user involvement activities, which leads to greater efficiency and faster decision making. Second, Innovatrix forces the project owner to focus on a limited number of customer segments, which increases the speed of learning as the scarce entrepreneurial resources are dedicated to a limited number of segments. Third, Innovatrix allows practitioners to capture the iterations and pivots that were made during an innovation project, which helps to link specific outcomes with certain living lab activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 63-73 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1225 %N 3 %1 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %2 imec.livinglabs Aron-Levi Herregodts is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs. He holds Master’s degrees in Communication Sciences (2013) and Complementary Business Economics (2014). He is the imec.livinglabs product owner of Innovatrix and applies this methodological approach on a day-to-day basis to a wide-variety of innovation projects. %3 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs. Within this “living-lab-as-a-service” she conducts user research to structurally support innovation development for SMEs. Next to this, she is also involved in several smart city projects. Her main research topics are drop-out and user engagement within field tests and working on the processes of current living lab practices. Annabel holds a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences with a specialization in New Media and Society from Ghent University. %4 imec.livinglabs Olivier Rits is Program Manager at imec.livinglabs. He holds a Master’s degree in Applied Physics (Engineering) from Ghent University in Belgium. Previously, Olivier worked as a business developer for Alcatel-Lucent, where he was involved with many different technologies, and for the research group SMIT, where he was responsible for the business modelling practice in the context of SME living lab innovation projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1225 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Framework for Field Testing in Living Lab Innovation Projects %A Lynn Coorevits %A Annabel Georges %A Dimitri Schuurman %K context research %K field test %K living labs %K testing %K user innovation %X Within innovation research and, more specifically, living lab projects, a crucial component is to test an innovation in a real-life context with potential end users. Such a field test can validate assumptions by combining insights on behaviour and attitudes towards the innovation. This allows for iterative tailoring of the innovation to the needs and wants of the potential end users. Moreover, relevant insights can be gathered to stop or rescope the innovation project before big investments are made. Although studies indicate that testing innovations (or prototypes) in real-life contexts improves the innovation process, there is no specific framework on how to conduct a field test for an innovation. This is important because, in living lab field tests, users are actively involved in co-creating the solutions, which impacts the operational side of setting up living lab projects. Therefore, within this article, we propose a framework for field testing based on the degree to which it reflects reality and the stage within the living lab process. We distinguish four types of field tests: concept, mock-up, pilot, and go2market field test. Based on this framework, we propose some practical guidelines for setting up living lab field tests. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 40-50 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1204 %N 12 %1 imec.livinglabs Lynn Coorevits is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs, where she is responsible for tools and methodologies that improve testing in living labs. She is also affiliated to the imec-mict-ugent department Ghent University in Belgium as a Senior User Researcher. She holds master degrees in Psychology and Marketing Analysis from Ghent University and has over 10 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %2 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is a User Specialist at imec.livinglabs. Within this “living-lab-as-a-service” she conducts user research to structurally support innovation development for SMEs. Next to this, she is also involved in several smart city projects. Her main research topics are drop-out and user engagement within field tests and working on the processes of current living lab practices. Annabel holds a Master in Communication Sciences degree with a specialization in New Media and Society at Ghent University. %3 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1204 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Drop-Out Behaviour in Living Lab Field Tests %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Annabel Georges %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn %K drop-out %K field test %K Living lab %K taxonomy %K user engagement %K user motivation %X The concept of a “living lab” is a relatively new research area and phenomenon that facilitates user engagement in open innovation activities. Studies on living labs show that the users’ motivation to participate in a field test is higher at the beginning of the project than during the rest of the test, and that participants have a tendency to drop out before completing the assigned tasks. However, the literature still lacks theories describing the phenomenon of drop-out within the area of field tests in general and living lab field tests in particular. As the first step in constructing a theoretical discourse, the aims of this study are to present an empirically derived taxonomy for the various factors that influence drop-out behaviour; to provide a definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests; and to understand the extent to which each of the identified items influence participant drop-out behaviour. To achieve these aims, we first extracted factors influencing drop-out behaviour in the field test from our previous studies on the topic, and then we validated the extracted results across 14 semi-structured interviews with experts in living lab field tests. Our findings show that identified reasons for dropping out can be grouped into three themes: innovation-related, process-related, and participant-related. Each theme consists of three categories with a total of 44 items. In this study, we also propose a unified definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-21 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1155 %N 5 %1 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab research, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has previously worked in information technology (IT) projects for more than 13 years as a project leader and project manager as well as software designer and developer. He is currently involved in international innovation and research projects such as UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %2 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is a User Specialist at imec.livinglabs in Belgium. Annabel holds a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. Since 2013, she has worked at imec.livinglabs, where she has conducted research for more than 15 innovation projects. Her main interests are contextual research, field tests, and working on improvements on current living lab practices. %3 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a Professor of Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, and Managing Director of Botnia Living Lab in Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna’s research is related to different application areas such as smart cities, domestic IT use, and online privacy. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %4 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %# Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing; and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published several articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1155 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Overcoming Barriers to Experimentation in Business-to-Business Living Labs %A Ruben D’Hauwers %A Aron-Levi Herregodts %A Annabel Georges %A Lynn Coorevits %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Olivier Rits %A Pieter Ballon %K B2B %K experimentation %K living labs %K testing %K user research %X Business-to-business (B2B) living lab projects have been mentioned in different areas of academic research, but the innovation management literature requires deeper analysis of their potential opportunities and challenges. Real-life experimentation is a key requirement for living labs as it enables deeper insights in the potential success of innovations. However, the literature has not provided insights on how living lab projects can implement real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects and does not describe appropriate conditions for experimentation in these settings. In this study, we identified three main barriers preventing real-life experimentation in B2B living lab projects: the technological complexity, the need for integration, and the difficulty in identifying testers. The barriers are discussed in detailed and potential solutions are provided to help overcome these barriers and stimulate the adoption of real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 20-26 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1054 %N 2 %1 imec – SMIT – VUB Ruben D’Hauwers is a Researcher at imec-SMIT-VUB in Belgium. He holds a master’s degrees in Business Engineering (2011) and Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2013). He has also worked in the field of business development in two different organizations. He joined imec in 2014 and focuses on business-to-business research, business modelling, and on capturing and validating the assumptions throughout the innovation process. %2 imec – MICT – Ghent University Aron-Levi Herregodts is a User Expert at imec.livinglabs and an affiliated researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds master’s degrees in Communication Sciences (2013) and Complementary Business Economics (2014). As a user expert, his role is to translate user behaviour, needs, and wants into tangible recommendations to provide structure to the innovation process of both SMEs and large organizations. His main research interests include open innovation, user innovation, organizational learning, intermediary activities, and user-centric design and methodologies. He is also preparing a PhD on the configuration of intermediary user-oriented activities with innovation-relevant actors for distinct types of entrepreneurs and innovations. %3 imec – MICT – Ghent University Annabel Georges is a Junior Researcher in the research group at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds a master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. Her main interests are domestication theory, field tests, and improvements to living lab practices. %4 imec – MICT – Ghent University Lynn Coorevits is a Senior User Researcher for imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium, where she focuses on tools and techniques for open and user innovation, such as sensors and design thinking. Her current research focuses on the adoption and attrition of wearables as well as optimization of context integration in living lab projects. She works on several SME living lab projects ranging from the financial to social industry. She holds master’s degrees in Psychology and in Marketing Analysis from Ghent University and has 9 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %# imec – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %$ SMIT Olivier Rits holds a master’s degree in Applied Physics (Engineering) from the Ghent University in Belgium. Previously, Olivier worked as a business developer for Alcatel-Lucent, where he was involved with many different technologies. Within SMIT, Olivier is leading the business modelling practice in the context of SME living lab innovation projects. With a team of researchers, he is organizing business model workshops and stakeholder interviews to apply business model methodologies to link the user feedback and insights to the business model aspects of the SME’s strategy. Olivier is also involved in business modelling efforts in research projects dealing with ICT in general, with a specific interest in M2M and IoT and mobile telecommunications. %] imec.livinglabs Pieter Ballon is the Academic Lead of imec.livinglabs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and Director of the research group imec-SMIT at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was Senior Consultant and Team Leader at TNO. From 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union’s 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and an MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1054 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Factors Affecting the Attrition of Test Users During Living Lab Field Trials %A Annabel Georges %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Koen Vervoort %K attrition %K drop-out %K field trial %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user engagement %K user involvement %X Next to active user involvement and a multi-method approach, a third major principle within living lab research consists of capturing the real-life context in which an innovation is used by end users. Field trials are a method to study the interaction of test users with an innovation in the context of use. However, when conducting field trials, there are several reasons why users stop participating in research activities, a phenomenon labelled as attrition. In this article, we elaborate on drop-outs during field trials by analyzing three post-trial surveys of living lab field trials. Our results show that several factors related to the innovation, as well as related to the field trial setup, play a role in attrition, including the lack of added value of the innovation and the extent to which the innovation satisfies the needs and time restrictions of test users. Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for managers to reduce attrition during field trials. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 35-44 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/959 %N 1 %1 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Annabel Georges is a Junior Researcher in the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds a Master's degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. In her master's thesis, Social Media from A to Z: The Role of Media Coaches in the Diffusion of Social Media Literacy within the Library as an Organization, she used social network analysis to study the diffusion of social media literacy with library staff. At iMinds, her main interests are social innovation and the factors that motivate test users to participate in field trials. %2 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Koen Vervoort manages and coordinates panels within living lab settings within one of the first living lab organizations in Europe: iMinds Living Labs in Belgium. He also represents iMinds within large Flemish and European living lab projects, hosts workshops, benchmarks internal processes within the entire living lab community (and beyond), oversees an internal quality survey, and organizes fieldwork for iMinds' flagship, Digimeter, a report that tracks the ownership and use of media (technology) among the Flemish population. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/959