%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Closer Look at Living Labs and Higher Education using a Scoping Review %A Renée van den Heuvel %A Susy Braun %A Manon de Bruin %A Ramon Daniëls %K approaches %K definitions %K higher education %K key elements %K Living lab %K scoping review %X As society changes rapidly, there is a need to educate professionals who contribute to innovation and complex adaptations in organizations. As part of this education, companies, governmental bodies and other stakeholders have sought collaboration on complex issues in "living labs". Living labs are recognized as educational environments to prepare students in higher education for future roles. The aim of this article is to explore the nature and extent of the scientific literature about living labs in which actors in higher education actively participate. In total, 21 articles were included in this scoping review. Research into this topic appears to be relatively new. Definitions of living labs are mostly in line with the definition used by the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL), with its large variation of lab locations. Few results about organization and governance were identified. Different lessons learned regarding processes, interaction and requirements for successful living labs were found. The design of learning is mostly described by learning activities. Learning outcomes are described in generic and specific competences and assessments in living labs are rarely described. The authors recommend more detailed studies into aspects of the successful participation of higher education to gain knowledge about enhancing learning outcomes, and the effects of educational activities within living lab environments. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 30-40 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1463 %N 9/10 %1 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Renée van den Heuvel, PhD is a post-doctoral researcher at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Reseach Centre for Assistive Technology in Care. In 2018, she finished her PhD about robots that support play in children with severe physical disabilities. During this project she became interested in sustainable collaboration with health care practise, research, and education, for example, in living labs. Next to her research activities about living labs, Renée is a lecturer in the occupational therapy department and lecturer-practitioner at the Multidisciplinary Care and Innovation Centre Zuyd-Adelante at the Adelante rehabilitation centre. %2 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Susy Braun, PhD (Health, Medicine and Life Sciences) is a professor of Applied Science. Her research focusses on the development, evaluation, and implementation of personalized intervention programs, along with the potential role of technology. Co-creation, working with multiple stakeholders and involving client representatives play an essential role in her research. Dr. Braun is head of the Research Center of Nutrition, Lifestyle and Exercise at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences. %3 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Manon de Bruin is head of department of the academy for occupational therapy at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences. She is chairman of the head of departments of the Health and Welfare domain of Zuyd University, project leader of the Multidisciplinary Care and Innovation Centre Zuyd-Adelante, project leader of the Innovation team for technology and E-Health working on curriculum in the Health and Welfare domain of Zuyd University, and program manager EIZT, Expertise Centre for Innovative Care and Technology. %4 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Ramon Daniels, PhD, is a professor at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences and head of the Research Centre for Assistive Technology in Care. His research focusses on the design, evaluation, and implementation of interventions with assistive technology in long term care. Further, he is appointed at Maastricht University and at an elderly care institution, Sevagram, respectively doing research on innovation readiness of care organizations and supporting the organization to become innovation ready. %& 30 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1463 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Expect the Unexpected: Investigating co-creation projects in a Living Lab %A Katharina De Vita %A Riccardo De Vita %K co-creation %K innovation %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K Open innovation %X Living Labs (LLs) are complex multi-stakeholder environments that enable real-life testing and experimentation of products, services, and systems. Despite increasing attention by practitioners as well as policymakers, and growing scholarly interest in the field, the literature exploring congruency between organisational objectives and outcomes when utilising LLs is still scarce. To fill this gap, a qualitative case study is employed to gain an in-depth understanding of objectives and project outcomes of organisations utilising LLs. The LL JOSEPHS® was chosen as this study's empirical context, in which 14 different projects were analysed. In-depth interviews revealed eight categories of measurable project outcomes: market acceptance, price acceptability, exposure, product testing, market intelligence, legitimisation, method testing, and networking. This study not only highlights what companies have achieved in comparison to their original project objectives, but also identifies additional unplanned outcomes that they accomplished. The findings offer important project-level insights into the potential and limitations of LLs. The results form a basis upon which to develop a better understanding of how innovation performance can be nurtured in LLs. Insights from the study may also help firms and facilitators by providing a deeper understanding of LLs at an individual project-level, and by articulating potential objectives and outcomes associated with organisations' involvement in LLs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-20 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1461 %N 9/10 %1 University of Greenwich Katharina De Vita is Lecturer in Creativity and Innovation in the Department for Systems Management and Strategy at the University of Greenwich Business School. Prior to joining the University of Greenwich, she was Research Associate at the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (CSTI) at the University of Cambridge. Katharina holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge and a master’s degree from the London School of Economics. Her main research interests are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. She has published journal articles, conference papers, and blogs on living labs. %2 University of Greenwich Riccardo De Vita is Associate Professor in Management at the University of Greenwich, where he is also Head of Department – Human Resources and Organisational Behaviour. Riccardo obtained his PhD at Universita’ Carlo Cattaneo – LIUC. Riccardo’s research interests lie in the field of innovation management, higher education management, and organisational networks. He regularly takes part in commissioned research projects, where he applies his expertise in Social Network Analysis. Riccardo has extensive leadership experience in both the public and private Higher Education sector. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1461 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Human Factors in Living Lab Research %A Nele A.J. De Witte %A Leen Broeckx %A Sascha Vermeylen %A Vicky Van Der Auwera %A Tom Van Daele %K human factors %K Living lab %K methodology %K safety %K usability %X Human factors research is still in its infancy in healthcare and other fields. Yet it has the potential to allow organisations and living labs to assess and improve innovation quality, while closely involving potential end users. "Human factors" involve a scientific focus on the interaction between individuals and systems with the goal of improving safety, performance, and user acceptability. Studies simulating challenging real-life circumstances in selected samples and using a multi-method approach can provide important insights for organisations and governments and allow for better and safer services for the end user. By combining existing theory and case examples, the current paper aims to situate human factors research and to help researchers determine when and how this methodology could be applied. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 21-29 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1462 %N 9/10 %1 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Nele A.J. De Witte is the scientific coordinator of LiCalab Living and Care Lab, where she is committed to the scientific valorization of living lab methodologies and supports the design of high-quality user research. She is also a senior researcher at the Expertise Unit Psychology, Technology & Society of Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), with specialization in e-mental health and attitudes towards technology in mental healthcare. She holds a PhD in Psychology and has 10 years of research experience, mostly in the field of practice-oriented research. %2 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Leen Broeckx is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium) where she started working in 2013 as a panel manager for LiCalab Living and Care Lab. Within the team, Leen is responsible for the community of end users. She supports projects with recruitment, facilitation, and reporting. She is an expert in co-creation methodologies. She holds a master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. %3 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Sascha Vermeylen is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium). In 2018, she kicked off her career as a junior panel manager at LiCalab Living and Care Lab. Sascha manages the end user panel, alongside Leen Broeckx, and maintains the segmented database that consists of ca 1,500 elderly persons, and more than 600 caregivers and care organizations. She supports projects with recruitment of end-users and facilitates testing and reporting to companies. She holds a master’s degree in social economic sciences from the University of Antwerp and has completed Academic Teacher Training. %4 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Vicky Van Der Auwera is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), which she helped to start in 2012, in close collaboration with the City of Turnhout. She is currently responsible for the operational management of LiCalab. In that capacity she leads both EU-projects as well as private assignments. Vicky holds a master’s degree in Engineering Sciences from Brussels University Belgium, where she graduated as a civil mechanical-electrical engineer. Prior to her current position, she worked for 14 years in a private sector area of mechanical engineering as Research Manager. %# Thomas More University of Applied Sciences Tom Van Daele is head of the Expertise Unit Psychology, Technology & Society at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), and convenor of the Project Group on eHealth of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations. As a clinical psychologist (PhD), he focuses primarily on translating insights and tools from theory to practice-oriented applications and services. His primary field of research is e-mental health, the use of technology in mental healthcare. This practice-oriented focus is also supplemented with more basic research, through his positions at both KU Leuven and Queen’s University Belfast. %& 21 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1462 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Review of Living Lab Research and Methods for User Involvement %A Judy Hong Huang %A Elisa Thomas %K bibliometric analysis %K co-creation %K literature review %K Living lab %K user involvement %X Living lab initiatives attempt to solve challenges by stimulating innovative collaboration and outcomes, which unfold in multifarious activities. This study investigates the progress of Living lab research over time. It explores its current trends, along with methods and tools used by Living labs for user involvement. By employing a two-step approach, the study first presents a bibliometric analysis of 535 publications, including detection of convergence towards areas like the aging problem of societies, smart cities, Urban Living labs, and overall sustainability. Urban Living lab clusters have been growing rapidly and forming their own research domain. Subsequently, a review of 42 empirical papers explores the methods and tools adopted by Living labs for user involvement during the innovation process. We categorize the methods into the following eight groups: 1) Structured interaction, 2) Flexible interaction, 3) Extended network, 4) Special actors, 5) Learning and engaging, 6) Design approaches; 7) Techniques, 8) Operational guidelines. The study contributes both to theoretical and practice-oriented Living lab research and offers potential support especially to practitioners. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 88-107 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1467 %N 9/10 %1 University of Stavanger Judy Hong Huang is a Ph.D. candidate at the Business School, University of Stavanger, Norway. She works with a research project named “Releasing the Power of Users - articulating user interests to accelerate new innovative pathways in digital health and welfare sector”. It is a four-year international project funded by the Norwegian Research Council. Her study belongs to its work package 2, “Creating boundary innovation space” with a special interest in living labs, their user-driven or user-inspired innovations, and methods for user involvement. %2 Nord University Elisa Thomas is an Associate Professor at Nord University (Norway) and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Stavanger (Norway). She is a leader of the Academic Division in Competences, Behaviour, and Culture for Innovation at the Brazilian Academy of Management (ANPAD), and a leader of the Special Interest Group on Responsible Innovation at the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Her research interests include entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems, the role of universities in regional development, start-up incubators, technology parks, and open innovation intermediaries. %& 88 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1467 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Rural Living Labs: Inclusive Digital Transformation in the Countryside %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Johanna Lindberg %A Mari Runardotter %A Yomn Elmistikawy %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Diana Chronéer %K Components %K digital transformation %K Living lab %K Rural living lab %K Rural residents %K user engagement %X Digital transformation (DT) has received increasing attention in recent years. Up until now, most of the current studies focus on digital transformation in advanced and dense societies, especially urban areas and technologies. Hence, the phenomenon of DT is under-researched in the context of rural and sparsely populated contexts. This study aims at exploring how a rural living lab (RLL) can be shaped and how this approach can be designed to support digital transformation processes in rural contexts. In so doing, following a design science research methodology (DSRM) approach, we have made an artefact (that is, RLL framework) that is an "instantiation" that supports user centric digitalization of rural areas. The designed framework is developed based on the key components of "traditional" and "urban" living labs, as well as empirical data which was collected within the context of the DigiBy project. The DigiBy project aims at conducting DT pilots in rural areas to elevate peoples' understanding of digitalization and the application of digitalization opportunities for service development in rural areas in the north of Sweden. As a result of these studies, five key components that guide the design of digital transformation pilots in rural areas emerged, namely: 1) rural context, 2) digitalization, 3) governance, control, and business mode, 4) methods facilitating DT processes, and 5) quintuple helix actors. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the rural living lab concept, followed by avenues for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 59-72 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1465 %N 9/10 %1 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul (Rasoul) Habibipour (Ph.D.) is a postdoctoral researcher in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is Managing director of Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on participatory design and user engagement in information systems development processes, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has previously worked in information technology (IT) projects for more than 13 years as a project leader and project manager as well as software designer, developer and programmer. He has been involved in teaching and supervising students at the bachelor, master and PhD levels and has published several journal and conference articles in his research topic. He also serves as guest editor, track chair, and reviewer in different international conferences and scientific journals within the information systems field. %2 Luleå University of Technology Johanna Lindberg is a project manager and PhD candidate at Luleå university of technology who has more than 20 years of experience working with regional and local development in different subject areas. She has participated in the development of political goal management both from a researcher's perspective and from an official’s perspective. In short, she has worked to achieve the national political goals in several policy areas: environmental, gender equality, broadband, digitalization, culture, leisure, attractive sustainable growth, commercial service, payment service, and public health policy goals. %3 Luleå University of Technology Associate Prof. Mari Runardotter holds a PhD in Social Informatics from Luleå University of Technology. Her research focuses on social, societal and organizational effects of IT, primarily in the areas of digitalisation/digital transformation and service innovation. She use theories and methods for user engagement and involvement, that emphasize social, societal, cultural, organizational and gender aspects in the interaction between humans and information systems. %4 Luleå University of Technology Yomn Elmistikawy is a PHD candidate at Luleå university of technology. Her research focuses on the complexity of stakeholder involvement in the digital innovation process. She explores the roles stakeholders adopt, as well as, the interconnectedness and conflicts within these roles. She has participated in 5G related research projects focusing on the end user needs. She has experience in design science research and its use in designing solutions for information sharing during industrial crisis. %# Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a chair professor in Information systems at Luleå University of Technology. Her research is focused on user engagement in innovation processes, with special interest in service innovation designed to create an added value for its users. Annas research is related to different application areas such as IT-use in everyday contexts, Smart Cities and Internet of Things. Anna has participated in numerous European and national innovation and research projects and she has been published in several scientific journals as well as in books and at conferences. %$ Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. Her main research interests are in the area of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. Her latest research project has been around designing for business value in collaboration platform development. %& 59 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1465 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Applying a Living Lab Approach Within an eHealth Accelerator %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Leena Arhippainen %A Timo Ojala %K accelerator %K case study %K ehealth %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K SME %K startup %X Through this study, we seek to understand the impact of the use of the living lab approach on product and business development in an eHealth accelerator. In the case accelerator, 20 startups developed innovative products atop the European FIWARE Future Internet technology platform. The novel design element of the case accelerator was the use of the living lab approach that was included for the purpose of engaging end users in the development and testing of new product prototypes. Our main result is that the living lab approach provided added value to participating companies and resulted in changes in their product development and marketing strategies. Overall, the case accelerator and the use of the living lab approach had a significant impact on the development, growth, and market success of the companies. Based on the results of the case accelerator, we propose the generic accelerator model presented by Pauwels and co-authors in 2016 to be extended with a new design element, the living lab approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 6-19 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1221 %N 3 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro is a Coordinator of the project “Generation Z and Beyond: Co-Evolution of Human Capabilities and Intelligent Technologies in the 21st Century (GenZ)” in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oulu, Finland. She received her doctorate degree in 2019 from Oulu Business School. Her research has focused on user involvement through the living lab approach in different contexts. Since 2011, she has worked in several national and international RDI projects related to living labs and user involvement. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö is a User Research Expert and Program Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs. She is currently in charge of establishing a Digital Health Knowledge Hub in Oulu. %3 University of Oulu Leena Arhippainen is a Postdoctoral Researcher and Teacher in the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, INTERACT Research Unit at the University of Oulu, Finland. Leena received her Master’s degree in the Department of Information Processing Science at University of Oulu in 2002 and her PhD degree in 2009. Her research interests include user experience, UX methods, human-computer interaction, 3D user interfaces and virtual environments, user involvement, and living labs. %4 University of Oulu Timo Ojala is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and Director of the Center for Ubiquitous Computing at the University of Oulu, Finland. He obtained his doctorate degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu in 1997. His research activities have included living lab studies of ubiquitous computing and virtual reality systems in real-world urban settings. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1221 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Celebrating Innovation in Florence (October 2019) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K behavioural economics %K behavioural science %K bibliometric analysis %K business models %K Buyer-Supplier Relationships %K choice architecture %K collaboration %K consumer-to-business %K Content creator-based business models %K content creators %K creativity management %K digital platforms %K digital technologies %K digital transformation %K Digital user involvement %K digitalization %K digitization %K disruption %K e-commerce %K human-centered data economy %K IIoT %K Industry 4.0 %K innovation %K innovation policy %K intellectual commerce %K Living lab %K mission-led science %K multisided platforms %K personal data %K research impact %K social commerce %K Supplier Integration %K taxonomy %K user-generated content %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 10/2019 %G eng %N 10 %1

Technology Innovation Management Review

Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria).
Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences.

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Technology Innovation Management Review

Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania. PhD from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council and Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems. Promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services.

%& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Exploring Participation Needs and Motivational Requirements When Engaging Older Adults in an Emerging Living Lab %A Tiziana C. Callari %A Louise Moody %A Janet Saunders %A Gill Ward %A Nikki Holliday %A Julie Woodley %K family views %K Living lab %K motivation to participate %K older adults %K research participation %K user expectations %K user needs %X There is a growing body of literature regarding living labs, which are seen as an effective way to develop and evaluate research for novel products and services with the actual end users. With growth in the living labs model, there is an increasing need for guidelines to steer and support the set-up and maintenance of initiatives, and to facilitate relationships and engagement with stakeholders and users in this context. This study seeks to address this need, in part, by exploring the needs, expectations, and motivations that older adults have in relation to research participation in an emerging living lab. This work is part of a wider research project to develop an integrated framework to guide emerging living labs. Eight semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six residents and two family members from two residential settings for older adults that were collaborating to establish a living lab environment. A concept-driven coding frame supported the coding and analysis of the interview transcripts. The results provide insights in relation to participant motivation to take part in research, and they identify some issues of concern for participants, both residents and family members, related to living lab initiatives. As a first step in developing a successful living lab culture of collaborative research, this study has demonstrated that open discussion with residents and their families should continue to guide processes and research design as the emerging living lab initiative continues. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 38-49 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1223 %N 3 %1 Coventry University Tiziana C. Callari is a Human Factors Researcher at Coventry University in England. She has an interest in the organizational and cognitive processes of living and working environments. Within the Centre for Arts, Memory and Communities at Coventry University, she is involved in projects that seek to improve the quality of life/work of targeted users by incorporating ergonomics principles in the design of products, services, and processes. Methodologically, she has a deep knowledge of the use of qualitative research strategy approaches. %2 Coventry University Louise Moody is Professor of Health Design and Human Factors in the Centre for Arts, Memory and Communities at Coventry University in England. Her research is focused on the development of products, interventions, and services to benefit health and wellbeing. With a background in Psychology and Human Factors, she employs a range of research methods as well as art-based approaches to ensure that new products, systems, services, and interventions are functional as well as being desirable and acceptable to end users and stakeholders. %3 Coventry University Janet Saunders is a specialist in user research and user centred design, with extensive experience in e-commerce and several projects as a Research Assistant with Coventry University in England. Her background includes qualitative research for user needs and digital information design, such as usability testing, co-creation, focus groups, and interviews, with an additional interest in diverse groups such as people with disabilities, people with learning difficulties, and older people. %4 Royal College of Occupational Therapists Gillian Ward is a Visiting Professor at Coventry University in England. Her research interests include the design and user experience of assistive and digital health technologies. She is the Research and Development Manager at the Royal College of Occupational Therapists. %# Coventry University Nikki Holliday is a Researcher in the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences at Coventry University in England, where she specializes in informing assisted living technology design via multi-stakeholder involvement, using techniques such as co-creation, co-production, usability studies, focus groups and interviews, and rapid prototyping. She is experienced in exploring health and wellbeing technology perceptions and design with service users, carers, and a wide range of health and social care staff, and running user-focused co-creation activities and projects. %$ University of West England Julie Woodley is a Senior Lecturer in Diagnostic Imaging at the University of West England in Bristol, where she specializes in research and healthcare ethics. She is also the Chair of Central Bristol’s NHS Research Ethics Committee. She is experienced in the ethical dilemmas associated with new technologies and the setting up of complex research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1223 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The SDG-Check: Guiding Open Innovation towards Sustainable Development Goals %A Justus von Geibler %A Julius Piwowar %A Annika Greven %K fuzzy front end of innovation %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K SDG-Check %K sustainability assessments %K sustainability inspiration %K sustainable development goals %X The “fuzzy front end” of innovation is argued to be crucial for the success and sustainability impact of a final product. Indeed, it is a promising area of focus in efforts to achieve the United Nations’ 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which provide a globally accepted framework for sustainability. However, the usability of the 17 goals and the large number of sub-goals represent barriers to innovation practitioners. Moreover, this early innovation stage proves to be a challenge for corporate practitioners and innovators, largely due to the concept’s intangible, qualitative nature and the lack of data. To help overcome these barriers, this article proposes a four-stage approach for structuring the innovation process using an online tool called the “SDG-Check”, which help assess an innovator’s sustainability orientation in the early phases of product and service development. It is a semi-quantitative tool to gather and combine assessments by experts involved in innovation processes with implications for the United Nations’ SDGs. Furthermore, this article presents our first experiences in applying the SDG-Check based on three living lab innovation cases. The results indicate that the tools can support and inspire a dialogue with internal and external stakeholders with regards to sustainability considerations in the early design stages of product and service development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 20-37 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1222 %N 3 %1 University of Wuppertal Justus von Geibler co-leads the research unit Innovation Labs in the Division of Sustainable Production and Consumption at the Wuppertal Institute in Germany. Based on more than 20 years of professional experience in sustainable assessment and innovation, his research focuses on sustainability standards, sustainability innovations in value chains, open innovation in companies, and living labs. He coordinates the collaboration between the Wuppertal Institute and Climate-KIC. He holds a PhD in Economic Geography from the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, a Master’s in Forest Sciences from the University of Göttingen, Germany, and a Master’s in Environmental Management and Policy from the University of Lund, Sweden. He has taught natural resource management, sustainability in global value chains, and sustainable supply chain management at Leuphana University Lüneburg, the University of Wuppertal, and the Said Business School at Oxford University, and he is the author of several books and over 100 scientific publications. %2 University of Wuppertal Julius Piwowar is a Research Fellow at the Wuppertal Institute in Germany with a double degree in Sustainability Management from the University of Oldenburg, Germany, and in Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability from the University of Karlskrona, Sweden. His research focuses on user experience design and living lab services. %3 University of Wuppertal Annika Greven studied industrial design engineering (BEng) at Fontys University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands and strategic innovation in products and services (MA) at the University of Wuppertal, Germany. Her Master’s thesis pointed out needs, potentials, and holistic design concepts in order to provide SMEs with a framework that methodologically helps them to develop a socially and ecologically sustainable business model. As a research fellow at the Wuppertal Institute, she is working with living lab services and sustainable business model design. Furthermore, she is working in a startup for sustainable fashion and as a freelancer in the field of design. Her research focuses on strategic innovation, product design, user-centred design, design thinking, business model design, and sustainability. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1222 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Urban Living Labs: Towards an Integrated Understanding of their Key Components %A Diana Chronéer %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %K definition %K innovation %K key components %K Living lab %K nature-based solutions %K NBS %K ULL %K UNaLab %K urban living lab %X In today’s ongoing urbanization and escalating climate change, there is an increasing demand on cities to be innovative and inclusive to handle these emerging issues. As an answer to these challenges, and in order to generate and adopt sustainable innovations and nature-based solutions in the urban areas, the concept of urban living labs has emerged. However, to date, there is confusion concerning the concept of the urban living lab and its key components. Some interpret the urban living lab as an approach, others as a single project, and some as a specific place – and some just do not know. In order to unravel this complexity and better understand this concept, we sought to identify the key components of an urban living lab by discussing the perspective of city representatives in the context of an urban living lab project. To achieve this goal, we reviewed previous literature on this topic and carried out two workshops with city representatives, followed by an open-ended questionnaire. In this article, we identify and discuss seven key components of an urban living lab: governance and management structure; financing models; urban context; nature-based solutions; partners and users (including citizens); approach; and ICT and infrastructure. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the urban living lab concept. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 50-62 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1224 %N 3 %1 Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. She teaches organizational development through IT and sustainable business models from a digital perspective. Her main research interests are in the areas of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. %2 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is the Chair Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research interests focus on the possibilities and challenges with the ongoing digital transformation for people, organizations, and society. In particular, she is interested in the citizen perspective when digital service innovations are developed within the context of urban living labs for smart cities and regions. Her research is related to different application areas such as smart cities and regions, crowdsourcing, everyday use, and online privacy. Her research has been published in several international journals, conference proceedings, and books. %3 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab context, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has experience teaching and supervising students at the undergraduate and postgraduate level and also serves as a reviewer in various international conferences and scientific journals. He has been involved in international innovation and research projects such as Privacy Flag and USEMP projects and is currently working in UNaLab and U4IoT projects, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1224 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T From Organizations to Organizational Fields: The Evolution of Civic Innovation Ecosystems %A Matthew Claudel %K city %K civic technology %K innovation policy %K innovation systems %K Living lab %X Contemporary approaches to urban technology emphasize local “innovation ecosystems”. Two organizational models – living labs and innovation integrators – are commonly used as hubs to broker these ecosystems. Curiously, both coexist in some cities, allowing a comparison of their impact and an analysis of their development over time and in context. The case studies presented in this article suggest that our analytical frameworks for technology policy may fall short, in that they contemplate only the organizations themselves – the living labs or innovation integrators. The dynamics observed in each city are well articulated, however, in the sociotechnical systems literature. The hub can be understood as a “niche”, which fosters radical innovations and new processes. As these prototypes are increasingly deployed and accepted, there is a regime shift, ultimately creating an experimentalist culture that fills the role previously held by the hub. This conclusion is neither a challenge to ecosystem theory nor a critique of innovation policy and its implementation. Rather, I suggest that we must extend these theoretical frameworks, drawing on sociotechnical systems literature to better account for institutions and for systems change as we design policy for urban technology. This article therefore makes a contribution by using a sociotechnical systems lens to explain the evolution of local urban innovation ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 34-47 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1163 %N 6 %1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Matthew Claudel is a PhD candidate in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and he is also affiliated with the MIT Lab for Innovation Science & Policy and the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence. Matthew is a Co-Founder of MIT designX, where he is the Head of Civic Innovation. He is also the co-author of two books: Open Source Architecture and The City of Tomorrow. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1163 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Innovation Instruments to Co-Create Needs-Based Solutions in a Living Lab %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Pauliina Hyrkäs %K co-creation %K innovation instrument %K innovation process %K Living lab %K SME %K startup %K user involvement %X This multiple case study focuses on co-creation facilitated with innovation instruments in three different environments – a school, a hospital, and an airport – in which 12 SMEs and startups developed solutions based on predefined needs of customer organizations, and where stakeholders actively participated through user involvement methods facilitated by a living lab. The article provides new knowledge regarding the benefits of the co-creation, user involvement, and use of the living lab approach within different contexts. Our findings show concrete benefits of co-creation for stakeholders such as companies, customer organizations, and end users. Based on our results, we propose a new, generic model for using innovation instruments to facilitate co-creation for the development of needs-based products and services in different service domains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 22-35 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1156 %N 5 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro, MSc (Econ), is a doctoral candidate at the Oulu Business School at the University of Oulu in Finland. Her PhD research focuses on user involvement through living lab approach in different contexts. She has participated in several international and national innovation, research and development projects as a specialist of living lab and user involvement methods, and has administered a user community and user involvement tool since 2011. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö, MSc (Tech), is a User Research Expert and Project Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs, where she is currently in charge of projects related to innovation and living labs. %3 Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District Pauliina Hyrkäs, BHSc (Health Management), Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (NOHD), Finland, has worked in local, national, and international healthcare sector projects as a project manager, a coordinator, and a designer. With her project team, she developed nationally applicable innovation process for Finnish University Hospitals as well as the Development and Innovation Process for the NOHD. Currently, she is starting up the innovation activities at the Oulu University Hospital (OYS), designing the innovation process for the Future Hospital OYS 2030 and for the innovation ecosystem around the OYS as well as the healthcare co-creation process to be utilized at the European Union level. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1156 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Library Living Lab: A Collaborative Innovation Model for Public Libraries %A Fernando Vilariño %A Dimosthenis Karatzas %A Alberto Valcarce %K cultural spaces %K innovation %K library %K Living lab %K participatory %K public spaces %K technology %X New models of governance advance towards participatory schemes in which citizens not only play an active role in decision-making processes but also the processes by which new products and services are defined and introduced. In parallel, technological innovations, and the new horizons of creativity that they allow, open a huge range of options to innovation in all areas of society, particularly in the cultural field. Under these two premises – participation and innovation – the Library Living Lab initiative was born at the Public Library of Miquel Batllori Volpelleres in Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona. The Library Living Lab is a space that gathers all stakeholders around the public library with the aim of exploring new methods and tools that allow us to enjoy culture both individually and collectively. This article describes how technology can be an enabling factor in a citizen-initiated grassroots project. The project implements a complete model of inter-institutional collaboration with all relevant actors around the living lab working group. The specific challenges of developing an open, flexible, and inter-connected space are identified, and the interaction dynamics based on a challenge–action–return methodology definition are described through practical examples. Our conclusions tackle the challenges of a horizon for the implementation of innovation initiatives – such as living labs – in public spaces. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 17-25 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1202 %N 12 %1 Computer Vision Centre and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Fernando Vilariño is Associate Director of the Computer Vision Centre and Associate Professor at the Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He holds a PhD in Computer Vision and is a Lecturer in Machine Learning and Robotics. He is Co-Founder of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona, and he is President of the European Network of Living Labs. In 2014, he received a Google Research Award in the line of Eye-Tracking Interaction. %2 Computer Vision Centre and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Dimosthenis Karatzas is Associate Director of the Computer Vision Centre and Associate Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He holds a PhD in Computer Vision and is a Lecturer in Artificial Intelligence. He is Co-Founder of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona. In 2013, Dimosthenis received the prestigious IAPR/ICDAR Young Investigator Award and, in 2016, he received the Google Research Award in the line of Machine Perception. %3 President of the Association of Neighbours of Volpelleres Alberto Valcarce is President of the Association of Neighbours Volpelleres in Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona. He is a lawyer and holds an MSc degree in Water Management. He participated in the inception, design, and implementation of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1202 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Living Labs versus Lean Startups: An Empirical Investigation %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Sonja M. Protic %K entrepreneurs %K impact %K Innovation management %K lean startup %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K testing %K user innovation %X Although we seem to be living in an era where founding a startup has never been easier, studies point to the high mortality rates of these organizations. This “startup hype” has also induced many practitioner-based innovation management approaches that lack empirical studies and validation. Moreover, a lot of these approaches have rather similar angles, but use different wordings. Therefore, in this article, we look into two of these “hyped” concepts: the lean startup and living labs. We review the academic studies on these topics and explore a sample of 86 entrepreneurial projects based on project characteristics and outcomes. Our main finding is that the two approaches appear to be complementary. Living labs are powerful instruments to implement the principles of the lean startup, as the real-life testing and multi-disciplinary approach of living labs seem to generate more actionable outcomes. However, living labs also require the flexibility of a startup – ideally a lean one – to actually deliver this promise. Thus, rather than picking a winner in this comparison, we argue that combining the concepts’ different strengths can bring clear benefits. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 7-16 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1201 %N 12 %1 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Sonja M. Protic is a Researcher at the Institute of Production and Logistics at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. She finished her Master’s studies in Environmental Science and her Bachelor studies in Business Administration. She has several years of work experience in national and European research projects and in international project development for a multilateral organization. Her research interests include sustainable freight transport, innovation management, and living labs. She is enrolled as a doctoral student, writing her doctoral thesis in the field of innovation systems at multimodal inland terminals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1201 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Drop-Out Behaviour in Living Lab Field Tests %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Annabel Georges %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn %K drop-out %K field test %K Living lab %K taxonomy %K user engagement %K user motivation %X The concept of a “living lab” is a relatively new research area and phenomenon that facilitates user engagement in open innovation activities. Studies on living labs show that the users’ motivation to participate in a field test is higher at the beginning of the project than during the rest of the test, and that participants have a tendency to drop out before completing the assigned tasks. However, the literature still lacks theories describing the phenomenon of drop-out within the area of field tests in general and living lab field tests in particular. As the first step in constructing a theoretical discourse, the aims of this study are to present an empirically derived taxonomy for the various factors that influence drop-out behaviour; to provide a definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests; and to understand the extent to which each of the identified items influence participant drop-out behaviour. To achieve these aims, we first extracted factors influencing drop-out behaviour in the field test from our previous studies on the topic, and then we validated the extracted results across 14 semi-structured interviews with experts in living lab field tests. Our findings show that identified reasons for dropping out can be grouped into three themes: innovation-related, process-related, and participant-related. Each theme consists of three categories with a total of 44 items. In this study, we also propose a unified definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-21 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1155 %N 5 %1 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab research, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has previously worked in information technology (IT) projects for more than 13 years as a project leader and project manager as well as software designer and developer. He is currently involved in international innovation and research projects such as UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %2 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is a User Specialist at imec.livinglabs in Belgium. Annabel holds a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. Since 2013, she has worked at imec.livinglabs, where she has conducted research for more than 15 innovation projects. Her main interests are contextual research, field tests, and working on improvements on current living lab practices. %3 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a Professor of Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, and Managing Director of Botnia Living Lab in Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna’s research is related to different application areas such as smart cities, domestic IT use, and online privacy. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %4 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %# Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing; and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published several articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1155 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Topic Modelling Analysis of Living Labs Research %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K big data %K data mining %K innovation %K Living lab %K living laboratory %K research trends %K text analytics %K topic modeling %K topic modelling %X This study applies topic modelling analysis on a corpus of 86 publications in the Technology Innovation Management Review (TIM Review) to understand how the phenomenon of living labs has been approached in the recent innovation management literature. Although the analysis is performed on a corpus collected from only one journal, the TIM Review has published the largest number of special issues on living labs to date, thus it reflects the advancement of the area in the scholarly literature. According to the analysis, research approaches to living labs can be categorized under seven broad topics: 1) Design, 2) Ecosystem, 3) City, 4) University, 5) Innovation, 6) User, and 7) Living lab. Moreover, each topic includes a set of characteristic subtopics. A trend analysis suggests that the emphasis of research on living labs is moving away from a conceptual focus on what living labs are and who is involved in their ecosystems to practical applications of how to design and manage living labs, their processes, and participants, especially users, as key stakeholders and in novel application areas such as the urban city context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 40-51 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1170 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Aalto University Seppo Leminen is an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1170 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Action Research as a Framework to Evaluate the Operations of a Living Lab %A Sara Logghe %A Dimitri Schuurman %K action research %K Living lab %K panel management %K participatory action research %K user research %X In this article, we propose an action research approach to capture and act upon the delights and frustrations of panel members who participate in living lab research in order to optimize the operations of the living lab itself. We used this approach to test the effectiveness of action research in providing guidelines to practitioners to evaluate and design effective and sustainable user involvement processes in living labs. We conducted a focused literature review and an in-depth case study of both the integration of a researcher within the community and the implementation of an action research project within an existing living lab. This living lab is regarded as both a forerunner and a best-practice example in Europe. Based on our findings, we recommend co-creating the “operations” of a living lab with the users themselves following a combined action research and living lab approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 35-41 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1056 %N 2 %1 imec – MICT – Ghent University Sara Logghe is a Living Lab Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds master’s degrees in History and Communication Sciences from Ghent University, and her research interests include the potential of social media for cultural institutions, the changing library landscape, and living labs. %2 imec – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1056 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Categorization of Innovation Tools in Living Labs %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K innovation tool %K Living lab %K method %K Open innovation %K user innovation %X This article examines the link between innovation processes and the use of innovation tools in living labs. So doing, it develops a conceptual framework based on the literature to analyze 40 living labs in different countries. The study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a new typology of living labs based on their innovation process characteristics and usage of tools: linearizer, iterator, mass customizer, and tailor. Moreover, it proposes three ways to organize innovation activities in living labs. The article concludes by providing a set of implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research on living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 15-25 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1046 %N 1 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1046 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Design-Driven Living Lab: A New Approach to Exploring Solutions to Complex Societal Challenges %A Rens Brankaert %A Elke den Ouden %K design %K Living lab %K societal challenges %K technology probe %X In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of a design-driven living lab as an innovative approach to addressing societal challenges. This living lab incorporates design qualities such as exploration, open-ended results, and disruption. This approach was applied in three case studies within the context of dementia, each of which explored the impact of Qwiek.up – a media system that creates an ambient experience in a room through projection and sound. A cluster analysis of the results in the three case studies showed that the system has considerable potential for people with dementia, and possibly also for other groups. In addition, the design-driven approach led to new applications in care, improved functionality, and a broader design space. Our findings show that design-driven living labs can widen the scope of innovation and improve the value proposition of an innovative solution. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1049 %N 1 %1 Eindhoven University of Technology Rens Brankaert is an Assistant Professor working on design for “Active & Healthy Ageing” within the Business Process Design group in the Department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. He received his PhD early in 2016 for work related to design for people with dementia involving the application of living labs. In this work, he aimed to build a bridge between a design-based approach and current healthcare practices. %2 Eindhoven University of Technology Elke den Ouden is based at the Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship Management Group in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. As a TU/e Fellow and Strategic Director of TU/e LightHouse, she forges links between research and industry. Her long history at Philips, including in the role of group leader, has provided her with the network and expertise needed to do perform her current role. Elke operates as the TU/e living lab expert and regularly publishes on this topic. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1049 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Methods for Supporting Older Users in Communicating Their Emotions at Different Phases of a Living Lab Project %A Sonja Pedell %A Alen Keirnan %A Gareth Priday %A Tim Miller %A Antonette Mendoza %A Antonio Lopez-Lorca %A Leon Sterling %K aging well %K co-design methods %K emotion-led design %K expressing emotions %K Living lab %K personal alarm systems %X In this article, we focus on living lab methods that support the elicitation of emotions – a key success factor in whether a design solution will be accepted and taken up over the long term. We demonstrate the use of emotional goal models to help understand what is relevant for a target user group in the early phases of design. We promote animations and storyboards to envision the context of use and to gain an understanding of how design ideas can integrate into people’s lives. For the evaluation of ideas and to further understand user needs, we show how technology probes facilitate natural interactions with a suggested solution concept. All methods have in common that they enable older adults without design or development experience to participate in the design process and work towards a meaningful solution by helping to communicate feelings and goals that are often hard to define. Lastly, we present a process model that demonstrates our emotion-led design toolkit at various phases of a living lab process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 7-19 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1053 %N 2 %1 Swinburne University of Technology Sonja Pedell is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Design and Digital Media Design and Director of the Future Self and Design Living Lab at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia, where she contributes extensive knowledge of human–computer interaction (HCI) to the co-creation of innovative technologies. Her research interests are user-centred design methods, scenario-based and mobile design, domestic technology development for health and wellbeing, and the design of engaging novel technologies for various user groups, in particular for the ageing population. Sonja holds a Master of Psychology degree from the Technical University of Berlin, Germany and for several years was employed in industry as an interaction designer, usability consultant, and product manager. %2 Swinburne University of Technology Alen Keirnan is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Design Innovation at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia, where he received his PhD in Industrial and Product Design. Working on a variety of health and ageing related projects in the Future Self and Design Living Lab, he has a strong interest in co-creation and journey-mapping techniques. He embeds his interests of co-creation and journey mapping into collaborative research projects between academia and industry, affording rich user insights appropriate for human-centered design outcomes. His current projects include developing services for retirement park managers to better communicate with their clients, envisioning the waiting room of the future and, evaluating technologies with older adults. %3 Australian Living Labs Innovation Network Gareth Priday is a foresight practitioner, researcher, and entrepreneur. He is Co-Director of the Australian Living Labs Innovation Network and recently supported the development of Swinburne University of Technology's Future Self and Design Living Lab in Melbourne. In 2014, Gareth led a Financial Resilience Living Lab pilot project and presented at the ENoLL Summer School. He held a futures research position with the Queensland University of Technology (Smart Services CRC). He has published in the Journal of Futures Studies and has presented at a number of Futures and Innovation conferences. Gareth holds a Master of Strategic Foresight degree from Swinburne University of Technology. His first career was in the financial services sector working for large international banks in the UK and Australia (UBS Warburg, Macquarie, ABN Amro, Royal Bank of Scotland) where he delivered on large-scale global projects. %4 University of Melbourne Tim Miller is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He holds a PhD in Software Engineering from the University of Queensland and spent four years at the University of Liverpool, UK, as a Postdoctoral Researcher Associate in the Agent ART group. Tim's primary interests are in artificial intelligence and human–AI interaction. %# University of Melbourne Antonette Mendoza is a Lecturer in the Department of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Her research expertise includes how users interact and adopt technology; how systems can be better designed to support that interaction; and once deployed, what we can do to facilitate adoption and sustainability of technologies. She has extensive experience in software engineering, IT project management, and qualitative methods of research. She is currently collaborating with researchers on ARC and NHMRC projects in the health care and homelessness environments. She is also involved in local and international collaborations with researchers on value realization of e-learning platforms and tools. Her achievements include Teaching Excellence Awards in the Melbourne School of Engineering and in the Department of Computing and Information Systems. %$ University of Melbourne Antonio Lopez-Lorca is a Lecturer at the Computing and Information Systems Department at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Antonio holds a PhD in Information Technology from the University of Wollongong, Australia. He first studied ways of applying semantic web techniques to agent-oriented models to validate them prior to software development. His research then shifted to looking at ways of introducing design processes into software engineering by considering the emotional needs of users throughout the complete lifecycle of the system. Much of his teaching effort focuses on supervising industry projects and developing the soft skills of software engineering students, particularly around communication with clients. %] Leon Sterling received a BSc(Hons) from the University of Melbourne and a PhD in Pure Mathematics from the Australian National University. He has worked at universities in the UK, Israel, the US, and Australia. His teaching and research specialties are artificial intelligence, software engineering, and logic programming. Leon had a range of roles for 15 years at the University of Melbourne, including Professor of Software Innovation and Engineering and Director of e-Research. He served at Swinburne University of Technology as Dean of Information and Communication Technologies from 2010–2013 and as Vice Chancellor (Digital Frontiers) from 2014–2015. He also has served as President of the Australian Council of Deans of ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1053 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Needsfinding in Living Labs: A Structured Research Approach %A Louise Savelkoul %A Murk Peutz %K commuting %K cycling %K intention %K Living lab %K needsfinding %K theory of planned behaviour %X Living labs enable innovations to be facilitated and implemented quickly and efficiently. A key element of the living lab approach is the active involvement of users. In this article, we examine a structured needsfinding phase of a living lab infrastructure project within the context of bicycle commuting. Given that effectuation costs are high, it is essential for the lab to focus on tackling the right user needs. Thus, the living lab’s needsfinding phase aims to identify user needs and wants, as measured by bicycle commuting intention. We examined intention in a structured way by following the theory of planned behaviour. The results show that bicycle commuting intention can be explained by the variables of our model (R square=0.808). The specific insights arising from the needsfinding phase are an important focus for the activities and experiments in the later phases of the living lab. The generalized insights are also relevant to innovation experts outside the area of cycling. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 42-51 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1057 %N 2 %1 Equator Research Louise Savelkoul is a Consultant at Equator Research and is a PhD candidate studying user innovation at Tilburg University in the Netherlands, where she also holds Bachelor and MSc degrees in Organizational Studies. At Equator Research, her focus is on Living Labs. She is currently Lab Manager of the regional cycle lanes initiative in the Netherlands, enabling new innovations in infrastructure and the built environment. Recently she co-developed the flexible living for health care lab in the Southern Netherlands. %2 Equator Research Murk Peutz is Director of Equator Research, a consulting firm focused on innovation management and the use of living labs as an effective tool for co-creation and collaborative innovation. He graduated from Delft University with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, and he holds a Business Law degree from Leiden University and an MBA from INSEAD. He has also worked in industry (Tate & Lyle PLC) and management consulting (The Boston Consulting Group). In 2004, he took up responsibility for Innovation Consulting to Small and Medium Enterprises as Director of the Syntens Foundation before founding Equator Research in 2013. Murk is also a non-executive director of several companies in the Netherlands. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1057 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Reflecting on Actions in Living Lab Research %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Marita Holst %K action research %K Apollon %K context %K digital innovations %K end users %K innovation process %K Living lab %K research process %X Living labs deploy contemporary open and user-centred engagement processes in real-world contexts where all relevant stakeholders are involved and engaged with the endeavour to create and experiment with different innovations. The approach is evidently successful and builds on the perspective that people have a democratic right to have influence over changes that might affect them, such as those brought about by an innovation. In this article, we will reflect on and discuss a case in which end users took part in the development of a method that stimulates learning and adoption of digital innovations in their own homes while testing and interacting with it. The results show that, when end users were stimulated to use the implemented innovation through different explicit assignments, they both increased their understanding of the situation as well as changed their behaviour. Living lab processes are complex and dynamic, and we find that it is essential that a living lab have the capability to adjust its roles and actions. We argue that being reflective is beneficial for innovation process managers in living labs because it allows them to adjust processes in response to dynamic circumstances. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 27-34 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1055 %N 2 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as smart cities, domestic IT use, and online privacy. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in both the Privacy Flag project and the U4IoT project financed by the European Commission. %2 Luleå University of Technology Marita Holst is Senior Project Manager at the Centre for Distance-Spanning Technology and General Manager of Botnia Living Lab at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. Marita’s research interests include methods and tools for creating collaborative working environments for innovative and boundary-crossing working groups and applied ongoing research and innovation projects such as OrganiCity, Privacy Flag, and U4IoT, in which she currently participates. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1055 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Taking Real-Life Seriously: An Approach to Decomposing Context Beyond “Environment” in Living Labs %A Lynn Coorevits %A An Jacobs %K context %K innovation process %K Living lab %K real-life %X The maturity of living labs has grown over the years and researchers have developed a uniform definition by emphasizing the multi-method and real-life, contextual approach. The latter predominantly focuses on the in situ use of a product during field trials where users are observed in their everyday life. Researchers thus recognize the importance of context in living labs, but do not provide adequate insights into how context can be taken into consideration. Therefore, the contribution of this article is twofold. By means of a case study, we show how field trials can be evaluated in a more structural way to cover all dimensions of context and how this same framework can be used to evaluate context in the front end of design. This framework implies that living lab researchers are no longer dependent on the technological readiness level of a product to evaluate all dimensions of context. By using the proposed framework, living lab researchers can improve the overall effectiveness of methods used to gather and analyze data in a living lab project. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 26-36 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1047 %N 1 %1 imec-MICT-Ghent University Lynn Coorevits is a Senior User Researcher for imec-MICT-Ghent University, where she focuses on tools and techniques for open and user innovation, such as sensors and design thinking. Her current research focuses on the adoption and attrition of wearables as well as optimization of context integration in living lab projects. She works on several SME living lab projects ranging from the financial to social industry. She holds master’s degrees in Psychology and in Marketing Analysis from Ghent University in Belgium and has 9 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %2 imec-SMIT-VUB An Jacobs is an Assistant professor at imec SMIT (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium. Since 2005, she has participated in and coordinated various European Union and Flemish projects with a focus on digital innovations, human-centred design, and living lab methodologies. As a methodologist, she supports the Care Living Labs Flanders. One of her current research interests is on human–robot collaboration, with current and finished projects in hospital, care, and manufacturing settings. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1047 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Towards Third-Generation Living Lab Networks in Cities %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Mika Westerlund %K city %K co-creation %K collaborative innovation %K innovation %K Living lab %K networks %K Open innovation %K smart city %K third-generation %X Many cities engage in diverse experimentation, innovation, and development activities with a broad variety of environments and stakeholders to the benefit of citizens, companies, municipalities, and other organizations. Hence, this article discusses such engagement in terms of next-generation living lab networks in the city context. In so doing, the study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a framework of collaborative innovation networks in cities and suggesting a typology of third-generation living labs. Our framework is characterized by diverse platforms and participation approaches, resulting in four distinctive modes of collaborative innovation networks where the city is: i) a provider, ii) a neighbourhood participator, iii) a catalyst, or iv) a rapid experimenter. The typology is based on an analysis of 118 interviews with participants in six Finnish cities and reveals various ways to organize innovation activities in the city context. In particular, cities can benefit from innovation networks by simultaneously exploiting multiple platforms such as living labs for innovation. We conclude by discussing implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-35 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1118 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Espoo, Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, high-tech and service business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor of Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1118 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Evolution of Intermediary Activities: Broadening the Concept of Facilitation in Living Labs %A Louna Hakkarainen %A Sampsa Hyysalo %K co-design %K elderly care %K facilitation %K health technology %K innovation intermediaries %K Living lab %X Innovation intermediaries play an important role in open innovation endeavours. In living lab projects, where different professional identities and organizational cultures are at play, intermediary actors facilitate learning between stakeholders and manage tensions and conflicts of interest. The current living lab literature recognizes the importance and multifacetedness of these actors, but does not shed light on the work they do at a more practical level. Our study seeks to capture the variety and evolution of work tasks of user-side innovation intermediaries during and after a four-year technology project in a living lab. The study explores how these mediating actors tackle the everyday challenges of a living lab project. This article is grounded on a longitudinal qualitative case study of a innovation process for a floor monitoring system for elderly care – the "smart floor". %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 45-58 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/960 %N 1 %1 Aalto University Louna Hakkarainen, Lic.Soc.Sc., is a doctoral candidate in the School of Art, Design and Architecture of Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. She holds a licentiate degree from the University of Helsinki’s Faculty of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social shaping of technology, living lab collaboration, and facilitation. %2 Aalto University Sampsa Hyysalo is an Associate Professor in Co-Design at the Aalto University School of Art, Design and Architecture and a Senior Researcher at the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Sampsa’s research and teaching focus on user involvement in innovation and the co-evolution of technologies, practices and organizations. He received his PhD in Behavioral Sciences from the University of Helsinki and holds a Docentship in Information Systems, specialising in user-centred design. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/960 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Factors Affecting the Attrition of Test Users During Living Lab Field Trials %A Annabel Georges %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Koen Vervoort %K attrition %K drop-out %K field trial %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user engagement %K user involvement %X Next to active user involvement and a multi-method approach, a third major principle within living lab research consists of capturing the real-life context in which an innovation is used by end users. Field trials are a method to study the interaction of test users with an innovation in the context of use. However, when conducting field trials, there are several reasons why users stop participating in research activities, a phenomenon labelled as attrition. In this article, we elaborate on drop-outs during field trials by analyzing three post-trial surveys of living lab field trials. Our results show that several factors related to the innovation, as well as related to the field trial setup, play a role in attrition, including the lack of added value of the innovation and the extent to which the innovation satisfies the needs and time restrictions of test users. Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for managers to reduce attrition during field trials. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 35-44 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/959 %N 1 %1 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Annabel Georges is a Junior Researcher in the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds a Master's degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. In her master's thesis, Social Media from A to Z: The Role of Media Coaches in the Diffusion of Social Media Literacy within the Library as an Organization, she used social network analysis to study the diffusion of social media literacy with library staff. At iMinds, her main interests are social innovation and the factors that motivate test users to participate in field trials. %2 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Koen Vervoort manages and coordinates panels within living lab settings within one of the first living lab organizations in Europe: iMinds Living Labs in Belgium. He also represents iMinds within large Flemish and European living lab projects, hosts workshops, benchmarks internal processes within the entire living lab community (and beyond), oversees an internal quality survey, and organizes fieldwork for iMinds' flagship, Digimeter, a report that tracks the ownership and use of media (technology) among the Flemish population. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/959 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Urban Living Labs for Sustainability in Suburbs in Need of Modernization and Social Uplift %A Katarina Buhr %A Maija Federley %A Anja Karlsson %K city %K Living lab %K suburb %K sustainability %K urban %X A number of urban living labs have been set up in recent years, with the aim of developing innovation processes within a multi-stakeholder partnership in an urban context. Several urban living labs focus on sustainable development, which is a visible and urgent issue in less valued suburbs in need of modernization and social uplift. We argue that, when applying the living labs approach in the context of sustainable development in suburbs, the primary focus should be society’s collective goals, as expressed through municipalities and users. The aim of this article is to show examples of how urban living labs can be applied in less valued suburbs in order to contribute to sustainability based on societal goals. We build on analyses from the research project SubUrbanLab, where urban living labs were set up in Alby and Peltosaari, two suburban areas in Sweden and Finland, respectively. We draw lessons regarding how to use urban living labs for sustainable development in order to create favourable conditions for ongoing engagement with the municipality and users towards long-term sustainability. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 27-34 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/958 %N 1 %1 IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Katarina Buhr is a Social Scientist at IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute. She holds a PhD in Business Administration (Organization and Management) from Uppsala University in Sweden and has been a post-doctoral researcher at Linköping University in Sweden. She has worked in several research projects related to urban sustainable development and has published widely on policy processes and public engagement in the environmental and sustainability field. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in the evaluation and scientific writing activities for the urban living labs in Alby, Sweden. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Maija Federley is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She holds a Master of Science degree in technology from Helsinki University of Technology (currently Aalto University) in Finland. She has worked in several research projects related to co-development of digital services and environmental sustainability communication in stakeholder networks. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in designing and observing all urban living labs in Peltosaari, Finland, with a special interest in participatory methods and development of urban living lab practices and evaluation. %3 IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Anja Karlsson has worked at IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute since 2011. She holds a BSc in Political Science and Environmental Science from Gothenburg University, Sweden and an MSc from Uppsala University, Sweden. Her studies have focused on stakeholder and public participation in local and national decision making. She has worked in research projects related to sustainable development in urban areas, focusing on social sustainability and the involvement of residents and other stakeholders in urban development. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in the urban living labs in Alby, Sweden, and the evaluation of the urban living labs. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/958 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Cities as Collaborative Innovation Platforms %A Taina Tukiainen %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K collaborative innovation %K creative citizen %K industry %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K smart city %X In this article, we focus on the role of a city as an orchestrator for innovation. We argue that cities should establish active dialogue with their citizens, and private and public sectors actors to co-create, develop, test, and offer service innovations that utilize diverse sets of platforms such as living labs. Our research contributes to the discussions of open and user innovations from the perspective of cities as communities that involve and integrate citizens and companies to collaborative innovation activities. While acknowledging that cities are platforms for simultaneous and divergent innovation initiatives, we identify four principal types of collaborative innovation. Cities serve as platforms for: i) improving everyday life; ii) conducting consumer and citizen experiments; iii) experimenting and implementing new technologies and services; and iv) creating new innovations and economies. Finally, we offer guidelines for fostering collaborative innovation activities between the public and private sectors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 16-23 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/933 %N 10 %1 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is a Senior Researcher at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland, and she is a Cabinet Member of the President of the European Union Committee of the Regions (CoR). She has worked for over 20 years within industry and universities and for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation as a senior manager, and she has worked on various projects with international university and industry collaboration. She was, until 2014, Director of Digibusiness Finland. Her research interest is strategic research including innovation, technology management, and entrepreneurship. Taina's doctoral dissertation was The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and the topic of her latest book was The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014). She has recently published papers in Organization Science and MIT Sloan Management Review. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology, now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/933 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The City as Living Laboratory: Empowering Citizens with the Citadel Toolkit %A Carina Veeckman %A Shenja van der Graaf %K citizen involvement %K Living lab %K open government data %K smart city %K toolkit %X Lately, the concept of smart cities has been changing from a top-down and mostly technological-driven approach, towards a bottom-up process that facilitates participation and collaboration among city stakeholders. In this latter respect, the city is an ecosystem in which smart applications, open government data, and new modes of participation are fostering innovation. However, detailed analyses on how to manage bottom-up smart city initiatives, as well as descriptions of underlying challenges and barriers, are still scarce. Therefore, this article investigates four collaborative smart city initiatives in Europe to learn how cities can optimize citizen involvement in the context of public sector innovation. The analytical framework focuses on the different stakeholder roles in the ecosystem and the civic capacities to participate in the innovation process. The findings illustrate how more inclusive citizen involvement can be realized by providing different tools that align with the specific capacities and skills of the citizens. Furthermore, through specified workshop formats and peer learning, citizens lacking technical skills were also enabled to participate in the evolution of their cities, and to generate solutions from which both the city and everyday urban life can possibly benefit. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-17 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/877 %N 3 %1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform, which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, measuring related impact and outcomes, and monitoring the willingness to share personal data when using these applications. Currently, she manages and conducts user research in the following smart city projects: Citadel on the Move (2012–2015), Open Transport Net (2014–2016), and the European Cloud Marketplace for Intelligent Mobility (ECIM) (2014–2016). %2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel Shenja van der Graaf (PhD, LSE) heads the Code, Commodification & the City (Digital Cities) cluster at iMinds-SMIT at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. She is a researcher at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the United Kingdom, an honorary fellow at MIT Media Lab ID³ Hub in the United States, and a Futures of Entertainment fellow, also in the United States. Her current work is concerned with social, economic, and policy issues arising from innovations associated with the ICT. Specific lines of inquiry include the integration of new technologies into society; management of technological innovation in firms, cities, and communities; (new) media users and "cultures of expertise"; mediation of social and economic life, theoretical perspectives; and cybersecurity. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/877 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Grey Areas Between Open and Closed in Innovation Networks %A Seppo Leminen %A Taija Turunen %A Mika Westerlund %K closedness %K innovation %K innovation network %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K openness %X This study argues that there are different degrees of openness and closedness in innovation activity, and it highlights the need for more research on the "grey areas" between totally open and totally closed innovation, particularly in innovation networks where multiple stakeholders collaborate for innovation. Here, we focus on four key aspects of innovation networks, as characterized by their degrees of openness or closedness: governance, motivation, interaction, and innovation practices. The categorization is based on a review of theory and an empirical analysis of three distinct innovation networks, two of which represent the open living lab model, and one of which exemplifies the traditional closed innovation model. Our results can help managers improve efficiency in innovation networks by better understanding the grey areas between open and closed in innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-18 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/948 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 Aalto University Taija Turunen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies at Aalto University's School of Business in Finland. Taija holds a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Aalto University's School of Science. During her academic career, Taija has managed several research projects in the area of service operations management and service innovation. Before joining academia, Taija worked as a management consultant in the field of industrial service operations. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/948 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Leveraging Living Lab Innovation Processes through Crowdsourcing %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Josefin Lassinantti %K citizen %K crowdsourcing %K ICT %K innovation process %K Living lab %K user %X Around the globe, crowdsourcing initiatives are emerging and contributing in a diversity of areas, such as in crisis management and product development and to carry out micro-tasks such as translations and transcriptions. The essence of crowdsourcing is to acknowledge that not all the talented people work for you; hence, crowdsourcing brings more perspectives, insights, and visions to, for instance, an innovation process. In this article, we analyze how crowdsourcing can contribute to the different stages of innovation processes carried out in living labs and thus contribute to living labs by strengthening their core role as innovation process facilitators. We have also identified benefits and challenges that need to be grappled with for managers of living labs to make it possible for the crowd to fully support their cause. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 28-36 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/950 %N 12 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as domestic IT use, energy efficiency, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the projects IoT Lab, USEMP, and Privacy Flag, which are financed by the European Commission. Anna has contributed to the field with more than forty journal and conference articles. %2 Luleå University of Technology Josefin Lassinantti is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden, where she received a licentiate degree in 2014. Her research focuses on open data as an arena for citizen innovation and value creation by applying a social constructivist lens and adding theories from the innovation field, thus aiming to contribute to the field of public administration and e-government. In parallel with research, she teaches courses related to design of mobile and computer interactions, with a special interest in maintaining a good balance between acknowledging both the innovative possibilities of new ICT as well as its societal consequences. Josefin is also involved in the IoT Lab project, financed by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/950 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Places and Spaces within Living Labs %A Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn %A Carina Ihlström Eriksson %A Anna Ståhlbröst %K influence %K Living lab %K openness %K place %K realism %K space %X In this article, we propose the concepts of places and spaces as conceptual tools to facilitate the organization of innovation activities within living labs. We have taken a pragmatic perspective on these concepts regarding how they are integrated in design situations, and how different types of places and spaces can facilitate or hinder innovation. We have found that, by applying openness, realism, and influence in the different spaces of our living lab milieus, they have transformed into many different places depending on the stakeholders involved, the methods chosen, and the facilitation of activities. Hence, by understanding this line of reasoning, living lab managers can make more informed decisions and plans for innovation activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 37-47 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/951 %N 12 %1 Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Pro-Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing, and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published over 60 articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. %2 Halmstad University Carina Ihlström Eriksson is Associate Professor in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden, where she is also the manager of Halmstad Living Lab. Carina’s research interests concerns digital innovation services, user and stakeholder involvement in innovation processes, living labs, value networks, and business models within the application areas of media and health innovation. She has published more than 50 articles within these areas and has managed and participated in numerous research projects. %3 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the IoT Lab project financed by the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/951 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Coordination and Participation in Living Lab Networks %A Seppo Leminen %K bottom-up %K coordination %K enabler-driven %K exhalation-dominated %K inhalation-dominated %K innovation approach %K Living lab %K living lab network %K Open innovation %K open innovation network %K participation %K provider-driver %K top-down %K User-driven %K utilizer-driven %X Previous research on living labs has emphasized the importance of users and a real-life environment. However, the existing scholarly discourse lacks understanding of innovation mechanisms in diverse living lab networks, especially from the perspectives of coordination and participation. This study addresses the research gaps by constructing a framework for analyzing coordination (i.e., top-down versus bottom-up) and participation (i.e., inhalation-dominated versus exhalation-dominated) approaches in living lab networks. The classification is based on a literature review and an analysis of 26 living labs in four countries. Given that inhalation and exhalation dominance have not been discussed previously in the innovation literature, the study provides novel ways for both scholars and managers wishing to exploit or explore innovations in living labs. The framework reveals the opportunities for practitioners of innovation with respect to coordination and participation in living lab networks. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-14 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/740 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in numerous scholarly journals, including Management Decision, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/740 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Linking Living Lab Characteristics and Their Outcomes: Towards a Conceptual Framework %A Carina Veeckman %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K co-creation %K innovation ecosystem %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user involvement %X Despite almost a decade of living lab activity all over Europe, there still is a lack of empirical research into the practical implementation and the related outcomes of living labs. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to create a better understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of living labs. We investigate three living labs in Belgium and one in Finland to learn how the different building blocks of living lab environments contribute to the outputs of innovation projects launched within the lab. The findings imply that managers and researchers contemplating innovation in living labs need to consider the intended inputs and outcomes, and reframe their innovation activities accordingly. We formulate practical guidelines on how living labs should be managed on the levels of community interaction, stakeholder engagement, and methodological setup to succeed in implementing living lab projects and to create user-centred innovations. That way, living lab practitioners can work towards a more sustainable way of setting up living labs that can run innovation projects over a longer period of time. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-15 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/748 %N 12 %1 iMinds Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform (FLELLAP), which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, and the willingness to share location information when using these applications. %2 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman is a Senior Researcher at the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and is responsible for the methodology of living lab projects facilitated by iMinds iLab.o. His involvement in living labs started in 2010 with the Mediatuin and LeYLab living labs. To date, he has managed over 30 concrete living lab projects that deal with new media and innovative use of ICT. He is currently finishing his PhD on living labs at Ghent University in Belgium. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/748 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T A Living Lab as a Service: Creating Value for Micro-enterprises through Collaboration and Innovation %A Anna Ståhlbröst %K experience-based values %K innovation intermediary %K Living lab %K micro-enterprise %K value %X The need to innovate is increasingly important for all types and sizes of organizations, but the opportunities for innovation differ substantially between them. For micro-, small,- and medium-sized enterprises, innovation activities are both crucial and demanding because of limited resources, competencies, or vision to innovate their offerings. To support these organizations, the concept of living labs as a service has started to emerge. This concept refers to living labs offering services such as designing the idea-generation processes, planning or carrying out real-world tests of innovations, and pre-market launch assessments. In this article, we will present the findings from a study of micro-enterprises operating in the information technology development sector, including the experienced value of services provided to the companies by a research-based living lab. We share experiences from Botnia, our own living lab in northern Sweden. In this living lab, our aim of creating value for customers is of key importance. Our study shows that using a living lab as a service can generate three different types of value: improved innovations, the role the living lab can play, and the support the living lab offers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 37-42 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/744 %N 11 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a Senior Lecturer in Social Informatics at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, where she also holds a PhD in Social Informatics. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in service innovation and end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she has contributed to the field with more than forty journal and conference articles. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/744 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A Small-Firm Perspective on the Benefits of Living Labs %A Veli-Pekka Niitamo %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K energy efficiency %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K managerial challenges %K Open innovation %K User-driven %X Decreasing energy consumption is a global priority and the energy market is in constant change. The search for energy-saving innovations provides an opportunity to initiate a user-centered approach using the living labs model. This article describes how Process Vision, a small-yet-leading Northern European provider of energy IT systems, applied the livings labs approach to develop novel energy-efficiency management solutions. We discuss the company’s participation in the APOLLON consortium, a cross-border living labs initiative on energy efficiency. More specifically, we describe the Finland-based company’s experiences of a pilot project launched in the living lab and report on the perceived managerial challenges of applying the living labs approach from the perspective of a small firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 44-49 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/608 %N 9 %1 University of Ulster Veli-Pekka Niitamo, M.Sc. (Eng.&Eco.), M.A (eq. Applied Psychology), is a Visiting Professor in Innovation Management at the University of Ulster. He also holds business position as a senior advisor to Process Vision, and is the Director of the national export cluster Future Learning Finland. Veli-Pekka was the first Chairman of European Living Lab Group 2006-2009 (now known as EnoLL). He has served several global executive roles at the United Nations Secretariat in New York, Jaakko Pöyry Consulting in London, and the Nokia Corporation in Espoo and Amsterdam. In addition, he serves as a research director at Aalto University and was a visiting scientist at Leiden University and teacher at Helsinki University. He also sits on several living labs/innovation centre boards. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/608 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Managing the Challenges of Becoming an Open Innovation Company: Experiences from Living Labs %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K User-driven %X High-technology firms have paved the way for user-driven innovations, but now even traditional industries are becoming increasingly open. This shift is a great challenge for companies with instituted practices, policies, and customer relationships. In this article, we identify four distinct steps in becoming an open innovation company based on our recent research into firms’ experiences with living lab experiments in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. We describe these phases and illustrate the divergent roles that users play in each one. We conclude with a discussion on the differences between the management challenges of conventional development projects versus the open innovation model. For all firms that wish to become open innovators, we recommend that their managers promote an open organizational mindset and apply groupware that supports increased openness, because traditional project management tools are insufficient for open innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 19-25 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/489 %N 1 %1 University of California Berkeley and Aalto University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.), holds positions as Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and Postdoctoral Researcher in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research are reported in numerous scholarly journals. %2 Laurea University and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects in ICT and media industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/489