@article {1481,
	title = {The Impact of FinTech and Blockchain Technologies on Banking and Financial Services},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {22010204},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {-},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {With the emergence of new technologies, banks and financial services around the globe are taking advantage. The rapid development of information technology, internet connectivity, and smartphones has influenced the banking and financial services sector. The combination of financial technology (FinTech) and blockchain is deliberately transforming digital banking services. This study explores the intervention of FinTech and blockchain technologies in digital banking and financial services. The present study shows that FinTech and blockchain have a strong influence on the digitalization trends. The research focuses on processes of modernization in banking and financial services in addition to particular focus on the community.},
	keywords = {Blockchain Technology, decentralized finance, digital banking, FinTech},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1481},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1481},
	author = {Anitha Kumari and N. Chitra Devi}
}
@article {1463,
	title = {A Closer Look at Living Labs and Higher Education using a Scoping Review},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {30-40},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {30},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {As society changes rapidly, there is a need to educate professionals who contribute to innovation and complex adaptations in organizations. As part of this education, companies, governmental bodies and other stakeholders have sought collaboration on complex issues in "living labs". Living labs are recognized as educational environments to prepare students in higher education for future roles. The aim of this article is to explore the nature and extent of the scientific literature about living labs in which actors in higher education actively participate. In total, 21 articles were included in this scoping review. Research into this topic appears to be relatively new. Definitions of living labs are mostly in line with the definition used by the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL), with its large variation of lab locations. Few results about organization and governance were identified. Different lessons learned regarding processes, interaction and requirements for successful living labs were found. The design of learning is mostly described by learning activities. Learning outcomes are described in generic and specific competences and assessments in living labs are rarely described. The authors recommend more detailed studies into aspects of the successful participation of higher education to gain knowledge about enhancing learning outcomes, and the effects of educational activities within living lab environments.},
	keywords = {approaches, definitions, higher education, key elements, Living lab, scoping review},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1463},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1463},
	author = {Ren{\'e}e van den Heuvel and Susy Braun and Manon de Bruin and Ramon Dani{\"e}ls}
}
@article {1441,
	title = {Developing Social Impact Evaluation Methods for Research: viewpoints on commercialization and sustainability},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	pages = {44-53},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {44},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The social contributions of research activities have become more and more important in the rapidly changing innovation environment. Despite the fact that industrial commercialization of research results constitutes one of the most essential drivers for innovation and competitiveness, most generally used social impact evaluation criteria do not include clear metrics involving research commercialization possibilities. In a similar manner, principles regarding sustainable development have been largely omitted from the impact criteria. This paper considers the "broader impacts criteria" (BIC) model developed for social impact evaluation in the National Science Foundation in United States. We propose extensions to the BIC criteria related to commercialization and sustainable development viewpoints on impact evaluation. This paper also considers a newly introduced extension to BIC, called "inclusion-immediacy criteria" (IIC). Based on it, we propose an extended version of the model that aims to additionally evaluate the impact of research from a commercialization point of view.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1441},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1441},
	author = {Leena Kunttu and Helka Kalliom{\"a}ki and Sorin Dan and Jari Kuusisto}
}
@article {1461,
	title = {Expect the Unexpected: Investigating co-creation projects in a Living Lab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {6-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {6},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Living Labs (LLs) are complex multi-stakeholder environments that enable real-life testing and experimentation of products, services, and systems. Despite increasing attention by practitioners as well as policymakers, and growing scholarly interest in the field, the literature exploring congruency between organisational objectives and outcomes when utilising LLs is still scarce. To fill this gap, a qualitative case study is employed to gain an in-depth understanding of objectives and project outcomes of organisations utilising LLs. The LL JOSEPHS{\textregistered} was chosen as this study{\textquoteright}s empirical context, in which 14 different projects were analysed. In-depth interviews revealed eight categories of measurable project outcomes: market acceptance, price acceptability, exposure, product testing, market intelligence, legitimisation, method testing, and networking. This study not only highlights what companies have achieved in comparison to their original project objectives, but also identifies additional unplanned outcomes that they accomplished. The findings offer important project-level insights into the potential and limitations of LLs. The results form a basis upon which to develop a better understanding of how innovation performance can be nurtured in LLs. Insights from the study may also help firms and facilitators by providing a deeper understanding of LLs at an individual project-level, and by articulating potential objectives and outcomes associated with organisations{\textquoteright} involvement in LLs.},
	keywords = {co-creation, innovation, Innovation management, Living lab, Open innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1461},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1461},
	author = {Katharina De Vita and Riccardo De Vita}
}
@article {1462,
	title = {Human Factors in Living Lab Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {21-29},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {21},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Human factors research is still in its infancy in healthcare and other fields. Yet it has the potential to allow organisations and living labs to assess and improve innovation quality, while closely involving potential end users. "Human factors" involve a scientific focus on the interaction between individuals and systems with the goal of improving safety, performance, and user acceptability. Studies simulating challenging real-life circumstances in selected samples and using a multi-method approach can provide important insights for organisations and governments and allow for better and safer services for the end user. By combining existing theory and case examples, the current paper aims to situate human factors research and to help researchers determine when and how this methodology could be applied.},
	keywords = {human factors, Living lab, methodology, safety, usability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1462},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1462},
	author = {Nele A.J. De Witte and Leen Broeckx and Sascha Vermeylen and Vicky Van Der Auwera and Tom Van Daele}
}
@article {1447,
	title = {Learning from Early Adopters of Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Review of Supply Chain Case Studies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {19-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {19},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Blockchain technology is widely seen as a promising technology for global supply chains, though early adoption of the technology is both costly and risky. Along with many other discouraging factors, large investments required to enter or develop a blockchain raise barriers to entry. Concerns about potential benefits, on the other hand, have led to companies questioning whether it is worth it. Consequently, many players in the global arena are still preferring to wait by observing current practices before making investments, while trying to figure out what the technology might bring them. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to research various implementations of blockchain technology in supply chains, in order to learn from its early adopters. For this purpose, we chose case studies as the research method, which we used in a systematic way. We focused on multiple relevant case studies from previous research concerning the use of blockchain technology in supply chain practices. Through a systematic analysis of case studies, the study paper aims at bringing forward different views, approaches and results about blockchain adoption, as a way to show the pros and cons of adopting the technology under certain circumstances. The previous research was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. This paper contributes to the literature by showcasing the use of blockchain in supply chains via multiple cases to learn from early blockchain adopters in supply chain practices.
},
	keywords = {blockchain, digitalization, distributed ledger technology, supply chain, systematic review},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1447},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1447},
	author = {Sevda Dede and Mesut Can K{\"o}seo{\u g}lu and H. Funda Yercan}
}
@article {1421,
	title = {Simulating a Biorefinery Ecosystem to Manage and Motivate Sustainable Regional Nutrient Circulation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {02/2021},
	pages = {33-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {33},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Creating an ecologically sustainable circulation of nutrients requires local solutions with commitment from all participating parties. Due to vast differences between various regions, it is very complicated, if not impossible, to create fair, simple, and applicable legislation that can consider all of these differences in a meaningful way. Thus, there is a need for clear and easy ways of developing sustainable and viable solutions locally, as well as communicating them with local community and all the way up to the supervising governmental representatives. To meet this need, we developed a simulation tool that allows the user to explore the effectiveness and impact of a local biorefinery in waste management. As an iterative model based on state machine agents, it can easily be modified for a multitude of scenarios with changes taking place over time, while considering the viewing points of all involved. In this article, we report the first version of this tool and demonstrate its usefulness in estimating suitable biogas reactor size in a biorefinery.},
	keywords = {Bioreactor, circular economy, nutrient recycling, simulation, waste management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1421},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1421},
	author = {Olli Koskela and Clemens Dempers and Maritta Kym{\"a}l{\"a}inen and Jarkko Nummela}
}
@article {1414,
	title = {SMEs and the Innovation Management Process:  A multi-level process conceptual framework},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2021},
	pages = {22-33},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {22},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to manage the innovation process in small businesses. It is based on research from 11 case studies in the Montreal software industry using contingency and resource dependency theories. This conceptual framework provides a view of the innovation process that differs from the linear approach often used in many studies to investigate innovation in small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). The linear approach considers the process as a set of activities that includes developing from one stage to another, while depending on the previous one. We conceptualize the innovation process in small businesses as an interactive process that involves a set of six subprocesses and several keys points of resources mobilization, which requires interacting with both internal and external business actors. Successful mobilization of innovation resources at all key points determines the success or failure of SMEs{\textquoteright} innovation processes.},
	keywords = {innovation, Innovation management, innovation process, small business},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1414},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1414},
	author = {Angelo Dossou-Yovo and Christian Keen}
}
@article {1386,
	title = {Designing a Visual Tool for Teaching and Learning Front-End Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {14},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This paper presents work on the design and development of a guided visual tool, the project client map (PCM), which is intended to assist students in their class projects solving real-world problems with industry clients. We use a design science research approach to contribute to existing knowledge through the design of an artefact (the PCM) that has a clear educational and learning goal, and that provides utility. Circumscribing a problem is an essential step to seed the ideation process in front-end innovation. While this step can employ existing tools that focus separately on the organisational, environmental, and human contexts of the problem under scrutiny, there is no formalised roadmap for how to integrate these tools. The PCM addresses this gap. We present a first version of the PCM in this paper, which will be refined in further work.},
	keywords = {design thinking, Evidence-based Learning, Evidence-based Teaching, front-end innovation, Problematisation, Visual tools},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1386},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1386},
	author = {Priscilla Kan John and Emmaline Lear and Patrick L{\textquoteright}Espoir Decosta and Shirley Gregor and Stephen Dann and Ruonan Sun}
}
@article {1344,
	title = {Digitalization and SMEs{\textquoteright} Export Management: Impacts on Resources and Capabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {18-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {18},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digitalization is becoming an increasingly central issue for companies. However, most companies, and in particular SMEs, are struggling to engage in a coherent global digital transformation process. Indeed, digitalization affects much of a company{\textquoteright}s organizational strategy, including the development of market opportunities. Digitalization has been identified as an element that fosters the internationalization of SMEs. However, the integration of digital technology requires investments and changes in a company{\textquoteright}s internal practices through the mobilization of new resources, as well as by implementing specific capabilities to manage them. The objective of this research work is therefore to examine the impact of SMEs{\textquoteright} digital transformation on their internationalization capability. Relying on an extensive exploratory literature review, digital facilitators were identified and classified into three categories: e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-business. Then, a cross-analysis between the identification of digital facilitators from the literature and a framework of SMEs{\textquoteright} export practices (the Potential Export Index, Enjolras et al., 2016) was conducted in order to highlight differentiated impacts that can be theoretically identified. The most impacted export practices are related to the strategic vision of the firm, the customization of its offerings, its network dynamic, and its internal organization. E-commerce facilitators concern the supply chain organization, e-marketing facilitators are related to communications and customer relations, and e-business facilitators impact the company as a whole.},
	keywords = {digitalization, export practices, facilitators, impacts, SME},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1344},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1344},
	author = {Benjamin Dethine and Manon Enjolras and Davy Monticolo}
}
@article {1385,
	title = {Human-Centered Design for Collaborative Innovation in Knowledge-based Economies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This research explores a university-industry collaboration based on the case study of an innovation project based on Stanford University{\textquoteright}s ME310 Design Innovation program. The Porto Design Factory and IKEA Industry joined forces to tackle a problem using what has come to be called a human-centered design approach. The case study provides an understanding of outcomes that reveal the potential of using a human-centered design approach to solve technical problems while enhancing customer experience. It also identifies the benefits that each institution gained by collaborating. The outcomes show that companies benefit from building interfaces with external partners, and that universities are relevant players in the innovation ecosystem, satisfying their third mission of being entrepreneurial institutions.},
	keywords = {co-creation, design thinking, Human-Centered Design, innovation, ME310, new product development, Project-based Learning, University-Industry Collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1385},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1385},
	author = {Tiago Filipe Pereira da Silva and Jo{\~a}o Paulo Coelho Marques}
}
@article {1400,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}I Stood By and Watched{\textquotedblright}:  An Autoethnography of Stakeholder Participation in a Living Lab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11/2020},
	pages = {19-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {19},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {An emerging and innovative way of organizing projects in health technology and innovation is the so-called "living lab" Because of their characteristics, living labs may provide a solution to a very old problem: how to facilitate the meaningful participation of stakeholders in science and technology? In this article, I (we use a first-person perspective in the paper) aim to contribute to the literature by providing an account of my experiences as a participation researcher with stakeholder participation in a living lab in the Netherlands. I participated in a yearlong project on ensuring freedom for residents in a closed psychogeriatric ward. Using three key moments from that experience, I illustrate why participation was the intention, but was harder to achieve in practice. Participation processes and living labs are situated in specific social and physical contexts. I discuss the "situatedness" of living labs and propose to reconceptualize them as "situated practices" the value of a living lab lies in the processes of work it conducts on specific innovations situated in its local context. A key conclusion is that providing narrative descriptions of living lab projects, with attention to situatedness and stakeholder participation, can provide invaluable examples, insights, and inspirations for other researchers in the field.},
	keywords = {dementia, health technology, living labs, nursing home, psychogeriatric care, situated practice, stakeholder participation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1400},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1400},
	author = {Samuel Schrevel and Meralda Slager and Erwin de Vlugt}
}
@article {1369,
	title = {Technology Adaptation and Survival of SMEs: A Longitudinal Study of Developing Countries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {64-72},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {64},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In the current era of internationalizing business activities and globalizating markets, technology has become an essential tool for enhancing market competitiveness. With globalization, a country{\textquoteright}s economic and business scenarios can change drastically. Many companies have seized on opportunities to pursue, and sometimes achieve economies of scale. Especially in some countries, however, the technological revolution creates significant challenges for small business entrepreneurs. Technological development plays a pivotal role in making small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competitive, as well as leading to sustainable growth. Under such circumstances, it is relevant to consider a country{\textquoteright}s technological environment for ways that can lead SMEs towards sustainable development. In the present study, we explore the impact of volatility in technological environments on the sustainability of SMEs in developing countries with emerging economies. We use the Global Competitive Index Report for the period 2012-2016, in which six parameters were applied to define the technological environment of developing nations. Two factors, namely, institutional capabilities and external capabilities emerged as significant factors according to factor analysis. We also studied the impact of emerging factors in new technological environments on the sustainability of SMEs in the specific time period using a regression analysis. The results indicate that both institutional capabilities and external capabilities become significant when time is taken as a selection variable. The highly significance of the time variable indicates the dynamism of today{\textquoteright}s technological environments. As well, institutional capabilities were found to have a strong impact on a business{\textquoteright} sustainability, in comparison with external capabilities and the high level of technological volatility.},
	keywords = {developing countries, SME, sustainability, technological environment, technology readiness},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1369},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1369},
	author = {Supriyo Das and Amit Kundu and Arabinda Bhattacharya}
}
@article {1379,
	title = {A Triadic Actor View of Value Co-creation in Business Incubation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {27-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {27},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this paper we view an incubator as a service entity that may take different forms. We contribute to the literature by exploring the utility of the service-dominant logic (SDL) paradigm (Vargo \&amp; Lusch, 2016) to better understand incubation operations. Value co-creation is a central axiom of SDL, as is engagement with a supporting service ecosystem. Whilst some studies have considered dyadic incubator-client value creation arrangements, we extend this to include interaction with other service ecosystem stakeholders that we characterise as investors. This way a triadic interaction model is presented. We consider four different cases of a service entity supporting start-up development from this actor-oriented perspective. Adopting a client company perspective, we draw a parallel between various kinds of incubation services and department stores, where clients may access what they need when they need it from a variety of offerings, and obtain the assistance they require.},
	keywords = {co-working, incubators, investors, knowledge-sharing, service ecosystems, service entities, service-dominant logic, stakeholders, triadic relationships., value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1378},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1378},
	author = {Ronald Beckett and John Dalrymple}
}
@article {1352,
	title = {Trust, Transparency and Security in the Sharing Economy: What is the Government{\textquoteright}s Role?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {05/2020},
	pages = {5-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {To obtain access to goods or services between people or stakeholders, some collaboration between actors is a necessary component. Sharing and a sharing economy is closely related to trust. Within the context of {\textquoteright}the{\textquoteright} sharing economy, especially digital trust is assumed to play a crucial role. Access to information is a crucial digital cue which can lead to trust yet, sharing economies are subject to asymmetry of information, wherein certain actors have limited access to market information on the consumption behaviour of users, the pricing of a product and, the reliability of peers. The lack of confidential market information between actors is thus limiting the potential for collaboration, as it reduces trust between them. Governments are amongst the (usually more trustworthy) candidates to undertake critical roles in enhancing the sharing of sensitive data. This paper aims to identify the role of government in facilitating and enabling data sharing between various actors in sharing economies. In this paper, we analyse the adequacy of a government{\textquoteright}s potential role in enabling transparency, trust and security, while operating within a sharing economy scenario, based on two case studies. Additionally, the role of technology is briefly defined for digital platforms and for blockchain-based opportunities for sharing economies. The use cases for the paper concern a digital platform for industrial symbioses, and peer-to-peer electricity trading based on blockchain technology.},
	keywords = {blockchain, government, network, P2P, peer-to-peer, sharing economy, trust},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1352},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1352},
	author = {Ruben D{\textquoteright}Hauwers and Jacobus van der Bank and Mehdi Montakhabi}
}
@article {1356,
	title = {Understanding Civic Crowdfunding as a Mechanism for Leveraging Civic Engagement and Urban Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {05/2020},
	pages = {51-66},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {51},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article studies the emergence of government-initiated civic crowdfunding platforms. Such platforms can be considered as governmental responses for bottom-up peer-to-peer support mechanisms related to urban innovation, which also allows top-down governance and governmental support systems for civic entrepreneurship. To better understand the implications of these innovative ICT-enabled interaction interfaces for collective urban innovation, this study investigates participation inequalities from the perspective of campaign instigators, using in-depth interviews (N=28), and from the perspective of the citizen-funder, using a survey (N=265). The analysis shows that urban crowdfunding practices mainly contribute to higher-level development of collective identities with increased neighborhood capacities. Although participation in such ICT-enabled interaction interfaces could reinforce digital inequalities and existing power balances, this research shows a more nuanced perspective, in which online and offline practices intertwine. Furthermore, while civic crowdfunding campaigns are driven by a traditional {\textquoteright}participation elite{\textquoteright}, the deliberation process on development projects involves new publics that are not typically engaged in civic activities. Hence, civic crowdfunding formulates a new mode of civic engagement in which institutional involvement acts as a trust broker between civic funders and civic entrepreneurs, as well as adding legitimacy to innovation processes in the public sphere.},
	keywords = {Civic crowdfunding, Civic engagement, Civic entrepreneurship, Civic identity, Digital citizenship, Participation inequalities, Peer-to-peer economy, Social cohesion, Urban innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1356},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1356},
	author = {Bastiaan Baccarne and Tom Evens and Lieven De Marez}
}
@article {1252,
	title = {Business Model Architecture by Design},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {16-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we view business models as complex deal-making activity systems organized to create, deliver, and capture value. Unlike some other viewpoints, we emphasize both system components and their interconnection. Business activities are carried out by a network of actors drawing on a network of resources, and individual firms seek to configure these intersecting networks to enhance their competitive positioning. The business model literature refers to the significance of antecedent activities in providing context {\textendash} opportunities the firm decides to pursue, the strategy adopted, and requisite capabilities. Drawing on this literature, we propose an approach to framing business model context. Drawing on the information systems literature, we identify a toolkit facilitating activity system architecture design. We suggest how this both draws out the underlying complexity of a business model and shows how a multiplicity of views makes sense.},
	keywords = {activity theory, architecture, business model, business networks, design, dynamic capabilities, ISO/IEC 42010, multiple viewpoints, relationship matrix, strategy, Zachman framework},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1252},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1252},
	author = {Ronald C. Beckett and John Dalrymple}
}
@article {1283,
	title = {Design Rules for {\textquoteleft}Triple Helix{\textquoteright} Organizations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {11/2019},
	pages = {54-63},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {54},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The image of the triple helix with three forces spiraling around each other has proven to be a powerful and inspiring image of the collaboration between government, business, and academia. The partners in such collaborative arrangements no doubt share an interest in making the collaboration successful. However, they also have specific interests and goals of their own. Too many triple helix arrangements have failed, because they did not consider this basic fact. Achieving their own goals is not necessarily the intention with which partners enter the collaborative effort, but they may well end up following this strategy. We start this paper with a brief description of what can be considered a typical case of \&lsquo;successful failure\&rsquo; in a triple helix organization. We then review the literature regarding reasons for success or failure of triple helix organizations. We find that transparency and credible sanctions for self-interested behaviour are important requirements for successful triple helix arrangements. We then use notions from cybernetics and organizational design to develop basic rules for the design of triple helix arrangements. Basically, these rules and arrangements aim to ensure that self-interest and common purpose will concur.},
	keywords = {design rules, leadership, motivation, sanctions, triple helix},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1283},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1283},
	author = {Ben Dankbaar}
}
@article {1207,
	title = {Editorial: Technology Commercialization and Entrepreneurship (January 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {3-8},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {commercialization, digitalization, e-leadership, entrepreneurship, framework, innovation, internationalization, legitimacy, management, SMEs, startups, technology, technology intensity, ventures},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1207},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1207},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Ferran Giones and Dev K. Dutta}
}
@article {1275,
	title = {Giving Science Innovation Systems a {\textquoteright}Nudge{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {10/2019},
	pages = {51-61},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {51},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article we consider the role that contextual factors play in science innovation systems \&ndash; that is, the choice architecture, that influences the orientation and outcomes of publicly-funded research. More specifically, we examine how choice architects, particularly policymakers and funding administrators, can affect the decision-making behaviour of researchers. The context for today\&rsquo;s science innovation systems continues to shift as governments seek solutions to the world\&rsquo;s \&ldquo;grand societal challenges\&rdquo;, such as climate change and ageing populations, in addition to greater and more demonstrable impact from funded research. This means that the assumptions of \&ldquo;basic research [being] performed without thought of practical ends\&rdquo; (Bush, 1945) that have shaped such projects, actually run counter to the growing expectations of greater commercialisation and use of multidisciplinary mission-led approaches. We argue that a closer examination of the choice architecture for publicly-funded research is required to understand and address how these potentially conflicting objectives may be pursued most productively through interventions that could form the basis of a novel, behaviourally-based toolkit for science innovation policy.},
	keywords = {behavioural economics, behavioural science, choice architecture, innovation policy, mission-led science, research impact.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1275},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1275},
	author = {Kirsty de Jong and Urs Daellenbach and Sally Davenport and Jarrod Haar and Shirley Leitch}
}
@article {1239,
	title = {How to Develop an Impactful Action Research Program: Insights and Lessons from a Case Study},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {05/2019},
	pages = {34-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Action research holds great potential for helping bridge the gap between research and practice. By working closely together, researchers and practitioners can develop tangible customized solutions based on research findings. It becomes possible to go beyond generic best practices that might need adaptation for successful implementation and use, or that may not apply at all in some contexts. In this article, the mechanisms through which action research can create the desired change and impact in both industry and academia are illustrated by describing the relevance and contribution of the main steps of a longitudinal action research program in a Canadian manufacturing company. The authors share four guiding principles and six success factors that were revealed intuitively in the course of this multi-year research program. Their hope is to contribute to a better understanding of how it is possible to develop an adaptive action research methodology to increase the potential for research relevance and organizational change. },
	keywords = {action research, guiding principles, Innovation management, research practice gap, success factors},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1239},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1239},
	author = {Victoria Lakiza and Isabelle Deschamps}
}
@article {1229,
	title = {Navigating Boundaries in Additive Manufacturing through Action Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	pages = {7-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Action research {\textendash} both as praxis but also from a critical orientation {\textendash} can elaborate modes of action, identifying the borders and margins that act as both the productive spaces for collaboration as well as the fuzzy areas that require reflection and clarification. In this exploratory case study, action research is used to follow an additive manufacturing project team in real time as it navigates fuzzy areas to integrate knowledge to produce commercializable science innovation in one of New Zealand{\textquoteright}s National Science Challenges (NSC): Science for Technological Innovation {\textendash} Kia Kotahi Mai: Te Ao Putaiao me Te Ao Hangarau (SfTI). Through action research as praxis and as critical orientation, we have identified key mechanisms in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research for commercialization, particularly in the context of New Zealand{\textquoteright}s indigenous M{\={a}}ori people. Our preliminary analysis indicates that an explicit understanding of the fuzzy spaces can help teams find creative and collaborative means to navigate the productive but challenging {\textquotedblleft}interstices of disciplines{\textquotedblright} (Mengis et al., 2018) to produce science innovation and discoveries and to galvanize relationships with industry and M{\={a}}ori participants. The findings also indicate that action research can promote structural, relational, and knowledge changes within teams, helping them solve complex problems in real time. },
	keywords = {action research, critical orientation, innovation, science, SfTI, transformative praxis},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1229},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1229},
	author = {Katharina Ruckstuhl and Rafaela C. C. Rabello and Sally Davenport}
}
@article {1208,
	title = {Strategy-as-Process in a Technology Venture: A Case Study of Pivots, Pauses, Partners, and Progress},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {9-19},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology commercialization is an often nonlinear process that tends to pass through various {\textquotedblleft}stages{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}phases{\textquotedblright} as a venture attempts to shepherd a technology from the laboratory to marketplace. Between these phases are {\textquotedblleft}junctures{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}transitions{\textquotedblright} that present particular challenges for entrepreneurs as they often comprise fundamental changes to the venture instead of simply scaled versions of previous challenges. In this study, we use a participant-observer methodology to deeply explore how a technology venture in the renewable energy sector negotiated these transitions. Our findings highlight the development of a {\textquotedblleft}repertoire{\textquotedblright} of tools entrepreneurs can use to help successfully negotiate these transitions. },
	keywords = {innovation systems, managing critical junctures and transitions, process research, technology commercialization, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = { http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1208},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1208},
	author = {Andrew G. Earle and Michael J. Merenda and J. Matthew Davis}
}
@article {1139,
	title = {Convergent Innovation in Food through Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Societal-Scale Inclusive Growth},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {02/2018},
	pages = {49-65},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Inclusive innovation has not yet reached societal scale due to a well-entrenched divide between wealth creation and social equity. Taking food as the initial test bed, we have proposed the convergent innovation model to address such challenges still facing 21st century society by bridging sectors and disciplines around an integrated goal on both sides of the social-economic divide for innovations that target wealth creation with an upfront consideration of its externalities. The convergent innovation model is empowered by two key enablers that integrate an advanced digital infrastructure with leading scientific knowledge on the drivers of human behaviour in varying contexts. This article discusses the structure, methods, and development of an artificial intelligence platform to support convergent innovation. Insights are gathered on consumer sentiment and behavioural drivers through the analysis of user-generated content on social media platforms. Empirical results show that user discussions related to marketing, consequences, and occasions are positive. Further regression modelling finds that economic consequences are a strong predictor of consumer global sentiment, but are also sensitive to both the actual price and economic awareness. This finding has important implications for inclusive growth and further emphasizes the need for affordable and accessible foods, as well as for consumer education. Challenges and opportunities inspired by the research results are discussed to inform the design, marketing, and delivery of convergent innovation products and services, while also contributing to dimensions of inclusion and economic performance for equitable health and wealth.},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, convergent innovation, food, social media, user-generated content},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1139},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1139},
	author = {Laurette Dub{\'e} and Pan Du and Cameron McRae and Neha Sharma and Srinivasan Jayaraman and Jian-Yun Nie}
}
@article {1168,
	title = {How to Develop Innovation KPIs in an Execution-Oriented Company},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {14-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Numerous established companies look for ways to rejuvenate their innovation capabilities, as it is essential for their long-term survival. One way is through the development of key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure innovation success. However, the wrong performance measurement approach can hinder innovation efforts. This case study explores the steps and challenges associated with the development of innovation KPIs in an established execution-oriented manufacturing company. Three prerequisites are proposed for such a project in a similar context: 1) a minimal maturity level of innovation processes, 2) strategic alignment, and 3) commitment to innovation. It is also proposed that, in such an execution-oriented company, it might be more effective to start with KPIs that would encourage behaviours more favourable to innovation. Then, with stronger innovation capabilities, it will be easier to develop appropriate KPIs to measure the success of innovation endeavours. },
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1168},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1168},
	author = {Victoria Lakiza and Isabelle Deschamps}
}
@article {1161,
	title = {In Competition with Oneself: A Qualitative Inquiry into Amazon{\textquoteright}s Entrepreneurial Culture},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {06/2018},
	pages = {5-14},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Utilizing a historiographic approach based on Amazon{\textquoteright}s Letters to Shareholders (LTS) over a twenty-year timeframe (1997{\textendash}2016), this article identifies the discerning features of the company{\textquoteright}s entrepreneurial culture that enabled it to become one of today{\textquoteright}s most innovative organizations. A content analysis of the LTS while coding for underlying theoretical themes reveals Amazon{\textquoteright}s entrepreneurial culture has been increasingly celebrating a spirit of {\textquotedblleft}Self-Competition{\textquotedblright}, and by embracing ideas such as {\textquotedblleft}Day 1 Mentality{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Customer Centricity{\textquotedblright}, and {\textquotedblleft}Human Capital Focus{\textquotedblright}. The study findings have useful insights for entrepreneurs, founding teams, and corporate managers engaged in developing an entrepreneurial culture within their own organizations.},
	keywords = {corporate entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation, qualitative methods},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1161},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1161},
	author = {Dev K. Dutta}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {Inclusive Innovation in Biohacker Spaces: The Role of Systems and Networks},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {02/2018},
	pages = {27-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we examine the development of biohacker spaces and their impact on innovation systems through the lens of inclusive innovation. Examining issues associated with people, activities, outcomes, and governance, we observe that biohacker spaces offer an alternative approach to biotechnological research outside the orthodox walls of academia, industry, and government. We explain that harnessing the full innovative potential of these spaces depends on flexible legal and regulatory systems, including appropriate biosafety regulations and intellectual property policies and practices, and organic, community-based social and financial networking.},
	keywords = {biohacker spaces, biohacking, biotechnology, crowdfunding, inclusive innovation, innovation, law, regulation, social networks},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1137},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1137},
	author = {Jeremy de Beer and Vipal Jain}
}
@article {1179,
	title = {Mixing Practices to Create Transdisciplinary Innovation: A Design-Based Approach},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {60-65},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {As the problems that are our organizations are facing become more complex, dynamic, and networked, they will need to become more flexible in their ability to respond. These complex networked problem situations often cannot be tackled from a single-discipline perspective, and thus transdisciplinary innovation {\textendash} that is, innovation across and between disciplinary fields {\textendash} is becoming more important. But how can we achieve innovation in those in-between spaces, when all of our knowledge and established approaches are held within the disciplines? In this article, we look beyond the limiting confines of traditional disciplines by seeing them as collections of smaller units of action: practices. After a foray into the anatomy of practices, we discuss how a design-based approach to transdisciplinary thinking creates a framework for the mixing of practices, articulating new insights and creating new possibilities for action in the space between the established professions.},
	keywords = {disciplines, innovation, practice, transdisciplinarity, transdisciplinary education},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1179},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1179},
	author = {Kees Dorst}
}
@article {1196,
	title = {A Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {11/2018},
	pages = {13-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Even though strategic management is highly critical for all types of organizations, only a few maturity models have been proposed in the business literature for the area of strategic management activities. This article updates previous studies and presents a new conceptual model for assessing the maturity of strategic management in any organization. The Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation (S3M-i) is composed of six maturity levels with seven dimensions. The main contribution of the S3M-i is to put innovation into the agenda of strategic management. The main objective of this study is to propose a model to align innovation with business strategies. This article suggests that innovation (new breakthrough products/services and business models) is the only way of creating sustainable growth, and strategy studies cannot ignore this aspect. Maturity models should embrace innovation to respond to the dynamic business environment and rapidly changing customer behaviours.},
	keywords = {business model, innovation, maturity model, strategic management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1196},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1196},
	author = {Ferhat Demir}
}
@article {1191,
	title = {Tread Carefully: Managing Identities and Expectations in High-Tech Industry{\textendash}Academia Collaborations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {10/2018},
	pages = {29-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Industry{\textendash}academia collaborations are in continual flux. The changing role of academics is reflected in the interaction between industry and academia. In this article, we examine how meetings as a genre are used to establish and alter the roles and identities of participants. First, interactional analysis shows that a meeting set-up revolving around academic presentations confirms an old role division between collaborators where academic contributions are vulnerable to undervaluation. Second, we found that so called {\textquotedblleft}leading individuals{\textquotedblright} show critical discourse awareness that allows partners to reposition themselves in relation to each other. They use interactional strategies to create a joint purpose, empower participants to jointly realign, and motivate them to openly share progress. This results in a power shift where academics feel free to pursue their agendas. With this article, we try to understand how the choice of linguistic features shapes social and interpersonal relations in industry{\textendash}academia collaborations by focusing on open innovation as a socially contingent process. },
	keywords = {critical discourse awareness, industry-academia, interaction, leadership, Open innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1191},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1191},
	author = {Els De Maeijer and Tom Van Hout and Mathieu Weggeman and Ger Post}
}
@article {1102,
	title = {Anticipating Alternative Futures for the Platform Economy},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {6-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Despite the considerable hype around platforms, our understanding of what the platform economy means and what drivers will define future development trajectories is limited. Companies and policy makers have a great need to investigate what potential opportunities will arise from the platform economy. A shared perception of uncertainties and a strong vision are prerequisites for the development of the platform economy. In this article, we describe a systematic way to develop a resilient vision for a new platform ecosystem, both from the viewpoint of national policy makers and corporate strategy makers in the heavy engineering industry. The process uses morphological analysis for scenario development and robust portfolio modelling for creating resilient strategies. The results include a list of key uncertainties, three general scenarios (sustainable development by Europe; polarization driven by China and the United States; US-driven fast, unreliable growth) as well as steel-industry specific scenarios based on these uncertainties, elements of a resilient vision, and strategies for coping with the uncertainties described by the scenarios.},
	keywords = {foresight, morphological analysis, platform economy, platforms, portfolio modelling, resilience, scenarios, strategy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1102},
	author = {Mikko Dufva and Raija Koivisto and Leena Ilmola-Sheppard and Seija Junno}
}
@article {1101,
	title = {Editorial: Platforms and Ecosystems (September 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {digital transformation, ecosystems, innovation, orchestrators, platform economy, platforms, stakeholders, startups, strategy, technology, value creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1101},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1101},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Ozgur Dedehayir and Marko Sepp{\"a}nen}
}
@article {1060,
	title = {Opening the Black Box of Ambidexterity: Three Product Development Stories},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	pages = {4-11},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Organizational ambidexterity, which can be roughly defined as the ability for organizations to combine old and new ways of doing things to meet organizational objectives, has drawn considerable attention in the management literature in recent years. Authors distinguish clearly between structural ambidexterity, which implies that ambidextrous organizations are firms in which groups of people concentrate on traditional business or ways of doing things while others explore new avenues, and contextual ambidexterity, which characterizes companies where any individual can be ambidextrous. Our research is positioned in the contextual ambidexterity perspective. In this article, we apply the typology of four ambidextrous behaviours developed by Birkinshaw and Gibson (2004) to increase our understanding of the process whereby organizational actors are able to build on existing capabilities or business processes while developing new ones. Our results indicate that at least three of the ambidextrous behaviours proposed by Birkinshaw and Gibson (2004) (initiator, broker, and multitasker) are helpful to understand how new product development team members rely on proven approaches while simultaneously introducing new ones to successfully overcome daily challenges. Practitioners should be encouraged to become familiar with the concept of ambidexterity, to recognize when and how the successful combination of old and new ways of doing happens, and to promote these occurrences.},
	keywords = {adaptability, alignment, ambidextrous behaviour, contextual ambidexterity, exploitation, exploration, new product development},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1060},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1060},
	author = {John Fiset and Isabelle Dostaler}
}
@article {1054,
	title = {Overcoming Barriers to Experimentation in Business-to-Business Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {02/2017},
	pages = {20-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Business-to-business (B2B) living lab projects have been mentioned in different areas of academic research, but the innovation management literature requires deeper analysis of their potential opportunities and challenges. Real-life experimentation is a key requirement for living labs as it enables deeper insights in the potential success of innovations. However, the literature has not provided insights on how living lab projects can implement real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects and does not describe appropriate conditions for experimentation in these settings. In this study, we identified three main barriers preventing real-life experimentation in B2B living lab projects: the technological complexity, the need for integration, and the difficulty in identifying testers. The barriers are discussed in detailed and potential solutions are provided to help overcome these barriers and stimulate the adoption of real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects.},
	keywords = {B2B, experimentation, living labs, testing, user research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1054},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1054},
	author = {Ruben D{\textquoteright}Hauwers and Aron-Levi Herregodts and Annabel Georges and Lynn Coorevits and Dimitri Schuurman and Olivier Rits and Pieter Ballon}
}
@article {1095,
	title = {A Structured Approach to Academic Technology Transfer: Lessons Learned from imec{\textquoteright}s 101 Programme},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {08/2017},
	pages = {5-14},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we describe imec{\textquoteright}s 101 Programme for academic technology transfer and explain how it supports researchers by following a structured process in a limited amount of time and by carefully involving different stakeholders and people with relevant skills and expertise. The programme combines insights in terms of processes and of team composition from the entrepreneurship literature and puts them into practice in an internal incubation programme that is generated from the bottom-up. Based on hands-on experiences and interviews with key stakeholders in the process, we evaluate the programme and distill lessons learned. The article highlights the importance of a structured technology transfer process in the early stages of opportunity discovery and entrepreneurial action, and it offers insights on team formation for academic spin-offs.},
	keywords = {academic spin-off, entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurship, incubation, research valorization, technology transfer},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1095},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1095},
	author = {Dimitri Schuurman and Stan De Vocht and Sven De Cleyn and Aron-Levi Herregodts}
}
@article {1082,
	title = {Using Artificial Intelligence and Web Media Data to Evaluate the Growth Potential of Companies in Emerging Industry Sectors},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {25-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we describe our efforts to adapt and validate a web search and analytics tool {\textendash} the Gnowit Cognitive Insight Engine {\textendash} to evaluate the growth and competitive potential of new technology startups and existing firms in the newly emerging precision medicine sector. The results are based on two different search ontologies and two different samples of firms. The first sample includes established drug companies operating in the precision medicine field and was used to estimate the relationship between the firms{\textquoteright} innovativeness and the extent of online discussions focusing on their potential growth. The second sample includes new technology firms in the same sector. The firms in the second sample were used as test cases to determine whether their growth-related web search scores would relate to the degree of their innovativeness. The second part of the study applied the same methodology to the real-time monitoring of the firms{\textquoteright} competitive actions. In our findings, we see that our methodology reveals a moderate degree of correlation between the Insight Engine{\textquoteright}s algorithmically computed relevance scores and independent measures of innovation potential. The existence of such correlations invites future work in attempting to analyze company growth potential using techniques founded in web content scraping, natural language processing, and machine learning.},
	keywords = {analytics, artificial intelligence, business intelligence, entrepreneurship, online textual data, precision medicine sector, startup growth potential},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1082},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1082},
	author = {Andrew Droll and Shahzad Khan and Ehsanullah Ekhlas and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1001,
	title = {Assessing Cooperation between Industry and Research Infrastructure in Hungary},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {13-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In developed countries, a large share of R\&D work is performed in universities, but the real significance of their contribution is larger, because they conduct most of the fundamental research. In this article, we examine one aspect of the academic sector that is visible to most outsiders, a field that requires usually the most resources as well: the research infrastructure. Hungary is currently in the process of forming its own National Infrastructure Roadmap. We present the results of a nation-wide survey carried out in 2014 by the National Innovation Office in support of the National Infrastructure Roadmap. The results represent a good starting point for developing measures and setting up goals for scientific fields. With the identification of research infrastructure usage by industry, this method might provide a best practice for other countries to undertake similar evaluations for their respective infrastructures. },
	keywords = {assessment, Hungary, national infrastructure, research infrastructure, survey, university},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1001},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1001},
	author = {Csaba De{\'a}k and Istv{\'a}n Szab{\'o}}
}
@article {1003,
	title = {Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven  Intellectual Property Management},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis {\textendash} rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company{\textquoteright}s IP portfolio.},
	keywords = {business model, competitive advantage, competitive arena, Innovation management, intellectual capital, intellectual property, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1003},
	author = {Daniel Eckelt and Christian D{\"u}lme and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier and Simon Hemel}
}
@article {972,
	title = {Governing Quintuple Helix Innovation: Urban Living Labs and Socio-Ecological Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {03/2016},
	pages = {22-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Growing urbanization puts pressure on both social and ecological systems. This pressure raises complex and multi-facetted challenges that can only be tackled by collaborative and distributed innovation development processes. However, theoretical frameworks that assess such collaborations are often very conceptual, with little focus on the actual governance mechanisms that facilitate them. This article studies the urban living lab concept as an inter-organizational design and multi-stakeholder innovation development process to govern the quintuple helix model for innovation by means of an action research based multidimensional case study design, which focuses on the concepts of innovation democracy, mode 3 knowledge production, the innovation ecosystem as a system of societal subsystems, and socio-ecological transition. In this way, we provide a more profound understanding of such innovation processes to tackle socio-ecological challenges by means of public{\textendash}private interactions driven by eco-entrepreneurship. },
	keywords = {distributed innovation, quintuple helix innovation, social ecology, socio-ecological entrepreneurship, urban living labs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/972},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/972},
	author = {Bastiaan Baccarne and Sara Logghe and Dimitri Schuurman and Lieven De Marez}
}
@article {956,
	title = {The Impact of Living Lab Methodology on Open Innovation Contributions and Outcomes},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {01/2016},
	pages = {7-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open innovation scholars as well as practitioners are still struggling with the practical implementation of open innovation principles in different contexts. In this article, we explore the value of a living lab approach for open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using a case study approach, we compared 27 SME projects conducted by iMinds Living Labs from 2011 to 2015. The results suggest that a real-life intervention and a multi-method approach {\textendash} both of which are methodological characteristics of living lab projects {\textendash} increase the chance of generating actionable user contributions for the innovation under development. Moreover, the results also suggest that a living lab project yields maximal value when evolving from concept towards prototype. Besides these exploratory findings, this article also demonstrates that living lab projects are a perfect "playground" to test and validate assumptions from the open innovation literature.},
	keywords = {collaboration, distributed innovation, entrepreneur, Innovation management, living labs, Open innovation, SME, startup, user innovation, user involvement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/956},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/956},
	author = {Dimitri Schuurman and Lieven De Marez and Pieter Ballon}
}
@article {979,
	title = {Insights from Stimulating Creative Behaviours in a Project-Based Organization Team},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {04/2016},
	pages = {26-33},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Novel and useful ideas and creative behaviours originate in varied work environments, yet the characteristics of work environments that stimulate and foster such creative behaviours are not well defined. The aim of this study was to identify the influences that contribute to creative behaviours in the work environment of a global project-based professional service organization. This article is based on an investigation of the work environment of one project team undertaking interdisciplinary work in the construction of a processing plant in a remote location. This multi-disciplinary team encouraged creative behaviours through regular team meetings, ensuring the presentation of diverse views and commitments to regular interaction and collaboration in co-located environments. In addition, a technology manager dedicated to identifying potential opportunities for patenting and commercialization further extended the creative behaviours of the team by focusing on the best solution for each situation. The study contributes new knowledge to research regarding work environments that facilitate creative behaviours.},
	keywords = {creative behaviours, problem solving, teams, work environments},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/979},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/979},
	author = {Tracy Stanley and Judy Matthews and Paul Davidson}
}
@article {1002,
	title = {Value Network Design for Innovations: Developing Alternative Value Network Drafts},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {21-33},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Information technology increasingly permeates established products and services, thereby making them "smart". For companies, this trend necessitates new know-how in unknown fields. Hence, traditional manufacturing companies are increasingly forced to cooperate with new players within new value networks. In contradiction to value chains, value networks oftentimes exhibit no clear hierarchies and are characterized by rather weak ties between the participating players. For a company that wants to create smart products or services, the key challenge is arranging the value network such that the customer obtains a unique value while all participants profit from their engagement. In doing so, companies have to find new partners (companies, research institutes, etc.). In this article, we present a methodology to design value networks for innovations, including approaches to identify necessary competences, find suitable partners, and bundle them to powerful alternative value networks.},
	keywords = {innovations, inter-company collaboration, Internet of Things, value networks},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1002},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1002},
	author = {Martin Kage and Marvin Drewel and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier and Marcel Schneider}
}
@article {887,
	title = {Building Cyber-Resilience into Supply Chains},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {04/2015},
	pages = {19-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The article discusses how an organization can adopt an information-centric approach to protect its information shared in one or more supply chains; clearly communicate the expectations it has for a direct (Tier 1) supplier to protect information; and use contracts and measurement to maintain the protection desired. Building on this foundation, the concept of resilience {\textendash} and that of cyber-resilience {\textendash} is discussed, and how an information-centric approach can assist in creating a more cyber-resilient supply chain. Finally, the article concludes with five steps an organization can take to improve the protection of its information:  i) map the supply chain; ii) build capability; iii) share information and expertise; iv) state requirements across the supply chain using standards, common frameworks, and languages; and v) measure, assess, and audit.},
	keywords = {cyber-resilience, cybersecurity, direct suppliers, indirect suppliers, information-centric approach, procurement, requirements, resilience, supply chain, Tier 1 suppliers},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/887},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/887},
	author = {Adrian Davis}
}
@article {835,
	title = {Defining Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {10/2014},
	pages = {13-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Cybersecurity is a broadly used term, whose definitions are highly variable, often subjective, and at times, uninformative. The absence of a concise, broadly acceptable definition that captures the multidimensionality of cybersecurity impedes technological and scientific advances by reinforcing the predominantly technical view of cybersecurity while separating disciplines that should be acting in concert to resolve complex cybersecurity challenges. In conjunction with an in-depth literature review, we led multiple discussions on cybersecurity with a diverse group of practitioners, academics, and graduate students to examine multiple perspectives of what should be included in a definition of cybersecurity. In this article, we propose a resulting new definition: "Cybersecurity is the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights." Articulating a concise, inclusive, meaningful, and unifying definition will enable an enhanced and enriched focus on interdisciplinary cybersecurity dialectics and thereby will influence the approaches of academia, industry, and government and non-governmental organizations to cybersecurity challenges.},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, cyberspace, definition, interdisciplinary, security},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/835},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/835},
	author = {Dan Craigen and Nadia Diakun-Thibault and Randy Purse}
}
@article {854,
	title = {Does Social Innovation Require Social Entrepreneurship?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {12/2014},
	pages = {17-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Social innovation is now considered an important element in the search for solutions to pressing social problems. Inspired by Schumpeter{\textquoteright}s conceptualization of innovation, "social" entrepreneurship is thought to contribute to "social" innovation in more or less the same way that "normal" entrepreneurship consists of the introduction of "normal" innovations. In the literature as well as in practice, the definition of concepts such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship has led to considerable confusion. We aim to bring clarity to the debate, arguing that every entrepreneurial action results in some measure of intended or unintended social innovation, regardless of whether the entrepreneurs in question are considered or consider themselves "social" or not. We test our insights in an investigation of 20 social enterprises that have a commercial business model.},
	keywords = {entrepreneurship, institutional change, Schumpeter, social change, social entrepreneurship, social innovation, sustainability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/854},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/854},
	author = {Asceline Groot and Ben Dankbaar}
}
@article {809,
	title = {Improvising Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	pages = {22-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Improvisation is reviewed in the context of mainstream routines that modern startups use to adapt to changing environments. The increasing interest in flexible methodologies such as lean startup is one indication that organizations need to consider alternatives when the rate of change exceeds the ability to plan for it. Empirical studies indicate that improvisation is an important, yet understudied part of organizational life in new ventures. It is argued that entrepreneurs improvise not just out of necessity, but because they have chosen an occupation that is congruent with the practice and likely have a disposition towards the behaviour. Lessons from contexts in jazz and theatre are provided for entrepreneurs, and it is recommended that evidence of past success with improvisation be used to select candidates for improvisational work.},
	keywords = {adaptation, agile development, bricolage, effectuation, entrepreneurship, improvisation, improvised behaviour, lean startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/809},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/809},
	author = {Tom Duxbury}
}
@article {822,
	title = {Q\&A. What is the Future of Entrepreneurship in India?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {46-49},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {ecosystem, entrepreneurship, incubators, India, social entrepreneurship, support agencies},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/822},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/822},
	author = {Ritu Dubey}
}
@article {838,
	title = {Q\&A. What Motivates Cyber-Attackers?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {10/2014},
	pages = {40-42},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cyber-attack, cybercrime, cybersecurity, hackers, motivation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/838},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/838},
	author = {Chen Han and Rituja Dongre}
}
@article {849,
	title = {Safety in the Online World of the Future},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {11/2014},
	pages = {41-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we address what it means to be safe in the online world of the future by advocating the perspective whereby improving safety will improve resilience in cyberspace. We adopt a specific approach towards transdisciplinarity; present a weakly transdisciplinary model of the safety context and an initial position about what existing disciplines are most relevant; and link prospect theory to risk-based decision making as one example that could lead to a new paradigm for safety. By treating safety as a transdisciplinary challenge, there is an opportunity to enable the participants of the online world to become more productive and creative than ever before. The beneficiary of this increased productivity and creativity will ultimately be the public. The perspective of this article is of interest to senior decision makers, policy makers, managers, educators, strategists, futurists, scientists, technologists, and others interested in shaping the online world of the future.},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, prospect theory, risk-based decision making, safety, security, weak transdisciplinary},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/849},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/849},
	author = {Nadeem Douba and Bj{\"o}rn R{\"u}tten and David Scheidl and Paul Soble and D{\textquoteright}Arcy Walsh}
}
@article {700,
	title = {Cybersecurity Futures: How Can We Regulate Emergent Risks?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {07/2013},
	pages = {6-11},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article reviews nine socio-technical trends that are likely to shape the cybersecurity environment over the next decade. These nine trends have reached various levels of maturity, and some {\textendash} such as quantum computing {\textendash} are still theoretically contentious. These trends are: cloud computing; big data; the Internet of Things; the mobile Internet; brain{\textendash}computer interfaces; near field communication payment systems; mobile robots; quantum computing; and the militarization of the Internet.

What these nine trends have in common is that they will be instrumental in generating new opportunities for offending, which will result from an exponential increase in the quantity of data, number of connection points to the Internet, and velocity of data flows that irrigate the digital ecosystem. As a result, more opportunities for malicious exploitation will be available to attackers, {\textquotedblleft}security by design{\textquotedblright} will be harder to achieve in such a fluid and dynamic environment, and the performance of control mechanisms is likely to erode significantly. 

Technical solutions to address these challenges are already being developed by computer scientists. This article focuses on a different and complementary approach, finding inspiration in the work of regulatory scholars who have framed promising theories such as regulatory pluralism and responsive regulation to explore options for the necessary institutional adaptation to these future changes. },
	keywords = {cybersecurity, cybersecurity policies, digital ecosystem, emerging risks, forecasting, regulation, technological trends},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/700},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/700},
	author = {Benoit Dupont}
}
@article {663,
	title = {Editorial: Local Open Innovation (March 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {collaboration, economic development, local open innovation, Open innovation, problem solving},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/663},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/663},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Christophe Deutsch}
}
@article {677,
	title = {Incubation Programs from Public Research Organizations as Catalysts for Open Business Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {04/2013},
	pages = {29-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In many economies, new knowledge and technology creation and transfer towards local entities and new startups have been recognized as catalysts for industry renewal and tools for safeguarding (or even enhancing) a region{\textquoteright}s employment and prosperity. This article presents a case study of iMinds, a network organization in Flanders, Belgium. The organization fosters interdisciplinary research in information and communication technologies (ICT) and strongly engages in transferring these new technologies towards local actors and in creating and supporting new startups. iMinds{\textquoteright} incubation and entrepreneurship programs act as catalysts for open innovation and company startup activities in the Flemish region.},
	keywords = {clusters of innovation, incubation programs, startup ecosystem, technology entrepreneurship, university-industry interaction},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/677},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/677},
	author = {Sven H. De Cleyn and Frank Gielen and Jan Coppens}
}
@article {743,
	title = {Open Innovation Processes in Living Lab Innovation Systems: Insights from the LeYLab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	pages = {28-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Living labs have emerged on the crossroads of the open innovation and user innovation frameworks. As open innovation systems, living labs consist of various actors with each playing their specific role. Within this article, we will take an open innovation perspective by analyzing the knowledge spill-overs between living lab actors through three in-depth innovation case studies taking place within the LeYLab living lab in Kortrijk, Belgium. The results illustrate how living labs foster the three open innovation processes of exploration, exploitation, and retention. From our analysis, we conclude that living labs are particularly useful for exploration and, to a lesser extent, exploitation. In terms of retention, living labs seem to hold a large potential; however, the success and the nature of the innovation processes depend on the sustainability of living labs, the number of innovation cases, and the alignment of these cases with the living lab infrastructure. Based on these findings, a concrete set of guidelines is proposed for innovating in living labs and for setting up a living lab constellation.},
	keywords = {knowledge exchange, living labs, Open innovation, open innovation networks, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/743},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/743},
	author = {Dimitri Schuurman and Lieven De Marez and Pieter Ballon}
}
@article {665,
	title = {Problemsourcing: Local Open Innovation for R\&D Organizations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {14-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open innovation and crowdsourcing are usually focused on using others external to the organization to solve your problems. How then do R\&D organizations, who traditionally solve the problems of others, harness the benefits of open innovation and crowdsourcing yet maintain their mission and capabilities? "Problemsourcing" may provide the answer. In this mode of open innovation, the open call to the "crowd" of businesses is for them to suggest problems that, if solved by the R\&D organization, could greatly enhance the business{\textquoteright} competitive advantage and therefore the nation{\textquoteright}s economy. 

In this article, we describe a problemsourcing initiative developed by Industrial Research Ltd (IRL), a government-owned R\&D organization in New Zealand. The "What{\textquoteright}s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition promised NZ$1m worth of R\&D services to the winning business. Using this case study, we map a range of benefits of crowdsourcing for R\&D problems, including generating a potential pipeline of projects and clients as well as avoiding the challenge to the professional status of the organization{\textquoteright}s research capability. A side-effect not initially taken account of was that, by demonstrating openness, accessibility, and helpfulness, the reputation of the research organization was greatly enhanced. 

The problemsourcing model provided by the "What{\textquoteright}s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition represents a new strategic possibility for R\&D organizations that complements their traditional business model by drawing on the openness that open innovation and crowdsourcing seek to leverage. As such, it can provide insights for other research organizations wishing to make use of the connectivity afforded by open innovation and crowdsourcing.},
	keywords = {crowdsourcing, local open innovation, Open innovation, problemsourcing, R\&D},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/665},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/665},
	author = {Sally Davenport and Stephen Cummings and Urs Daellenbach and Charles Campbell}
}
@article {664,
	title = {The Seeking Solutions Approach: Solving Challenging Business Problems with Local Open Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {6-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {How can small and medium-sized enterprises try open innovation and increase their level of collaboration with local partners? This article describes a possible solution: the Seeking Solutions approach. The Seeking Solutions process consists of four steps: a call for problems, problem selection, problem broadcast, and a collaborative event. This approach has been successfully used for the Quebec Seeks Solutions events in 2010 and 2012 with concrete results and real impacts. By mixing open innovation and collaboration, the Seeking Solutions approach has introduced a new concept: local open innovation. },
	keywords = {broadcast of search, collaboration, crowdsourcing, local open innovation, Open innovation, Seeking Solutions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/664},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/664},
	author = {Christophe Deutsch}
}
@article {669,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Local Open Innovation and the Seeking Solutions Approach},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {42-46},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {local open innovation, Open innovation, Quebec Seeks Solution, Seeking Solutions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/669},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/669},
	author = {Christophe Deutsch and Philippe Dancause}
}
@article {668,
	title = {University-SME Collaboration and Open Innovation: Intellectual-Property Management Tools and the Roles of Intermediaries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {33-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du Qu{\'e}bec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province{\textquoteright}s context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodies{\textquoteright} contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs. 

Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations.},
	keywords = {intellectual property, intermediaries, IP management, Open innovation, technology transfer, university-enterprise collaboration, university-SME collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/668},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/668},
	author = {Isabelle Deschamps and Maria G. Macedo and Christian Eve-Levesque}
}
@article {594,
	title = {Creativity: Linking Theory and Practice for Entrepreneurs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {08/2012},
	pages = {10-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, creativity research is brought into focus for those involved in the practice of entrepreneurship. The author provides a background on creativity research, how it is defined, and systems models that attempt to explain it. The author distinguishes between creative and innovative activities, and provides advice to entrepreneurs to help realize the creative potential of their organizations. The author reinforces the view that entrepreneurs create new value by investing in ideas, and specific recommendations are made for creating supportive structures, building teams of creative individuals, and successfully championing ideas to acquire the resources they need to produce innovations. },
	keywords = {commercialization, creativity, entrepreneurship, innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/594},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/594},
	author = {Tom Duxbury}
}
@article {557,
	title = {An Overview of Four Issues on Technology Entrepreneurship in the TIM Review},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {05/2012},
	pages = {28-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The field of technology entrepreneurship is in its infancy when compared to other fields such as economics and management. Articles on technology entrepreneurship have been published in at least 62 journals, of which only 18 contribute to technology innovation management or entrepreneurship. Less than a handful of these 62 journals are considered to be "good" journals and none can claim a leadership position in technology entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the 20 journal articles published in the February, March, April, and May 2012 issues of the Technology Innovation Management Review (TIM Review).},
	keywords = {creative destruction, global entrepreneurship, journal articles, social entrepreneurship, technology entrepreneurship, theory},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/557},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/557},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Sonia D. Bot and Tom Duxbury and David Hudson and Chris McPhee and Steven Muegge and Michael Weiss and Jonathan Wells and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {514,
	title = {Q\&A. What Are the Long-Term Effects of Open Source?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {01/2012},
	pages = {29-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {code quality, collaboration, growth, open source, open standards},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/514},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/514},
	author = {Carlo Daffara}
}
@article {606,
	title = {Structuring User Involvement in Panel-Based Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {31-38},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A shift towards open innovation approaches with systematic user involvement has occurred within media and ICT. One of the emerging frameworks structuring these initiatives is the "living lab" approach. Despite the growing evidence of the beneficial nature of customer involvement in product development, research into specific user characteristics for innovation is still scarce, particularly in living labs, with the notable exception of literature on lead users. Especially within the context of living labs for ICT and media innovation, an application of the lead-user framework looks promising as a way to structure and facilitate user involvement. This article is based on the experiences of three Flemish living lab initiatives with a panel-based approach and provides a customer characteristics framework that guides user involvement in living labs.},
	keywords = {customer characteristics, living labs, Open innovation, user panels, user-driven innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/606},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/606},
	author = {Dimitri Schuurman and Lieven De Marez}
}
@article {619,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series - Growing a Global Company Anchored on Open Source Software},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {38-40},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {BigBlueButton, entrepreneurship, global company, licenses, open source, startup, web conferencing},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/619},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/619},
	author = {Fred Dixon}
}
@article {533,
	title = {Towards More Case Study Research in Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {03/2012},
	pages = {9-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Entrepreneurship as an emerging discipline has made good strides, but according to some, has fallen short of bringing its theory and literature up to the standards of others in the management sciences. Rich with the descriptive detail needed for insightful theory building in entrepreneurship, scholars have called for more case study research, particularly those incorporating non-retrospective and longitudinal observations. At the same time however, it has become rare to find such research published in A-level journals dedicated to entrepreneurship. A survey presented here of major entrepreneurship journals over the past six years revealed a publication rate of only 3\% using the case study method. This presents a major impediment for developing fresh research in this field based upon the study of real cases. The author explores how the case study method has been applied to entrepreneurship research and provides recommendations for improved publication rates. },
	keywords = {case study research, CSR, entrepreneurship, qualitative methods, research methods},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/533},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/533},
	author = {Tom Duxbury}
}
@article {455,
	title = {Building an Infrastructure to Support Women Founders: Lead to Win for Women},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {07/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article describes a new program, Lead to Win for Women (LTW-W), created in Canada{\textquoteright}s Capital Region to dramatically increase the number of women-founded businesses and to help existing businesses grow substantially. This new program is based on the existing Lead to Win program (http://leadtowin.ca). LTW-W has four program elements. First, there is a session to help women foster ideas to launch and grow businesses. Second, there is an expert speaker series that encourages the development of practical knowledge for businesses. Third, there is a forum for owners of established firms. Fourth, there is an outreach program for college women to encourage them to start businesses.

In this article, we briefly describe some existing programs to support women founders in Canada and abroad. Next, we outline the founding principles of LTW-W and describe the program in detail. Finally, we conclude with a description of the program{\textquoteright}s next steps. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/455},
	author = {Janice Singer and Deborah Dexter}
}
@article {410,
	title = {How Firms Relate to Open Source Communities},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {01/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article explores the relationship between firms and open source communities. Open source communities create, adopt, adapt, or disseminate innovation in a manner very different from a proprietary approach. To put this in context, we first define what is meant by open source community and then examine the roles members may play in these communities. Next, we illustrate that a firm can participate in an open source development community in different ways, depending on its level of sponsorship of that community. We assert that the degree of influence desired by the firm should connect to its business strategy and the firm needs to determine how its participation and support can be used to enhance its competitive position and provide new value to its customers. We next explore three main strategies to leverage and engage communities. We also examine how community interactions are affected by the degree of openness when engaging the community and how this relates to the firm{\textquoteright}s ability to protect the competitive advantage of its proprietary assets. This discussion will help firms with strategic planning when considering how to tap into this source of technical innovation that lies outside their boundaries.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/410},
	author = {Michael Ayukawa and Mohammed Al-Sanabani and Adefemi Debo-Omidokun}
}
@article {441,
	title = {Lessons from an Open Source Business},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {05/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Creating a successful company is difficult; but creating a successful company, a successful open source project, and a successful ecosystem all at the same time is much more difficult. This article takes a retrospective look at some of the lessons we have learned in building BigBlueButton, an open source web conferencing system for distance education, and in building Blindside Networks, a company following the traditional business model of providing support and services to paying customers. Our main message is that the focus must be on creating a successful open source project first, for without it, no company in the ecosystem can flourish.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/441},
	author = {Fred Dixon}
}
@article {440,
	title = {Leveraging Collectives as a Technology Startup: A Case Study},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {05/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Entrepreneurs face a daunting challenge in turning a solution to a compelling problem into a viable business. Recent research into multi-sided platforms and collective action has highlighted an approach that may enable entrepreneurs to lower the risk of a new venture and increase revenue by delivering value to all stakeholders in a collective, not just to the company itself. However, the shift in thinking required to apply this new approach is a challenge of its own. 

In this article, we provide an overview of both the new and traditional approaches to development and commercialization. Next, we describe a problem for which we are currently developing a business opportunity to solve: helping parents provide adequate and appropriate support to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism. We then use this problem as a case study to illustrate how the implementation of a facial emotion recognition software application might be substantially different depending on the development and commercialization approach used. Finally, we describe the key lessons learned and next steps in developing this business opportunity.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/440},
	author = {Natasha D{\textquoteright}Souza}
}
@article {416,
	title = {Open Source License Selection in Relation to Business Models},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {02/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article provides recent research results from the European Union{\textquoteright}s FLOSSMetrics project. The results focus on the business and practical aspects of the adoption of open source within software products or as a basis of service offerings. Research into free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) is usually conducted with a software engineering focus or with an emphasis on F/LOSS as a spontaneous or directed collaboration effort. The FLOSSMetrics project expanded that research with an investigation on how licenses, business models, and project choices affect development and productization. This article provides a summary of common licensing issues and business models choices in F/LOSS, and it provides a list of recommendations for selecting a license for a software project to suit both business objectives and licensing constraints.  
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/416},
	author = {Carlo Daffara}
}
@article {491,
	title = {A Sales Execution Strategy Guide for Technology Startups},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {32-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The majority of startups fail to consider sales execution as part of their overall strategy. This article demonstrates how a sales execution strategy can help a company take a product or service to market more efficiently and effectively by focusing on the customers that are key to generating revenue. Combined with techniques for recruiting effectively and measuring sales outcomes, a sales execution strategy helps technology startups exceed growth aspirations and potentially reduce or even eliminate the requirement for external investment. 

In this article, we first describe the focus of assistance currently given to startups and the reasons why sales execution strategies are often overlooked. Next, we outline recommendations for developing, implementing, and supporting a sales execution strategy. Finally, we summarize the key points presented in the article. },
	keywords = {entrepreneurs, sales, sales execution strategy, sales strategy, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/491},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/491},
	author = {Ian Gilbert and Stephen Davies}
}
@article {386,
	title = {Building a Business-to-Business Sales Process},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A sales strategy is not just about closing deals, it is about defining a sales process that accurately reflects an organization, its customers, and the products or solutions that it sells. By truly understanding its customers and by actually solving its customers{\textquoteright} problems, a company can define and execute a sales process that will increase the likelihood of reaching its ultimate objective: a closed deal and money in the bank.

This article describes the steps to create a business-to-business (B2B) sales process and shows how these steps are used to build a sales funnel. It also provides tips for effective and consistent execution of that process to get initial sales and improve upon them. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/386},
	author = {Stephen Davies}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Experiences From the OSSIE Open Source Software Defined Radio Project},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {03/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article briefly describes OSSIE, a university-based open source Software Defined Radio project based on the U.S. Department of Defense{\textquoteright}s Software Communications Architecture. The OSSIE software has proven useful for rapid prototyping by industry as well as for published research and education of hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students and short course participants. In addition to examples of OSSIE{\textquoteright}s successes, the project{\textquoteright}s challenges and approaches to mitigating and overcoming them are described. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/334},
	author = {Carl B. Dietrich and Jeffrey H. Reed and Stephen H. Edwards and Frank E. Kragh}
}
@article {372,
	title = {Implementing a Deal Development Platform for Business Ecosystems},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {08/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article describes a project to develop a platform that promotes transactions between customers and suppliers within a business ecosystem. A web-based platform is being developed to track customer interactions and manage the flow of deals through development stages. The solution will be implemented using an open source customer relationship management tool that will be customized to suit the particular needs of a business ecosystem.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/372},
	author = {James Makienko and Leonard De Baets}
}
@article {371,
	title = {OpenOttawaLibre: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Building Creative Cities},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {08/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {OpenOttawaLibre (OOL) is a multidisciplinary approach that is being developed to strengthen Ottawa{\textquoteright}s position as a creative city. Faced with stiff competition from globally dominant mega-centres, smaller cities like Ottawa can compensate for their size by actively bringing together people to exchange ideas, share perspectives, and form new partnerships to solve existing and emerging problems. OOL will make it easy to organize these events and lower the risk by developing an ecosystem with experienced facilitators, physical resources, and proven processes. OOL is anchored by Ottawa{\textquoteright}s cultural planning group and aims to make Ottawa a global magnet for creative industries and talent.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/371},
	author = {Michael Ayukawa and Julie Dupont}
}
@article {220,
	title = {The Benefits to ISVs of Working with Large Enterprise Consumers on Open-Source Projects},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {01/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Selling software to consumers is tough as they want perfection and expect to pay nothing. Consumers are fickle and the competition can be fierce. By comparison, large enterprises have big problems and buckets of money to spend on solutions, allowing you to focus your marketing on a small target. While large enterprises sound like ideal customers, the small independent software vendor selling to a large enterprise faces long sales cycles, extreme quality expectations, challenges integrating into a complex jungle of pre-existing systems, and the need to partner with others to create a complete solution.

At Fanfare, we believe that there are a variety of successful software business models that employ open source strategies. One such strategy is to sell closed source solutions constructed on top of an open source platform. In fact, the Eclipse Foundation considers enabling this kind of business model as one of its mandates. We sell a complete system test automation solution that is built on top of Eclipse and sold to customers as a "turnkey" solution using Eclipse{\textquoteright}s Rich Client Platform technology.

In this article, we examine six benefits of this approach. Some of these benefits apply to any ISV, but many are specific advantages for ISVs selling into large enterprises.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/220},
	author = {Kingston Duffie}
}
@article {284,
	title = {Business Intelligence: A Primer},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article provides a primer on business intelligence (BI) and serves as an introduction to the concepts used throughout the rest of the articles in this issue of the OSBR. We define BI, discuss the components of a BI solution, explain the types of BI tools and provide a brief overview of the evolution of BI. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/284},
	author = {John Kemp and Benjamin Dietz}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Economic Free Software Perspectives},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {08/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {"How do you make money with free software?" was a very common question just a few years ago. Today, that question has evolved into "What are successful business strategies that can be implemented on top of free software?" To properly answer this question, it is important to distinguish between the legal, procedural and business model aspects of free/libre and open source software, and how those aspects interact. For example, the licensing aspect influences the development strategy, the kind of development community that can be created around a project, and the potential business models that can provide a monetization strategy for a company that is interested in adopting an open source project as part of the internal company strategy.

This article provides the most recent results from the FLOSSMETRICS project and its recent survey of the business model of more than 200 open source companies. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/277},
	author = {Carlo Daffara}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Enabling Geospatial Business Intelligence},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Recently, interest in the huge potential of Geospatial BI has increased. It aims at combining geographic information system (GIS) and business intelligence (BI) technologies. Geospatial BI combines spatial analysis and map visualization with proven BI tools in order to better support the corporate data analysis process and to help companies make more informed decisions. 

BI is a business management term which refers to applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and information about company operations. BI applications are usually used to better understand historical, current and future aspects of business operations. BI applications typically offer ways to mine database- and spreadsheet-centric data to produce graphical, table-based and other types of analytics regarding business operations. BI systems give companies a more comprehensive knowledge of the factors affecting their business, such as metrics on sales, production, and internal operations, in order to to make better business decisions. Be aware that BI is a different from classical databases and much more complex.

This article provides a rapid introduction to some important BI concepts. It then highlights the need for geospatial BI software and deals with the integration of the spatial component in a BI software stack in order to consistently enable geo-analytical tools. We then present different works performed and tools designed by the GeoSOA research group.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/289},
	author = {Thierry Badard and Etienne Dub{\'e}}
}
@article {263,
	title = {Offline: Where Tech Communities Succeed With Women},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {06/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Conferences are one way that women can be drawn into the free/libre and open source software ecosystem. Many different approaches are needed to increase women{\textquoteright}s participation in F/LOSS, but face-to-face interaction has proven to be a critical part of the way the technology community in Portland, Oregon has thrived. This article describes through anecdotes the successes of this community, and suggests how other communities could benefit from Portland{\textquoteright}s experience.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/263},
	author = {Selena Deckelmann}
}
@article {288,
	title = {Open Source BI Reporting Tool Review},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The main purpose of a business intelligence (BI) system is to provide access to information for decision makers. Reporting tools help to create, administer and distribute reports. Reports can be classified into three categories: i) standard reports containing information in table form; ii) cubes which are online analytical processing reports designed to analyze multidimensional data; and iii) dashboards which provide an overview of selected reports and key performance indicators. Each of these report types are often supplemented by graphical representations of the data.

There are many different reporting solutions available in the open source market. In this article, we compare four open source reporting solutions. They give a good insight of the current state of the market and are among the the most popular solutions in use today. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/288},
	author = {Benjamin Dietz and Lily Singh}
}
@article {223,
	title = {So You Wanna be a Linus Torvalds? The Do{\textquoteright}s and Don{\textquoteright}ts of Running a Small Open Source Project},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {01/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present a series of lessons learned on how to effectively run a small open source community. These lessons are based on my own experience as the leader of VoiceCode, a project that aims at developing an integrated programming-by-voice toolbox. It provides tools that allow programmers with Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) to write computer code by talking to their machine instead of typing.

The VoiceCode project started in 1999 by the National Research Council of Canada, and was first officially released in 2003. The system is now at a point where it can be used by programmers to do real work, and there have been over 9,100 downloads so far. The project has also attracted the attention of the media.

In the process of leading this project, we have learned many important lessons; too many to discuss exhaustively here. We will however share three that seem particularly important.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/223},
	author = {Alain D{\'e}silets}
}
@article {269,
	title = {Social Actions: Making the Web More Philanthropic},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {07/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Social Actions makes it easier for people to turn their good intentions into meaningful action. The organization has created an open source database of actions people can take on any issue. The actions in the database come from across the social web and include everything from volunteer opportunities to micro credit loans. It currently aggregates opportunities to make a difference from 50+ action sources, including: CanadaHelps, Kiva, Idealist, GlobalGiving, GiveIndia, and Greater Good South Africa. Using the Social Actions application programming interface, we encourage third party developers to build web and mobile applications that intelligently distribute actions from our database on the websites, social networks, and mobile phones that millions of people use every day.

This article describes how Social Actions applies open source principles to the organization{\textquoteright}s products and processes. In its entirety, Social Actions is intentionally designed to contribute to the ongoing and vibrant conversations about open source practices and principles.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/269},
	author = {Peter Deitz and Christine Egger}
}
@article {297,
	title = {Social Media and Open Source: Worlds Apart?},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {10/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Social Media, also known as Web 3.0, is not your granddaddy{\textquoteright}s Internet. How it is used is in a constant state of change. The rising tide of expectations, together with innovation, are pushing various platforms, especially in mobile technology. Mobile has become a compelling format to interface with the Internet, bringing a new spin to the phrase "One Laptop Left Behind".

We believe that the degree to which open source communities embrace mobile and Social Media technologies dictates their relevance to the general public. We also believe that open source and Social Media communities can learn and benefit from each other. This article explores the increasingly intersecting worlds of Social Media, mobile, and open source. We describe how Social Media has the potential to change the way communities use and create open source tools to better align with end-user expectations. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/297},
	author = {Aaran Duncan and Glenn McKnight}
}
@article {302,
	title = {Value Co-Creation and New Marketing},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {11/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Co-creation grants consumers free rein to work with company-provided resources in the production of their own value offerings. The ongoing participation of active consumers in the production of their own use and exchange value inverts the long-standing marketing orthodoxy of the company as the arbiter of value. Rather than resist this fundamental shift in the locus of value creation, savvy firms positively embrace the change and seek to manage consumer freedoms in order to harness the consumers{\textquoteright} productive capabilities. Using the example of the Apple iPhone and App Store, and drawing on labour theories of value and Foucault{\textquoteright}s notion of government, we show how granting consumers freedom through co-creation has become the most effective mode of production for contemporary marketers.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/302},
	author = {Aron Darmody}
}
@article {187,
	title = {Adaptive Co-management and the Learning that Leads to Social Innovation},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {09/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Learning and social innovation are linked. Adaptive co-management offers strategies that empower learners to take responsibility, collaborate and create. To improve our understanding of how social innovation is nurtured, we examine three projects that used the adaptive co-management approach to support learners working in autonomous groups to create social goods and fill perceived gaps. The student projects led to the following social innovations: i) an organic food market serving students; ii) an open source approach to design in a field where proprietary approaches are more common; and iii) a model that extends the impact of what first year university students learn well beyond the classroom.
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/187},
	author = {Nancy Doubleday}
}
@article {214,
	title = {Creating Disruptive Value For Not-For-Profit Organizations Using Open Source},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {12/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Much of the currently available off-the-shelf software offers too many features and does not meet the unique usability needs of non-technical or disabled users using old hardware. When leveraging open source components to rapidly build products for not-for-profit organizations, the speed of development doesn{\textquoteright}t reduce the need to make the product accessible by the users.

This article shares the experiences of a unique community/university partnership to bring accessible technology to the non-profit community in the National Capital Region.
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/214},
	author = {Fred Dixon and Jill Woodley}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Free and Open Source Licenses in Community Life},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to examine how software licenses in build and shape political and technological boundaries.

We examine the cases of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System( GRASS) geographical information system and the OpenSolaris operating system. The first project is GPL licensed software developed by a worldwide community of voluntary programmers; the second project is sponsored by a company and released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) license.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/193},
	author = {Stefano De Paoli and Maurizio Teli and Vincenzo D{\textquoteright}Andrea}
}
@article {128,
	title = {The OpenTTT Approach},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {03/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {There is no shortage of data and results that demonstrate that open source software, when adopted with appropriate best practices, can significantly lower costs and provide quality IT (information technology) solutions, especially for small and medium enterprises. For example, the Consortium for Open Source Software in Public Administration project demonstrated that by using best practices for OSS procurement, not only was software acquisition cheaper, but the evaluation of tangible and intangible costs over 5 years demonstrated a cost reduction ranging from 20\% to 60\%. The EU study on the impact of OSS indicates that OSS can reduce software research and development costs by 36\%, while the INES project found that companies adopting OSS increased profits and reduced time to market and development costs in 80\% of the trials.

If OSS is so advantageous, why is so little use of it perceived in the marketplace, especially among SMEs? We present the preliminary results of an European project called OpenTTT to improve the adoption rate and study the effectiveness of best practices in OSS adoption within small and medium enterprises.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/128},
	author = {Carlo Daffara}
}
@article {173,
	title = {OSS Spending Trends in Education},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {08/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source software (OSS) is becoming more prominent within the education market as more educational institutions turn towards open source as a solution that meets their needs. However, open source is not appropriate for all, and institutions should be cautious about implementing OSS. When adopting open source, institutions should ensure it is a strategic decision and not just a philosophical one.

At Datamonitor, a provider of online data, analytic and forecasting platforms for key vertical sectors, we believe that the role of OSS will become increasingly important in education. The solutions available are becoming more sophisticated and stable. Currently, 56\% of education institutions are using OSS and open source is clearly making headway into the education market. Furthermore, there are a number of varying factors driving institutions towards OSS and not all institutions are implementing OSS for the same reason. OSS offers an alternative method through which an institution can implement a technological solution, along with it{\textquoteright}s own variety of benefits and pitfalls. However, the increased popularity of OSS will not prevent proprietary software solutions from having an important role to play in education. Instead, OSS and proprietary solutions are going to become even more entwined together and the line between open source and proprietary solutions will blur. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/173},
	author = {Justin Davidson}
}
@article {157,
	title = {Security Hardening of Open Source Software},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s computing world, security takes an increasingly predominant role. The industry is facing challenges in public confidence at the discovery of vulnerabilities and customers are expecting security to be delivered out of the box, even on programs that were not designed with security in mind. Software maintainers must face the challenge to improve the security of their programs and are often under-equipped to do so. Some are taking advantage of open source software (OSS) for their production systems as the availability of the source code facilitates their validation and answers their need for trustworthy programs. OSS are often implemented using the C programming language (26\% according to SourceForge.net), making it is necessary to investigate the security issues related to C.

This paper summarizes key concepts related to security hardening, and demonstrates its applicability on the C language. We also propose a progressive approach to integrate security services and protection measures into existing software to ultimately make it more resistant against cyber-attacks. Given our ever increasing dependability on information technologies, it becomes critically important to provide tools to maintainers that will facilitate and accelerate the security hardening process, increasing the effectiveness of the effort and lowering the resources required to do so.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/157},
	author = {Robert Charpentier and Mourad Debbabi}
}
@article {199,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series: OSGi and Server-Side Eclipse},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {On August 27, 2008, Dwight Deugo from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "OSGi and Server-Side Eclipse". This lecture introduced the fundamental concepts of OSGi, a component integration platform to provide interoperability of applications and services. It also discussed how the Equinox project has incorporated OSGi into the Eclipse platform and gave an overview of the impact it has had on Server-Side Eclipse. This report provides the key messages from the lecture.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/199},
	author = {Dwight Deugo}
}
@article {96,
	title = {Ontario Research Commercialization Program},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {07/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Brad DeFoe and Dmitri Prokopiev describe the Ontario Research Commercialization Program.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/96},
	author = {Brad DeFoe and Dmitri Prokopiev}
}
