@article {1465,
	title = {Rural Living Labs: Inclusive Digital Transformation in the Countryside},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {59-72},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {59},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digital transformation (DT) has received increasing attention in recent years. Up until now, most of the current studies focus on digital transformation in advanced and dense societies, especially urban areas and technologies. Hence, the phenomenon of DT is under-researched in the context of rural and sparsely populated contexts. This study aims at exploring how a rural living lab (RLL) can be shaped and how this approach can be designed to support digital transformation processes in rural contexts. In so doing, following a design science research methodology (DSRM) approach, we have made an artefact (that is, RLL framework) that is an "instantiation" that supports user centric digitalization of rural areas. The designed framework is developed based on the key components of "traditional" and "urban" living labs, as well as empirical data which was collected within the context of the DigiBy project. The DigiBy project aims at conducting DT pilots in rural areas to elevate peoples{\textquoteright} understanding of digitalization and the application of digitalization opportunities for service development in rural areas in the north of Sweden. As a result of these studies, five key components that guide the design of digital transformation pilots in rural areas emerged, namely: 1) rural context, 2) digitalization, 3) governance, control, and business mode, 4) methods facilitating DT processes, and 5) quintuple helix actors. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the rural living lab concept, followed by avenues for future research.},
	keywords = {Components, digital transformation, Living lab, Rural living lab, Rural residents, user engagement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1465},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1465},
	author = {Abdolrasoul Habibipour and Johanna Lindberg and Mari Runardotter and Yomn Elmistikawy and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st and Diana Chron{\'e}er}
}
@article {1457,
	title = {Using Web Text Analytics to Categorize the Business Focus  of Innovative Digital Health Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10/2021},
	pages = {65-78},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {65},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Categorizing the market focus of larger samples of companies can be a tedious and time-consuming process for both researchers and business analysts interested in developing insights about emerging business sectors. The objective of this article is to suggest a text analytics approach to categorizing the application areas of companies operating in the digital health sector based on the information provided on their websites. More specifically, we apply topic modeling on a collection of text documents, including information collected from the websites of a sample of 100 innovative digital health companies. The topic model helps in grouping the companies offering similar types of market offers. It enables identifying the companies that are most highly associated with each of the topics. In addition, it allows identifying some of the emerging themes that are discussed online by the companies, as well as their specific market offers. The results will be of interest to inspiring technology entrepreneurs, organizations supporting new ventures, and business accelerators interested to enhance their services to new venture clients. The development, operationalization, and automation of the company categorization process based on publicly available information is a methodological contribution that opens the opportunity for future applications in research and business practice.},
	keywords = {Digital health sector, machine learning, Market offer, topic modeling algorithm, value proposition, web analytics},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1457},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1457},
	author = {Abdulla Aweisi and Daman Arora and Ren{\'e}e Emby and Madiha Rehman and George Tanev and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1344,
	title = {Digitalization and SMEs{\textquoteright} Export Management: Impacts on Resources and Capabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {18-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {18},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digitalization is becoming an increasingly central issue for companies. However, most companies, and in particular SMEs, are struggling to engage in a coherent global digital transformation process. Indeed, digitalization affects much of a company{\textquoteright}s organizational strategy, including the development of market opportunities. Digitalization has been identified as an element that fosters the internationalization of SMEs. However, the integration of digital technology requires investments and changes in a company{\textquoteright}s internal practices through the mobilization of new resources, as well as by implementing specific capabilities to manage them. The objective of this research work is therefore to examine the impact of SMEs{\textquoteright} digital transformation on their internationalization capability. Relying on an extensive exploratory literature review, digital facilitators were identified and classified into three categories: e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-business. Then, a cross-analysis between the identification of digital facilitators from the literature and a framework of SMEs{\textquoteright} export practices (the Potential Export Index, Enjolras et al., 2016) was conducted in order to highlight differentiated impacts that can be theoretically identified. The most impacted export practices are related to the strategic vision of the firm, the customization of its offerings, its network dynamic, and its internal organization. E-commerce facilitators concern the supply chain organization, e-marketing facilitators are related to communications and customer relations, and e-business facilitators impact the company as a whole.},
	keywords = {digitalization, export practices, facilitators, impacts, SME},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1344},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1344},
	author = {Benjamin Dethine and Manon Enjolras and Davy Monticolo}
}
@article {1340,
	title = {The Effect of Machine Learning on Knowledge-Intensive R\&D in the Technology Industry},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03/2020},
	pages = {88-98},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {88},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The impact of such current state-of-the-art technology as machine learning (ML) on organizational knowledge integration is indisputable. This paper synergizes investigations of knowledge integration and ML in technologically advanced and innovative companies, in order to elucidate the value of these approaches to organizational performance. The analyses are based on the premise that, to fully benefit from the latest technological advances, entity interpretation is essential to fully define what has been learned. Findings yielded by a single case study involving one technological firm indicate that tacit and explicit knowledge integration can occur simultaneously using ML, when a data analysis method is applied to transcribe spoken words. Although the main contribution of this study stems from the greater understanding of the applicability of machine learning in organizational contexts, general recommendations for use of this analytical method to facilitate integration of tacit and explicit knowledge are also provided.},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, explicit knowledge, knowledge integration, ML, tacit knowledge, technological firm},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1340},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1340},
	author = {Daniel Viberg and Mohammad H. Eslami}
}
@article {1408,
	title = {Embracing Product Innovativeness in Technology Firms: The Impact of Management Model Principles},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/2020},
	pages = {31-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {31},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Extending the debate on how to enable and manage innovation requires a discussion of the potential beneficial impact of management models and corresponding principles. In this paper, we draw on literature involving product innovativeness and management models to propose that product innovativeness is facilitated and influenced by practices and principles traceable in different management models. We test our hypotheses with data from a sample of high technology firms. Findings suggest that management models and principles have varying impacts on product innovativeness. Specifically, we found the principles of obliquity, emergence, and intrinsic motivation as significant enablers of product innovativeness, along with extrinsic motivation. Also, each management model differently impacted and fostered product innovativeness.},
	keywords = {innovation, Management Model, Product innovativeness, Technology firms},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1408},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1408},
	author = {P{\i}nar B{\"u}y{\"u}kbalc{\i} and Esin Ertemsir and Zayneb Boukari}
}
@article {1367,
	title = {An Empirical Study into the Individual-Level Antecedents to Employee-Driven Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {42-52},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {42},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to link individual-level factors (such as need for autonomy, self-leadership, and perceived job autonomy) to employee-driven innovation with self-leadership as an indirect link. The study is based on survey data of 315 employees in the banking sector, collected in two waves where the variables were separated in time. The hypothesized model was analysed using a structural equation model on Stata. First, it was found that the need for autonomy had an indirect association with employee-driven innovation through self-leadership. Second, the findings show that self-leadership had a positive relationship with employee-driven innovation. Finally, there was no support found for the moderating role of perceived job autonomy between self-leadership and employee-driven innovation. The findings in this paper are important because they identify individual-level antecedents of employee-driven innovation.},
	keywords = {employee-driven innovation, job autonomy, need for autonomy, self-leadership},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1367},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1367},
	author = {Chukwuemeka K. Echebiri}
}
@article {1347,
	title = {How Institutions Promote Digital Marketing in Small and Medium International Companies: a Comparison Between Costa Rica and France},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {58-71},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {58},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this paper is to analyze institutional promotions to small and medium international enterprises on the subject of digital marketing. The authors conduct qualitative research with a descriptive scope, including 12 institutions in Costa Rica and France. The study is dedicated to working with SMEs involved in an internationalization process and offering them some type of training. for the collection of information, an in-depth interview with each participant was applied. It concludes that SMEs promote digital marketing through institutions, and that the way in which they carry it out varies between the two countries, Costa Rica being a more general and structured service, and France a more customized one.},
	keywords = {coaching, digital marketing, internationalization, SMEs, support institutions, training},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1347},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1347},
	author = {Karen V. H. Carpio and Susan Arce and Manon Enjolras and Mauricio Camargo}
}
@article {1356,
	title = {Understanding Civic Crowdfunding as a Mechanism for Leveraging Civic Engagement and Urban Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {05/2020},
	pages = {51-66},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {51},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article studies the emergence of government-initiated civic crowdfunding platforms. Such platforms can be considered as governmental responses for bottom-up peer-to-peer support mechanisms related to urban innovation, which also allows top-down governance and governmental support systems for civic entrepreneurship. To better understand the implications of these innovative ICT-enabled interaction interfaces for collective urban innovation, this study investigates participation inequalities from the perspective of campaign instigators, using in-depth interviews (N=28), and from the perspective of the citizen-funder, using a survey (N=265). The analysis shows that urban crowdfunding practices mainly contribute to higher-level development of collective identities with increased neighborhood capacities. Although participation in such ICT-enabled interaction interfaces could reinforce digital inequalities and existing power balances, this research shows a more nuanced perspective, in which online and offline practices intertwine. Furthermore, while civic crowdfunding campaigns are driven by a traditional {\textquoteright}participation elite{\textquoteright}, the deliberation process on development projects involves new publics that are not typically engaged in civic activities. Hence, civic crowdfunding formulates a new mode of civic engagement in which institutional involvement acts as a trust broker between civic funders and civic entrepreneurs, as well as adding legitimacy to innovation processes in the public sphere.},
	keywords = {Civic crowdfunding, Civic engagement, Civic entrepreneurship, Civic identity, Digital citizenship, Participation inequalities, Peer-to-peer economy, Social cohesion, Urban innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1356},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1356},
	author = {Bastiaan Baccarne and Tom Evens and Lieven De Marez}
}
@article {1210,
	title = {Are High-Tech Companies More Competitive Than Others? An Empirical Study of Innovative and Exporting French SMEs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {33-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The main objective of this research work is to question the relationship between the technological intensity of SMEs (defined by the share of R\&D expenditure in turnover, according to the OECD) and their growth potential (defined by their innovation and export capabilities). Through a multiple case study conducted with a panel of nine French SMEs, and through an analysis combining a qualitative approach (illustrative cases study) and a quantitative one (multidimensional statistical methods), several hypotheses were tested. Finally, this study points out that technological intensity, as defined by the OECD, is not directly correlated with the growth potential of SMEs. On the other hand, a company{\textquoteright}s technological intensity would have an impact on the way it manages its innovation and internationalization process, and thus the way it manages its internal practices. },
	keywords = {export, innovation, multiple-case study, SMEs, technological intensity},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1210},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1210},
	author = {Manon Enjolras and Mauricio Camargo and Christophe Schmitt}
}
@article {1267,
	title = {Open Strategy in a Smart City},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {09/2019},
	pages = {36-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {36},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {To attract new companies and a talented workforce in a way that increases income streams, cities are searching for strategic capabilities by using a variety of strategic practices. The present study participates in the theoretical debate between micro- and macro-strategizing by focusing on the interplay between the city organization and its institutional environment. As such, the study elucidates the open strategy process used in the strategy work of a medium-sized city in Finland. To make the strategy work open and encourage citizens\&rsquo; participation, the city decided to utilize crowdsourcing as a tool that was part of a broader strategy process to develop a city strategy in a participative manner. The present study analyzes the responses of almost 2000 citizens who addressed the role of an open strategy in developing a smart city. The study contributes by depicting how the open strategy was utilized in practice and what types of outcomes it produced.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1267},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1267},
	author = {Suvi Einola and Marko Kohtam{\"a}ki and Harri Hietikko}
}
@article {1208,
	title = {Strategy-as-Process in a Technology Venture: A Case Study of Pivots, Pauses, Partners, and Progress},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {9-19},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology commercialization is an often nonlinear process that tends to pass through various {\textquotedblleft}stages{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}phases{\textquotedblright} as a venture attempts to shepherd a technology from the laboratory to marketplace. Between these phases are {\textquotedblleft}junctures{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}transitions{\textquotedblright} that present particular challenges for entrepreneurs as they often comprise fundamental changes to the venture instead of simply scaled versions of previous challenges. In this study, we use a participant-observer methodology to deeply explore how a technology venture in the renewable energy sector negotiated these transitions. Our findings highlight the development of a {\textquotedblleft}repertoire{\textquotedblright} of tools entrepreneurs can use to help successfully negotiate these transitions. },
	keywords = {innovation systems, managing critical junctures and transitions, process research, technology commercialization, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = { http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1208},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1208},
	author = {Andrew G. Earle and Michael J. Merenda and J. Matthew Davis}
}
@article {1218,
	title = {Understanding Digital Innovation from a Layered Architectural Perspective},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {02/2019},
	pages = {51-63},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Managing successful digital innovation processes is a challenging task, especially when it involves heterogeneous actors with different sets of knowledge. By gaining a better understanding of how different architectural layers of digital technology interplay with digital innovation, we can be better prepared for managing the complex and messy processes that often arise when working with digital innovation. In this article, we therefore ask: How does the layered architecture of digital technology interplay with digital innovation processes? A case study approach was selected to studied events involving multiple actors in an innovation and development project called the Smart Lock project. The theoretical basis for our study is digital innovation from the perspective of knowledge exchange and relationships. A temporal bracketing strategy was used to support a process analysis of the case data. The article primarily contributes to the body of research concerning digital innovation and provides an example to practitioners of how digital innovation processes can be coordinated and managed based on the innovation at hand.},
	keywords = {collaborative innovation, concept development, digital innovation, digital technology, innovation process},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1218},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1218},
	author = {Jesper Lund and Esbj{\"o}rn Ebbesson}
}
@article {1230,
	title = {Using Action Research to Organize Technology Transfer in Complex Innovation Contexts},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	pages = {17-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology transfer projects increasingly consist of multiple, diverse organizations, with each pursuing their own agenda as well as that of the overarching programme. In this article, we adopt a participatory action research methodology in order to explain and improve the coordination of the autonomous innovation activities within an organizationally complex project. The context of the research involved the transfer of rice production technology from China to Mozambique. The action research identified four categories of boundary within the project that were hindering performance: Intellectual/Land property rights; Public/Private sector logics; Inside/Outside programme; and Collaboration/Competition between programme actors. The process of co-inquiry with stakeholders enabled by the action research allowed programme actors to reach an understanding of others, and it created a new thinking space for mutual problem solving. By these means, the action research process makes a resource of the differences between stakeholders rather than it being seen as a barrier to be compromised through negotiation.},
	keywords = {action research, agricultural innovation, boundaries, international collaboration, technology transfer},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1230},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1230},
	author = {Armando Machevo Ussivane and Paul Ellwood}
}
@article {1134,
	title = {Editorial: Inclusive Innovation in Developed Countries (February 2018)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {02/2018},
	pages = {3-6},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {biotechnology, convergent innovation, food security, inclusive growth, inclusive innovation, maker spaces, Open innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1134},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1134},
	author = {Chris McPhee and R. Sandra Schillo and Louise Earl and Jeff Kinder}
}
@article {1119,
	title = {Designing a Business Model for Environmental Monitoring Services Using Fast MCDS Innovation Support Tools},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	pages = {36-46},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The free availability of open data provides opportunities to start new businesses and gain business intelligence. However, although data is often used to support decisions and actions, the possibilities offered by modern sensor technologies with connections to cloud-based data collection services are not being effectively capitalized. Data collection systems are also not generally open source solutions, even though open and flexibly adjustable systems would broaden the opportunities for solutions and larger revenue streams. In this article, we used action research methods to discover new business opportunities in a semi-open information system that utilizes environmental monitoring data. We applied a four-stage innovation process for industry, which included context definition, idea generation, and selection, and produced multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) data to help the design of business model. This was done to reveal business opportunities for an environmental monitoring service. Among these opportunities, one service-style business model canvas was identified as feasible and selected for further development. We identified items that are needed in the commercialization process of environmental monitoring services. Our process combines open environmental monitoring data, participative innovation process, and MCDS support, and it supports and accelerates a co-creative business model creation process that is cost-beneficial in terms of saving time. The results are applicable to the creation of an open data information system that supports data-driven innovation.},
	keywords = {business model, data collection, environmental monitoring, MCDS, open data, service innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1119},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1119},
	author = {Tuomo Eskelinen and Teemu R{\"a}s{\"a}nen and Ulla Santti and Ari Happonen and Miika Kajanus}
}
@article {1096,
	title = {Effects of Business Model Development Projects on Organizational Culture: A Multiple Case Study of SMEs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {08/2017},
	pages = {15-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Previous research has shown that links between organizational culture and innovativeness/performance may act as a {\textquotedblleft}social glue{\textquotedblright} that helps a company develop organizational culture as a competitive advantage. In this study of three case companies, the organizational culture change due business model development projects is studied using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) tool and interviews with respondents about discovered changes. To reveal intervention and implied effects between business model development project and organizational culture changes, we used CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and outcome) to bridge practice and theory by explanatory, backward-looking research. Our case studies of companies in relatively short-duration business model development projects indicate that organizational culture may have some dynamic characteristics, for example, an increase of the adhocracy organizational type in all case companies or an increase in the hierarchical leadership type in one case company. Thus, the development of an organizational culture type can be partly controlled. Our results also indicated business model development projects do have a minor effect on organizational culture, even when development activities have not been put fully into practice. However, the more comprehensively business model development project activities have been put into practice, the larger the effect on organizational culture.},
	keywords = {business model, business model canvas, competing values framework, development project, organizational culture, service design, SME},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1096},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1096},
	author = {Ulla Santti and Tuomo Eskelinen and Mervi Rajahonka and Kaija Villman and Ari Happonen}
}
@article {1111,
	title = {Hitching Healthcare to the Chain: An Introduction to Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {10/2017},
	pages = {22-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Health services must balance patient care with information privacy, access, and completeness. The massive scale of the healthcare industry also amplifies the importance of cost control. The promise of blockchain technology in health services, combined with application layers built atop it, is to be a mechanism that provides utmost privacy while ensuring that appropriate users can easily add to and access a permanent record of information. Blockchains, also called distributed ledgers, enable a combination of cost reduction and increased accessibility to information by connecting stakeholders directly without requirements for third-party brokers, potentially giving better results at lower costs. New ventures are looking to apply blockchain technology to solve real-world problems, including efforts to track public health, centralize research data, monitor and fulfill prescriptions, lower administrative overheads, and organize patient data from an increasing number of inputs. Here, concrete examples of the application of blockchain technology in the health sector are described, touching on near-term promise and challenges.},
	keywords = {blockchain, distributed ledger, health, patient-centred care, trust},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1111},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1111},
	author = {Mark A. Engelhardt}
}
@article {1081,
	title = {Improving Internal Communication Management in SMEs: Two Case Studies in Service Design},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {16-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Effective information management is a success factor for business growth, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in transferring knowledge and information from one organizational unit to another. In this study of two case companies, participative business model development processes were designed to identify challenges and solutions in internal communication management. A service design approach based on CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and output) showed that the participative business model technique and process can identify problems and challenges in internal communication management, as well as in the prioritization of actions. The process is a creative service design process including both divergent and convergent phases. The process increased motivation among personnel to find solutions, encouraged communication, and created joint understanding on how to solve problems. The technique helped to bring tacit information into use. },
	keywords = {business model, internal communication management, participative process, service design, stakeholder involvement, training},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1081},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1081},
	author = {Tuomo Eskelinen and Mervi Rajahonka and Kaija Villman and Ulla Santti}
}
@article {1104,
	title = {Orchestration Roles to Facilitate Networked Innovation in a Healthcare Ecosystem},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {30-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This study examines orchestration roles in a networked innovation context characterized by significant transformation. In particular, an exploratory case study approach is taken to study the roles of innovation network orchestrators and their actions to facilitate networked activities in different phases of the innovation process. The context of the case study, a healthcare ecosystem that aims to co-create technological innovations to support the pediatric surgery journey, provides valuable insights about orchestration and adds knowledge on specific limitations set by the orchestrator-specific and context-related issues in a professional context. The findings of this study highlight the need for careful coordination that allows shared understanding of the goals of the orchestration process and achievable innovation implementations. It is shown that parallel, evolving, and even changing orchestrator roles are needed in complex networked innovation settings. },
	keywords = {case study, exploratory approach, healthcare ecosystem, high-level experts, innovation orchestration, roles},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1104},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1104},
	author = {Minna Pikkarainen and Mari Ervasti and Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen and Satu N{\"a}tti}
}
@article {1082,
	title = {Using Artificial Intelligence and Web Media Data to Evaluate the Growth Potential of Companies in Emerging Industry Sectors},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {25-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we describe our efforts to adapt and validate a web search and analytics tool {\textendash} the Gnowit Cognitive Insight Engine {\textendash} to evaluate the growth and competitive potential of new technology startups and existing firms in the newly emerging precision medicine sector. The results are based on two different search ontologies and two different samples of firms. The first sample includes established drug companies operating in the precision medicine field and was used to estimate the relationship between the firms{\textquoteright} innovativeness and the extent of online discussions focusing on their potential growth. The second sample includes new technology firms in the same sector. The firms in the second sample were used as test cases to determine whether their growth-related web search scores would relate to the degree of their innovativeness. The second part of the study applied the same methodology to the real-time monitoring of the firms{\textquoteright} competitive actions. In our findings, we see that our methodology reveals a moderate degree of correlation between the Insight Engine{\textquoteright}s algorithmically computed relevance scores and independent measures of innovation potential. The existence of such correlations invites future work in attempting to analyze company growth potential using techniques founded in web content scraping, natural language processing, and machine learning.},
	keywords = {analytics, artificial intelligence, business intelligence, entrepreneurship, online textual data, precision medicine sector, startup growth potential},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1082},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1082},
	author = {Andrew Droll and Shahzad Khan and Ehsanullah Ekhlas and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1003,
	title = {Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven  Intellectual Property Management},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis {\textendash} rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company{\textquoteright}s IP portfolio.},
	keywords = {business model, competitive advantage, competitive arena, Innovation management, intellectual capital, intellectual property, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1003},
	author = {Daniel Eckelt and Christian D{\"u}lme and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier and Simon Hemel}
}
@article {1014,
	title = {Perspectives on Knowledge Mobilization: An Introduction to the Special Issue},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	pages = {4-8},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review{\textquoteright}s special issue on Knowledge Mobilization, Guest Editors Kimberly Matheson and Cathy Malcolm Edwards share their different perspectives as an academic and a knowledge broker on the process of knowledge mobilization. Despite their distinctive points of entry into the knowledge mobilization field, they share a common perspective on the value of researchers and knowledge users learning from each other, working together to co-create solutions, and the importance of contributing back into the basic research and training of the next generation. They also provide the context of the authors{\textquoteright} contributions to this special issue, noting that the articles are rooted in the authors{\textquoteright} experiences in the health domain, but that they help to understand some of the challenges and rewards of integrating knowledge mobilization into research approaches more generally. },
	keywords = {health, interdisciplinary, knowledge mobilization, partnerships},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1014},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1014},
	author = {Kimberly Matheson and Cathy Malcolm Edwards}
}
@article {878,
	title = {A Method and Tool to Support the Management of Systems Engineering Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {03/2015},
	pages = {18-28},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Too many industrial projects still fail, mainly due to the managerial techniques used. Indeed, organizational processes are more or less specifically mentioned in systems engineering standards, but in practice, project managers tend to rely more on their own standards, which sometimes set forth practices that do not align with those of the systems engineering domain, hence the reported discrepancies that very often lead to project failure. Thus, we argue that, to improve the companies{\textquoteright} competitiveness when developing new products, cooperation between processes related to system development and project management is key to achieving performance and success. This article presents arguments that tend to support this assertion and introduces an ongoing project to develop both a method and tool that aim to integrate both domains.},
	keywords = {collaborative engineering, decision support, engineering processes, project management, system design, systems engineering, systems engineering standards},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/878},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/878},
	author = {Claude Baron and Philippe Esteban and Rui Xue and Daniel Esteve and Michel Malbert}
}
@article {936,
	title = {Scaling Spatial Transformation: Smart Specialization of Urban Capabilities in the Helsinki Region},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {10/2015},
	pages = {42-51},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Societies are shifting towards more complex structures and agile networks through spatial transformation. That shift affects the ways in which citizens interact with and within their physical and virtual surroundings. The interactions define purposes for the modern hybrid spaces, depending on individual demands in relation to space and time. As facilities per se are becoming less relevant, spatial concepts and service that support, attract, and engage modern individuals must be invented. The capabilities of user-orientated processes are important in terms of connectivity, co-creation, and communication, involvement in change, and control as well as governance. This article explores the potential scaling in diverse spatial transformations and summarizes the lessons learned from managing a campus as a small city to managing a larger-scale urban area. The study uses a case study methodology: the data was collected through interviews and document analysis. The framework of five urban capabilities (5Cs), which were initially introduced by the urbanist John Worthington, guided the content analysis of data. The results indicate that the lessons learned in the diverse urban projects can be scaled from a minor urban-area campus to a large urban area. Users of spaces have a need and will to collaborate, co-create, and impact their environments. This view expands the roles of decision makers and planners to controlling the uses of spaces for supporting grassroot initiatives. Consequently, active citizens engage and contribute, which can be a driving force for co-creation, shared ownership, and attractiveness of small- and large-scale areas.},
	keywords = {campus management, hybrid spaces, mobile work, scaling businesses, urban development and management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/936},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/936},
	author = {Renita Niemi and Eelis Rytk{\"o}nen and Robert Eriksson and Suvi Nenonen}
}
@article {885,
	title = {Supply Chain Cyber-Resilience: Creating an Agenda for Future Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {04/2015},
	pages = {6-12},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Supply chains have become more vulnerable in recent years, and high-profile cyber-attacks that have crippled the supply chains of well-known companies reveal that the point of entry for hackers is often through the weakest link in the chain. Exacerbated by growing complexity and the need to be visible, these supply chains share vital streams of information every minute of the day, thereby becoming an easy and highly lucrative target for talented criminals, causing financial losses as well as damaging brand reputation and value. Companies must therefore invest in supply chain capabilities to withstand cyber-attacks (i.e., cyber-resilience) in order to guard against potential threats. They must also embrace the reality that this often-unknown dimension of risk is the "new normal". Although interest on this topic has grown in the business world, less has been reported by the academic community. One reason for this could be due to the convergence of two different disciplines, information technology and supply chains, where supply chain cyber-risk and cyber-resilience appear to have a natural fit. The topic of cyber-resilience in supply chains is still in early stages of development, and this is one of the first journals to focus a special issue on it. Currently, the closest academic literature is within the realms of supply chain risk and resilience, where numerous models and frameworks exist. In this article, this literature is explored to identify whether these models can incorporate the dimension of cyber-risk and cyber-resilience. In doing so, we create a research agenda for supply chain cyber-resilience and provide recommendations for both academia and practice. },
	keywords = {cyber-risk, cybersecurity, resilience, supply chain management, theoretical foundation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/885},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/885},
	author = {Omera Khan and Daniel A. Sep{\'u}lveda Estay}
}
@article {782,
	title = {Accessing Value-in-Use Information by Integrating Social Platforms into Service Offerings},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {26-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article proposes a new approach for assessing the value derived from using a service offering (i.e., value-in-use) through the utilization of {\textquotedblleft}social platforms.{\textquotedblright} We define a social platform as an adaptable digital service environment that enables the co-creation of value through social interactions with other service systems. By reviewing the relevant literature, detailed propositions are built based on the integration of theoretical concepts, thereby combining the literature on service-dominant logic, platforms, and social media. The primary argument of the article is that embedding social platforms in a company{\textquoteright}s services may result in more efficient retrieval and understanding of customer insights, better management of customer intelligence, and ultimately higher value-in-use.},
	keywords = {platforms, service systems, service-dominant logic, social media, value-in-use},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/782},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/782},
	author = {Ville Eloranta and Juho-Ville Matveinen}
}
@article {789,
	title = {Product and Service Interaction in the Chinese Online Game Industry},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {05/2014},
	pages = {6-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article examines the rapidly-growing online game industry in China, which is a prime example of the changing regional landscape of new creative industries in East Asia. The industry{\textquoteright}s evolution in China demonstrates the complexity of the growth of this industry through various knowledge and production networks. Despite the fact that Chinese companies were initially a second mover in this industry and had limited technological competence, they managed to move up the value chain within a few years, from operators of foreign-developed games to game developers. The catch-up process in this creative industry has differed from traditional manufacturing industries, which reflects the responsiveness and close proximity between product and service as key elements of the online game experience. This article conceptualizes this product{\textendash}service offering in the industry and highlights its requirement for a widespread geographical network, as well as close proximity and responsiveness between elements of the network. In the empirical study of the growth of the Chinese online game industry described here, we argue that Chinese companies have managed to grow by utilizing the strategic control of service, player preferences, and responsiveness in this network, and translating this control into constant incremental improvement of their game development offering. },
	keywords = {China, Korea, MMOG, network, online gaming, product and service, service innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/789},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/789},
	author = {Patrik Str{\"o}m and Mirko Ernkvist}
}
@article {781,
	title = {Radical Versus Incremental Innovation: The Importance of Key Competences in Service Firms},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {15-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Today, innovation often takes place using open practices and relies on many sources for knowledge and information. The purpose of this article is to study how different knowledge-based antecedents influence the ability of service organizations to innovate. Using data about the Norwegian service sector from the 2010 Community Innovation Survey, we examined how three types of competence, namely R\&D activities, employee-based activities, and customer-related activities, influence the propensity of firms to introduce radical or incremental innovations. The results show that R\&D-based competence is important for service firms when pursuing radical innovations, whereas employee-based activities such as idea collaboration are only found to influence incremental innovations. The use of customer information was found to be an important driver for both radical and incremental innovations. The findings points to managerial challenges in creating and balancing the types of competence needed, depending on type of innovation targeted by an organization. },
	keywords = {community innovation survey, competences, innovation, innovation novelty, services},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/781},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/781},
	author = {Marit Engen and Inger Elisabeth Holen}
}
@article {717,
	title = {On the Road to Holistic Decision Making in Adaptive Security},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {08/2013},
	pages = {59-64},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Security is a critical concern in today{\textquoteright}s software systems. Besides the interconnectivity and dynamic nature of network systems, the increasing complexity in modern software systems amplifies the complexity of IT security. This fact leaves attackers one step ahead in exploiting vulnerabilities and introducing new cyberattacks. The demand for new methodologies in addressing cybersecurity is emphasized by both private and national corporations. A practical solution to dynamically manage the high complexity of IT security is adaptive security, which facilitates analysis of the system{\textquoteright}s behaviour and hence the prevention of malicious attacks in complex systems. Systems that feature adaptive security detect and mitigate security threats at runtime with little or no administrator involvement. In these systems, decisions at runtime are balanced according to quality and performance goals. This article describes the necessity of holistic decision making in such systems and paves the road to future research.},
	keywords = {adaptive security, architecture, automation, cyberattacks, cybersecurity, game theory, holistic decision making, self-adaptive software, self-protecting software},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/717},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/717},
	author = {Mahsa Emami-Taba and Mehdi Amoui and Ladan Tahvildari}
}
@article {668,
	title = {University-SME Collaboration and Open Innovation: Intellectual-Property Management Tools and the Roles of Intermediaries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {33-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du Qu{\'e}bec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province{\textquoteright}s context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodies{\textquoteright} contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs. 

Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations.},
	keywords = {intellectual property, intermediaries, IP management, Open innovation, technology transfer, university-enterprise collaboration, university-SME collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/668},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/668},
	author = {Isabelle Deschamps and Maria G. Macedo and Christian Eve-Levesque}
}
@article {413,
	title = {Nokia{\textquoteright}s Hybrid Business Model for Qt},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {01/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s challenging economy, startup companies are finding it more and more difficult to gain a foothold and traction in the market. Free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) allows a company to gain exposure to their products. However, few firms offer F/LOSS solutions alone. The vast majority combine proprietary and open source products while receiving revenues from both traditional license fees and open source offerings (Bonaccorsi and Giannangeli, 2006). This dual practice of offering F/LOSS as well as a commercial license is a hybrid business model.

In this article, we focus on the hybrid business model for Nokia{\textquoteright}s Qt product: how it is implemented, why it was implemented, and the extent to which the model has been effective. The Qt story illustrates how F/LOSS business models were developed during a period when participants were just beginning to understand how to make money with open source.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/413},
	author = {John Schreuders and Arthur Low and Kenneth Esprit and Nerva Joachim}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Experiences From the OSSIE Open Source Software Defined Radio Project},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {03/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article briefly describes OSSIE, a university-based open source Software Defined Radio project based on the U.S. Department of Defense{\textquoteright}s Software Communications Architecture. The OSSIE software has proven useful for rapid prototyping by industry as well as for published research and education of hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students and short course participants. In addition to examples of OSSIE{\textquoteright}s successes, the project{\textquoteright}s challenges and approaches to mitigating and overcoming them are described. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/334},
	author = {Carl B. Dietrich and Jeffrey H. Reed and Stephen H. Edwards and Frank E. Kragh}
}
@article {387,
	title = {Open Source Contributions as a Complement to Your Sales Strategy},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Freeform Solutions, a not-for-profit IT consultancy, discovered a large portion of its work was being carried out without being paid for directly from consulting fees. This led to an investigation of the nature of such pro bono work, and what value it could provide to Freeform and its clients.

Supporting open source communities was determined to be the most significant use of the time possible. Accordingly, Freeform has taken steps to focus a significant portion of its work on that task, and to integrate this work with its overall orientation to clients.

This commitment to open source provides a strong differentiator in the marketplace. It also enables one kind of prioritization of sales leads. Ultimately, the commitment to the work is considered the most important aspect of the work, rather than the specific kind of activities that are undertaken, or how they are paid for.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/387},
	author = {Jason C{\^o}t{\'e} and Julian Egelstaff}
}
@article {260,
	title = {Community-Built Software: What I Learned from Calagator},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {06/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Many open source projects start with a single developer trying to scratch an itch by making a new tool for their own use. But what if the need to be addressed is bigger, and affects more people? How can the creation of open source software involve a whole community?

At the start of 2008 I decided to build a solution to an ongoing problem in my hometown of Portland, Oregon. Portland{\textquoteright}s growing technology scene was having trouble tracking all of the user groups, meetups, and events that people were planning. I started a central calendar using Google Calendar, but found it hard to maintain. People planning the events needed the ability to make their own updates without me having to add them individually as users. A single, central information source that would be completely open to the community at large was needed. The solution became an open-source calendar aggregator called Calagator. The process of creating that solution became a very rewarding community-building effort.

By trying different things along the way, we learned how to organize an open source project to encourage community development, and code sprint practices for group work sessions, and worked with a number of tools that make collaboration easier.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/260},
	author = {Audrey Eschright}
}
@article {269,
	title = {Social Actions: Making the Web More Philanthropic},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {07/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Social Actions makes it easier for people to turn their good intentions into meaningful action. The organization has created an open source database of actions people can take on any issue. The actions in the database come from across the social web and include everything from volunteer opportunities to micro credit loans. It currently aggregates opportunities to make a difference from 50+ action sources, including: CanadaHelps, Kiva, Idealist, GlobalGiving, GiveIndia, and Greater Good South Africa. Using the Social Actions application programming interface, we encourage third party developers to build web and mobile applications that intelligently distribute actions from our database on the websites, social networks, and mobile phones that millions of people use every day.

This article describes how Social Actions applies open source principles to the organization{\textquoteright}s products and processes. In its entirety, Social Actions is intentionally designed to contribute to the ongoing and vibrant conversations about open source practices and principles.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/269},
	author = {Peter Deitz and Christine Egger}
}
@article {307,
	title = {Ways of Engaging Consumers in Co-production},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {12/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {As co-production becomes an important engagement for many consumers-suppliers situations, the issue of how to encourage consumers to engage in co-production becomes an important question. Marketers need to recognize that co-production is not an automatic consumer situation but a conscious decision by consumers to engage in such activities. This article presents several factors which may enhance the ability of consumers to engage in co-production. To engage consumers, marketers have to ensure that they offer those products and services that can be individually adjusted and modified, and to present them to consumers who have a higher propensity to engage in co-production activities. In order for consumers to agree to such endeavours, marketers must find what kind of benefits targeted consumers seek in such activities. Those usually encompass economic, psychological and social needs. Then, they have to offer them packages which can fulfill such needs. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/307},
	author = {Michael Etgar}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Supporting Not-for-Profits: an Opportunity for the Commons},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {11/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2004, the Nonprofit Open Source Initiative (NOSI) released "Choosing and Using Free and Open Source Software: A Primer for Nonprofits". The primer describes the potential impact that Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) might have on the not-for-profit (NFP) sector. In a recently released update, the primer concludes that, despite many advances in the use of F/LOSS in the sector over the past several years, a real and perceived lack of support remains a significant barrier to the increased adoption of F/LOSS by NFPs. 

Support is often the last thing people think of when they think of F/LOSS and NFPs. Instead, people tend to focus on the price, which is of particular importance to cash-strapped NFPs. There is a widely held belief that free software represents a cost savings to NFPs. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/56},
	author = {Jason C{\^o}t{\'e} and Julian Egelstaff}
}
