@article {1479,
	title = {Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries: An evidence-based systematic review and bibliometric analysis},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {22010202},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {-},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Contemporary research on technology and innovation management has gauged blockchain as a catalyst for the electronic-information era. As developing countries around the globe are facing challenges to adopt and implement blockchain, this evidence-based systematic review aims to identify the implementation challenges of blockchain technology for developing countries. A total of 1,298 published documents during the period 2016-2021 from the Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases were explored to recognize 19 appropriate publications for research analysis using a PRISMA flow diagram. Based on the identified challenges from the thorough reviews of these 19 publications, using the association technique, the authors developed four comprehensive themes as broad challenges: technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge. Later, they performed bibliometric analyses using VOSviewer 1.6.17, and based on the bibliometric evidence constructed term co-occurrence network plots. The results show that developing countries face challenges vis-{\`a}-vis technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge issues when implementing blockchain technology. Hence, to make blockchain adoption and implementation processes successful in developing countries, these broad categories of challenges must be properly addressed. In addition, practitioners of disruptive technology, policymakers, consultants, IT experts, business people, top company managers, and above all, respective governments need to pay attention to these challenges for accelerating the blockchain adoption and implementation process in developing countries.},
	keywords = {bibliometric analysis, blockchain, challenges, developing country, implementation, PRISMA, systematic review, VOSviewer},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1479},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1479},
	author = {Abu Naser Mohammad Saif and K. M. Anwarul Islam and Afruza Haque and Hamida Akhter and S.M. Masudur Rahman and Nusrat Jafrin and Rasheda Akter Rupa and Rehnuma Mostafa}
}
@article {1427,
	title = {The Acceptance of Digital Surveillance in an Age of Big Data},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {03/2021},
	pages = {32-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {32},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {News media companies and human rights organizations have been increasingly warning about the rise of the surveillance state that builds on distrust and mass surveillance of its citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic is fostering digitalization and state-corporate collaboration, leading to the introduction of contact tracing apps and other digital surveillance technologies that bring about societal benefits, but also increase privacy invasion. This study examines citizens{\textquoteright} concerns about their digital identity, the nation-state{\textquoteright}s intelligence activities, and the security of biodata, addressing their impacts on the trust in and acceptance of governmental use of personal data. Our analysis of survey data from 1,486 Canadians suggest that those concerns have negative impacts on citizens{\textquoteright} acceptance of governmental use of personal data, but not necessarily on their trust in the nation-state being respectful of privacy. Government and corporations, it is concluded, should be more transparent about the collection and uses of data, and citizens should be more active in "watching the watchers" in the age of Big Data.},
	keywords = {Acceptance, Biometric, Citizen Privacy, digital identity, Digital surveillance, Intelligence activities, Mass surveillance, personal data, privacy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1427},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1427},
	author = {Mika Westerlund and Diane A. Isabelle and Seppo Leminen}
}
@article {1366,
	title = {Is Porter{\textquoteright}s Five Forces Framework Still Relevant? A study of the capital/labour intensity continuum via mining and IT industries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {28-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {28},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Porter{\textquoteright}s Five Forces (P5F) framework, published in 1979, helps us to understand the attractiveness of an industry. The five competitive forces are: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products of services, and the rivalry among existing competitors. This framework has recently come under scrutiny and been called into question. To contribute to the debate, this paper investigates the relevance of Porter{\textquoteright}s framework by contrasting vastly different industries. The use cases consist of a resource-based, capital-intensive industry, the mining industry, and a knowledge-based, labor-intensive industry, the information technology industry. Drawing from research on Porter{\textquoteright}s Five Forces framework, and through an internationalization lens, the paper proposes a modified framework augmented with four additional forces. These additional forces are: the competitor{\textquoteright}s level of innovativeness, exposure to globalization, threat of digitalization, and industry exposure to de/regulation activities. These forces were added to capture the increased interconnectivity and complexity of businesses operating in the 21st century. The paper contributes to this body of knowledge by augmenting a popular framework and applying it to vital industrial sectors. The findings aim to incite researchers, managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers to go beyond the traditional five forces as a way to help monitor their business environment and enhance decision-making processes, particularly in a post-COVID-19 world.},
	keywords = {internationalization, IT industry, mining industry, Porter{\textquoteright}s Five Forces framework, regulation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1366},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1366},
	author = {Diane Isabelle and Kevin Horak and Sarah McKinnon and Chiara Palumbo}
}
@article {1371,
	title = {The Role of Analytics in Data-Driven Business Models of Multi-Sided Platforms: An exploration in the food industry},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	pages = {5-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The collection and use of data play an increasingly important role in the growth and success of today\&rsquo;s digital multi-sided platforms (MSPs). However, many aspiring MSPs lack effective strategies for using data to establish a profitable data-driven business model (DDBM). This study explores how MSPs in the food industry can utilize data to develop such a DDBM. Based on an analysis of seven illustrative cases of high-growth MSPs, namely food delivery and meal kit providers, the study identifies eight factors that reveal the role of analytics in those firms\&rsquo; DDBM, and further classifies them into three DDBM boosters. The findings contribute to our extant knowledge on MSPs and DDBM by addressing how digital platforms in the food industry can leverage big data to optimize their current business processes, predict future value of their product and service offerings, and develop their partnerships.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1371},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1371},
	author = {Diane Isabelle and Mika Westerlund and Mohnish Mane and Seppo Leminen}
}
@article {1217,
	title = {Mastering the Digital Transformation Process: Business Practices and Lessons Learned},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {02/2019},
	pages = {36-50},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Due to its unique features and accessibility, the focus of implementing digital technology is no longer just to improve internal operations, but to expand internal dimensions, reach customers and external partners, affect services, integrate processes, disrupt markets, and fundamentally change industries. It is no surprise that the notion of digital transformation has garnered much research interest, especially from the practitioners{\textquoteright} point of view, but academic achievements are somehow lagging behind, possibly because frameworks for digital transformation are still evolving. In this article, we tried to address that gap by conducting holistic research of digital transformation in companies. We used a series of in-depth interviews to inform comprehensive case studies of three companies from different industries that are in different stages of digital transformation. We carefully investigated the companies{\textquoteright} experiences in the process of digital transformation, which are discussed here to provide valid theoretical framing. We conclude that, in addition to technology adoption, important factors for successful digital transformation are the ability of an organization to change and operational excellence in the integration of external digital services with internal IT support. In that light, we summarize our findings in a form of discovered (sub)dimensions that are the basis for the proposed digital transformation framing, while the narratives and case experiences provide with examples of best practice.},
	keywords = {case study, change management, digital business, digital model, digital transformation, digital transformation model, digitization, human capital, Innovation management, talent management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = { http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1217},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1217},
	author = {Lucija Ivan{\v c}i{\'c} and Vesna Bosilj Vuk{\v s}i{\'c} and Mario Spremi{\'c}}
}
@article {1203,
	title = {Exploring the Use of Stakeholder Analysis Methodology in the Establishment of a Living Lab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {26-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article explores how to conduct a cost-effective stakeholder analysis to investigate opportunities and interest in establishing a living lab for an autonomous ferry connection. Using an action research approach, we share our experiences with the process and results, and we reflect openly on the strengths and weaknesses of both the stakeholder methodology generally as well as our own implementation specifically. According to the cyclic nature of action research and experiential learning, the research was conducted in two iterations, with the second iteration drawing upon input from the first. We compare and discuss these two approaches in terms of costs and benefits from a practitioner{\textquoteright}s perspective. The article provides a contribution to stakeholder analysis methodology for complex, multi-stakeholder innovation initiatives, such as living labs.},
	keywords = {action research, autonomous vessels, living labs, management, maritime, Open innovation, quadruple helix, stakeholder analysis},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1203},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1203},
	author = {Marius Imset and Per Haavardtun and Marius Stian Tannum}
}
@article {1142,
	title = {Value Creation in the Internet of Things: Mapping Business Models and Ecosystem Roles},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {5-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The increasing connectivity provided by the Internet of Things (IoT) supports novel business opportunities for actors in overlapping service systems. Therefore, the co-creative nature of IoT business needs to be further studied. This article reports an empirical study on a European IoT initiative. It contributes to the understudied area of IoT ecosystem dynamics by describing different actor roles and activities in the IoT use cases, and their implications for value creation in IoT ecosystems. Our findings show how IoT ecosystem actors may take the roles of ideator, designer, or intermediary in different IoT design layers, and we recommend this perspective to better understand and describe ecosystem business models. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.},
	keywords = {business model, ecosystem, Internet of Things, role, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1142},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1142},
	author = {Heini Ik{\"a}valko and Petra Turkama and Anssi Smedlund}
}
@article {1102,
	title = {Anticipating Alternative Futures for the Platform Economy},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {6-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Despite the considerable hype around platforms, our understanding of what the platform economy means and what drivers will define future development trajectories is limited. Companies and policy makers have a great need to investigate what potential opportunities will arise from the platform economy. A shared perception of uncertainties and a strong vision are prerequisites for the development of the platform economy. In this article, we describe a systematic way to develop a resilient vision for a new platform ecosystem, both from the viewpoint of national policy makers and corporate strategy makers in the heavy engineering industry. The process uses morphological analysis for scenario development and robust portfolio modelling for creating resilient strategies. The results include a list of key uncertainties, three general scenarios (sustainable development by Europe; polarization driven by China and the United States; US-driven fast, unreliable growth) as well as steel-industry specific scenarios based on these uncertainties, elements of a resilient vision, and strategies for coping with the uncertainties described by the scenarios.},
	keywords = {foresight, morphological analysis, platform economy, platforms, portfolio modelling, resilience, scenarios, strategy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1102},
	author = {Mikko Dufva and Raija Koivisto and Leena Ilmola-Sheppard and Seija Junno}
}
@article {864,
	title = {Identifying the Challenges in Commercializing High Technology: A Case Study of Quantum Key Distribution Technology},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {01/2015},
	pages = {26-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article examines the challenges in commercializing high technologies successfully and sustainably using quantum key distribution (QKD) technology as a case study. Quantum communication is increasingly relevant to cybersecurity and nanotechnology, which will replace current technologies and change the way we live. To understand how such high technology could be successfully commercialized, we interviewed individuals from four metrology institutions and two international companies. The result revealed that scattered and small markets, supply chain development, technology validation/certification, a lack of available or adequate infrastructure, and after-sales services are the most serious challenges facing successful commercialization of quantum communication technology. To validate these challenges, we conducted a survey of 60 experts, 49 of whom agreed that above-mentioned factors could affect the commercialization success of QKD technology. Likewise, the survey revealed that technical development, customer orientation/awareness, and government regulations could also hinder the commercialization of QKD technology.},
	keywords = {after-sales services, certification, challenges, commercialization, high technology, infrastructure, market size, quantum key distribution, standards, supply chains},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/864},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/864},
	author = {Anas Al Natsheh and Saheed A. Gbadegeshin and Antti Rimpil{\"a}inen and Irna Imamovic-Tokalic and Andrea Zambrano}
}
@article {951,
	title = {Places and Spaces within Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {12/2015},
	pages = {37-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we propose the concepts of places and spaces as conceptual tools to facilitate the organization of innovation activities within living labs. We have taken a pragmatic perspective on these concepts regarding how they are integrated in design situations, and how different types of places and spaces can facilitate or hinder innovation. We have found that, by applying openness, realism, and influence in the different spaces of our living lab milieus, they have transformed into many different places depending on the stakeholders involved, the methods chosen, and the facilitation of activities. Hence, by understanding this line of reasoning, living lab managers can make more informed decisions and plans for innovation activities.},
	keywords = {influence, Living lab, openness, place, realism, space},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/951},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/951},
	author = {Birgitta Bergvall-K{\r a}reborn and Carina Ihlstr{\"o}m Eriksson and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st}
}
@article {648,
	title = {The Evolving Role of Open Source Software in Medicine and Health Services},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {32-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The past five decades have witnessed immense coevolution of methods and tools of information technology, and their practical and experimental application within the medical and healthcare domain. Healthcare itself continues to evolve in response to change in healthcare needs, progress in the scientific foundations of treatments, and in professional and managerial organization of affordable and effective services, in which patients and their families and carers increasingly participate.

Taken together, these trends impose highly complex underlying challenges for the design, development, and sustainability of the quality of supporting information services and software infrastructure that are needed. The challenges are multidisciplinary and multiprofessional in scope, and they require deeper study and learning to inform policy and promote public awareness of the problems health services have faced in this area for many years. The repeating pattern of failure to live up to expectations of policy-driven national health IT initiatives has proved very costly and remains frustrating and unproductive for all involved. 

In this article, we highlight the barriers to progress and discuss the dangers of pursuing a standardization framework devoid of empirical testing and iterative development. We give the example of the openEHR Foundation, which was established at University College London (UCL) in London, England, with members in 80 countries. The Foundation is a not-for-profit company providing open specifications and working for generic standards for electronic records, informed directly by a wide range of implementation experience. We also introduce the Opereffa open source framework, which was developed at UCL based on these specifications and which has been downloaded in some 70 countries. We argue that such an approach is now essential to support good discipline, innovation, and governance at the heart of medicine and health services, in line with the new mandate for health commissioning in the United Kingdom{\textquoteright}s National Health Service (NHS), which emphasizes patient participation, innovation, transparency, and accountability. },
	keywords = {electronic health care record, information retrieval, open source framework, openEHR Foundation, persistence, standards based},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/648},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/648},
	author = {David Ingram and Sevket Seref Arikan}
}
@article {656,
	title = {Key Factors Affecting a Technology Entrepreneur{\textquoteright}s Choice of Incubator or Accelerator},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {02/2013},
	pages = {16-22},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology entrepreneurship rarely succeeds in isolation; increasingly, it occurs in interconnected networks of business partners and other organizations. For entrepreneurs lacking access to an established business ecosystem, incubators and accelerators provide a possible support mechanism for access to partners and resources. Yet, these relatively recent approaches to supporting entrepreneurship are still evolving. Therefore, it can be challenging for entrepreneurs to assess these mechanisms and to make insightful decisions on whether or not to join an incubator or accelerator, and which incubator or accelerator best meets their needs.

In this article, five key factors that entrepreneurs should take into consideration about incubators and accelerators are offered. Insights are drawn from two surveys of managers and users of incubators and accelerators. An understanding of these five key success factors (stage of venture, fit with incubator{\textquoteright}s mission, selection and graduation policies, services provided, and network of partners) and potential pitfalls will help entrepreneurs confidently enter into a relationship with an incubator or accelerator. },
	keywords = {accelerator, entrepreneur, incubator, technology entrepreneurship, venture},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/656},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/656},
	author = {Diane A. Isabelle}
}
@article {675,
	title = {Open Innovation at the Root of Entrepreneurial Strategy: A Case from the Norwegian Oil Industry},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {04/2013},
	pages = {17-22},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article aims to extend the discussion about entrepreneurial strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by including the concept of open innovation. How can SMEs overcome the challenges of resource scarcity and harsh competition? How they can gain competitive advantage in today{\textquoteright}s ever-changing business environment? The answer to both of these questions might be through open innovation: collaborating with researchers, customers, suppliers {\textendash} even competitors {\textendash} as well as research institutions and universities. 

A common barrier to open innovation in an SME is the perception that it will be too time consuming to gain access to a knowledge base of external knowledge providers and link to {\textquotedblleft}gatekeepers{\textquotedblright} of knowledge. However, an entrepreneurial mindset might help SMEs to move toward an open-innovation approach, where more codified and transferrable knowledge are important. This article discusses the implications of an entrepreneurial focus for open-innovation activities. The usefulness of the open-innovation principles are highlighted through a case study of an Norwegian SME operating in the maritime-oil industry. },
	keywords = {entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial strategies, Open innovation, SMEs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/675},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/675},
	author = {Tatiana Iakovleva}
}
@article {577,
	title = {Evergreen Brick Works: An Innovation and Sustainability Case Study},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	pages = {21-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology is rapidly being deployed to advance social innovation that creates lasting change. This case study of Evergreen Brick Works explores how Evergreen is leveraging the power of its unique new campus as a showcase for advancing sustainability-related behavioural change along with new and emerging state-of-the-art technologies to advance its mission. The ultimate success of these technologies will be in their ability to engage larger numbers and greater diversity among participants, and in their ability to translate new insights into on-the-ground change in their communities. The article also identifies that the need for an organizational network mindset is as important as the technologies to achieve these changes.},
	keywords = {environmental education, evergreen, green building, LEED, nonprofit, social innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/577},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/577},
	author = {Seana Irvine}
}
