@article {1431,
	title = {Editorial: Aligning Multiple Stakeholder Value Propositions (April 2021)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1431},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1431},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Christian Keen and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1429,
	title = {Editorial: Celebrating the World of Innovation (March 2021)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {03/2021},
	pages = {3-3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1429},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1429},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1416,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (January 2021)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2021},
	pages = {3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Digital disruption, digital ecosystem, eCommerce, ecosystem, FAIR, Global eCom, innovation, Innovation management, innovation process, internationalization, interoperability, knowledge, opportunity, roadmap, scientometrics, small business, sustainability, text mining, university cooperation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1416},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1416},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1437,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (May 2021)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1413,
	title = {Global Market Entry for Finnish SME eCommerce Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2021},
	pages = {11-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {11},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge about the expansion of eCommerce (eCom) operations by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to global markets. We investigate the literature on eCom and reflect on our experiences working with several Finnish eCom companies and consulting firms to boost their global sales. In addition, one important goal of our study was to acquire knowledge and boost participants{\textquoteright} learning of fast growing digital business models. Our findings show that digital disruption and digitalization in general are driving forces behind eCom growth. The study{\textquoteright}s conclusions underline the importance of targeted marketing activities, knowledge sharing, and capability building for global eCom operations.},
	keywords = {Digital disruption, eCommerce, Global eCom, internationalization, university cooperation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1413},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1413},
	author = {Marko M{\"a}ki and Tuija Toivola}
}
@article {1432,
	title = {Interview: Discussing Value Proposition Research in the Context of New Companies Committed to Scaling Early and Rapidly},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {6-12},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {6},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business ecosystems, implicitly vs. explicitly formulated value propositions, new scaling companies, value proposition, value proposition alignment},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1432},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1432},
	author = {Adrian Payne and Pennie Frow and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1467,
	title = {A Review of Living Lab Research and Methods for User Involvement},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {88-107},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {88},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Living lab initiatives attempt to solve challenges by stimulating innovative collaboration and outcomes, which unfold in multifarious activities. This study investigates the progress of Living lab research over time. It explores its current trends, along with methods and tools used by Living labs for user involvement. By employing a two-step approach, the study first presents a bibliometric analysis of 535 publications, including detection of convergence towards areas like the aging problem of societies, smart cities, Urban Living labs, and overall sustainability. Urban Living lab clusters have been growing rapidly and forming their own research domain. Subsequently, a review of 42 empirical papers explores the methods and tools adopted by Living labs for user involvement during the innovation process. We categorize the methods into the following eight groups: 1) Structured interaction, 2) Flexible interaction, 3) Extended network, 4) Special actors, 5) Learning and engaging, 6) Design approaches; 7) Techniques, 8) Operational guidelines. The study contributes both to theoretical and practice-oriented Living lab research and offers potential support especially to practitioners.},
	keywords = {bibliometric analysis, co-creation, literature review, Living lab, user involvement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1467},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1467},
	author = {Judy Hong Huang and Elisa Thomas}
}
@article {1457,
	title = {Using Web Text Analytics to Categorize the Business Focus  of Innovative Digital Health Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10/2021},
	pages = {65-78},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {65},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Categorizing the market focus of larger samples of companies can be a tedious and time-consuming process for both researchers and business analysts interested in developing insights about emerging business sectors. The objective of this article is to suggest a text analytics approach to categorizing the application areas of companies operating in the digital health sector based on the information provided on their websites. More specifically, we apply topic modeling on a collection of text documents, including information collected from the websites of a sample of 100 innovative digital health companies. The topic model helps in grouping the companies offering similar types of market offers. It enables identifying the companies that are most highly associated with each of the topics. In addition, it allows identifying some of the emerging themes that are discussed online by the companies, as well as their specific market offers. The results will be of interest to inspiring technology entrepreneurs, organizations supporting new ventures, and business accelerators interested to enhance their services to new venture clients. The development, operationalization, and automation of the company categorization process based on publicly available information is a methodological contribution that opens the opportunity for future applications in research and business practice.},
	keywords = {Digital health sector, machine learning, Market offer, topic modeling algorithm, value proposition, web analytics},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1457},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1457},
	author = {Abdulla Aweisi and Daman Arora and Ren{\'e}e Emby and Madiha Rehman and George Tanev and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1435,
	title = {Value Proposition Misalignment and the Failure to Become a Born-Global Company},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {38-51},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {38},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This inductive study explores factors by which some new and innovative firms try yet fail to achieve born-global status. Born-global studies have a survivorship bias, with errors of omission that paint a favourable picture of how innovative and well-funded new ventures internationalise. In this paper, we counter such biases by focussing on innovative ventures that expressed intentions to become born global but failed to do so. Our findings reveal that these new ventures fail in two ways. Either they underestimate the need to tailor a portfolio of value propositions and over-extend their efforts across too many markets, a pattern called "baby born-global". Or they over-commit to one market at a time, thus limiting their capacity to develop value propositions in similar markets, a pattern called "micro multinational".},
	keywords = {Born-global, failure, internationalisation, premature scaling, value propositions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1435},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1435},
	author = {Roshana Prabaharan and Martin Bliemel and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1349,
	title = {Call for Papers: Aligning multiple stakeholder value propositions: the challenge of new companies  committed to scale early and rapidly},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {80-82},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {80},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1349},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1349},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Christian Keen and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1390,
	title = {Editorial: Innovating in Times of Crisis (September 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1390},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1390},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1410,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (December 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/2020},
	pages = {3-3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {5G technology; Bitcoin, blockchain, business model, business model innovation, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, Diem, Diem Association, digital currency, distributed ledger technology, Facebook, fiat currencies, financial inclusion, Financial industry, front-end, ideation, innovation, Libra, local currencies, Management Model, not-for-profit, research center, strategic foresight, strategy, technology firms; project portfolio management, tokenization; product innovativeness, visioning},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1410},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1410},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1298,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (January 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {01/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {AI, artificial intelligence, B2B sales, big data, business-to-business sales, data-based value, digital solutions, ecosystem, ecosystems, Ethics, Gujarat State, Indian IT industry, innovation, IT clusters, Knowledge Innovation clusters, Networks Analysis, regional development, Roboethics, Smart robot, strategy, Systematic literature review, technology, value capture, value creation, value sales},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1298},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1298},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1375,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (July 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1375},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1375},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1363,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (June 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Bitcoin, blockchain, crowdfunding, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, developing countries., distributed ledger technology, Employeedriven innovation, entrepreneurial finance, entrepreneurship, Ethereum, Financial industry, FinTech, ICOs, IEO, innovation, intellectual property rights, internationalization, IT industry, job autonomy, mining industry, moral hazard, need for autonomy, new company, Porter{\textquoteright}s Five Forces framework, regulation, scaling company value, scaling-up, self-leadership, signaling, SME, STO, sustainability, technological environment, technology, technology readiness, token offering, token sales, tokenization, value proposition, value proposition alignment, venture capital},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1363},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1363},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1404,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (November 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {11/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {AI innovation and maturity, and diaspora entrepreneurs., artificial intelligence, confidential information, criminal law, digitally enhanced teamwork, economic espionage, entrepreneurship, health technology, immigrants, Innovation management, living labs, migration, Multidisciplinarity, situated practice, small and medium-sized enterprises, stakeholder participation, sustainability, trade secrets, transnationals},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1404},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1404},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1381,
	title = {Editorial: ISPIM Bangkok (August 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	pages = {3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Basic research, biotech startups., co-working, Conceptual research, disruption, incubators, innovation, Integrative marketing, investors, knowledge-sharing, Open marketing, organizational capabilities, Pharmaceutical companies, roles, service ecosystems, service entities, service-dominant logic, stakeholders, strategic marketing, strategy-innovation link, structured literature review, triadic relationships, University and Public research institute, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1380},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1380},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1324,
	title = {Examining the Relationship Between Value Propositions and Scaling Value for New Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {02/2020},
	pages = {5-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Journal },
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {To scale company value rapidly, a new company needs to develop value propositions for diverse parties, customers, investors, partners, suppliers, employees, and other resource owners, as well as align these value propositions with its scaling objectives. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between value propositions for a diverse set of parties, and efforts from a new company to scale company value rapidly. We review the value proposition literature and then examine the relationships between 19 assertions about value propositions, as well as six stable topics that best describe the SERS corpus, which is comprised of 137 assertions about scaling companies early, rapidly, and securely. Conducting a topic model of eight topics led to six stable topics: Fundraise, Enable, Position, Communicate, Innovate, and Complement. We find that of the 19 assertions about value propositions, four are connected to Complement, four to Innovate, one to Position, one to Fundraise, and one to Communicate. A total of eight assertions about value propositions are not connected to any of the six stable topics. This paper contributes to our understanding of how a new company scales company value rapidly, adding an application of topic modelling to perform small-scale data analysis. The findings are expected to be relevant to entrepreneurs and new companies worldwide.},
	keywords = {scaling company value, scaling objectives, topic modeling, topic stability, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1324},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1324},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1407,
	title = {Facebook{\textquoteright}s Digital Currency Venture {\textquotedblleft}Diem{\textquotedblright}:  the new Frontier ... or a Galaxy far, far away?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/2020},
	pages = {19-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {20},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article focuses on Facebook{\textquoteright}s new digital currency, initially called "Libra" and renamed in December 2020 "Diem", that has been designed and proposed by the Diem Association (formerly the Libra Association). It briefly reflects on the historical meaning of money and currency, as well as "local currencies" viewed as precursors to the new "digital currencies" or "cryptocurrencies". The paper presents a general overview of the Diem project, particularly from the perspective of financial theory and practise. It looks specifically into Diem{\textquoteright}s business model and analyzes the project{\textquoteright}s planned and potential revenue streams, according to official documents published by the Diem Association. The research identifies potential obstacles and hurdles this digital currency would (since it has not happened yet) face on launch day and assesses whether the project is feasible in its current form. In the authors{\textquoteright} view, although some early concerns were addressed in the Diem White Paper 2.0, the Diem project is only questionably ready for commercial launch in its current state. Speaking directly to the financial aspects of the Diem Association{\textquoteright}s project, the current regulatory hurdles and institutional pressures seem difficult to bypass without making some additional noticeable and meaningful changes to Diem.},
	keywords = {Bitcoin, blockchain, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, Diem, Diem Association, digital currency, distributed ledger technology, Facebook, fiat currencies, financial inclusion, Financial industry, Libra, local currencies, tokenization},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1407},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1407},
	author = {Jahja Rrustemi and Nils S. Tuchschmid}
}
@article {1368,
	title = {Fundraising Campaigns in a Digital Economy: Lessons from a Swiss Synthetic Diamond Venture{\textquoteright}s Initial Coin Offering (ICO)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {53-63},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {53},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {As economies digitalize and many local businesses gradually internationalize, crowdfunding platforms have offered a new way for ventures to raise capital. Relying on distributed ledger technology (DLT, blockchain), the method of "tokenization" now seems to be the next way for digital economics to be actualised in practise. Digitalizing some of the production and selling processes through crypto-tokenization technology has brought with it new perspectives and opportunities. Any thorough consideration of the logic of "distributed systems" applied to economics is bound to see that it potentially brings considerable disruptions and significant changes in how companies get access to funding. Cryptocurrencies, and subsequently "tokens" initially issued from "initial coin offerings" (ICOs) have answered an obvious need for efficient, borderless, and secure flows of capital. This article first summarizes what early academic research tells us about ICOs based on DLTs and their factors of success. We then use the case of LakeDiamond, a Swiss venture in the business of growing and polishing synthetic diamonds, to present and contextualize the process of holding an ICO, which ultimately did not succeed. In the final section, we present two fund raising models that have recently gained traction and popularity, namely "security token offerings" (STOs) and "initial exchange offerings" (IEOs), and highlight their main advantages compared to ICOs.},
	keywords = {Bitcoin, blockchain, crowdfunding, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledger technology, entrepreneurial finance, Ethereum, Financial industry, FinTech, ICOs, IEO, moral hazard., signaling, STO, token offering, token sales, tokenization, venture capital},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1368},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1368},
	author = {Jahja Rrustemi and Nils S. Tuchschmid}
}
@article {1336,
	title = {Rapid Product Development in University-Industry Collaboration: Case Study of a Smart Design Project},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03/2020},
	pages = {49-59},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {49},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {University-industry collaboration aims at mutually beneficial knowledge and technology exchange between higher education and business. Prototyping new products is one sweet spot where industry can gain new valuable knowledge and understanding of technology, while higher education institutions develop the skills and competences of students by encouraging them to work on authentic real-life problems. From the \&ldquo;design thinking\&rdquo; perspective, rapid product development can be defined as the creation of new products, in the shortest timescales possible, that meet the criteria of desirability, feasibility, and viability. This article addresses rapid product development by presenting a case study of developing prototypes in university-industry collaboration. As a result, the study highlights key design principles, such as the importance of involving teachers, business representatives, and students in collaborative project design, of focusing on the customers or service users who will benefit from the design, and of guiding students participating in co-creation activities. Presenting conclusions for both academics and the industry, the article contributes to design thinking and rapid product development in university-industry collaboration.},
	keywords = {co-creation, Co-creation pedagogy, design thinking, Rapid product development, University-Industry Collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1336},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1336},
	author = {Jari Jussila and Jukka Raitanen and Atte Partanen and Vesa Tuomela and Ville Siipola and Irma Kunnari}
}
@article {1387,
	title = {Seeking {\textquoteright}Strategy{\textquoteright} in Business Intelligence Literature: Theorizing BI as part of strategy research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	pages = {??},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {??},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This paper connects the business intelligence (BI) literature with research in strategic management by plotting the existing research strands on BI: environmental scanning, competitive intelligence, executive information systems, and business intelligence, against the strategic dimensions of a) orientation (External vs. Internal), b) focus (Content vs. Process), and c) practice realms. The article accordingly offers a new re-conceptualization of BI as a strategic artifact across four strategic clusters: BI as a system, BI as a planned process, BI as a product, and BI as a decisional paradigm. This conceptual article contributes to the literature by integrating disparate views on BI and placing them within the content, process, and practice streams of strategy research.},
	keywords = {Business intelligence (BI), Conceptualization, definition., literature review, strategy as practice, strategy content, strategy process, strategy realms},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1387},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1387},
	author = {Yassine Talaoui and Marko Kohtam{\"a}ki and Risto Rajala}
}
@article {1395,
	title = {Sustainability-related Communication Patterns on the Websites of European Top R\&D Spenders},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {10/2020},
	pages = {43-54},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {43},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Many firms struggle to incorporate "sustainability" into their operations in a way that can capture economic value and deliver social and environmental benefits. This article aims to answer two questions in this regard: (i) How do companies articulate the sustainability aspects of their businesses online, and (ii) In what ways does the degree of articulation of specific sustainability aspects relate to company performance metrics, such as sales and R\&D expenditure. The research method measures the occurrences of a set of sustainability-related keywords on the websites of a sample of 387 firms that were ranked as top R\&D spenders in Europe for 2013. We processed the keyword occurrences in a simplified version of latent semantic analysis based on the application of principal component analysis to identify the specific combinations of words used by companies to communicate sustainability issues on their websites. The results show that "sustainable innovation" and "sustainable operations" based on partnerships and cooperation represent a dominant part of companies{\textquoteright} online communication strategies. One of the findings suggests a strong relationship between the communication of sustainable innovation aspects and sales, which offers a promising message to companies looking for evidence about the potential impact of their commitment to sustainable operations and innovation.},
	keywords = {business decision-making, online communication, online data collection, principal component analysis, R\&D, research and development, sustainability, sustainable innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1395},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1395},
	author = {Giacomo Liotta and Stoyan Tanev and Andrea Gorra and Alicja Izabela Pospieszala}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {What Makes Value Propositions Distinct and Valuable to New Companies Committed to Scale Rapidly?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {14-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {14},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {One of the most valuable resources a company owns is the "portfolio of value propositions" to its diverse external stakeholders, such as customers, investors, and resource owners. In this article, we fill a gap in the value proposition literature by identifying features that make the value propositions of new companies different from other resources, along with factors that make them valuable. A value proposition is conceived as being what enables and improves business transactions between a new company and external stakeholders. We reason that two features in particular make value propositions of new companies distinct: (1) business transactions between a new company and one or more external stakeholders, and (2) investments to create and improve a new company{\textquoteright}s value propositions that enable business transactions. We provide a definition of "value proposition" and postulate that a value proposition will benefit a new company when it: (1) strengthens the new company{\textquoteright}s capabilities to scale; (2) increases demand for the new company{\textquoteright}s products and services; and (3) increases the number, diversity, and rapidity of external investments in the new company{\textquoteright}s value proposition portfolio.},
	keywords = {new company, scaling company value, scaling-up, value proposition, value proposition alignment},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1365},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1365},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Stoyan Tanev and Christian Keen}
}
@article {1231,
	title = {Bridging Participatory Policy Trends and Research Traditions through Social Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	pages = {27-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This study explores whether social innovation may serve as a bridge between participatory policy trends and research traditions when striving for improved societal relevance and impact of research and innovation (R\&I). Despite their shared aim of relevance and impact through civic involvement, European R\&I policies and participatory action research approaches seldom refer to each other or harness each other{\textquoteright}s resources. The study advances the knowledge regarding how the participatory elements in the policies and research approaches relate through a participatory case study of a joint R\&I process to develop a model for social innovation support in Sweden. The case study helps distinguish potential synergies between various degrees of involvement advocated in the policies and research approaches, as well as between the reliance on trending policy concepts vs. scientific notions of validity. Social innovation is perceived as a potential bridge between these elements, as it draws upon participatory academic traditions, while simultaneously tapping into current policy trends of co-creation, in the development of new approaches and solutions to societal challenges. },
	keywords = {action research, co-creation, innovation, participatory research, social innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1231},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1231},
	author = {Malin Lindberg and Daniel Hallencreutz and Anna Tengqvist}
}
@article {1286,
	title = {Editorial: Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Management (December 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {12/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1286},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1286},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1270,
	title = {Editorial: Celebrating Innovation in Florence (October 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {10/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	chapter = {3},
	keywords = {behavioural economics, behavioural science, bibliometric analysis, business models, Buyer-Supplier Relationships, choice architecture, collaboration, consumer-to-business, Content creator-based business models, content creators, creativity management, digital platforms, digital technologies, digital transformation, Digital user involvement, digitalization, digitization, disruption, e-commerce, human-centered data economy, IIoT, Industry 4.0, innovation, innovation policy, intellectual commerce, Living lab, mission-led science, multisided platforms, personal data, research impact, social commerce, Supplier Integration, taxonomy, user-generated content},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1256,
	title = {Editorial: Innovation for Global and Local Impact (August 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {ISPIM,},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1256},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1256},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1278,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (November 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {11/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, competitive advantage, cybersecurity, deep learning, Deepfake, design rules, digitalization, entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurial university, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, fake news, innovation, international entrepreneurship, leadership, Learning Capabilities, marketing, motivation, new venture teams, quadruple helix, sanctions, SMEs, teamwork, triple helix, university business incubation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1278},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1278},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1251,
	title = {Is Joining a Business Incubator or Accelerator Always a Good Thing?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {5-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Business incubators and accelerators are often hailed as essential tools for fostering growth in startups. However, not only do entrepreneurs often face the question of which incubator or accelerator to join, we suggest that they should also question whether or not to join one at all. Is joining a business incubator or accelerator always a good thing? In this article, we investigate some of the negative outcomes entrepreneurs can experience when engaging with an incubator or accelerator. We apply a cross-case analysis of empirical observations from qualitative interviews with Danish and Canadian entrepreneurs to arrive at a set of recommendations that entrepreneurs should keep in mind when considering such an engagement. These points are further qualified based on informal interviews with four serial entrepreneurs.},
	keywords = {accelerator, Canada, Denmark, disadvantages, incubator, Lithuania, new venture, start-up},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1251},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1251},
	author = {Kristina Lukosiute and S{\o}ren Jensen and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1265,
	title = {Smart Mobility: Services, Platforms and Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {09/2019},
	pages = {15-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {15},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this study, we provide novel insight into building and managing growth in a new emerging market: the operation and maintenance of a heterogeneous and expanding vehicle fleet in a smart city environment. There are several different types of players in this emerging market and a dominant player is still missing. Based on our empirical findings, we identified three key characteristics of a growing business and the ability to reach a leading position: 1) co-creation through resource integration and service exchange is preferable for responding to market demands; 2) a digital platform is critical to create the necessary knowledge for resource integration and service exchange; and 3) smart services glue the ecosystem and platform together and create the outcome that solves the defined business problem. Most importantly, all three elements\&mdash;ecosystem, platform and smart services\&mdash;create a uniform environment in which to grow the business in a new emerging market.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1265},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1265},
	author = {Jukka Pulkkinen and Jari Jussila and Atte Partanen and Igor Trotskii and Aki Laiho}
}
@article {1247,
	title = {The Strategies of Technology Startups Within and Between Business Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06/2019},
	pages = {25-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology startups build strategies in order to survive within the framework of business ecosystems. However, the knowledge required to make such strategies effective is scarce. This article poses the question: {\textquotedblleft}How do small technology startups strategize within and between business ecosystems?{\textquotedblright} Based on an explorative qualitative study, this article defines and presents a dynamic strategic framework of three strategies employed by technology startups. Some startups choose to act within one defined business ecosystem, most startups use a multi-ecosystem strategy to act between and draw benefits from many business ecosystems, and the rest act as ecosystem creators that challenge the logics of existing ecosystems.},
	keywords = {boundaries, business ecosystems, entrepreneurship, startups, strategy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1247},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1247},
	author = {Taina Tukiainen and Thommie Burstr{\"o}m and Martin Lindell}
}
@article {1203,
	title = {Exploring the Use of Stakeholder Analysis Methodology in the Establishment of a Living Lab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {26-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article explores how to conduct a cost-effective stakeholder analysis to investigate opportunities and interest in establishing a living lab for an autonomous ferry connection. Using an action research approach, we share our experiences with the process and results, and we reflect openly on the strengths and weaknesses of both the stakeholder methodology generally as well as our own implementation specifically. According to the cyclic nature of action research and experiential learning, the research was conducted in two iterations, with the second iteration drawing upon input from the first. We compare and discuss these two approaches in terms of costs and benefits from a practitioner{\textquoteright}s perspective. The article provides a contribution to stakeholder analysis methodology for complex, multi-stakeholder innovation initiatives, such as living labs.},
	keywords = {action research, autonomous vessels, living labs, management, maritime, Open innovation, quadruple helix, stakeholder analysis},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1203},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1203},
	author = {Marius Imset and Per Haavardtun and Marius Stian Tannum}
}
@article {1144,
	title = {From Closed to Open Innovation in Emerging Economies: Evidence from the Chemical Industry in Brazil},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {26-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we examine how firms in an emerging economy perform research and development (R\&D) activities in regards to the concept of open innovation. Most literature on open innovation shows multinational knowledge-intensive firms with well-established R\&D processes mainly in developed countries. Searching for management contributions for firms in emerging economies, we qualitatively analyzed two chemical firms in Southern Brazil that have different profiles and are representative samples of typical firms in the region. Our results show that firms did not fully exploit the potential benefits brought by open innovation, even when complete opening was not the main goal. The firms were similar concerning interactions with partners and stages where relationships occur. The generation of ideas was an open activity performed both by firms and by clients, and interactions with universities were getting stronger. On the other hand, intellectual property has not been used as means of profiting from innovation activities. Our main finding refers to the internal mediation of relationships with partners. R\&D teams rarely contact external organizations directly; instead, they leave such interactions to other departments within their firms. Relationships with clients are mediated through technical and commercial departments, and interactions with suppliers are intermediated by the supply staff.},
	keywords = {collaboration, emerging economy, intermediary, Open innovation, R\&D},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1144},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1144},
	author = {Elisa Thomas}
}
@article {1131,
	title = {Technology Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: An Exploration of Entrepreneurial Models Prevalent in India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {24-32},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Are the features and processes of entrepreneurship {\textendash} such as wealth creation, risk taking, vision, identification of a niche market, launching new products, and so on {\textendash} common across the world? Many would assume they would be. However, firms that are entrepreneurial in nature and belong to emerging markets may or may not follow the established models of developed economies. In this study, we sought to explore various types of entrepreneurial models that are prevalent in an emerging market. For this purpose, we collected primary and secondary data to identify characteristics of technology-based entrepreneurial firms in India. Based on the two dimensions of degree of demand/supply and expected loss/risk, we identify four models of entrepreneurship {\textendash} incremental, proactive, radical, and reactive {\textendash} and illustrate each model with examples from Indian companies. },
	keywords = {emerging markets, entrepreneurship, India, models, technology, typology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1131},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1131},
	author = {Shiv S Tripathi and Mita Brahma}
}
@article {1176,
	title = {Transdisciplinary Research in the Built Environment: A Question of Time},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {27-40},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we reflect on 14 years of experience with transdisciplinary research in the built environment. We critically consider challenges and pitfalls in relation to normative definitions of transdisciplinary research derived from the literature. Our experiences from five transdisciplinary research projects are presented with a focus on each project{\textquoteright}s aim, size, organization of work, and funding. Results show that different kinds of transdisciplinary research approaches co-exist and that these can serve different purposes and situations. In most cases, transdisciplinary projects lead to raised levels of awareness of the complexity of real-world problems among participating partners. In some cases, the outcome is a useful innovation, in order to support such innovation, a focus on real cases is encouraged. However, there might be a trade-off between the focused attention on a real case and the maintained interest among diverse participants in a larger project. An important insight is that innovation and knowledge development through transdisciplinary settings take time. It is favourable for the development of networks, common visions, trust, and innovation if consecutive transdisciplinary projects can be arranged with the same partners. We conclude the article by providing practical guidelines to support the management of transdisciplinary projects. },
	keywords = {built environment, consecutive projects, innovation processes, practical experiences, sustainable renovation, transdisciplinary research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1176},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1176},
	author = {Paula Femen{\'\i}as and Liane Thuvander}
}
@article {1142,
	title = {Value Creation in the Internet of Things: Mapping Business Models and Ecosystem Roles},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {5-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The increasing connectivity provided by the Internet of Things (IoT) supports novel business opportunities for actors in overlapping service systems. Therefore, the co-creative nature of IoT business needs to be further studied. This article reports an empirical study on a European IoT initiative. It contributes to the understudied area of IoT ecosystem dynamics by describing different actor roles and activities in the IoT use cases, and their implications for value creation in IoT ecosystems. Our findings show how IoT ecosystem actors may take the roles of ideator, designer, or intermediary in different IoT design layers, and we recommend this perspective to better understand and describe ecosystem business models. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.},
	keywords = {business model, ecosystem, Internet of Things, role, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1142},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1142},
	author = {Heini Ik{\"a}valko and Petra Turkama and Anssi Smedlund}
}
@article {1069,
	title = {A Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Framework that Integrates Value-Sensitive Design},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	pages = {32-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Medical devices today are more effective and connected than ever before, saving more patient lives and making healthcare practitioner{\textquoteright}s jobs more efficient. But with this interconnectedness comes inherent concerns over increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Medical device cybersecurity has become an increasing concern for all relevant stakeholders including: patients, regulators, manufacturers, and healthcare practitioners. Although cybersecurity in medical devices has been covered in the literature, there is a gap in how to address cybersecurity concerns and assess risks in a way that brings value to all relevant stakeholders. In order to maximize the value created from cybersecurity risk mitigations, we review literature on the state of cybersecurity in the medical device industry, on cybersecurity risk management frameworks in the context of medical devices, and on how cybersecurity can be used as a value proposition. We then synthesize the key contributions of the literature into a framework that integrates cybersecurity value considerations for all relevant stakeholders into the risk mitigation process. This framework is subsequently applied to the hypothetical case of an insulin pump. Using this example case, we illustrate how medical device manufacturers can use the framework as a standardized method that can be applicable to medical devices at large. Our ultimate goal is to make cybersecurity risk mitigation an exploitable asset for manufacturers rather than a regulatory obligation. },
	keywords = {cybersecurity, framework, medical devices, risk assessment, value propositions, value-sensitive design},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1069},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1069},
	author = {Aida Alvarenga and George Tanev}
}
@article {1071,
	title = {Editorial: Lean and Global (May 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, entrepreneurship, global, international new venture, internationalization, lean, startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1071},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1071},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1077,
	title = {Initiating a New Research Phase in the Field of International Entrepreneurship: An Interview with Professor Nicole Coviello},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {52-56},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, definitions, international business, international entrepreneurship, international new ventures, internationalization, lean and global startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1077},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1077},
	author = {Nicole Coviello and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1125,
	title = {Innovation by Collaboration between Startups and SMEs in Switzerland},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {12/2017},
	pages = {23-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open innovation is key to the success of many companies. It is based on the intelligent use of all possible resources, including collaborations with parties outside the firm. Although it is well known that large companies foster and use startups as experiments in their innovation process, little is known about similar activities with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this article is to report the results of research done in Switzerland on startups and SMEs. It reveals that most startups know that they must co-operate with other companies from the very beginning of their existence, and that both sides have difficulties in performing a systematic search for possible partners. Hence, to encourage the collaborative development of innovative solutions, we propose building bridges between startups and SMEs, making the identification of possible users of new technologies (SMEs) more accessible to startups, as well as making startups more identifiable by SMEs.},
	keywords = {collaboration co-operation, innovation, matchmaking, SMEs, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1125},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1125},
	author = {Fabio Mercandetti and Christine Larbig and Vincenzo Tuozzo and Thomas Steiner}
}
@article {1045,
	title = {Innovation in the Public Sector: Exploring the Characteristics and Potential of Living Labs and Innovation Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	pages = {7-14},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Living labs and innovation labs share many common traits and characteristics. Both concepts are linked to the public sector, and both concepts can be regarded as coping mechanisms to deal with contemporary changes in the innovation landscape and within society as a whole. Both build on past initiatives and practices, but are also struggling to find their own clear identity and {\textquotedblleft}raison d{\textquoteright}{\^e}tre{\textquotedblright}. Because both concepts are largely practice-driven, their theoretical underpinnings and foundations are mostly established after the fact: making sense of current practice rather than carefully researching and planning the further development. However, despite their similarities and common ground, most researchers treat living labs and innovation labs as separate literature streams. Here, starting from a review of the current issues and challenges with innovation in the public sector, we look for links between both concepts by analyzing the current definitions, the predecessors, and the {\textquotedblleft}state of the art{\textquotedblright} in terms of empirical research. Based on these findings, we summarize a set of similarities and differences between both concepts and propose a model towards more collaboration, mutual exchange, and integration of practices between innovation labs, which can be regarded as initiators of innovation, and living labs, which can be regarded as executors of innovation. Thus, we add to the conceptual development of both concepts and propose a roadmap for the further integration of both the theory and practice of living labs and innovation labs.},
	keywords = {collaborative innovation, innovation labs, living labs, Open innovation, public sector, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1045},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1045},
	author = {Dimitri Schuurman and Piret T{\~o}nurist}
}
@article {1072,
	title = {Is There a Lean Future for Global Startups?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {6-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article integrates insights from the latest research on the lean startup entrepreneurial method, born-global firms, and global startups. It contributes to the clarification of terminology referring to the global aspects of startups, summarizes insights from previous literature focusing on global startups, and further substantiates the articulation of the need for considering the lean global startup as a new type of firm. The main message is that the lessons learned from the emergence of lean startup entrepreneurship offer a basis for promoting a similar lean phase in technology-based global startup research and practice. The analysis should benefit both researchers and practitioners in technology entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, and global innovation management. },
	keywords = {born global, global startup, international entrepreneurship, international new venture, lean global startup, lean startup, technology startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1072},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1072},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1083,
	title = {A University{\textendash}Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {38-49},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Two complementary problems are that busy practitioners find it difficult to access academic knowledge and university students lack practical experience. University{\textendash}industry collaborative education is a potential solution for both of these problems by bringing together theoretical insights from universities and experiential know-how from industry. However, university{\textendash}industry collaborative education has not been sufficiently studied to offer clear frameworks and mechanisms to foster effective knowledge exchanges between these two groups. In this article, we propose the metaphor of a {\textquotedblleft}trading zone{\textquotedblright} as a potential analytical framework for implementing this method of education. Applying this framework to the analysis of a university{\textendash}industry collaborative education program, this study proposes that the exchange of knowledge between students and practitioners is the essential learning experience and that it is made more meaningful by the heterogeneity between students and practitioners. The shared language provided by the program and those who deliver it make the exchanges efficient, and the temporary and extraordinary nature of the program accelerate those exchanges. Here, we analyze the case of Osaka University in Japan to illustrate the framework and develop associated propositions to encourage further study and validation of the framework.},
	keywords = {entrepreneurship education, experiential learning, technology commercialization, trading zone, university{\textendash}industry collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1083},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1083},
	author = {Koichi Nakagawa and Megumi Takata and Kosuke Kato and Terumasa Matsuyuki and Toshihiko Matsuhashi}
}
@article {1082,
	title = {Using Artificial Intelligence and Web Media Data to Evaluate the Growth Potential of Companies in Emerging Industry Sectors},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {25-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we describe our efforts to adapt and validate a web search and analytics tool {\textendash} the Gnowit Cognitive Insight Engine {\textendash} to evaluate the growth and competitive potential of new technology startups and existing firms in the newly emerging precision medicine sector. The results are based on two different search ontologies and two different samples of firms. The first sample includes established drug companies operating in the precision medicine field and was used to estimate the relationship between the firms{\textquoteright} innovativeness and the extent of online discussions focusing on their potential growth. The second sample includes new technology firms in the same sector. The firms in the second sample were used as test cases to determine whether their growth-related web search scores would relate to the degree of their innovativeness. The second part of the study applied the same methodology to the real-time monitoring of the firms{\textquoteright} competitive actions. In our findings, we see that our methodology reveals a moderate degree of correlation between the Insight Engine{\textquoteright}s algorithmically computed relevance scores and independent measures of innovation potential. The existence of such correlations invites future work in attempting to analyze company growth potential using techniques founded in web content scraping, natural language processing, and machine learning.},
	keywords = {analytics, artificial intelligence, business intelligence, entrepreneurship, online textual data, precision medicine sector, startup growth potential},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1082},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1082},
	author = {Andrew Droll and Shahzad Khan and Ehsanullah Ekhlas and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1017,
	title = {Developing Tacit Knowledge of Complex Systems: The Value of Early Empirical Inquiry in Healthcare Design},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	pages = {28-38},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Infection prevention and control has been the subject of much study in medical and epidemiological research and a variety of best practice guidelines have been developed to support healthcare workers and related stakeholders. Yet, despite the availability of information, managing healthcare-associated infections remains a challenge because the relevant explicit knowledge is not being adequately developed and mobilized as tacit knowledge for use "on the front lines". Some researchers have called for a human factors perspective to help address challenges in designing for infection prevention and  control, but relatively few studies have been conducted to date. Researchers also suggest that empirical inquiry is needed to better inform the design process, and particularly the design of complex systems where attention to detailed processes and interactions can support the success of an intervention. A human factors approach can help designers develop a deeper understanding of work processes, technology considerations, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, and organizational factors. The need is particularly pressing in low-resource healthcare environments where funds, time, and human resources may be scarce and strategic design decisions based on evidence are needed to support meaningful and effective changes. With this in mind, a human factors study was conducted in an existing neonatal intensive care unit to identify the influence of product and environment design on infection prevention and control and to inform recommendations for improvement. In this case study, we illustrate how the application of an empirical, methodical approach can help design professionals and stakeholders develop tacit knowledge of complex systems {\textendash} knowledge that can be used to better inform design priorities, the design process, decision making, and the allocation of resources to help maximize improvements.},
	keywords = {design research, ergonomics, healthcare design, human factors, infection prevention and control, knowledge mobilization, neonatal intensive care unit},
	issn = { 1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1017},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1017},
	author = {Chantal Trudel and Sue Cobb and Kathryn Momtahan and Janet Brintnell and Ann Mitchell}
}
@article {1037,
	title = {Editorial: Smart Cities and Regions (December 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {12/2016},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {collaborative innovation, ecosystems, living labs, online platforms, Open innovation, regional innovation, smart cities, smart regions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1037},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1037},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Taina Tukiainen and Seppo Leminen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {1040,
	title = {Integrating Open Innovation Platforms in Public Sector Decision Making: Empirical Results from Smart City Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {12/2016},
	pages = {38-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The purpose of this article is to increase knowledge of integrating an open innovation platform into public sector decision-making processes. Many of the distinctive characteristics of public sector decision-making processes pose a challenge for innovation collaboration with external actors. Often, external actors are not aware of these distinctive characteristics, or they find it very difficult to adapt to them. Particularly SMEs and startups find it difficult to adjust their operation to public sector decision-making processes. The existing literature includes very little knowledge of how such an innovation platform, which is an intermediary between a city and external actors, relates to the city{\textquoteright}s decision-making processes. Still, this is an important issue considering the prerequisites of the success of an innovation platform. This qualitative explorative study is based on data from in-depth interviews and co-creative multi-actor workshops with participants from city governments and other organizations. It proposes a model of open innovation platform for public sector decision making in a city. The article contributes to the literature dealing with innovation intermediaries as well as public sector decision making in enhancement of innovation. It identifies and introduces three different kinds of relationships that are present and partly interwoven in open innovation platforms and intermediary organizations: governing, sparring, and collaborative. The prosed model shows a practical way of organizing the three types of relationships of an innovation platform with the city{\textquoteright}s decision making and external actors. The model also helps in combining different decision-making cultures between the public, private, and third sectors in the context of collaborative innovation. },
	keywords = {collaborative innovation, innovation intermediary, open innovation platform, public decision making, smart city},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1040},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1040},
	author = {Jukka Ojasalo and Lassi T{\"a}htinen}
}
@article {987,
	title = {Open Innovation in Indian Organizations: Types of Collaboration},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {15-23},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In order to succeed, it is important for any organization to leverage the power of the known and unknown networks around it. The organization must collaborate with others, and to do so requires it to open up its boundaries  inside-out, outside-in, or both. However, the type of collaboration required to work with other parties and the respective output is different across different organizations on account of need, R\&D intensity, capability, and risk-taking ability, as well as the nature of the business and industry. The major problem that comes in the way of open innovation in Indian organizations is their risk taking ability; the more an organization collaborates, the more risk it is taking by sharing internal information with the other parties. Through a sample of 31 manufacturing-based firms in India belonging to 12 different industries, the article explores the types of collaborations that they have with various related or unrelated organizations as they engage in open innovation. The article compares the collaborations each industry has entered into to identify the industries that are more open to take risks by collaborating with other parties in multiple ways. },
	keywords = {collaboration, forms, India, manufacturing, Open innovation, risk, types},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/987},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/987},
	author = {Shiv S. Tripathi}
}
@article {997,
	title = {Outcomes from Applying Design-Led Innovation in an Australian Manufacturing Firm},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	pages = {49-58},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Design-led innovation has recently emerged as an approach that assists companies to develop new capabilities to respond to changing markets. Previous research has shown that the application of design-led innovation to manufacturing businesses contributed to innovation across their business model, often repositioning the business and its offerings in the market. This article presents findings from a study where the researcher was embedded in an Australian firm, working four days per week for 11 months and using action research to apply design-led innovation. Deep insights from stakeholders were translated with the company staff into new value propositions for the company. This research demonstrates the largely untapped potential of an experienced designer as an innovation catalyst to help firms develop customer-inspired innovation as they use design-led innovation to overcome barriers and recognize opportunities within a changing market context. This study contributes new knowledge regarding benefits of design-led innovation in dynamic environments.},
	keywords = {customer insights, design-led innovation, innovation catalyst, manufacturing},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/997},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/997},
	author = {Peter Townson and Judy Matthews and Cara Wrigley}
}
@article {1042,
	title = {Q\&A. How Can Online Platforms Contribute to Smarter and More Prosperous Regions in Europe?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {12/2016},
	pages = {61-66},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {digital economy, e-commerce, online marketplaces, online platforms, regional integration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1042},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1042},
	author = {Hanne Melin and Samuel Laurinkari and Taina Tukiainen}
}
@article {1027,
	title = {Q\&A. How Can You Teach Innovation and Entrepreneurship?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {10/2016},
	pages = {45-50},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {learning entrepreneurship, tacit knowledge, teaching innovation, university{\textendash}industry cooperation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1027},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1027},
	author = {Anna Trifilova and John Bessant and Allen Alexander}
}
@article {974,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Huge Memory and Collection-Oriented Programming: Less Code, More Speed?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	pages = {41-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {big data, collection-oriented programming, databases, huge persistent memory, memory, object-oriented programming, programming, queries, speed, very large databases},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/974},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/974},
	author = {Dave Thomas}
}
@article {933,
	title = {Cities as Collaborative Innovation Platforms},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {10/2015},
	pages = {16-23},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we focus on the role of a city as an orchestrator for innovation. We argue that cities should establish active dialogue with their citizens,  and private and public sectors actors to co-create, develop, test, and offer service innovations that utilize diverse sets of platforms such as living labs. Our research contributes to the discussions of open and user innovations from the perspective of cities as communities that involve and integrate citizens and companies to collaborative innovation activities. While acknowledging that cities are platforms for simultaneous and divergent innovation initiatives, we identify four principal types of collaborative innovation. Cities serve as platforms for: i) improving everyday life; ii) conducting consumer and citizen experiments; iii) experimenting and implementing new technologies and services; and iv) creating new innovations and economies. Finally, we offer guidelines for fostering collaborative innovation activities between the public and private sectors.},
	keywords = {collaborative innovation, creative citizen, industry, Living lab, Open innovation, smart city},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/933},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/933},
	author = {Taina Tukiainen and Seppo Leminen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {952,
	title = {Contextuality and Co-Creation Matter: A Qualitative Case Study Comparison of Living Lab Concepts in Urban Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {12/2015},
	pages = {48-55},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Innovation development is key to transforming a product-based economy into an innovative service economy by integrating users as co-creators in real-life environments. User co-creation and user involvement are key elements in living labs. Urban living labs add not only the urban component to the conceptual design, but also societal, political, and technological questions. Fields of analysis in urban research relate to socio-spatial environment, living together, and urban policies. The leading question of this article is: to what extent can urban living labs be used as an instrument to support these fields of investigation? Comparing three different approaches for urban living labs, ranging from socially-centred to more technology-centred, we offer a more nuanced understanding of urban living lab design in diverging research contexts. All three case studies manage to go beyond testing and improving new products, which is normally the aim of existing living labs, by embedding innovation in appropriate social, structural, and institutional frameworks, and targeting civil society involvement. The community benefits from this case study comparison because it contextualizes living labs as research methodology to be applied in future urban research projects. },
	keywords = {co-creation, innovation ecosystem, participation, social innovation, urban living labs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/952},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/952},
	author = {Yvonne Franz and Karin Tausz and Sarah-Kristin Thiel}
}
@article {931,
	title = {Editorial: Smart Cities and Regions (October 2015)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {10/2015},
	pages = {3-6},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {collaboration, ecosystems, innovation ecosystem, living laboratories, living labs, Open innovation, regional innovation, smart cities, smart regions, smart specialisation, smart specialization, sustainability, urban capabilities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/931},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/931},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Taina Tukiainen and Seppo Leminen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {868,
	title = {Editorial: Technology in Service Innovation (February 2015)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {02/2015},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {customer experience, electronic procurement, employee-driven innovation, knowledge-intensive business services, personal health systems, service innovation, system innovation, technology, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/868},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/868},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Stephen L. Vargo and Marja Toivonen and Risto Rajala}
}
@article {941,
	title = {The Emergence of the Lean Global Startup as a New Type of Firm},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {11/2015},
	pages = {12-19},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article contributes to the interplay between international entrepreneurship, innovation networks, and early internationalization research by emphasizing the need to conceptualize and introduce a new type of firm: the lean global startup. It discussed two different paths in linking the lean startup and born-global internationalization strategies. The first path refers to generic lean startups that have undertaken a rapid internationalization strategy (i.e., lean-to-global startups). The second path refers to startups that have started operating on global scale since their inception and adopted the lean startup approach by seamlessly synergizing their global and lean product development activities. The article emphasizes several aspects that could be used as part of the theoretical foundation for conceptualizing lean global startups as a special new type of firm: i) the emergent nature of their business models, including the challenges of partnership development on a global scale; ii) the inherently relational nature of the global resource allocation processes; iii) the integration of the entrepreneurial, effectuation, and global marketing perspectives; iv) the need to deal with a high degree of uncertainty, including the uncertainty associated with cross-border business operations; and v) linking the ex-ante characteristics of lean startups with the ex-post characteristics of born-global firms in order to develop a technology adoption marketing perspective that considers the {\textquotedblleft}crossing the chasm{\textquotedblright} process as a successful entry into a global market niche. },
	keywords = {born global firm, early internationalization, effectuation theory, hypothesis-driven entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, lean and global start-up, lean and global startup, lean startup, technology adoption lifecycle},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/941},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/941},
	author = {Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {948,
	title = {The Grey Areas Between Open and Closed in Innovation Networks},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {12/2015},
	pages = {6-18},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This study argues that there are different degrees of openness and closedness in innovation activity, and it highlights the need for more research on the "grey areas" between totally open and totally closed innovation, particularly in innovation networks where multiple stakeholders collaborate for innovation. Here, we focus on four key aspects of innovation networks, as characterized by their degrees of openness or closedness: governance, motivation, interaction, and innovation practices. The categorization is based on a review of theory and an empirical analysis of three distinct innovation networks, two of which represent the open living lab model, and one of which exemplifies the traditional closed innovation model. Our results can help managers improve efficiency in innovation networks by better understanding the grey areas between open and closed in innovation.},
	keywords = {closedness, innovation, innovation network, Living lab, Open innovation, openness},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/948},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/948},
	author = {Seppo Leminen and Taija Turunen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {863,
	title = {Securing the Car: How Intrusive Manufacturer-Supplier Approaches Can Reduce Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {01/2015},
	pages = {21-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Today{\textquoteright}s vehicles depend on numerous complex software systems, some of which have been developed by suppliers and must be integrated using "glue code" so that they may function together. However, this method of integration often introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities at the interfaces between electronic systems. In this article we address the {\textquotedblleft}glue code problem{\textquotedblright} by drawing insights from research on supplier-manufacturer outsourcing relationships in the automotive industry. The glue code problem can be framed as a knowledge coordination problem between manufactures and suppliers. Car manufacturers often employ different levels of intrusiveness in the design of car subsystems by their suppliers: the more control over the supplier the manufacturer exerts in the design of the subsystem, the more intrusive the manufacturer is. We argue that high intrusiveness by car manufacturers in defining module interfaces and subcomponents for suppliers would lead to more secure cars. },
	keywords = {automobile manufacturing, car design, control, cybersecurity, glue code, governance, intrusiveness, outsourcing, supplier, supplier-manufacturer relationships, vulnerabilities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/863},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/863},
	author = {Mohamed Amin and Zaid Tariq}
}
@article {906,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Three Collaborations Enabling Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {45-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {book launch, collaboration, cybersecurity, entrepreneurship, NSA, research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/906},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/906},
	author = {Deborah Frincke and Dan Craigen and Ned Nadima and Arthur Low and Michael Thomas}
}
@article {903,
	title = {A Value Blueprint Approach to Cybersecurity in Networked Medical Devices},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {17-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Cybersecurity for networked medical devices has been usually {\textquotedblleft}bolted on{\textquotedblright} by manufacturers at the end of the design cycle, rather than integrated as a key factor of the product development and value creation process. The recently released cybersecurity guidelines by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offer an opportunity for manufacturers to find a way of positioning cybersecurity as part of front-end design, value creation, and market differentiation. However, the technological architecture and the functionality of such devices require an ecosystem approach to the value creation process. Thus, the present article adopts an ecosystem approach to including cybersecurity as part of their value proposition. It extends the value blueprint approach suggested by Ron Adner to include an additional dimension that offers the opportunity to define: the potential locations of cybersecurity issues within the ecosystem, the specific nature of these issues, the players that should be responsible for addressing them, as well as a way to articulate the added cybersecurity value as a competitive differentiator to potential customers. The value of the additional blueprint dimension is demonstrated through a case study of a representative networked medical device {\textendash} a connected insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor. },
	keywords = {cybersecurity, ecosystem, market differentiation, networked medical devices, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/903},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/903},
	author = {George Tanev and Peyo Tzolov and Rollins Apiafi}
}
@article {826,
	title = {Conceptualizing Innovation in Born-Global Firms},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {5-10},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article summarizes the insights from a systematic study of the research literature focusing on the innovation aspects of born-global firms {\textendash} ventures that were launched to exploit a global niche from the earliest days of their operations. The authors provide a snapshot of opinions on the different aspects of innovation in the way they were conceptualized in the academic literature. The insights are based on a selection of 32 peer-reviewed journal articles addressing the different challenges associated with early internationalization and innovation in such ventures. The article emphasizes that the early internationalization of new ventures should be considered as an innovation process in itself and that innovation and internationalization have a positive effect on each other. In addition, it points out the role of knowledge acquisition and networking capabilities as key innovation enablers and refers to the emergence of the lean startup perspective on the innovation processes in born-global firms. The suggested insights will be relevant to researchers and practitioners interested in the relationship between early internationalization and innovation in international new ventures and lean global startups.},
	keywords = {born global, business model, early internationalization, Innovation management, lean startup approach},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/826},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/826},
	author = {Erik Zijdemans and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {855,
	title = {Disruptive Innovation vs Disruptive Technology: The Disruptive Potential of the Value Propositions of 3D Printing Technology Startups},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {12/2014},
	pages = {27-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article describes an empirical study focusing on the classification of existing business opportunities in the 3D printing technology sector. The authors address three research questions. First, how do technology startups integrate new 3D printing technologies into specific market offers? Second, which value propositions are most attractive in terms of interest from the public and investors? Third, how does the degree of disruptiveness of value propositions relate to the degree of interest from the public and investors? The most notable finding is the link between the business traction of 3D printing technology startups and the degree of disruptiveness of their value propositions. Thus, the article provides empirical support for the conceptualization of the degree of disruptiveness of the value proposition as a metric for the evaluation of the business potential of new technology startups. },
	keywords = {3D printing technology, additive manufacturing, disruptive innovation, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/855},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/855},
	author = {Finn Hahn and S{\o}ren Jensen and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {779,
	title = {Editorial: Service and Innovation (April 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {internationalization, knowledge-intensive business services, service business development, service innovation, service providers, social platforms, value chains, value creation, value-in-use, word-of-mouth communication},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/779},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/779},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Marja Toivonen and Risto Rajala and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {788,
	title = {Editorial: Service and Innovation (May 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {05/2014},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {collaboration, innovation indicators, innovation practices, intellectual property, knowledge-intensive business services, living labs, online gaming, service business development, service design, service innovation, service-dominant logic, trademarks, value chains, value creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/788},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/788},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Risto Rajala and Marja Toivonen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {784,
	title = {Finnish Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in China: Market Entry and Position in the Value Chain},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {43-52},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The internationalization of companies offering knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) plays an important role in the general process of globalization. As the largest emerging market, China is attractive for Western KIBS. This article presents a case study on Finnish KIBS in China. Three companies in "clean tech" engineering, eco-cities design, and 3D media solutions describe the challenges and promoting factors in entering the Chinese markets. The study also examines the various ways of positioning the firm in the value chain through the roles of an integrator, a concept developer, and a multi-stage actor. Our findings illustrate the new business opportunities provided by China in advanced service sectors focusing on sustainability issues and creative content. },
	keywords = {internationalization of services, KIBS, knowledge-intensive business services, Western companies in China},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/784},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/784},
	author = {Sen Bao and Marja Toivonen}
}
@article {763,
	title = {Generative Innovation Practices, Customer Creativity, and the Adoption of New Technology Products},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {02/2014},
	pages = {5-10},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {We offer a critical reflection on one of the key reasons for the startlingly low success rate of innovation initiatives worldwide {\textendash} the fact that the interactive environment surrounding the customer is a critical part of the adoption process; it can and should be designed in a way that enables customer creativity, and thus adoption. In this article, we embrace a definition of innovation as {\textquotedblleft}the adoption of a new practice by a community{\textquotedblright} where the innovator is the one who does not only sense and move into new opportunities but also mobilizes all the necessary resources needed by customers to adopt a new practice. The emphasis on adoption merges together innovation and entrepreneurship by shifting the focus from the inventor and the designer, through the entrepreneur, to the ultimate recipient of the innovative outcomes. Looking at customers as co-creators is critically important for technological product adoption; missing the chance to enable their creativity is equivalent to missing the opportunity of seeing them for who they really are. The result is a distorted vision that is ultimately rooted in the misconception of the dynamics of customer value. We particularly emphasize two points: i) the increasing degree of complexity of everyday technological products requires a higher degree of creativity by customers to adopt; and ii) customer creativity is not only a function of user-technology interaction, it is a function of the various actors in the interactive environment surrounding the customer such as other customers, other technologies, local distributors, customer/technical support providers, and competitors. },
	keywords = {co-creation, customer creativity, customer value, entrepreneurship, innovation, technology adoption},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/763},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/763},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Marianne Harbo Frederiksen}
}
@article {819,
	title = {The Role of Managers as Agents in Successful Service Innovations: Evidence from India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {18-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The article is based on a three-year study of 70 business executives belonging to 20 large organizations operating in India to identify the kind of interventions used by agents (managers) to make service innovations successful. For the purpose of analysis, the subject organizations were classified into highly successful, successful, and unsuccessful organizations on the basis of their growth rate, and their practices were analyzed to identify the role of agents in those processes or related decisions. The article also compares the practices followed by organizations based in India with global organizations operating in India to understand the contextual issues of service innovations.},
	keywords = {agents, entrepreneurship, global organizations, India, intrapreneurship, managers, service innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/819},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/819},
	author = {Shiv S. Tripathi}
}
@article {775,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Adventures in Innovation:  Inside the Rise and Fall of Nortel},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {03/2014},
	pages = {39-40},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Bell-Northern Research, BNR, company culture, industrial design, innovation, Nortel, Northern Telecom, user-centred design},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/775},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/775},
	author = {John F. Tyson}
}
@article {717,
	title = {On the Road to Holistic Decision Making in Adaptive Security},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {08/2013},
	pages = {59-64},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Security is a critical concern in today{\textquoteright}s software systems. Besides the interconnectivity and dynamic nature of network systems, the increasing complexity in modern software systems amplifies the complexity of IT security. This fact leaves attackers one step ahead in exploiting vulnerabilities and introducing new cyberattacks. The demand for new methodologies in addressing cybersecurity is emphasized by both private and national corporations. A practical solution to dynamically manage the high complexity of IT security is adaptive security, which facilitates analysis of the system{\textquoteright}s behaviour and hence the prevention of malicious attacks in complex systems. Systems that feature adaptive security detect and mitigate security threats at runtime with little or no administrator involvement. In these systems, decisions at runtime are balanced according to quality and performance goals. This article describes the necessity of holistic decision making in such systems and paves the road to future research.},
	keywords = {adaptive security, architecture, automation, cyberattacks, cybersecurity, game theory, holistic decision making, self-adaptive software, self-protecting software},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/717},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/717},
	author = {Mahsa Emami-Taba and Mehdi Amoui and Ladan Tahvildari}
}
@article {752,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Technology Adoption by Design: Insights for Entrepreneurs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {12/2013},
	pages = {39-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {activity theory, actor-network theory, co-creation, customer creativity, innovation, invention, technology adoption},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/752},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/752},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {734,
	title = {Using Boundary Management for More Effective Product Development},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	pages = {30-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Twenty years ago, most companies developed their own products in a single location and brought them to market themselves. Today, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are enlisting partners on a global scale as subsystem designers and producers in order to create and deliver new products into the market more rapidly and more frequently. This is especially true for large, complex products from the aerospace, telecommunications, electronics, and software industries. To assure the delivery of information across organizational boundaries, new coordination mechanisms need to be adopted (boundary management). In this article, best practices are described on how OEMs and partners self-organize and use agile, cooperative techniques to maintain daily communication among numerous internal and partner engineers to better coordinate product design and system integration. This article focuses on examples from the aerospace industry; however; these tactics can be applied in any organization to innovate at faster rates, to make delivery times more predictable, and to realize shorter product development timelines.},
	keywords = {boundary management, collaborative product development, outsourcing, partnering, product development, review-approve process},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/734},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/734},
	author = {John Thomson and Vince Thomson}
}
@article {563,
	title = {Collective Value Creation and Empowerment in an Online Brand Community: A Netnographic Study on LEGO Builders},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	pages = {12-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Online communities are becoming {\textquotedblleft}places{\textquotedblright} of belonging, information, and emotional support that people cannot do without. These social groups have a real existence for their participants, and thus have consequential effects on many aspects of behaviour. This article examines collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. It presents the main features of an online brand community, the process of value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities. These key factors jointly characterize collective value creation and empowerment. This netnographic study focuses on an online brand community called BrickBuilders, which is a meeting place for LEGO builders in Finland. BrickBuilders{\textquoteright} members feel a sense of belonging, they share similar motivations, and they create value together.},
	keywords = {netnography, online community, service brand, social media, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/563},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/563},
	author = {Hanna Kurikko and Pekka Tuominen}
}
@article {561,
	title = {Editorial: Global Business Creation (June 2012)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {global business creation, globalization, international business, startups, venture creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/561},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/561},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Marko Sepp{\"a} and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {532,
	title = {Global from the Start: The Characteristics of Born-Global Firms in the Technology Sector},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {03/2012},
	pages = {5-8},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article provides insights from recent research on firms that are "born global". A born-global firm is a venture launched to exploit a global niche from the first day of its operations. The insights in this article are relevant to technology entrepreneurs and top management teams of new technology firms. After discussing various definitions for the term "born global" and identifying the main characteristics of born-global firms, this article lists a few salient characteristics of firms that are born global in the technology sector. The article concludes by identifying opportunities for future research.},
	keywords = {born global, international business, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/532},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/532},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {605,
	title = {Living Labs for Cross-Border Systemic Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {25-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Innovation is increasingly taking place in cross-border collaborative networks, which are shaped by the characteristics of systemic innovation, the strategies and objectives of main actors, and the dynamics of the innovation process. Participation in such networks is of high importance for small firms, but requires long-term investments and a diverse range of collaboration and innovation capabilities. This article explores how living labs, understood as innovation projects based on open and user-centric innovation methodologies, can form collaboration networks to support small firms and other actors to engage in cross-border collaboration and to accelerate the development and acceptance of innovations. Based on the lessons learned from a major living lab project, APOLLON, we conclude that adopting the living labs networking approach requires thorough understanding of each party{\textquoteright}s objectives and drivers, the alignment of operational processes, establishment of open and collaborative culture, as well as competences, methods, and tools for supporting cooperation and community building. },
	keywords = {collaboration, innovation, living labs, networks, systemic},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/605},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/605},
	author = {Hans Schaffers and Petra Turkama}
}
@article {558,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series: Next-Generation Technology Challenges and Business Opportunities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {05/2012},
	pages = {35-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business opportunities, future of technology, next-generation technology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/558},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/558},
	author = {Dave Thomas}
}
@article {422,
	title = {Editorial: Co-Creation (March 2011)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Co-Creation. The articles invited for publication in this special issue of the OSBR were originally presented last September at EBRF 2010, in Nokia, Finland. EBRF - the research forum to understand business in the knowledge society - is the oldest international peer-reviewed business research conference organized annually in Finland. The first EBRF conference was organized in Tampere, Finland in 2001. The grand theme of the 10th anniversary EBRF conference was "Co-Creation as a Way Forward".

For this issue of the OSBR, a preliminary subset of EBRF articles were selected by a specifically designed committee of scholars that was asked to nominate EBRF articles fitting the topic of the special issue and providing valuable insights to both scholars and practitioners. We invited the authors to create specialized versions of the papers that were previously published in the EBRF 2010 Conference Proceedings by focusing on the practical relevance of their research for an audience including not only scholars but also business and technology experts. After the submission of the OSBR versions, an additional peer review process was used to select seven articles offering diverse perspectives on co-creation.  
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/422},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Marko Sepp{\"a} and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {423,
	title = {The Future of Co-Creation},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to provide a brief summary of the key directions in value co-creation research that have emerged in the last 10 years. It points to several emerging streams in value co-creation research including: i) general management perspective; ii) new product development and innovation; iii) virtual customer environments; iv) service science and service-dominant logic (SDL) of marketing; and v) international markets and entrepreneurship, with a focus on the general management and innovation perspectives. In addition, the article points to another emerging new direction focusing on business co-creation. The development of business co-creation frameworks integrating the participatory role of both universities and vibrantly emerging business ecosystems represents a valuable alternative to traditional technology transfer and business administration approaches.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/423},
	author = {Marko Sepp{\"a} and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {496,
	title = {Innovation Policy Development and the Emergence of New Innovation Paradigms},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {11/2011},
	pages = {14-19},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of the present article is to discuss innovation policy issues related to three emerging innovation paradigms: user-driven innovation, open innovation, and value co-creation. It provides a summary of insights based on innovation policy practices and challenges in Denmark. The choice of Danish innovation policy practices is not accidental. In 2008 Denmark implemented 40 different national innovation programs by allocating about 400 million euros. Since the three emerging paradigms have become globally relevant, the discussion of Danish policy development challenges and practices is expected to be insightful for innovation experts from other developed countries that are currently dealing with the adoption of these paradigms. },
	keywords = {innovation, Open innovation, policy, user-driven innovation, value co-creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/496},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/496},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Mette Pr{\ae}st Knudsen and Tanja Bisgaard and Merethe Stjerne Thomsen}
}
@article {487,
	title = {Letters to the Editor},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {5-6},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/487},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/487},
	author = {Roseann O{\textquoteright}Reilly Runte and Rafik Goubran and Jerry Tomberlin}
}
@article {323,
	title = {Building Canada{\textquoteright}s Culture of Entrepreneurship: Sure-bet to Startup Survival},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {02/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article aims to debunk common perceptions around why Canada seems to be failing in its ability to create successful startups. A robust startup sector will only be made possible if Canada invests in and nurtures a culture of entrepreneurship.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/323},
	author = {Lisa Torjman and Jon Worren}
}
@article {404,
	title = {The Humanitarian FOSS Project},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {12/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (Humanitarian FOSS) Project is primarily an educational project whose goal is to engage more undergraduates in building free and open source software (FOSS) that benefits their community. Over the past four years, increasing numbers of undergraduates and computer science programs have been inspired by the Humanitarian FOSS project to make significant contributions to several active open source software development projects that have benefited organizations such as the Portland, Maine Ronald McDonald House, and the New York City Salvation Army. This article provides examples of several Humanitarian FOSS projects and describes other initiatives aimed at promoting undergraduate education about FOSS and its application within the community.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/404},
	author = {Ralph Morelli and Allen Tucker and Trishan R. de Lanerolle}
}
@article {301,
	title = {Components of Co-creation},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {11/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Value co-creation is an emerging innovation, marketing and business paradigm describing how customers and users are seen as active participants in the design of personalized products, services and experiences. Often this participation is organised via the Internet to enable the opportunity for customers to integrate their knowledge, experience and skills into existing, modified or entirely new market offerings reflecting their personal preferences, needs and contexts. There is a growing body of literature dedicated to the discussion of value co-creation frameworks, mechanisms and processes. However, these typically focus on the study, discussion and analysis of a small number of cases using deep, ethnographic description of their practices aiming at conceptualization and categorization of the different types of interactions between end users, the firm and the value network. Although useful, such an approach misses the advantages of an empirically driven quantitative approach that benefits from larger size samples and is more appropriate for theory building through the development and testing of hypotheses. It is important, therefore, to seek the development of a research methodology that combines the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches for studying the nature of value co-creation.

The article provides a first attempt to identify the main research steps of such a methodology. It provides some preliminary results on the key components of value co-creation between firms and end customers based on the application of web search and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques. The analysis of these preliminary results is then used as an opportunity to identify a number of research questions to be addressed in future research. The emerging research questions follow the inner logic of the value co-creation phenomenon as well as the nature of the results reported in this article. The specific nature of the results was found to be suitable for the application of small-N techniques such as the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) technique which combines the advantages of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. One of the main contributions of this article is to suggest and explore the possibility for using the QCA technique in future research on value co-creation.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/301},
	author = {Stephen Allen and Tony Bailetti and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {306,
	title = {Editorial: Value Co-Creation (December 2009)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {12/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The December issue of the  OSBR continues our discussion on the topic of value co-creation. According to Prahalad and Krishnan, most of the succesful companies in 2015 will be using value co-creation practices and companies that do not make the efforts to adopt such practices will soon lack a serious competitive advantage. Business models based on value co-creation are not simply adopting a new possible way of doing business. Value co-creation business models follow the way society goes and missing this tendency might be critical for businesses. The key danger is to try seeing value co-creation within the context of our old thinking. This is an easy human mistake that could lead to the wrong questions to answer. In exploring value co-creation, we have not discussed all the possible answers, but have set a stage for finding the right questions.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/306},
	author = {Dru Lavigne and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {299,
	title = {Editorial: Value Co-Creation (November 2009)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {11/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The relationship between companies that produce and distribute goods and the consumers who purchase and use those goods is often portrayed as "us vs. them". While technology provides the tools needed for communication and collaboration, company-consumer collaboration is often met with skepticism. Is it possible for companies and the users of their products to form mutually beneficial relationships that create value? The concept of value co-creation attempts to answer that question and it is the editorial theme of the November and December issues of the OSBR.

Co-creation: New pathways to value reminds us that "It is...the quality of the relationship that companies form with and facilitate among their customers, which will determine how knowledge is created, shared and transferred". The authors in this issue introduce us to who is involved in these relationships, their motivations, and techniques.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/299},
	author = {Dru Lavigne and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {228,
	title = {How Companies Make Money Through Involvement in Open Source Hardware Projects},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {02/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The study of open source software (OSS) development and business strategies has become the subject of significant research interest. However, there is little research on business models associated with the development of open source assets other than software such as hardware or content. This article provides an overview of current business models for creating revenue for both open source software and hardware. It then summarizes our research of market offers to identify the ways companies use open source hardware (OSH) projects to make money. The research results provide insights about the dimensions of open source business models in an area other than typical software development.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/228},
	author = {Edy Ferreira and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {272,
	title = {A Model for Sustainable Student Involvement in Community Open Source},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {07/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A healthy community is the lifeblood of any open source project. Many open source contributors first get involved while they are students, but this is almost always on their own time. At Seneca College we have developed an approach to sustainably involving students in open source communities that has proven successful in a course setting.

This paper outlines Seneca{\textquoteright}s approach and discusses the results that have been obtained with it. We will examine the key factors for successful student integration into open source communities and steps that educational institutions and open source projects can each take to improve student involvement. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/272},
	author = {Chris Tyler}
}
@article {246,
	title = {Torys Technology Law Speaker Series: Open Source Licenses and the Boundaries of Knowledge Production},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {04/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law is Canada{\textquoteright}s premiere legal program in law and technology. The Torys Technology Law Speaker Series  brings prominent speakers from around the world to discuss current topics in law and technology.

A new approach to open source software was presented to students and faculty at the University of Ottawa on March 11, 2009. Michael Madison, Associate Dean for Research and Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, presented "Open Source Licenses and the Boundaries of Knowledge Production". Prof. Madison spent time outlining and answering questions on a novel interpretation of copyright in the age of OSS. Using historical examples, he called for the courts to incorporate a spatial framework to deal with open source licenses. His approach was particularly relevant and timely in light of a recent opinion from the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Jacobsen v. Katzer. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/246},
	author = {Byron Thom}
}
@article {309,
	title = {Value Co-creation as Part of an Integrative Vision of Innovation Management},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {12/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Value co-creation is an emerging concept in business, marketing and innovation management. Its growing interest points to the emergence of a new semantic wave in innovation research that requires the adoption of new terminology, frameworks and fields of research exploration. There is a number of existing research streams that provide a solid starting point in the discussion of different perspectives on co-creation. One key research aspect that needs to be further addressed is the potential benefits from the adoption of value co-creation practices and strategies.

This article shares insights from an attempt to position the value co-creation paradigm within an integrative vision for innovation management research and practices. This positioning is a challenging task as the meaning of the terms "value co-creation" and "integrative" innovation management need to be more fully clarified. We attempt to identify an appropriate plane of conceptual integrity that could be used to describe the innovation management field within the context of its relation to value co-creation.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/309},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Mette Knudsen and Wolfgang Gerstlberger}
}
@article {202,
	title = {Editorial: Health and Life Sciences (November 2008)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {11/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The length of Wikipedia{\textquoteright}s list of open source healthcare software  may come as a surprise to many readers. This issue of the OSBR provides an excellent introduction to the complexities and interoperability issues associated with healthcare software and the role open source can play in helping to resolve these issues. This month{\textquoteright}s authors also provide insight into an open source projects that follows open standards, lessons learned from providing a reference implementation, the benefits of a healthcare ecosystem, and the value of open source projects working closely with standards organizations.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/202},
	author = {Dru Lavigne and Brian Barry and Peter Tanner}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Free and Open Source Licenses in Community Life},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to examine how software licenses in build and shape political and technological boundaries.

We examine the cases of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System( GRASS) geographical information system and the OpenSolaris operating system. The first project is GPL licensed software developed by a worldwide community of voluntary programmers; the second project is sponsored by a company and released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) license.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/193},
	author = {Stefano De Paoli and Maurizio Teli and Vincenzo D{\textquoteright}Andrea}
}
@article {115,
	title = {Open Standards vs. Open Source: a Case of the OpenAccess Standard},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {01/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article we provide some insights into the relationship between non-code based open assets, open development processes, and open standards. The insights are based on a case study of the OpenAccess Project of the Silicon Integration Initiative. The unique relationship between the OA standard{\textquoteright}s openness, evolution and adoption is an example of how open processes could be used to enable design tool interoperability, innovation, and cooperation.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/115},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Amy Xu and Jim Wilmore}
}
@article {159,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series: Trends in Technology Marketing},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {On May 23, 2008, Stoyan Tanev from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Trends in Technology Marketing". This section provides the key messages from Dr. Tanev{\textquoteright}s lecture. Tanev{\textquoteright}s lecture discussed current trends in technology innovation and marketing by focusing on the evolution of traditional marketing concepts.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/159},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
