@article {1261,
	title = {Conceptualizing a New Domain Using Topic Modeling and Concept Mapping: A Case Study of Managed Security Services for Small Businesses},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {08/2019},
	pages = {55-64},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this paper is to show how topic modeling and concept mapping can be used to conduct a literature review in a new  domain. The paper makes two contributions. First, it uses topic modeling to map out the literature in the new domain. Topic modeling provides an alternative to manual clustering of articles and allows the identification of non-obvious connections between ideas expressed in a collection of articles. Second, it identifies the underlying concepts in the new domain and their relationships by creating a concept map from the extracted topics . As a case study, the paper reviews the recent literature in the intersection of managed security services and small businesses. In particular, it identifies elements of the managed security services concept as it applies to small businesses. The audience of the paper includes anyone who is exploring a new  domain by reviewing the literature, and in particular, students, researchers, and members of industrial R\&D projects.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1261},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1261},
	author = {Michael Weiss and Steven Muegge}
}
@article {1068,
	title = {Combining Exploratory Analysis and Automated Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Real-Time Data Streams},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	pages = {25-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Security analysts can become overwhelmed with monitoring real-time security information that is important to help them defend their network. They also tend to focus on a limited portion of the alerts, and therefore risk missing important events and links between them. At the heart of the problem is the system that analysts use to detect, explore, and respond to cyber-attacks. Developers of security analysis systems face the challenge of developing a system that can present different sources of information at multiple levels of abstraction, while also creating a system that is intuitive to use. In this article, we examine the complementary nature of exploratory analysis and automated analysis by testing the development of a system that monitors real-time Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) traffic for anomalies that might indicate security threats. BGP is an essential component for supporting the infrastructure of the Internet; however, it is also highly vulnerable and can be hijacked by attackers to propagate spam or launch denial-of-service attacks. Some of the attack scenarios on the BGP infrastructure can be quite elaborate, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to fully automate the detection of such attacks. This article makes two contributions: i) it describes a prototype platform for computing indicators and threat alerts in real time and for visualizing the context of an alert, and ii) it discusses the interaction of exploratory analysis (visualization) and automated analysis. This article is relevant to students, security researchers, and developers who are interested in the development or use of real-time security monitoring systems. They will gain insights into the complementary aspects of automated analysis and exploratory analysis through the development of a real-time streaming system.},
	keywords = {anomaly detection, cybersecurity, exploratory analysis, real-time data streams, visualization},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1068},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1068},
	author = {Ahmed Shah and Ibrahim Abualhaol and Mahmoud Gad and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {1065,
	title = {Editorial: Cybersecurity (April 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {anomaly detection, automation, big data, cybersecurity, exploration, Hypponen{\textquoteright}s law, Internet of Things, IOT, legislation, medical devices, privacy, real time, risk assessment, security engineering, smart devices, value proposition, vulnerabilities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1065},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1065},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {963,
	title = {Crowdsourcing Literature Reviews in New Domains},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {02/2016},
	pages = {5-14},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Conducting a literature review in new domains presents unique challenges. The literature in a new domain is typically broad, fragmented, and growing quickly. Because little is known about the new domain, the literature review cannot be guided by established classifications of knowledge, unlike in an existing domain. Rather, it will be driven by evidence that challenges and extends existing knowledge. In a way, exploring a new domain means looking for anomalies in the evidence that cannot be explained by what is already known. This article summarizes lessons from conducting two literature reviews in new domains in the area of cybersecurity. It then presents a design for using leader-driven crowdsourcing to collect evidence and synthesize it into insights in a new domain. The article will be relevant to those who are exploring a new domain, in particular students, researchers, and members of R\&D projects in industry.},
	keywords = {co-creation, crowdsourcing, crowdsourcing platform, cybersecurity, literature review, narrative, new domains, systematic},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/963},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/963},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {759,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} The Business of Open Source},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {28-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {architecture, business models, community, engagement, entrepreneurship, licensing, open source software, patterns},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/759},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/759},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {681,
	title = {Editorial: Technology Evolution (May 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business ecosystems, industrial instrumentation and control, innovation, Innovation management, mashups, R\&D, technological change, technology evolution, web applications},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/681},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/681},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {647,
	title = {Going Open: Does it Mean Giving Away Control?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {27-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source software has evolved from being an effort driven by a collective of volunteers to become an integral part of commercial software. Constant demands for new features besides maintaining product quality made companies seek open source as an answer for these demands. These growing demands brought with them control of quality, architecture, contribution management, and community management. 

This article explores the governance strategies adopted by open source software projects to manage the quality of complements (such as plug-ins that extend a platform{\textquoteright}s functionality) developed by community members outside the core team. The outcomes of the research contribute to our understanding of the strategies followed by different open source platform owners (the open source project initiators) to manage external innovation in the case of platform extensions in two areas: i) governance models and ii) regulatory tools. },
	keywords = {and collaboration, governance, Open innovation, open source, platforms, regulatory tools},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/647},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/647},
	author = {Nadia Noori and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {683,
	title = {Niche Formation in the Mashup Ecosystem},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	pages = {13-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Mashups enable end-users to "mix and match" data and services available on the web to create applications. Their creation is supported by a complex ecosystem of i) data providers who offer open APIs to users, ii) users who combine APIs into mashups, and iii) platforms, such as the ProgrammableWeb or Mashape, that facilitate the construction and publication of mashups. In this article, we argue that the evolution of the mashup ecosystem can be explained in terms of ecosystem niches anchored around hub or keystone APIs. The members of a niche are focused on an area of specialization (e.g., mapping applications) and contribute their knowledge to the value proposition of the ecosystem as a whole. To demonstrate the formation of niches in the mashup ecosystem, we model groups of related mashups as species, and we reconstruct the evolution of mashup species through phylogenetic analysis.  },
	keywords = {ecosystems, evolution, growth, keystones, mashups, niche formation, recombinant innovation, speciation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/683},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/683},
	author = {Michael Weiss and Solange Sari and Nadia Noori}
}
@article {557,
	title = {An Overview of Four Issues on Technology Entrepreneurship in the TIM Review},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {05/2012},
	pages = {28-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The field of technology entrepreneurship is in its infancy when compared to other fields such as economics and management. Articles on technology entrepreneurship have been published in at least 62 journals, of which only 18 contribute to technology innovation management or entrepreneurship. Less than a handful of these 62 journals are considered to be "good" journals and none can claim a leadership position in technology entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the 20 journal articles published in the February, March, April, and May 2012 issues of the Technology Innovation Management Review (TIM Review).},
	keywords = {creative destruction, global entrepreneurship, journal articles, social entrepreneurship, technology entrepreneurship, theory},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/557},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/557},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Sonia D. Bot and Tom Duxbury and David Hudson and Chris McPhee and Steven Muegge and Michael Weiss and Jonathan Wells and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {546,
	title = {User Frustrations as Opportunities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {04/2012},
	pages = {17-20},
	abstract = {User frustrations are an excellent source of new product ideas. Starting with this observation, this article describes an approach that entrepreneurs can use to discover business opportunities. Opportunity discovery starts with a problem that the user has, but may not be able to articulate. User-centered design techniques can help elicit those latent needs. The entrepreneur should then try to understand how users are solving their problem today, before proposing a solution that draws on the unique skills and technical capabilities available to the entrepreneur. Finally, an in-depth understanding of the user allows the entrepreneur to hone in on the points of difference and resonance that are the foundation of a strong customer value proposition.},
	keywords = {entrepreneurship, opportunity development, user feedback, user frustrations, value propositions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/546},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/546},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {436,
	title = {Control and Diversity in Company-led Open Source Projects},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {04/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A majority of open source development today is carried out by companies. Building on open source allows companies to focus their development effort on the points of difference over their competitors. This article discusses the recent trend towards collectives of companies that develop shared assets in the form of open source projects, and creates a model for company-led open source projects around two dimensions: the level of control over the project and the diversity of applications derived from the project. The article then explores how the model can be interpreted from a product line engineering perspective.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/436},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {488,
	title = {Economics of Software Product Development Collectives},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {13-18},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Where software product development occurs is shifting from single companies to groups or collectives of companies. In this article, we retrace the evolution of how software product development is organized and then offer insights into the economic motivation for collectives, which will be relevant to companies considering joining a software product development collective. Building on the literature on software product line economics, we identify three factors affecting the economics of collectives (level of contribution, number of members, and diversity of use), and develop a model that links those factors to three economic outcomes (time, quality, and cost). This model can be used by potential members when deciding whether or not to join a collective.},
	keywords = {collectives, eclipse, ecosystem, product line, software development},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/488},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/488},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {407,
	title = {Editorial: The Business of Open Source (January 2011)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {01/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {An open source business is a business centered around an open source offer. Companies can engage with open source projects in different ways: they can release code as open source and hope to increase the adoption of their solution; they can contribute to community-initiated open source projects and leverage the solutions the community develops; they can offer complementary services and products that add value to an open source product; and they can reduce the cost and risk of product development by pooling their non-core efforts with other companies.

This issue contains six articles. The first two articles discuss cost reduction through open source, and best practices for multi-vendor open source communities. The remaining articles were contributed by graduate students in a class on Open Source Business in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa (http://www.carleton.ca/tim). This course explored why companies participate in open source projects, how companies manage communities around their open source offers, and how companies make money from the open source projects they initiated or contribute to. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/407},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {376,
	title = {Keystone: Adjective or Noun?},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {09/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The gopher tortoise is an unassuming land animal that inhabits sandy regions of the southeastern United States. Like many other desert inhabitants it needs to seek shelter from the heat of the sun. Gopher tortoises are very adept at digging burrows in which they can hide during the peak hours of the day. These burrows offer shelter to many other species that are not able to dig underground. Without the burrows dug by tortoises many types of rodents and snakes would not be able to survive. The existence of the gopher tortoise in its ecosystem affects the health of many other species.

The gopher tortoise is an example of a keystone species or keystone. As in biological ecosystems, some companies or institutions in business ecosystems are instrumental for the better well-being of others. They play the role of a keystone. In this article, we examine the question of what makes a keystone a keystone. We introduce two perspectives on that question: one provided by ecology, the other by network analysis. We then review how the term keystone is used by the literature on business ecosystems.

Two lessons that readers should take from this article are that the keystone concept, as used by the majority of the business ecosystem literature, is not clearly articulated, and that there are many unresolved issues in applying the concept to business ecosystems.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/376},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {240,
	title = {Editorial: Open APIs (April 2009)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {04/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = { A few short years ago, the term "Internet" reflected the technical savvy sitting at a workstation reading email or using a search engine to find data. Today, people of all ages are using all manner of devices to: obtain public transit directions with Google Maps, share photos using Flickr and videos using YouTube, Tweet their whereabouts, meet new friends through Facebook, and perform countless other activities which have quickly become ubiquitous to every day life.

This new generation of online activities is the result of open APIs, mashups, and rich Internet applications. These concepts are the focus of the April issue of the OSBR. The authors have done an excellent job of taking the editorial theme of "Open APIs" from the mysterious realm of programming into their applicability to daily life and business.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/240},
	author = {Dru Lavigne and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {242,
	title = {Mapping Mashup Ecosystems},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {04/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Mashups enable, users to "mix and match" data and user interface elements from different online information sources to create new applications. The creation of mashups is supported by a complex ecosystem of interconnected data providers, mashup platforms, and users. In our recent research, we examined the structure of the mashup ecosystem and its growth over time. The main contribution of our research is a method for the analysis of mashup ecosystems. Its novelty lies in the development of techniques for mapping the mashup ecosystem, and the use of network analysis to obtain key characteristics of the ecosystem and identify significant ecosystem members and their relationships. In this paper, we summarize the key steps of our analysis method, describe the members of the mashup ecosystem, and discuss the managerial implications of our analysis. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/242},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {191,
	title = {Editorial: Building Community (October 2008)},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Editorial},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = { 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/191},
	author = {Dru Lavigne and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {168,
	title = {TIM Series: Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {07/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {On June 11, 2008, Michael Weiss from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation". This section provides the key messages from the lecture. Michael{\textquoteright}s lecture examined the structure of the mashup ecosystem as well as implementation issues, including licensing. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/168},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {105,
	title = {An Introduction to Rights Expression Languages},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {12/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to: i) extend the discussion of licensing to non-software assets and ii) provide an introduction to rights expression languages (RELs). Licensing is not limited to software. We can associate a license with any kind of asset that holds intellectual value, and can thus be turned into a source of revenue. Here, our interest is on information assets, which include software and software components, but also services, processes, and content. For instance, a song that a user downloads from iTunes is an information asset. So is a web service such as the Google Maps API (application programming interface).},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/105},
	author = {G.R. Gangadharan and Michael Weiss}
}
