@article {1041,
	title = {Collaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {12/2016},
	pages = {49-60},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Despite the rapid increase of public{\textendash}private{\textendash}people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors.},
	keywords = {collaboration, collaborative innovation, innovation intermediaries, innovation platform, PPPP, public innovation, public{\textendash}private{\textendash}people partnership, smart city, urban development},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1041},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1041},
	author = {Jukka Ojasalo and Heini Kauppinen}
}
@article {960,
	title = {The Evolution of Intermediary Activities: Broadening the Concept of Facilitation in Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {01/2016},
	pages = {45-58},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Innovation intermediaries play an important role in open innovation endeavours. In living lab projects, where different professional identities and organizational cultures are at play, intermediary actors facilitate learning between stakeholders and manage tensions and conflicts of interest. The current living lab literature recognizes the importance and multifacetedness of these actors, but does not shed light on the work they do at a more practical level. Our study seeks to capture the variety and evolution of work tasks of user-side innovation intermediaries during and after a four-year technology project in a living lab. The study explores how these mediating actors tackle the everyday challenges of a living lab project. This article is grounded on a longitudinal qualitative case study of a innovation process for a floor monitoring system for elderly care {\textendash} the "smart floor". },
	keywords = {co-design, elderly care, facilitation, health technology, innovation intermediaries, Living lab},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/960},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/960},
	author = {Louna Hakkarainen and Sampsa Hyysalo}
}
