@article {877, title = {The City as Living Laboratory: Empowering Citizens with the Citadel Toolkit}, journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review}, volume = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {03/2015}, pages = {6-17}, publisher = {Talent First Network}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Lately, the concept of smart cities has been changing from a top-down and mostly technological-driven approach, towards a bottom-up process that facilitates participation and collaboration among city stakeholders. In this latter respect, the city is an ecosystem in which smart applications, open government data, and new modes of participation are fostering innovation. However, detailed analyses on how to manage bottom-up smart city initiatives, as well as descriptions of underlying challenges and barriers, are still scarce. Therefore, this article investigates four collaborative smart city initiatives in Europe to learn how cities can optimize citizen involvement in the context of public sector innovation. The analytical framework focuses on the different stakeholder roles in the ecosystem and the civic capacities to participate in the innovation process. The findings illustrate how more inclusive citizen involvement can be realized by providing different tools that align with the specific capacities and skills of the citizens. Furthermore, through specified workshop formats and peer learning, citizens lacking technical skills were also enabled to participate in the evolution of their cities, and to generate solutions from which both the city and everyday urban life can possibly benefit. }, keywords = {citizen involvement, Living lab, open government data, smart city, toolkit}, issn = {1927-0321}, doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/877}, url = {http://timreview.ca/article/877}, author = {Carina Veeckman and Shenja van der Graaf} } @article {748, title = {Linking Living Lab Characteristics and Their Outcomes: Towards a Conceptual Framework}, journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review}, volume = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {12/2013}, pages = {6-15}, publisher = {Talent First Network}, address = {Ottawa}, abstract = {Despite almost a decade of living lab activity all over Europe, there still is a lack of empirical research into the practical implementation and the related outcomes of living labs. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to create a better understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of living labs. We investigate three living labs in Belgium and one in Finland to learn how the different building blocks of living lab environments contribute to the outputs of innovation projects launched within the lab. The findings imply that managers and researchers contemplating innovation in living labs need to consider the intended inputs and outcomes, and reframe their innovation activities accordingly. We formulate practical guidelines on how living labs should be managed on the levels of community interaction, stakeholder engagement, and methodological setup to succeed in implementing living lab projects and to create user-centred innovations. That way, living lab practitioners can work towards a more sustainable way of setting up living labs that can run innovation projects over a longer period of time. }, keywords = {co-creation, innovation ecosystem, Living lab, Open innovation, user involvement}, issn = {1927-0321}, doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/748}, url = {http://timreview.ca/article/748}, author = {Carina Veeckman and Dimitri Schuurman and Seppo Leminen and Mika Westerlund} }