02108nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260004200218300001000260490000700270520146200277653001001739653001701749653002101766653001501787653001701802100002001819700002101839856003001860       2020                        eng d  a1927-032100aEnabling Rapid Product Development through Improved Verification and Validation Processes0 aEnabling Rapid Product Development through Improved Verification  aOttawabTalent First Networkc03/2020  a25-360 v103 aFierce competition in consumer electronics market has raised a lot of challenges for product development. Products now must enter to the market as fast as possible. The verification and validation (V&V) process is normally the most resource-demanding activity in product development (PD), and thus also has huge potential for improvement. The V&V process is traditionally executed near the end of the development process, and is one of the most critical activities because it identifies design errors. Error correction for a nearly complete product is often difficult and therefore can cause unexpected delays in product delivery. Performing V&V activities in early phases of the PD process and utilising V&V methods other than testing has proven to be a good approach to reduce risks associated with taking a long time to reach the market. However, V&V can only be carried out when verifiable requirements exist. This paper focuses on the importance of moving V&V activities to each phase of PD by defining the requirements for components and modules. In addition, we explore how some of product-level requirements can be verified before a product has been integrated, and explain the difference between definitions of verification and validation requirements. Finally, we present the idea of changing the focus of verification activities from being set-based in the early phase of development, to being point-based when the product is close to completion.10aagile10arequirements10aset-based design10avalidation10aVerification1 aPerttula, Antti1 aKukkamäki, Joni  utimreview.ca/article/133402066nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260004200216300001000258490000600268520146300274653001601737100001801753700002101771700002201792700002001814856003801834       2019                        eng d  a1927-032100aOpen Data and Open Source Enabling Smart City Development: A Case Study in Häme Region0 aOpen Data and Open Source Enabling Smart City Development A Case  aOttawabTalent First Networkc09/2019  a26-350 v93 aOpen data offers possibilities to accelerate both innovations and co-creation activities in cities and regions. Likewise, open source software development is an efficient way to create new services. Open data can be used to promote better information sharing and offers various opportunities for third-party developers. Co-creation improves the commitment of different stakeholders and ensures that the created solutions are based on real needs. For these reasons, it is only logical that these two themes are linked together in smart city activities. This paper presents a practical open data and co-creation development made in the region of Häme, Finland. This paper contributes to smart cities research by describing the development of two smart city services: the Tavastia Events API and "Hämeenlinna in pocket" smartphone application. It describes strategies that facilitate beneficial participation and collaboration in smart city open data initiatives. Based on Linked Events, an open source solution developed for the city of Helsinki, modification and implementation were made to create a centralized and open service, to collect and publish event-related data via an application programming interface (API) in the Häme region. A smartphone application was then developed, making use of the developed Events API and other data sources, to provide citizens with the most common digital services, and a platform for digital participation in Häme.10aSmart city,1 aJussila, Jari1 aKukkamäki, Joni1 aMäntyneva, Mikko1 aHeinisuo, Juuso  uhttps://timreview.ca/article/1266