02826nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260004200209300001000251490000600261520189600267653002302163653002102186653002302207653001602230653001402246653002202260653002902282653002702311653001702338653001902355100001802374700001802392700001802410700002202428700002502450856003702475       2016                        eng d  a1927-032100aThe Cuckoo’s Nest Approach for Co-Creating Business Ecosystems in Smart Cities0 aCuckoo s Nest Approach for CoCreating Business Ecosystems in Sma  aOttawabTalent First Networkc12/2016  a26-370 v63 aThe development of business ecosystems in smart cities is currently hampered by the absence of established approaches for facilitating long-term value and sustainability. In our view, the underlying reason is the lack of collective action involving various organizations in the design process. Collective action for the good of the whole ecosystem does not take place in existing participatory practices because of the dominating role of a single customer or designer organization (in urban development projects typically the owner-developer or lead architect), who uses their bargaining and decision-making power over others. This leads to sub-optimal behaviour where the system is optimized for the goals of one strong organization instead of collectively developed system-level goals of the business ecosystem as a whole. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach addresses this problem by inviting various expert organizations to design the system and assigning each organization design rights for the ecosystem and its system-level goal. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach enhances collective action among the organizations by making individuals from various organizations consider the interests, goals, objectives, and value-adding elements of other organizations – not just those of their own organizations. With the Cuckoo’s Nest approach, the business ecosystem comes first, and single organizations’ goals or specific design features come second. This article discusses the outcomes of two workshops where the Cuckoo’s Nest approach was used for the purpose of developing business ecosystems in connection with smart city development projects within the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We outline the steps involved in the Cuckoo’s Nest approach and how they were applied in these two smart city projects, and we describe how it is being refined for further use in other locations and contexts.10abusiness ecosystem10abusiness network10acampus development10aco-creation10aco-design10acollective action10aCuckoo’s Nest Approach10aparticipatory planning10asmart cities10asustainability1 aArtto, Karlos1 aKyrö, Riikka1 aAhola, Tuomas1 aPeltokorpi, Antti1 aSandqvist, Kristiina  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/103902244nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260004200209300001000251490000600261520159500267653001401862653001101876653002001887653002201907653001701929653001801946100002601964856003601990       2015                        eng d  a1927-032100aRepresenting Botnet-Enabled Cyber-Attacks and Botnet Takedowns Using Club Theory0 aRepresenting BotnetEnabled CyberAttacks and Botnet Takedowns Usi  aOttawabTalent First Networkc06/2015  a35-440 v53 aA model for executing and resisting botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns does not exist. The lack of this representation results in ineffective and inefficient organizational decision making and learning, hampers theory development, and obfuscates the discourse about the “best-case” scenarios for the future of the online world. In this article, a club theory model for botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns is developed. Initiatives to execute and resist botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns are conceptualized as collective actions carried out by individuals and groups organized into four types of Internet-linked clubs: Attacker, Defender, Botbeheader, and Botmaster. Five scenarios of botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and five scenarios of botnet takedowns are examined to identify the specific dimensions of the three constructs and provide examples of the values in each dimension. The developed theory provides insights into the clubs, thereby paving the way for more effective botnet mitigation strategies. This research will be of particular interest to executives and functional personnel of heterogeneous organizations who are interested in improving the quality of their communications and accelerating decision making when solving botnet-related problems. Researchers applying club theory to examine collective actions of organizations linked by the Internet will also be interested in this research. Although club theory has been applied to solve problems in many fields, this is the first effort to apply it to botnet-related problems.10abotmaster10abotnet10abotnet takedown10acollective action10acyber-attack10acybersecurity1 aAdegboyega, Olukayode  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/905