TY - JOUR T1 - The City as Living Laboratory: Empowering Citizens with the Citadel Toolkit JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Carina Veeckman A1 - Shenja van der Graaf KW - citizen involvement KW - Living lab KW - open government data KW - smart city KW - toolkit AB - Lately, the concept of smart cities has been changing from a top-down and mostly technological-driven approach, towards a bottom-up process that facilitates participation and collaboration among city stakeholders. In this latter respect, the city is an ecosystem in which smart applications, open government data, and new modes of participation are fostering innovation. However, detailed analyses on how to manage bottom-up smart city initiatives, as well as descriptions of underlying challenges and barriers, are still scarce. Therefore, this article investigates four collaborative smart city initiatives in Europe to learn how cities can optimize citizen involvement in the context of public sector innovation. The analytical framework focuses on the different stakeholder roles in the ecosystem and the civic capacities to participate in the innovation process. The findings illustrate how more inclusive citizen involvement can be realized by providing different tools that align with the specific capacities and skills of the citizens. Furthermore, through specified workshop formats and peer learning, citizens lacking technical skills were also enabled to participate in the evolution of their cities, and to generate solutions from which both the city and everyday urban life can possibly benefit. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/877 IS - 3 U1 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform, which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, measuring related impact and outcomes, and monitoring the willingness to share personal data when using these applications. Currently, she manages and conducts user research in the following smart city projects: Citadel on the Move (2012–2015), Open Transport Net (2014–2016), and the European Cloud Marketplace for Intelligent Mobility (ECIM) (2014–2016). U2 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel Shenja van der Graaf (PhD, LSE) heads the Code, Commodification & the City (Digital Cities) cluster at iMinds-SMIT at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. She is a researcher at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the United Kingdom, an honorary fellow at MIT Media Lab ID³ Hub in the United States, and a Futures of Entertainment fellow, also in the United States. Her current work is concerned with social, economic, and policy issues arising from innovations associated with the ICT. Specific lines of inquiry include the integration of new technologies into society; management of technological innovation in firms, cities, and communities; (new) media users and "cultures of expertise"; mediation of social and economic life, theoretical perspectives; and cybersecurity. ER -