TY - JOUR T1 - The Grey Areas Between Open and Closed in Innovation Networks JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Seppo Leminen A1 - Taija Turunen A1 - Mika Westerlund KW - closedness KW - innovation KW - innovation network KW - Living lab KW - Open innovation KW - openness AB - This study argues that there are different degrees of openness and closedness in innovation activity, and it highlights the need for more research on the "grey areas" between totally open and totally closed innovation, particularly in innovation networks where multiple stakeholders collaborate for innovation. Here, we focus on four key aspects of innovation networks, as characterized by their degrees of openness or closedness: governance, motivation, interaction, and innovation practices. The categorization is based on a review of theory and an empirical analysis of three distinct innovation networks, two of which represent the open living lab model, and one of which exemplifies the traditional closed innovation model. Our results can help managers improve efficiency in innovation networks by better understanding the grey areas between open and closed in innovation. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/948 IS - 12 U1 - Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. U2 - Aalto University Taija Turunen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies at Aalto University's School of Business in Finland. Taija holds a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Aalto University's School of Science. During her academic career, Taija has managed several research projects in the area of service operations management and service innovation. Before joining academia, Taija worked as a management consultant in the field of industrial service operations. U3 - Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Places and Spaces within Living Labs JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2015 A1 - Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn A1 - Carina Ihlström Eriksson A1 - Anna Ståhlbröst KW - influence KW - Living lab KW - openness KW - place KW - realism KW - space AB - In this article, we propose the concepts of places and spaces as conceptual tools to facilitate the organization of innovation activities within living labs. We have taken a pragmatic perspective on these concepts regarding how they are integrated in design situations, and how different types of places and spaces can facilitate or hinder innovation. We have found that, by applying openness, realism, and influence in the different spaces of our living lab milieus, they have transformed into many different places depending on the stakeholders involved, the methods chosen, and the facilitation of activities. Hence, by understanding this line of reasoning, living lab managers can make more informed decisions and plans for innovation activities. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 5 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/951 IS - 12 U1 - Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Pro-Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing, and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published over 60 articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. U2 - Halmstad University Carina Ihlström Eriksson is Associate Professor in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden, where she is also the manager of Halmstad Living Lab. Carina’s research interests concerns digital innovation services, user and stakeholder involvement in innovation processes, living labs, value networks, and business models within the application areas of media and health innovation. She has published more than 50 articles within these areas and has managed and participated in numerous research projects. U3 - Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the IoT Lab project financed by the European Commission. ER -