%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Human Capital, Its Constituents, and Entrepreneurial Innovation: A Multi-Level Modelling of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data %A Vijay Vyas %A Renuka Vyas %K age, %X In this study, we use multi-level modelling to analyze data of over 200,000 businesses in 96 countries to explain the failure of previous research to extend human capital theory to innovation. We trace this failure to, previously overlooked, conflicting influences of education and experience, the two key constituents of human capital that are often used in research as innovation antecedents and present a conceptual and empirical case against the use of work experience as a constituent of human capital. Our hierarchical exploration of innovation antecedents shows that, at the individual level, being young and recently educated are significant predictors of innovation whereas, at the societal level, national wealth dampens the negative effect of age on innovation and accentuates the positive effect of education on it. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-17 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1257 %N 8 %1 University of Portsmouth Vijay Vyas is Senior Lecturer in Entrepreneurship & Enterprise at the Faculty of Business & Law in University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom. He holds a PhD from Edinburgh Napier University. He has been a Professor of Business Economics at the MS University in India and a visiting Professor in Entrepreneurship at Lancaster University in UK. He is the course director of MSc Innovation Management & Entrepreneurship at University of Portsmouth. %2 Cardiff University Renuka Vyas is PhD Research Scholar at Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. She holds a master’s degree in Social Research with a distinction from Birkbeck College, University of London, and a master’s in Economics from MS University of Baroda in India. She has been a Senior Lecturer in Economics at a Gujarat University college and a visiting Faculty in Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management at a Bhavnagar University Institute, both in India. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1257