%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Collaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities %A Jukka Ojasalo %A Heini Kauppinen %K collaboration %K collaborative innovation %K innovation intermediaries %K innovation platform %K PPPP %K public innovation %K public–private–people partnership %K smart city %K urban development %X Despite the rapid increase of public–private–people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 49-60 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1041 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jukka Ojasalo is a Professor and current Head of the Master of Business Administration Degree Programme at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and Adjunct Professor at Aalto University School of Business and Helsinki University Faculty of Social Sciences. He completed his PhD at Hanken Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration in Helsinki, Finland in 1999. Previously, he was Professor of Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology as well as at Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several years in the IT industry and for the Finnish government. He has published two textbooks and many articles on service, customer relationships, networks, and innovation. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Heini Kauppinen is an experienced service design professional who holds an MBA from Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland. As a student, she was a member of the research group for this study the opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors. Her work and research interests include service innovation and design, co-creation, and project management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1041