%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Expect the Unexpected: Investigating co-creation projects in a Living Lab %A Katharina De Vita %A Riccardo De Vita %K co-creation %K innovation %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K Open innovation %X Living Labs (LLs) are complex multi-stakeholder environments that enable real-life testing and experimentation of products, services, and systems. Despite increasing attention by practitioners as well as policymakers, and growing scholarly interest in the field, the literature exploring congruency between organisational objectives and outcomes when utilising LLs is still scarce. To fill this gap, a qualitative case study is employed to gain an in-depth understanding of objectives and project outcomes of organisations utilising LLs. The LL JOSEPHS® was chosen as this study's empirical context, in which 14 different projects were analysed. In-depth interviews revealed eight categories of measurable project outcomes: market acceptance, price acceptability, exposure, product testing, market intelligence, legitimisation, method testing, and networking. This study not only highlights what companies have achieved in comparison to their original project objectives, but also identifies additional unplanned outcomes that they accomplished. The findings offer important project-level insights into the potential and limitations of LLs. The results form a basis upon which to develop a better understanding of how innovation performance can be nurtured in LLs. Insights from the study may also help firms and facilitators by providing a deeper understanding of LLs at an individual project-level, and by articulating potential objectives and outcomes associated with organisations' involvement in LLs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-20 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1461 %N 9/10 %1 University of Greenwich Katharina De Vita is Lecturer in Creativity and Innovation in the Department for Systems Management and Strategy at the University of Greenwich Business School. Prior to joining the University of Greenwich, she was Research Associate at the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (CSTI) at the University of Cambridge. Katharina holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge and a master’s degree from the London School of Economics. Her main research interests are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. She has published journal articles, conference papers, and blogs on living labs. %2 University of Greenwich Riccardo De Vita is Associate Professor in Management at the University of Greenwich, where he is also Head of Department – Human Resources and Organisational Behaviour. Riccardo obtained his PhD at Universita’ Carlo Cattaneo – LIUC. Riccardo’s research interests lie in the field of innovation management, higher education management, and organisational networks. He regularly takes part in commissioned research projects, where he applies his expertise in Social Network Analysis. Riccardo has extensive leadership experience in both the public and private Higher Education sector. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1461 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Living Labs for Public Sector Innovation: insights from a European case study %A Anne Vorre Hansen %A Lars Fuglsang %A Christine Liefooghe %A Luis Rubalcaba %A David Gago %A Ines Mergel & Nathalie Haug %A Maria Taivalsaari Røhnebæk & Francesco Mureddu %K Citizen engagement %K co-creation %K living labs %K Open innovation %K Public sector innovation %X Living labs have gained increased attention in research and practice as both a practical and theoretical innovation phenomenon that emphasizes co-creation, real-life settings, and user/customer involvement. More recently, living labs have also emerged as a specific approach to open innovation processes in the context of publics across the EU. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how the understanding of living labs can be translated and organized into new sectorial settings, what type of public sector innovation challenges it addresses, and what role citizens and users have. The aim of this article is therefore to explore and analyze how living labs are applied as processes for public sector innovation. Based on a mixed method approach of 21 European living lab cases, the analysis reveals a pattern of three different processes for living lab organizational and actor roles: living labs organized as cross-sectorial collaboration, living labs emerging within the public sector as main initiator and beneficiary, and living labs developed by civil society actors. The findings are presented as three scenarios for implementing living labs, which also acts as a background for the article's final discussion about the potentials and pitfalls of living labs in public sector contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 47-58 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1464 %N 9/10 %1 Roskilde University Anne Vorre Hansen (Corresponding author) is Associate Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at Roskilde University. Anne is an experienced consultant, project manager and researcher of user- and citizen-driven innovation processes across the private, public and third sector, alongside of civil society led initiatives. In her current research, she focuses on social innovation and value co-creation processes and practices. %2 Roskilde University Lars Fuglsang is Professor at Roskilde University, Denmark. His research is on how institutional and organizational frameworks are created to deal with the impact of innovation, technology and other forms of change on business and society. His current research focuses on practice-based understandings of the innovation process, where innovation is seen as closely connected with practices and routines. %3 Lille University Christine Liefooghe is Lecturer in economic geography at the Faculty of Economic, Social and Territory Sciences, Lille University, France. Her research focuses on innovation, regional development, and urban change in the knowledge, cultural and creative economy. Her latest projects have focused on the creative city, then the spatial diffusion of third places (coworking, Fablabs) and, within the framework of the Co-VAL H2020 project, on Living Labs and the digitalization of public policies. %4 University of Alacala Luis Rubalcaba is Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Alcalá and director of the Master on Innovation Economics, Management and Technology. Previous positions: scientific co-coordinator of the Co-VAL H2020 project on public sector innovation, senior innovation specialist at the World Bank in Washington, DC (US), visiting Fulbright Scholar at Boston University (US), distinguished professor at VTT-Tekes/Academy of Science (Finland), honorary scholar at the University of Birmingham (UK), and president of RESER (European Association for Services Research). %# San Pablo CEU University David Gago is Lecturer at San Pablo CEU University, Spain, and Professor of the Master on Innovation Economics, Management and Technology at the University of Alcalá, Spain. He has researched and published in the areas of service innovation, innovation metrics and impacts of innovation, and public policies. His practical experience includes working extensively both with public and private boards on strategic planning, decision making, and evaluation/impact assessment. Over time he has also served non-profit organizations. %$ University of Konstanz Ines Mergel is full Professor of digital governance at the University of Konstanz, Germany, where she heads the Digital Governance Lab. She is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA). Her research focuses on the digital transformation of the public sector. University of Konstanz Nathalie Haug holds a master’s degree in Politics and Public Administration and is currently a PhD Student in the department of Politics and Public Administration at the University of Konstanz. Her research interests cover public sector innovation, digital transformation of organizations, as well as citizen participation in the design and delivery of public services. %] Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Maria Taivalsaari Røhnebæk is a senior researcher at Inland School of Business and Social Sciences at the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences. She holds a master’s degree in social anthropology and a PhD in technology, innovation and culture from the University of Oslo. Her research focuses on innovation and digitalization in public services, with emphasis on welfare, care, and social services. She has conducted extensive fieldwork in India and Norway, and she is currently working with research projects focusing on service innovation, service design, and co-creation in public services. Belgian Think Tank Lisbon Council Francesco Mureddu is an analyst and strategist in innovation and technology policies and is currently Director at the Belgian Think Tank Lisbon Council. Aside from his primary activity, he serves as partner and business development consultant for the consultancy start-up DataPower Consulting, as well as consultant for several clients including PwC Italy, KPMG Italy, NOVA, JRC Seville, Outsight, Region Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Manpower, Adecco, Proter, and I2Grow. He holds an MA in Economics from the Catholic University of Louvain and a PhD in Economics from the University of Cagliari. %& 47 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1464 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Review of Living Lab Research and Methods for User Involvement %A Judy Hong Huang %A Elisa Thomas %K bibliometric analysis %K co-creation %K literature review %K Living lab %K user involvement %X Living lab initiatives attempt to solve challenges by stimulating innovative collaboration and outcomes, which unfold in multifarious activities. This study investigates the progress of Living lab research over time. It explores its current trends, along with methods and tools used by Living labs for user involvement. By employing a two-step approach, the study first presents a bibliometric analysis of 535 publications, including detection of convergence towards areas like the aging problem of societies, smart cities, Urban Living labs, and overall sustainability. Urban Living lab clusters have been growing rapidly and forming their own research domain. Subsequently, a review of 42 empirical papers explores the methods and tools adopted by Living labs for user involvement during the innovation process. We categorize the methods into the following eight groups: 1) Structured interaction, 2) Flexible interaction, 3) Extended network, 4) Special actors, 5) Learning and engaging, 6) Design approaches; 7) Techniques, 8) Operational guidelines. The study contributes both to theoretical and practice-oriented Living lab research and offers potential support especially to practitioners. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 88-107 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1467 %N 9/10 %1 University of Stavanger Judy Hong Huang is a Ph.D. candidate at the Business School, University of Stavanger, Norway. She works with a research project named “Releasing the Power of Users - articulating user interests to accelerate new innovative pathways in digital health and welfare sector”. It is a four-year international project funded by the Norwegian Research Council. Her study belongs to its work package 2, “Creating boundary innovation space” with a special interest in living labs, their user-driven or user-inspired innovations, and methods for user involvement. %2 Nord University Elisa Thomas is an Associate Professor at Nord University (Norway) and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Stavanger (Norway). She is a leader of the Academic Division in Competences, Behaviour, and Culture for Innovation at the Brazilian Academy of Management (ANPAD), and a leader of the Special Interest Group on Responsible Innovation at the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Her research interests include entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems, the role of universities in regional development, start-up incubators, technology parks, and open innovation intermediaries. %& 88 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1467 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Human-Centered Design for Collaborative Innovation in Knowledge-based Economies %A Tiago Filipe Pereira da Silva %A João Paulo Coelho Marques %K co-creation %K design thinking %K Human-Centered Design %K innovation %K ME310 %K new product development %K Project-based Learning %K University-Industry Collaboration %X This research explores a university-industry collaboration based on the case study of an innovation project based on Stanford University's ME310 Design Innovation program. The Porto Design Factory and IKEA Industry joined forces to tackle a problem using what has come to be called a human-centered design approach. The case study provides an understanding of outcomes that reveal the potential of using a human-centered design approach to solve technical problems while enhancing customer experience. It also identifies the benefits that each institution gained by collaborating. The outcomes show that companies benefit from building interfaces with external partners, and that universities are relevant players in the innovation ecosystem, satisfying their third mission of being entrepreneurial institutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %8 09/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1385 %N 9 %1 Sonae MC IT Labs Tiago Silva has a master’s degree in Business Management from the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra and an international post-graduate certificate in Product and Service Innovation (ME310) from the Polytechnic Institute of Porto in collaboration with Stanford University and SUGAR Network. Currently working at Sonae MC, a Portuguese retail company, he is part of an innovation and experimentation team - IT Labs. His interests are in Innovation Management, Human-Centered Design and Entrepreneurship. %2 Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra João Paulo Coelho Marques obtained the Ph.D. in Industrial Management at University of Aveiro-Portugal (2005). His master’s degree is in Management, at Lisbon School of Economics and Management - Lisbon University (1997). He has been a Professor at Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra - Portugal, since 1990, where he coordinated the M.Sc. Course in Business Management between 2009 and 2015, and the undergraduate course of Commerce and International Economics Relations between 2017 and 2020. He has been a researcher at a Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness, and Public Policies at the University of Aveiro since 2007. Having published more than 20 scientific papers and 2 books, his main interests are in Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship, triple helix innovation and Business Incubators. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1385 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Rapid Product Development in University-Industry Collaboration: Case Study of a Smart Design Project %A Jari Jussila %A Jukka Raitanen %A Atte Partanen %A Vesa Tuomela %A Ville Siipola %A Irma Kunnari %K co-creation %K Co-creation pedagogy %K design thinking %K Rapid product development %K University-Industry Collaboration %X University-industry collaboration aims at mutually beneficial knowledge and technology exchange between higher education and business. Prototyping new products is one sweet spot where industry can gain new valuable knowledge and understanding of technology, while higher education institutions develop the skills and competences of students by encouraging them to work on authentic real-life problems. From the “design thinking” perspective, rapid product development can be defined as the creation of new products, in the shortest timescales possible, that meet the criteria of desirability, feasibility, and viability. This article addresses rapid product development by presenting a case study of developing prototypes in university-industry collaboration. As a result, the study highlights key design principles, such as the importance of involving teachers, business representatives, and students in collaborative project design, of focusing on the customers or service users who will benefit from the design, and of guiding students participating in co-creation activities. Presenting conclusions for both academics and the industry, the article contributes to design thinking and rapid product development in university-industry collaboration. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 49-59 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1336 %N 3 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jari Jussila, DSc, is the director of the HAMK Design Factory and the Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on knowledge management, co-creation, social media and health informatics. %2 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jukka Raitanen, BBA, community manager of HAMK Design Factory, is also a business designer. Jukka has been developing interdisciplinary initiatives for students in Amazing Business Train, FRUSH and Freezing Week. As community manager, Raitanen has the role of embedding business in different disciplines at Häme University of Applied Sciences. Vesa Tuomela, MSc, MBA, is a senior lecturer at Häme University of Applied Sciences and teacher of business design. Vesa has been designing flipped learning experiences, including cSchool, Amazing Business Train, Freezing Week and Startup Business School. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Atte Partanen holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical and automation engineering from Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK, 2017). He works as a project engineer in many projects focused on the Internet of Things, data management and information systems at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on information and data management systems. His work on information systems and smart cities has been published in journals. %4 Häme University of Applied Sciences Vesa Tuomela, MSc, MBA, is a senior lecturer at Häme University of Applied Sciences and teacher of business design. Vesa has been designing flipped learning experiences, including cSchool, Amazing Business Train, Freezing Week and Startup Business School. %# Häme University of Applied Sciences Ville Siipola is a Lecturer at HAMK and a footwear designer with passion for digital design, manufacturing methods and product development. He specializes in innovation through multidisciplinary teamwork and Design Thinking. %$ Häme University of Applied Sciences Irma Kunnari has a PhD in Education, is a principal lecturer, teacher educator, pedagogical developer and researcher at HAMK’s Edu research unit. Irma Kunnari has developed student-centered and innovative competence-based higher education in many national and international contexts and has researched teacher learning and educational change. %& 49 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1336 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Bridging Participatory Policy Trends and Research Traditions through Social Innovation %A Malin Lindberg %A Daniel Hallencreutz %A Anna Tengqvist %K action research %K co-creation %K innovation %K participatory research %K social innovation %X This study explores whether social innovation may serve as a bridge between participatory policy trends and research traditions when striving for improved societal relevance and impact of research and innovation (R&I). Despite their shared aim of relevance and impact through civic involvement, European R&I policies and participatory action research approaches seldom refer to each other or harness each other’s resources. The study advances the knowledge regarding how the participatory elements in the policies and research approaches relate through a participatory case study of a joint R&I process to develop a model for social innovation support in Sweden. The case study helps distinguish potential synergies between various degrees of involvement advocated in the policies and research approaches, as well as between the reliance on trending policy concepts vs. scientific notions of validity. Social innovation is perceived as a potential bridge between these elements, as it draws upon participatory academic traditions, while simultaneously tapping into current policy trends of co-creation, in the development of new approaches and solutions to societal challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 27-36 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1231 %N 4 %1 Luleå University of Technology Malin Lindberg is a Professor at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, where he specializes in participatory action research, in which knowledge is developed jointly by researchers and societal stakeholders. Her main topic of interest is inclusive forms of innovation and organization, with specific focus on social innovation, participatory innovation, and sustainable development. She has published several studies on policies, support, and management of inclusive innovation and organization in international anthologies and journals, for example, the International Journal of Innovation Management, the International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, the International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, and the European Public & Social Innovation Review. %2 WSP Daniel Hallencreutz is a Senior Consultant for WSP in Sweden. He specializes in participatory processes of regional development with a scholarly base in human geography. His main topic of interest is mechanisms of growth and societal change in clusters and innovation systems in various industrial and geographical contexts. His PhD thesis scrutinized growth patterns in Swedish clusters of design-intensive and cultural-products industries, such as multimedia, fashion, and music. He has managed several participatory evaluation processes of regional and national clusters and innovation systems, for example, in the European Regional Development Fund. %3 WSP Anna Tengqvist is a Senior Consultant for WSP in Sweden. She specializes in participatory processes of social sustainability, equality management, and gender mainstreaming. One of her main topics of interest is social innovation development and support, and in this area she has managed several co-creative evaluations of multi-actor platforms and projects on regional level. She has also managed several participatory model development processes for gender equality, equal opportunities, intersectionality, and accessibility in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors. This work includes the development of a European standard for gender mainstreaming in the European Social Fund. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1231 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (May 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K business models %K co-creation %K drop out %K entrepreneurship %K facilitation %K innovation %K internationalization %K lean global startups %K living labs %K services %K servitization %K stakeholders %K users %K value propositions %K value-in-use %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1154 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1154 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Innovation Instruments to Co-Create Needs-Based Solutions in a Living Lab %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Pauliina Hyrkäs %K co-creation %K innovation instrument %K innovation process %K Living lab %K SME %K startup %K user involvement %X This multiple case study focuses on co-creation facilitated with innovation instruments in three different environments – a school, a hospital, and an airport – in which 12 SMEs and startups developed solutions based on predefined needs of customer organizations, and where stakeholders actively participated through user involvement methods facilitated by a living lab. The article provides new knowledge regarding the benefits of the co-creation, user involvement, and use of the living lab approach within different contexts. Our findings show concrete benefits of co-creation for stakeholders such as companies, customer organizations, and end users. Based on our results, we propose a new, generic model for using innovation instruments to facilitate co-creation for the development of needs-based products and services in different service domains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 22-35 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1156 %N 5 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro, MSc (Econ), is a doctoral candidate at the Oulu Business School at the University of Oulu in Finland. Her PhD research focuses on user involvement through living lab approach in different contexts. She has participated in several international and national innovation, research and development projects as a specialist of living lab and user involvement methods, and has administered a user community and user involvement tool since 2011. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö, MSc (Tech), is a User Research Expert and Project Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs, where she is currently in charge of projects related to innovation and living labs. %3 Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District Pauliina Hyrkäs, BHSc (Health Management), Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (NOHD), Finland, has worked in local, national, and international healthcare sector projects as a project manager, a coordinator, and a designer. With her project team, she developed nationally applicable innovation process for Finnish University Hospitals as well as the Development and Innovation Process for the NOHD. Currently, she is starting up the innovation activities at the Oulu University Hospital (OYS), designing the innovation process for the Future Hospital OYS 2030 and for the innovation ecosystem around the OYS as well as the healthcare co-creation process to be utilized at the European Union level. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1156 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Realistic Creativity Training for Innovation Practitioners: The Know–Recognize–React Model %A Dagny Valgeirsdottir %A Balder Onarheim %K co-creation %K cognitive creativity %K creative awareness %K creative process %K creativity %K creativity training %K front-end innovation %K innovation process %K metacognition %K transdisciplinary %X Creativity is increasingly being recognized as important raw material for innovation, which highlights the importance of identifying ways to increase the creativity of practitioners. In this article, we describe our efforts to design a creativity training program specifically for innovation practitioners. Our aim was to develop a program that would be both theoretically sound (i.e., based on a rigorous scientific foundation) and relevant for practitioners (i.e., applicable to real-world contexts). Our transdisciplinary study employed co-creation as a method to ensure that three layers of focus would be taken into consideration: metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and metacognitive control. The result is a program called Creative Awareness Training, which is based on the new Know–Recognize–React model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-15 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1080 %N 6 %1 Technical University of Denmark Dagny Valgeirsdottir is a PhD researcher and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. Her research focuses on developing ways to enhance individual creativity by optimizing creativity training through the application of metacognitive approaches. She is the author of numerous articles on the topic and is currently working on finalizing her dissertation. Dagny furthermore contributes to the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity, which is an institute devoted to enhancing creativity of individuals and teams applying principles from neuroscience. %2 Technical University of Denmark Balder Onarheim is Associate Professor in Creativity and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. His expertise lies within a neurobiological understanding of creativity and methods to use this understanding to improve individuals’ capabilities in creative problem solving. Balder is moreover the founder of the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity and the CEO at PlatoScience, which is making a neurostimulator to enhance performance in knowledge work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1080 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Towards Third-Generation Living Lab Networks in Cities %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Mika Westerlund %K city %K co-creation %K collaborative innovation %K innovation %K Living lab %K networks %K Open innovation %K smart city %K third-generation %X Many cities engage in diverse experimentation, innovation, and development activities with a broad variety of environments and stakeholders to the benefit of citizens, companies, municipalities, and other organizations. Hence, this article discusses such engagement in terms of next-generation living lab networks in the city context. In so doing, the study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a framework of collaborative innovation networks in cities and suggesting a typology of third-generation living labs. Our framework is characterized by diverse platforms and participation approaches, resulting in four distinctive modes of collaborative innovation networks where the city is: i) a provider, ii) a neighbourhood participator, iii) a catalyst, or iv) a rapid experimenter. The typology is based on an analysis of 118 interviews with participants in six Finnish cities and reveals various ways to organize innovation activities in the city context. In particular, cities can benefit from innovation networks by simultaneously exploiting multiple platforms such as living labs for innovation. We conclude by discussing implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-35 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1118 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Espoo, Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, high-tech and service business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor of Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1118 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Co-Creating User Stories: A Tool for Making Sense of Business Opportunities %A Anna-Greta Nyström %A Miia Mustonen %A Seppo Yrjölä %K business-to-business %K co-creation %K sensemaking %K user stories %X This article discusses co-creation as a means of sensemaking among business-to-business actors, and presents a case study from the information and communications sector, in which the aim is to understand current and future media consumption and behaviour. We propose to expand the notion of co-creation in such a way that it also recognizes interaction and sensemaking between different stakeholders within an industry or sector, compared to the current view, in which the focus is on the consumers’ role in co-creation activities. Stakeholder co-creation entails jointly creating meaning of a chosen complex phenomenon by using practical tools, such as narratives in the form of user stories. Sensemaking is a narrative process and can thus be used in combination with practical facilitation tools in order to co-create user stories or other stories, and in other contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 33-39 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1009 %N 8 %1 Åbo Akademi University Anna-Greta Nyström D.Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland. Anna-Greta holds a doctoral degree in International Marketing from the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University. Her doctoral research focused on industry change in the Finnish telecommunications sector, with a special focus on technological convergence. Anna-Greta’s current research interests include consumer behaviour in high-tech industries and changing media-consumption patterns. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Miia Mustonen is a Research Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She received her MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Oulu, Finland, in 2005. She has been actively involved in regulatory activities in both European and international regulatory bodies. She holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu, Finland, where she is currently finalizing her PhD degree on spectrum-sharing models in policy making. %3 Nokia Innovation Steering Seppo Yrjölä is a Principal Innovator at Nokia Innovation Steering. Prior to joining Innovations in 2007, he headed wireless technology research at Nokia. He holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu, Finland, and did his postgraduate studies in the area of telecommunication and radio technology. His current focus is innovating in the area of future radios with cognitive radio business opportunities and potential disruptions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1009 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Crowdsourcing Literature Reviews in New Domains %A Michael Weiss %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K crowdsourcing platform %K cybersecurity %K literature review %K narrative %K new domains %K systematic %X Conducting a literature review in new domains presents unique challenges. The literature in a new domain is typically broad, fragmented, and growing quickly. Because little is known about the new domain, the literature review cannot be guided by established classifications of knowledge, unlike in an existing domain. Rather, it will be driven by evidence that challenges and extends existing knowledge. In a way, exploring a new domain means looking for anomalies in the evidence that cannot be explained by what is already known. This article summarizes lessons from conducting two literature reviews in new domains in the area of cybersecurity. It then presents a design for using leader-driven crowdsourcing to collect evidence and synthesize it into insights in a new domain. The article will be relevant to those who are exploring a new domain, in particular students, researchers, and members of R&D projects in industry. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-14 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/963 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/963 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Cuckoo’s Nest Approach for Co-Creating Business Ecosystems in Smart Cities %A Karlos Artto %A Riikka Kyrö %A Tuomas Ahola %A Antti Peltokorpi %A Kristiina Sandqvist %K business ecosystem %K business network %K campus development %K co-creation %K co-design %K collective action %K Cuckoo’s Nest Approach %K participatory planning %K smart cities %K sustainability %X The development of business ecosystems in smart cities is currently hampered by the absence of established approaches for facilitating long-term value and sustainability. In our view, the underlying reason is the lack of collective action involving various organizations in the design process. Collective action for the good of the whole ecosystem does not take place in existing participatory practices because of the dominating role of a single customer or designer organization (in urban development projects typically the owner-developer or lead architect), who uses their bargaining and decision-making power over others. This leads to sub-optimal behaviour where the system is optimized for the goals of one strong organization instead of collectively developed system-level goals of the business ecosystem as a whole. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach addresses this problem by inviting various expert organizations to design the system and assigning each organization design rights for the ecosystem and its system-level goal. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach enhances collective action among the organizations by making individuals from various organizations consider the interests, goals, objectives, and value-adding elements of other organizations – not just those of their own organizations. With the Cuckoo’s Nest approach, the business ecosystem comes first, and single organizations’ goals or specific design features come second. This article discusses the outcomes of two workshops where the Cuckoo’s Nest approach was used for the purpose of developing business ecosystems in connection with smart city development projects within the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We outline the steps involved in the Cuckoo’s Nest approach and how they were applied in these two smart city projects, and we describe how it is being refined for further use in other locations and contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 26-37 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1039 %N 12 %1 Aalto University Karlos Artto is a Professor and Lead of Project Business at Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Artto’s long experience working in industry and the multiple research projects he conducted with global firms and domestic organizations provide a strong empirical basis for his academic achievements. His publications include more than 50 articles in refereed journals and more than 200 academic papers, book chapters, and books on project business and the management of project-based firms. He belongs to editorial boards of several project management journals. Dr. Artto has supervised 12 doctoral dissertations and more than 180 master’s theses. %2 Aalto University Riikka Kyrö is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Aalto University School of Science, Finland. Dr. Kyrö earned an M Sc in Real Estate Economics in 2005 from the Helsinki University of Technology and a DrSc (Tech) in Real Estate Business in 2013 from the Aalto University School of Engineering. Outside academia, she has six years of industry experience working with environmental consulting and sustainability in corporate real estate management. Dr. Kyrö has published nearly 30 academic articles in the field of the built environment. %3 Tampere University of Technology Tuomas Ahola is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, as well as an Adjunct Professor of Project Management at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Dr. Ahola specializes in inter-organizational networks in the context of project business. He has published more than 15 peer-reviewed journal articles. Dr. Ahola lectures on various content areas of project business for both academic and industry audiences. %4 Aalto University Antti Peltokorpi is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management in Construction at Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland. Dr. Peltokorpi holds a DrSc (Tech) in Operations Management from the Aalto University School of Science. His research includes studies on service innovations, service production strategies, and production planning and control. Dr. Peltokorpi's research interests include value creation in business networks and supply chains, especially in the built environment, the construction industry, and healthcare. %# Aalto University Kristiina Sandqvist is a MA student in Collaborative and Industrial Design at Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in Finland. Ms. Sandqvist has industry experience as a service designer and is interested in the development and application of co-creation methods as well as the emerging roles of designers as facilitators. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1039 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Innovation in Tourism (November 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A David Guimont %A Dominic Lapointe %K action research %K boundary objects %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K innovation %K living labs %K smart cities %K smart destinations %K technology %K tourism %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-5 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1029 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio) David Guimont is a Teacher-Researcher at the Cégep de Rivière-du-Loup in Quebec, Canada, where he is associated with the Recreation and Leadership Training Department and the Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio). He holds a master’s degree in Tourism Management and Development from the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). %3 Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Dominic Lapointe is a Professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Tourism at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) in Canada, where he is the Director of the Tourism and Hospitality Management Undergraduate program. His research addresses development and environmental issues with the use of critical theory, especially in the fields of tourism, conservation, and the environment. He holds a doctoral degree in Regional Development from the Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1029 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (August 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K audience commodification %K business models %K co-creation %K corporate entrepreneurship %K digital maturity model %K digitization %K front end of innovation %K idea selection %K user stories %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1006 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1006 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Process for Co-Creating Shared Value with the Crowd: Tourism Case Studies from a Regional Innovation System in Western Switzerland %A Vincent Grèzes %A Béatrice Girod Lehmann %A Marc Schnyder %A Antoine Perruchoud %K business models %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K innovation %K regional innovation system %K shared value %K tourism %K tourism cluster %X Despite the presence of a regional innovation system, the gross value added attributed to tourism in the Swiss region of Valais is declining. Innovation policies fostering private initiatives and collaboration between companies, researchers, and coaching services have been reinforced recently, and policy instruments are in place to support strategic industries. However, no incitement instrument is dedicated to supporting the co-creation and the creation of shared value through local actors. This article presents a co-creation process of shared value and the lessons learned while implementing a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship in two case studies in the peripheral region of Valais, Switzerland. The aim of the process is the co-creation of shared value-based business models, with an emphasis on the use of crowdsourcing to find new ways to create shared value. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 32-39 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1033 %N 11 %1 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Vincent Grèzes is a Professor of Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre. He holds a PhD in Political Science and joined the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute of the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in 2011. Vincent has professional experience in the areas of business intelligence, and industry and strategic market research. His current research areas are business and tourism innovation, creation of shared value, and regional development. %2 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Béatrice Girod Lehmann is a Scientific Collaborator at the Institute of Entrepreneurship & Management of the University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland in Sierre. She has participated in several research projects aimed at developing solutions for SMEs and has worked on various topics such as the internationalization of SMEs in the French part of Switzerland, technological innovation, the functional economy, and fostering the entrepreneurial spirit. She is also involved in the BusiNETvs project, a platform for innovation and entrepreneurship for academics and professionals from the Valais, and is the Executive Head of the MAS HES-SO in Quality & Strategy Management. Béatrice holds a UAS degree in Business Administration and a Master of Advanced Studies in Quality & Strategy Management. %3 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Marc Schnyder is a Professor of Tourism and Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre, where he is also the Head of the Institute of Tourism. He holds a French/German bilingual license from the University of Fribourg, specializing in economic and financial policy. After a one-year internship at the Swiss National Bank (SNB) in Zurich in the field of banking economy, he wrote a doctoral thesis at the University of Fribourg on the theme of investment theory. He was then a Research Assistant at the Private Hochschule Wirtschaft PHW Bern, where he worked in the field of applied research and development. His current research areas are tourist innovation process, international tourism issues, tourism policy, and the regional economy. %4 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Antoine Perruchoud is a Professor at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre and is Head of the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute. He is committed to training and supporting young entrepreneurs, and he is one of the initiators and directors of the university's Entrepreneurship Business Experience Program. The goal of this interdisciplinary training program is to foster and promote innovation and entrepreneurship among future graduates through the university's "school enterprise". Antoine graduated in Economics and Social Sciences from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and holds a master's degree from Western Washington University in the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1033 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Contextuality and Co-Creation Matter: A Qualitative Case Study Comparison of Living Lab Concepts in Urban Research %A Yvonne Franz %A Karin Tausz %A Sarah-Kristin Thiel %K co-creation %K innovation ecosystem %K participation %K social innovation %K urban living labs %X Innovation development is key to transforming a product-based economy into an innovative service economy by integrating users as co-creators in real-life environments. User co-creation and user involvement are key elements in living labs. Urban living labs add not only the urban component to the conceptual design, but also societal, political, and technological questions. Fields of analysis in urban research relate to socio-spatial environment, living together, and urban policies. The leading question of this article is: to what extent can urban living labs be used as an instrument to support these fields of investigation? Comparing three different approaches for urban living labs, ranging from socially-centred to more technology-centred, we offer a more nuanced understanding of urban living lab design in diverging research contexts. All three case studies manage to go beyond testing and improving new products, which is normally the aim of existing living labs, by embedding innovation in appropriate social, structural, and institutional frameworks, and targeting civil society involvement. The community benefits from this case study comparison because it contextualizes living labs as research methodology to be applied in future urban research projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 48-55 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/952 %N 12 %1 Institute for Urban and Regional Research Yvonne Franz is a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute for Urban and Regional Research within the Austrian Academy of Sciences. She studied Economics and Geography at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, the University of Cologne, and the University of Vienna, and she received her PhD on gentrification processes in New York City, Berlin, and Vienna in 2013. She is now involved in two JPI Urban Europe projects dealing with gentrification processes (Practices and Policies for Neighbourhood Improvement: Towards Gentrification 2.0) and interethnic coexistence (ICEC - Interethnic Coexistence in European Cities) that includes the urban living lab approach. She is a lecturer at University of Vienna and co-organizer of the Vienna Summer School in Urban Studies. %2 AustriaTech Karin Tausz is Head of Innovation & E-Mobility at AustriaTech. She received a Master’s degree in economics from the University of Vienna, Austria. Her experience includes policy consulting and innovation management for urban mobility, ITS and e-mobility, addressing public authorities, and companies. She was previously research coordinator at the Mobility Department of the applied science organisation AIT. She has been active for over 20 years in regional and urban development as a project manager, evaluator, and consultant with an emphasis on public participation, transport, and governance. %3 Telecommunications Research Centre Wien Sarah-Kristin Thiel is a Project Manager at the Telecommunications Research Centre Wien and is pursuing a PhD from the University of Salzburg. In her thesis, she investigates the influence of game-inspired elements in civic engagement platforms. She received a Master’s degree in Media Informatics from Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany. During her studies, she has gained experience in the automotive industry, human–machine interaction, and mobile development. Her research interests include (mobile) human–computer interaction, interaction design, and technology in society. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/952 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Organization of Living Labs: Coordinating Activities for Regional Innovation %A Bernhard R. Katzy %A Claudia Bücker %K activities %K co-creation %K ideation %K innovation systems %K living labs %K processes %K venturing %X This article contributes to the ongoing knowledge from the first decade of operating living labs with a study on the coordination of novel innovation activities in living labs. The article provides an organizational model for living labs to order the activities that eventually will allow the conceptualization of living labs as innovation systems, thus giving user involvement a more central role in innovation process theories. This article shows how innovation networks systematically align their activities to reliably achieve their objectives. Next to this interpretivist theoretical contribution, the article contributes relevant practical insights to technology innovation management practitioners based on in-depth living lab cases that exhibit interesting, relevant, and new activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 23-28 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/927 %N 9 %1 Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM) Bernhard Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in the Netherlands. He is also a Co-Founder of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as a car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in Electrical Engineering and Business Management. Bernhard holds a PhD in Industrial Engineering from RWTH Aachen University of Technology, Germany, and a second PhD (Habilitation) in Technology Management from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interests are the entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %2 Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM) Claudia Bücker is Co-Founder and Director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). In this capacity, she has been involved in numerous entrepreneurial innovation activities combining theory and practice. Claudia is an experienced project manager of publicly funded projects and also has been involved in the coaching of privately funded startups. She is a lecturer in the "ICT in Business" program of Leiden University in the Netherlands. She holds a PhD in Biochemistry from RWTH Aachen University of Technology in Germany. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/927 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. In the Innovation Game, Why Do So Many Companies Stay on the Sidelines? %A Katri Valkokari %K co-creation %K co-innovation %K collaboration %K innovation %K lead users %K Open innovation %K open source %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 35-39 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/944 %N 11 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari works as a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business Ecosystems, Value Chains and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/944 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Generative Innovation Practices, Customer Creativity, and the Adoption of New Technology Products %A Stoyan Tanev %A Marianne Harbo Frederiksen %K co-creation %K customer creativity %K customer value %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K technology adoption %X We offer a critical reflection on one of the key reasons for the startlingly low success rate of innovation initiatives worldwide – the fact that the interactive environment surrounding the customer is a critical part of the adoption process; it can and should be designed in a way that enables customer creativity, and thus adoption. In this article, we embrace a definition of innovation as “the adoption of a new practice by a community” where the innovator is the one who does not only sense and move into new opportunities but also mobilizes all the necessary resources needed by customers to adopt a new practice. The emphasis on adoption merges together innovation and entrepreneurship by shifting the focus from the inventor and the designer, through the entrepreneur, to the ultimate recipient of the innovative outcomes. Looking at customers as co-creators is critically important for technological product adoption; missing the chance to enable their creativity is equivalent to missing the opportunity of seeing them for who they really are. The result is a distorted vision that is ultimately rooted in the misconception of the dynamics of customer value. We particularly emphasize two points: i) the increasing degree of complexity of everyday technological products requires a higher degree of creativity by customers to adopt; and ii) customer creativity is not only a function of user-technology interaction, it is a function of the various actors in the interactive environment surrounding the customer such as other customers, other technologies, local distributors, customer/technical support providers, and competitors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-10 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/763 %N 2 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, born global technology startup business model development and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member and member of the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %2 University of Southern Denmark Marianne Harbo Frederiksen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and a member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark. Currently, she is also a PhD student focusing on creative processes and outcomes in connection with new product development and adoption and therefore the linkages between creativity and innovation. She has an MSc in Architecture from the Aarhus School of Architecture, Denmark, with a specialization within industrial design and product development. She has been co-owner of a design company and has worked in and together with several industries as a designer and R&D Manager as well as an adviser in public-private research projects focusing on user experience, experience designing, and other aspects of product development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/763 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Integrating Design for All in Living Labs %A Madeleine Gray %A Mikaël Mangyoku %A Artur Serra %A Laia Sánchez %A Francesc Aragall %K 3H %K co-creation %K design %K design for all %K health %K HUMBLES %K ICT %K innovation %K living labs %K LUPI %K methodologies %K service prototyping %K services %K social care %K urban design %K user-centred approaches %X The European Union has identified innovation as a key driver behind business competitiveness and responsive governance. However, innovation in and of itself may not be sufficient to help businesses bring new products to market and to help governments shape public services that meet the real needs of citizens. The Integrating Design for All in Living Labs (IDeALL) project sought to identify and test methodologies for designing with users in real-life settings. The results of the experiments showed how different methodologies can be applied in different contexts, helping to provide solutions to societal issues and to create products and services that genuinely meet user requirements. In this article, we describe the methodologies used in the IDeALL project and provide examples of the project's experiments and case studies across four main areas: i) services; ii) health and social care; iii) information and communication technology; and iv) urban design. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 50-59 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/793 %N 5 %1 Design for All Foundation Madeleine Gray is the former Communication Manager at the Design for All Foundation. She has worked in the area of universal design for several years, having previously worked as Head of Knowledge Development at the Centre for Accessible Environments where she was editor of the inclusive-design journal Access by Design. Based in Barcelona, the Foundation works to compile and disseminate information in the area of design for all, as well as to recognise examples of best practice through its annual awards scheme and Flag of Towns and Cities for All. %2 IDeALL Mikaël Mangyoku is the Living Lab Project Manager for the Campus Manufacture Plaine Achille near the Cité du design and the European Project Manager for IDeALL. He has an Innovation Project Management and Industrial Design Master's degree from Strate College in Sèvres, France. He is both an engineer and a designer, and his research compares and analyses user-centred methodologies. %3 i2cat Foundation Artur Serra has been Deputy Director of the i2cat Foundation in Catalonia, Spain, since its creation in 2003. In 2006, he started from i2cat the project Anella Cultural (Cultural Ring), which connects the cultural community from five cities in Barcelona and Catalonia to a future Internet media infrastructure. He is a founding member of the European Network of Living Labs, and he organizes public-private-citizens partnerships fostering open innovation projects in Spain, such as Citilab.eu. %4 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Laia Sánchez is responsible for the Social Media Lab at Citilab and is Assistant Professor of Comunication Sciences Faculty in the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. %# Design for All Foundation Francesc Aragall is President of the Design for All Foundation in Barcelona, Spain, and Director of ProAsolutions, a consultancy company for urban and infrastructures design and strategic planning. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/793 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Linking Living Lab Characteristics and Their Outcomes: Towards a Conceptual Framework %A Carina Veeckman %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K co-creation %K innovation ecosystem %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user involvement %X Despite almost a decade of living lab activity all over Europe, there still is a lack of empirical research into the practical implementation and the related outcomes of living labs. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to create a better understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of living labs. We investigate three living labs in Belgium and one in Finland to learn how the different building blocks of living lab environments contribute to the outputs of innovation projects launched within the lab. The findings imply that managers and researchers contemplating innovation in living labs need to consider the intended inputs and outcomes, and reframe their innovation activities accordingly. We formulate practical guidelines on how living labs should be managed on the levels of community interaction, stakeholder engagement, and methodological setup to succeed in implementing living lab projects and to create user-centred innovations. That way, living lab practitioners can work towards a more sustainable way of setting up living labs that can run innovation projects over a longer period of time. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-15 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/748 %N 12 %1 iMinds Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform (FLELLAP), which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, and the willingness to share location information when using these applications. %2 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman is a Senior Researcher at the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and is responsible for the methodology of living lab projects facilitated by iMinds iLab.o. His involvement in living labs started in 2010 with the Mediatuin and LeYLab living labs. To date, he has managed over 30 concrete living lab projects that deal with new media and innovative use of ICT. He is currently finishing his PhD on living labs at Ghent University in Belgium. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/748 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Servitization in a Security Business: Changing the Logic of Value Creation %A Arto Rajala %A Mika Westerlund %A Mervi Murtonen %A Kim Starck %K co-creation %K customer value creation %K objectification %K products %K security %K services %K servitization %K value provision %X How can a firm change its value-creation logic from providing technology to selling technology-based services? This is a question many security companies face today when trying to apply a solutions-based business model in response to recent macro- and microeconomic trends. The fact that customers increasingly demand security as a service, rather than technical equipment, challenges the basis of a security firm's value provision and alters the logic of its operation. In this article, we investigate a technology- and product-oriented security business that is now rapidly transforming into a service business. We use data from a case study to propose a 4C model (conceptualization, calculation, communication, and co-creation of value) that can help security providers to objectify their service offerings and succeed in the servitization of their security businesses. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 65-72 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/718 %N 8 %1 Aalto University Arto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Researcher in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. Arto's current research interests include business networks, business marketing, business-to-business service development, and innovation ecosystems. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Mervi Murtonen is a senior scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Her research interests include risk assessment practices, security management systems and contracted security services. Mervi holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Currently, she is finalizing her doctoral thesis on supplier-perceived customer value in business-to-business security services. %4 Stanley Security Finland Kim Starck is a Sales and Security Director at Stanley Security Finland. He has strong experience in sales, sales management, as well as security and quality management. Kim has broad understanding of business operations and operations management, and he holds a Professional Master of Security (MBA) degree from Aalto University, Finland. He has been actively involved in process and solution development at Stanley Security. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/718 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Technology Adoption by Design: Insights for Entrepreneurs %A Stoyan Tanev %K activity theory %K actor-network theory %K co-creation %K customer creativity %K innovation %K invention %K technology adoption %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 39-41 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/752 %N 12 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Center for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics (jointly by the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, 1996), a PhD in Theology (University of Sofia, Bulgaria, 2012), an MEng in Technology Innovation Management (Carleton University, Canada, 2005) and a MA (University of Sherbrooke, Canada, 2009). He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is member of the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/752 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Designing Viable Business Models for Living Labs %A Bernhard Katzy %K business excellence model %K business models %K co-creation %K living labs %X Over 300 regions have integrated the concept of living labs into their economic development strategy since 2006, when the former Finnish Prime Minister Esko Aho launched the living lab innovation policy initiative during his term of European presidency. Despite motivating initial results, however, success cases of turning research into usable new products and services remain few and uncertainty remains on what living labs actually do and contribute. This practitioner-oriented article presents a business excellence model that shows processes of idea creation and team mobilization, new product development, user involvement, and entrepreneurship through which living labs deliver high-potential investment opportunities. Customers of living labs are identified as investors such as venture capitalists or industrial firms because living labs can generate revenue from them to create their own sustainable business model. The article concludes that living labs provide extensive support “lab” infrastructure and that it remains a formidable challenge to finance it, which calls for a more intensive debate. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 19-24 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/604 %N 9 %1 University BW Munich Bernhard R. Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at the University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in The Netherlands. He is founder and director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). Bernhard was invited to be the keynote speaker at the launch event of the European Living Lab movement in December 2006, is leading the knowledge-worker living lab (one of the first wave of living labs), and is founding member of ENoLL, the association of living labs. He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering and business management. He holds a PhD in industrial management from University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen in Germany and a second Ph.D. (Habilitation) in general management and technology management from University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interest is about entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/604 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Living Labs %A Chris McPhee %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K co-creation %K innovation %K living labs %K Open innovation %K user innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-5 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/601 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/601 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T From Business Administration to Business Creation: The Case of the Kalevala Global Business Creation School %A Marko Seppä %K business creation %K business school %K co-creation %K entrepreneurship %K knowledge investing %K Open innovation %K university %X Are there any businesses left to administer? The question is of course rhetorical and aimed at underscoring how several societies are more severely in need of creators of new businesses than managers of established ones. And yet, nearly all universities only produce masters of business administration, at best. Apart from theoretical research about business creation, and the education of masters of such research, universities are generally not equipped to produce knowledge for business creation or to produce masters of business creation. This conceptual article calls for a new, complementary approach to research and education, around the theme of global business creation. Due to the limitations and restrictions related to the traditions and practices of the science of business administration, where the means justify the ends, a new exploratory field coined as the “Art of Business Creation,” where the end justifies the means, is being explored for some inspiration. For a concrete solution, the concept of a globally distributed, enterprise-centric, entrepreneurial-faculty-driven, open-innovation-based, and social-media-empowered university entity is depicted in this article. It is a new-generation private-public-partnership and “Living Lab 2.0” referred to as Kalevala Global Business Creation School. The conceptualization draws from observations and action research during the Global Venture Lab Finland experiment at the University of Jyväskylä from 2007 to 2011. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 6-11 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/562 %N 6 %1 Global Enabler Marko Seppä is “serial co-creator” and knowledge investor specialized in growth venture creation. He was apprenticed as venture capitalist by Panostaja Group, in Finland in the late 1980s. Since 1991, he has led the co-creation of three enabler organizations: FVC, a pioneering venture capital firm for the emerging markets of Russia and the Baltic countries; eBRC, an ambitious e-business research center for a local pilot of eEurope; and GVL Finland, a global venture lab experiment for University Alliance Finland. He holds an MSc in Management from the University of Tampere and a PhD in Corporate Strategy from the University of Jyväskylä. He is currently engaged in the co-creation of Global Enabler: A community, platform and factory of enablers of global business creation for problems worth solving. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/562 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Living Labbing the Rotterdam Way: Co-Creation as an Enabler for Urban Innovation %A Ingrid Mulder %K co-creation %K contextual research %K design techniques %K living methodologies %K participatory design %X The living lab concept seems appropriate to study the design and evaluation of innovative services that enrich everyday life. This article elaborates on “living methodologies”, methods and tools necessary in "living labbing". Living methodologies address the social dynamics of everyday life that are essential for understanding living labs, not only conceptually, but also as mature methodologies for fostering innovation in real-life contexts. We report on three cases from Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where "living labbing" was used to enable citizens to co-develop their city. These cases utilized visual ethnography as a research method and prototyping and co-creating as design tools. The cases not only inspire citizen participation, but also inform social innovation and city’s policymaking. The user-driven approach, do-it-yourself mindset, and the participatory character perfectly fit with the down-to-earth attitude of Rotterdam residents. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 39-43 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/607 %N 9 %1 Delft University of Technology Ingrid Mulder is Associate Professor of Design Techniques at ID-StudioLab, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, and she is a research professor at Creating 010, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. She received her MA in Policy and Organization Sciences from the University of Tilburg, and she received her PhD degree from the University of Twente in the Faculty of Behavior Sciences. In 2005, she headed the evaluation of the first Dutch living lab, “Kenniswijk”, which included over 116 innovative services experienced by 15,000 inhabitants having broadband Internet access. In the FP6 project CORELABS, she led the harmonization of methods and tools resulting in the establishment of the European Network of Living Labs. Her current research emphasizes open data, citizen participation, and responsible design for social cities of tomorrow. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/607 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Living Labs as Open-Innovation Networks %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %A Anna-Greta Nyström %K co-creation %K innovation %K living labs %K networks %K Open innovation %X Living labs bring experimentation out of companies’ R&D departments to real-life environments with the participation and co-creation of users, partners, and other parties. This study discusses living labs as four different types of networks characterized by open innovation: utilizer-driven, enabler-driven, provider-driven, and user-driven. The typology is based on interviews with the participants of 26 living labs in Finland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa. Companies can benefit from knowing the characteristics of each type of living lab; this knowledge will help them to identify which actor drives the innovation, to anticipate likely outcomes, and to decide what kind of role they should play while "living labbing". Living labs are networks that can help them create innovations that have a superior match with user needs and can be upscaled promptly to the global market. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 6-11 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/602 %N 9 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Åbo Akademi University Anna-Greta Nyström, D. Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland. Anna-Greta holds a doctoral degree in International Marketing from the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University. Her doctoral research focused on industry change in the Finnish telecommunications sector, with a special focus on technological convergence. Anna-Greta’s current research interests include business-to-business branding, consumer behaviour in high-tech industries, and changing media-consumption patterns. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/602