%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Discovery and Validation of Business Models: How B2B Startups can use Business Experiments %A Patrick Brecht %A Daniel Hendriks %A Anja Stroebele %A Carsten H. Hahn %A Ingmar Wolff %K B2B Startup %K Business Experiment Design %K Business Experiments %K business model %K Customer Development Process %K Four-Step Iterative Cycle %K Growth Hacking %K lean startup %X Startups searching for a business model face uncertainty. This research aims to demonstrates how B2B startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business model's desirability quickly and cost-effectively. The research study follows a design science approach by focusing on two main steps: build and evaluate. We first created a B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework based on well-known earlier frameworks. After that, we applied the framework to the case of the German startup heliopas.ai. The framework consists of four steps (1) implementation of a measurement system, (2) hypothesis development and prioritization, (3) discovery, and (4) validation. Within its application, we conducted business experiments, including online and offline advertisements, as well as interviews. This research contributes in several ways to the understanding of how B2B-startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business models: First, the designed B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework can serve as a guideline for company founders. Second, the results were used to improve the existing business model of the German B2B startup heliopas.ai. Finally, applying the framework allowed us to formulate design principles for creating business experiments. The design principles used in the study can be further tested in future studies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-31 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1426 %N 3 %1 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Patrick Brecht, M.Sc., works as a research associate at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences after completing his study in industrial engineering with a focus on sales. In addition to his passion for sales, he has a growing fascination for science and entrepreneurship. In his role as project manager at the xLab, Experimental Lab for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, he supports startups in the area of business model innovation. His focus lies in validating startup potential within the field of smart business experiments and platform business models. %2 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Daniel Hendriks, B.Sc., studied business administration and industrial engineering, focusing on service-oriented business model development at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. He works as a research associate at xLab of the University of Applied Sciences as an expert on B2B startup experimentation and Lean Startup. Besides his work, he is perusing a master’s degree at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in business administration and industrial engineering. %3 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Anja Ströbele, B.Sc., is a research associate of the xLab at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. Her main research interests are in the fields of innovation, platform business models, and experimentation. During her studies, she developed a passion for research and an interest in innovation and entrepreneurship from analyzing the factors that turn a user innovator into a social entrepreneur with the help of theories of planned behavior. Her current master’s degree focus is on marketing-finance that not only provides an understanding of the interface of these two disciplines, but also gives insights into design process models to create financial innovations. She currently works analyzing service management failures by applying probabilistic Bayesian modeling on collections of text documents. %4 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Carsten Hahn works as a director of research and innovation at SAP and additionally holds a professorship for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe. After studying business informatics at the University of Mannheim and doing his doctorate in Marketing at the University of Mainz, he began his career as an assistant to the executive board of SAP. Carsten serves as a visiting lecturer at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his academic work, he founded the xLab, which deals with entrepreneurship and innovation concepts in research, teaching, and practical application. %# heliopas.ai Ingmar Wolff, M.Sc., is always passionate about innovation and entrepreneurship, has founded two startups, and financed his studies with a sales business. He completed his studies in industrial engineering with a focus on entrepreneurship and computer science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Afterwards, he consulted for startups on product-market fit and technology at the SAP startup incubator “innoWerft”. After working at KIT as a research associate in the domain of automated machine learning, he founded his current company heliopas.ai GmbH, which provides AI-powered irrigation advice to farmers. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1426 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Digitalization, Internationalization and Scaling of Online SMEs %A Mika Westerlund %K business model %K digitalization %K internationalization %K scaling %K SME %X While small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly required to look for growth beyond their national markets, the increasing digitalization of the global economy provides them with ample opportunities for internationalization. However, many SMEs are unable to internationalize digitally because they were not initially designed to scale that way, and managing business model scaling in the online environment is challenging. In response to this, the current study applies a quantitative descriptive analysis of survey data on business adoption of digital technologies by 535 Canadian online-based SMEs. The aim is to understand, 1) how internationally-oriented online SMEs differ in terms of their digitalization from those focused on domestic markets, and 2) how these differences are related to the companies’ business model for scaling internationally. The results show that internationally-oriented online SMEs differ from their domestically-oriented peers, in terms of a higher degree in the 1) use of information systems, 2) extent of value networks, 3) emphasis on key internal resources, and, 4) dealing with cybersecurity issues. The study contributes to the literature by suggesting that online SMEs willing to scale internationally through digitalization need to develop a set of capabilities in regard to partnering, customer relationship, and business process management, as well as investing in information and communication (ICT) resources and cyber resilience. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 48-57 %8 04/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1346 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %& 48 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1346 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Editorial: Insights (December 2020) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K 5G technology; Bitcoin %K blockchain %K business model %K business model innovation %K crypto assets %K cryptocurrencies %K Diem %K Diem Association %K digital currency %K distributed ledger technology %K Facebook %K fiat currencies %K financial inclusion %K Financial industry %K front-end %K ideation %K innovation %K Libra %K local currencies %K Management Model %K not-for-profit %K research center %K strategic foresight %K strategy %K technology firms; project portfolio management %K tokenization; product innovativeness %K visioning %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 3-3 %8 12/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1410 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program, as well as previously at the Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems (2010-2011). He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1410 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Business Model Architecture by Design %A Ronald C. Beckett %A John Dalrymple %K activity theory %K architecture %K business model %K business networks %K design %K dynamic capabilities %K ISO/IEC 42010 %K multiple viewpoints %K relationship matrix %K strategy %K Zachman framework %X In this article, we view business models as complex deal-making activity systems organized to create, deliver, and capture value. Unlike some other viewpoints, we emphasize both system components and their interconnection. Business activities are carried out by a network of actors drawing on a network of resources, and individual firms seek to configure these intersecting networks to enhance their competitive positioning. The business model literature refers to the significance of antecedent activities in providing context – opportunities the firm decides to pursue, the strategy adopted, and requisite capabilities. Drawing on this literature, we propose an approach to framing business model context. Drawing on the information systems literature, we identify a toolkit facilitating activity system architecture design. We suggest how this both draws out the underlying complexity of a business model and shows how a multiplicity of views makes sense. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 16-27 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1252 %N 7 %1 Swinburne University of Technology Ron Beckett is an industry practitioner with more than 30 years of experience in the implementation of creative change and innovation management in Aerospace and Manufacturing. He frequently works at the academia–industry interface, with a focus on Learning to Compete. Ron is an Adjunct Professor at Swinburne University, and he has held similar appointments at several other universities. He has authored or co-authored more than 100 conference papers, journal articles, and book chapters related to the pursuit of best practice in extracting value from innovative ideas, knowledge management, and effective collaboration implementation. %2 Swinburne University of Technology John Dalrymple holds a BA (Hons) from the University of Stirling and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland where he worked with the Scottish Enterprise Foundation to improve the performance of small and medium-sized companies. He was Founding Director of the Centre for Management Quality Research at RMIT University. John, the staff, and students of the Centre were regular recipients of “Best Paper” awards at international conferences. His publications have attracted more than 1100 citations to date. John was the Editor of the Quality Assurance in Education journal from 2003 until 2019. He has supervised over 20 PhD candidates to successful completion. In October 2018, John was presented with the J. M. Juran Award by the Australian Organisation for Quality. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1252 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T How to Create Value(s) in the Sharing Economy: Business Models, Scalability, and Sustainability %A Aurélien Acquier %A Valentina Carbone %A David Massé %K business model %K scalability %K sharing economy %K sustainability %K value creation %K value distribution %X By organizing peer-to-peer exchanges and promoting access over ownership, the sharing economy is transforming a great variety of sectors. Enjoying fast growth, the sharing economy is an umbrella term encompassing heterogeneous initiatives that create different types of economic, environmental, or social value. This heterogeneity triggers tensions and intense disputes about the perimeter of the field. Do Airbnb and Uber belong to the sharing economy? How do we consider practices such as gifting, renting, and swapping that existed before the sharing economy boom? To sort out this complexity, we have adopted a pragmatic and grounded approach examining 27 initiatives that claim to be part of, or are perceived as emblematic of the sharing economy. We develop a typology of sharing economy business models revealing four configurations: shared infrastructure providers, commoners, mission-driven platforms, and matchmakers. Each configuration exhibits specific value-creation logics, scalability issues, sustainability impacts, and potential controversies. Our results provide guidance for sharing entrepreneurs, for established businesses that want to embrace the principles of the sharing economy, and for public actors wishing to regulate or support the field. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-24 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1215 %N 2 %1 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus Aurélien Acquier is a Professor in the Management Department at ESCP Europe, Paris Campus. He teaches corporate strategy and organizational dynamics. He is the Scientific Co-Director of the ESCP Europe - Deloitte Chair on Circular Economy. In collaboration with various national and multinational companies, his research focuses on the relationships between sustainable development, corporate strategy, and institutional change. %2 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus Valentina Carbone is a Professor in the Information and Operations Management Department at ESCP Europe, Paris Campus. She teaches supply-chain management and sustainable business models. She is the Scientific Co-Director of the ESCP Europe - Deloitte Chair on Circular Economy. Her research deals with sustainable supply-chain management, sharing and circular economy business models, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). %3 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus David Massé is an Associate Professor and Head of the Economics and Management Group at Télécom ParisTech, and he is a Researcher at Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (CNRS-UMR 9217). His main research interests are creative industries, the sharing economy, and digital innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1215 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Additive Manufacturing and Business Models: Current Knowledge and Missing Perspectives %A Christina Öberg %A Tawfiq Shams %A Nader Asnafi %K 3D printing %K additive manufacturing %K business model %K literature review %X Additive manufacturing, that is 3D printing technology, may change the way companies operate their businesses. This article adopts a business model perspective to create an understanding of what we know about these changes. It summarizes current knowledge on additive manufacturing within management and business research, and it discusses future research directions in relation to business models for additive manufacturing. Using the scientific database Web of Science, 116 journal articles were identified. The literature review reveals that most research concerns manufacturing optimization. A more holistic view of the changes that additive manufacturing may bring about for firms is needed, as is more research on changed value propositions, and customer/sales-related issues. The article contributes to previous research by systematically summarizing additive manufacturing research in the business and management literature, and by highlighting areas for further investigation related to the business models of individual firms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 15-33 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1162 %N 6 %1 Örebro University Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University in Sweden, and she is also associated with The Ratio Institute, the University of Exeter, and Leeds University. She has a background from Linköping University and Lund University and has also been a visiting scholar at Stanford University, the University of Bath, and Manchester University. Her research interests concern mergers and acquisitions, customer relationships, innovations, and new ways to pursue business including the sharing economy and effects of additive manufacturing. She has previously published in such journals as the Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, International Marketing Review, the European Journal of Marketing, and Production Planning & Control. %2 Örebro University Tawfiq Shams is a PhD candidate in Business Model Innovation (Additive Manufacturing) at Örebro University in Sweden. He works in parallel as a business consultant in the area of additive manufacturing, and his doctoral thesis deals with business model changes as the result of additive manufacturing. He holds a Master’s degree from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. %3 Örebro University Nader Asnafi is a Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Örebro University in Sweden. He has an industrial background including many years at leading positions within Volvo, Uddeholm, Sapa, and Esselte Dymo. His research interests include industrial effectiveness, product planning and realization, materials, product and production development, and manufacturing engineering and systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1162 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Approach for a Pattern-Based Development of Frugal Innovations %A Anne-Christin Lehner %A Christian Koldewey %A Jürgen Gausemeier %K business model %K emerging markets %K frugal innovations %K patterns %K products and services %X Emerging markets have become increasingly interesting for companies from industrialized countries, but the requirements in these markets differ dramatically from those in the companies’ traditional markets. New products and services are demanded – so-called frugal innovations. Since the challenges for the development of frugal innovations are often quite similar – for example, low income of the target customer, poor infrastructure, etc. – the hypothesis appears that the solutions will also be similar. In our earlier TIM Review article (Lehner & Gausemeier, 2016), we showed how solution patterns for frugal innovations can be derived. The article at hand summarizes those findings and supplements an innovation process for frugal innovation using the solution patterns. The validation based on the example of telemedical assistant systems shows the benefit of the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. The article addresses managers and engineers who plan to introduce frugal innovations, as well as university-based researchers interested in the development of frugal innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 14-27 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1149 %N 4 %1 Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA Anne-Christin Lehner (Dr.-Ing.) is employed by Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA in the field of Operations Strategy & Capacity Planning. She studied Industrial Engineering with a focus on Electrical Engineering at the University of Paderborn, Germany, and the University of Ottawa, Canada. Until 2016, Anne-Christin was a Research Associate of Professor Gausemeier at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn. Her main focus was on strategic planning and innovation management. %2 University of Paderborn Christian Koldewey (M.Sc.) is a Research Associate at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in the team strategic planning and innovation management within the working group strategic product planning and systems engineering at the chair of Professor Gausemeier. His research topics are digital service innovation, business and diversification strategy as well as business model generation. Previously, he studied Mechanical Engineering with a focus on manufacturing technology at the University of Paderborn and the Bielefeld University of Applied Science in Germany. %3 University of Paderborn Jürgen Gausemeier (Prof. Dr.-Ing.) is a Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany, and is Chairman of the Board of the Leading Edge Cluster “Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it’s OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is Initiator and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consulting company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been a member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and, since 2012, has been its Vice President. In 2014, Jürgen received the Medal of Honor from the academic society “Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Produktentstehung (WiGeP)”. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1149 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation %A Ferhat Demir %K business model %K innovation %K maturity model %K strategic management %X Even though strategic management is highly critical for all types of organizations, only a few maturity models have been proposed in the business literature for the area of strategic management activities. This article updates previous studies and presents a new conceptual model for assessing the maturity of strategic management in any organization. The Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation (S3M-i) is composed of six maturity levels with seven dimensions. The main contribution of the S3M-i is to put innovation into the agenda of strategic management. The main objective of this study is to propose a model to align innovation with business strategies. This article suggests that innovation (new breakthrough products/services and business models) is the only way of creating sustainable growth, and strategy studies cannot ignore this aspect. Maturity models should embrace innovation to respond to the dynamic business environment and rapidly changing customer behaviours. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 13-21 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1196 %N 11 %1 Ferhat Demir is a management lecturer, trainer, and consultant. He studied Industrial Engineering at the Sakarya University in Adapazarı, Turkey. He received his Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Kennesaw State University and his Master of Public Policy (MPP) degree from Georgia State University in the United States. His fields of expertise and research interests include strategic management, innovation strategies, competitiveness, business models, and organizational design. He has diverse experience with large corporations, SMEs, non-profit organizations, and governmental institutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1196 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Value Creation in the Internet of Things: Mapping Business Models and Ecosystem Roles %A Heini Ikävalko %A Petra Turkama %A Anssi Smedlund %K business model %K ecosystem %K Internet of Things %K role %K value co-creation %X The increasing connectivity provided by the Internet of Things (IoT) supports novel business opportunities for actors in overlapping service systems. Therefore, the co-creative nature of IoT business needs to be further studied. This article reports an empirical study on a European IoT initiative. It contributes to the understudied area of IoT ecosystem dynamics by describing different actor roles and activities in the IoT use cases, and their implications for value creation in IoT ecosystems. Our findings show how IoT ecosystem actors may take the roles of ideator, designer, or intermediary in different IoT design layers, and we recommend this perspective to better understand and describe ecosystem business models. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-15 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1142 %N 3 %1 Aalto University Heini Ikävalko holds a Doctor of Science degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology’s Department of Industrial Engineering and Management in Finland. She has worked as postdoctoral researcher at the Helsinki University of Technology and the Aalto University School of Science. Her current research at Aalto University’s School of Business Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research focuses on business models, innovation management, and strategy in the digital transformation. %2 Aalto University Petra Turkama is the Director of the Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) at Aalto University in Finland. She worked for Nokia in Finland and Germany for 10 years before moving to academia and receiving her PhD in Science from Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland. She is an active contributor to research and conferences in the area of service and technology management and innovation and entrepreneurship. She serves as an adjunct faculty to several universities in the United Arab Emirates. %3 Aalto University Anssi Smedlund is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) at Aalto University in Finland. He received his PhD in Industrial Engineering and Management from the Aalto School of Science. He has acted as a principal investigator in numerous service science and innovation management research projects and has held visiting positions at Tokyo Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley Haas School of Business. Dr. Smedlund has published various peer-reviewed publications in the journals, conferences, and books in the fields of knowledge management, service science, and information system science. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1142 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Designing a Business Model for Environmental Monitoring Services Using Fast MCDS Innovation Support Tools %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Teemu Räsänen %A Ulla Santti %A Ari Happonen %A Miika Kajanus %K business model %K data collection %K environmental monitoring %K MCDS %K open data %K service innovation %X The free availability of open data provides opportunities to start new businesses and gain business intelligence. However, although data is often used to support decisions and actions, the possibilities offered by modern sensor technologies with connections to cloud-based data collection services are not being effectively capitalized. Data collection systems are also not generally open source solutions, even though open and flexibly adjustable systems would broaden the opportunities for solutions and larger revenue streams. In this article, we used action research methods to discover new business opportunities in a semi-open information system that utilizes environmental monitoring data. We applied a four-stage innovation process for industry, which included context definition, idea generation, and selection, and produced multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) data to help the design of business model. This was done to reveal business opportunities for an environmental monitoring service. Among these opportunities, one service-style business model canvas was identified as feasible and selected for further development. We identified items that are needed in the commercialization process of environmental monitoring services. Our process combines open environmental monitoring data, participative innovation process, and MCDS support, and it supports and accelerates a co-creative business model creation process that is cost-beneficial in terms of saving time. The results are applicable to the creation of an open data information system that supports data-driven innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 36-46 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1119 %N 11 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business models development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %2 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Teemu Räsänen, D.Sc. (Tech), works as a Senior Lecturer at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences (UAS) in Finland. His background is in Environmental Technology, and his expertise and research interests include environmental informatics, environmental monitoring, data analysis, data mining and developing online monitoring systems. Within this context, his main focus is in the fields of water management, monitoring the impacts of industrial emissions, and waste management. He is also the head of Savonia UAS environmental technology degree program, which includes about 170 students annually. %3 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical fieldwork in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %4 Lappeenranta University of Technology Ari Happonen, DSc (Tech), is the Head of Computer Science Bachelor programme in the Lappeenranta University of Technology’s (LUT) School of Business and Management, Finland. Ari has been working at LUT for more than 15 years, participating in numerous RDI projects with Finnish and international companies in the contexts of international logistics services, consumer products industries, service development, innovation facilitations and mentoring, consultation, business development, mobile service development, construction industries, digitalization, public–private collaboration R&D efforts, and so on. Ari has a long history working as an intermediate and collaboration facilitator in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, innovation facilitation, development mentoring, teaching, and training and has also acted as the LUT Project Manager for the Akseli project, providing the base knowledge for this publication. %# Savonia University of Applied Sciences Miika Kajanus works as an RDI-liaison in Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. The role is in international RDI funding in Savonia’s focus areas related to food, water, health, industry, and bio products. The main tasks are to organize research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations. The work involves collaboration with scientists, SMEs, inventors, end users, and experts aiming in a straightforward way to implement innovations including all the phases starting from idea generation, conceptualization, business models development, and commercialization. Since 2004, he has been involved in more than 100 innovation commercialization projects, and he has more than twenty international research publications. He is one of the creators of the InTo innovation tool. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1119 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Effects of Business Model Development Projects on Organizational Culture: A Multiple Case Study of SMEs %A Ulla Santti %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Kaija Villman %A Ari Happonen %K business model %K business model canvas %K competing values framework %K development project %K organizational culture %K service design %K SME %X Previous research has shown that links between organizational culture and innovativeness/performance may act as a “social glue” that helps a company develop organizational culture as a competitive advantage. In this study of three case companies, the organizational culture change due business model development projects is studied using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) tool and interviews with respondents about discovered changes. To reveal intervention and implied effects between business model development project and organizational culture changes, we used CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and outcome) to bridge practice and theory by explanatory, backward-looking research. Our case studies of companies in relatively short-duration business model development projects indicate that organizational culture may have some dynamic characteristics, for example, an increase of the adhocracy organizational type in all case companies or an increase in the hierarchical leadership type in one case company. Thus, the development of an organizational culture type can be partly controlled. Our results also indicated business model development projects do have a minor effect on organizational culture, even when development activities have not been put fully into practice. However, the more comprehensively business model development project activities have been put into practice, the larger the effect on organizational culture. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 15-26 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1096 %N 8 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical field work in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %2 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business model development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %4 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Kaija Villman, MMus in Arts Management, works as a Project Manager at the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Small Business Center (SBC), Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 7 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects in the fields of creative industries, service development, and digitalization. She is experienced in coordinating interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and training and she acted as the Project Manager for the PaKe Savo Project. %# Lappeenranta University of Technology Ari Happonen, DSc (Tech) is Head of Computer Science Bachelor programme in Innovation and Software at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. Ari has been working for the LUT for more than 15 years, participating in numerous RDI projects with Finnish and international companies in the contexts of international logistics services, consumer products industries, service development, consultation, business development, mobile services, construction industries, digitalization, and so on. Ari has a long history working as an intermediate and collaboration facilitator in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, innovation facilitation, development mentoring, teaching, and training and has also acted as the LUT Project Manager for the Akseli project. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1096 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Improving Internal Communication Management in SMEs: Two Case Studies in Service Design %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Kaija Villman %A Ulla Santti %K business model %K internal communication management %K participative process %K service design %K stakeholder involvement %K training %X Effective information management is a success factor for business growth, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in transferring knowledge and information from one organizational unit to another. In this study of two case companies, participative business model development processes were designed to identify challenges and solutions in internal communication management. A service design approach based on CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and output) showed that the participative business model technique and process can identify problems and challenges in internal communication management, as well as in the prioritization of actions. The process is a creative service design process including both divergent and convergent phases. The process increased motivation among personnel to find solutions, encouraged communication, and created joint understanding on how to solve problems. The technique helped to bring tacit information into use. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 16-24 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1081 %N 6 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business models development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Kaija Villman, MMus in Arts management, works as a Project Manager at the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Small Business Center, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 7 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects in the fields of creative industries, service development, and digitalization. She is experienced in coordinating interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and training and she acted as the Project Manager for the PaKe Savo Project. %4 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical field work in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1081 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Audience Commodification: A Source of Innovation in Business Models %A Datis Khajeheian %K audience commodification %K business model %K innovation %K technology entrepreneurship %K value marketing %X This article reports on a research project aimed at developing a business model by changing the value-creation mechanism. The essence of this change is to persuade customers to perform actions in favour of the service provider. Such actions include responding to advertising clips to unlock value. The business model was generated from the concept of audience commodification and is based on the idea of looking at users as a source of a tradeable asset in business-to-business markets. Here, attention and actions are the assets that users pay to access the proposed value. The research includes two phases of surveys and experimentation. In the first phase, the tendency and acceptance level of users towards watching advertisements to unlock value are measured. In the next phase, a platform prototype is developed to test and understand user actions towards receiving value. The sample includes 52 users of different nationalities who were seeking relationships on an online dating platform. Results revealed that users accept advertising and will perform requested actions if they can perceive the delivered value. Practical implications of this research include insights to help move away from the current “view-based” advertising model toward new models of partnership with users in the value-creation process. This research may also stimulate further research into developing sustainable business models based on advertising revenue. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 40-47 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1010 %N 8 %1 Aalborg University Datis Khajeheian is a lecturer in the Center for Communication, Media and Information Technologies in Aalborg University of Denmark. He earned his PhD in Media Management and his MA in Entrepreneurship with a specialty in New Venture Creation. Datis is Head of the special interest group of “Emerging Media Markets” in the European Media Management Association. His mission is to lead academic and practical research to understand the emergence of new markets and opportunities in niche areas for international media companies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1010 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven Intellectual Property Management %A Daniel Eckelt %A Christian Dülme %A Jürgen Gausemeier %A Simon Hemel %K business model %K competitive advantage %K competitive arena %K Innovation management %K intellectual capital %K intellectual property %K value proposition %X Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis – rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company’s IP portfolio. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 34-47 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1003 %N 7 %1 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Daniel Eckelt (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are Industrie 4.0, strategic IP management, and innovation management in multi-stakeholder organizations. In this field, he is working in numerous research and industry projects as wells as in political and social consulting. %2 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Christian Dülme (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working of group strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are future scenarios for Industrie 4.0, potential identification, and product strategy, particularly the reconfiguration of product portfolios. In these fields, he is working in numerous research and industry projects. %3 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Jürgen Gausemeier is a Senior Professor in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and was a member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is the initiator and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of acatech, the German Academy of Science and Engineering and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %4 Simon Hemel (MSc) works in the field of technical controlling for one of the world's leading manufacturers of slewing bearings. After an apprenticeship as a Management Assistant in IT systems at a German telecommunications company, Simon studied industrial engineering with focus on innovation and development management and controlling at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His master's thesis in the field of Intellectual Property Management was carried out in cooperation with the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and a German medical-technology company, which is a world market leader in the field of exo-prosthetics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Framework for Sustainable Circular Business Model Innovation %A Maria Antikainen %A Katri Valkokari %K business canvas %K business model %K case study %K circular economy %K innovation %K sustainability %X The circular economy concept is a novel economic model aiming to foster sustainable economic growth, boost global competitiveness, and generate new jobs. In order to make the circular economy mainstream, radical and systemic innovation is needed. Currently, a majority of the business modelling tools and methods lack at least some of the identified and needed elements for innovating business models in a circular economy. In this article, we build a framework for sustainable circular business model innovation by adding important perspectives: recognizing trends and drivers at the ecosystem level; understanding value to partners and stakeholders within a business; and evaluating the impact of sustainability and circularity. We present the results of a case study with a startup company, which was designed to test the framework and provide a concrete example of its usage and future development needs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-12 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1000 %N 7 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Maria Antikainen is a Senior Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. She is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at Tampere University of Technology, where she specializes in innovation in business networks. Maria’s main research areas are the circular economy and sustainable business models and new business opportunities enabled by the Internet of Things. During her 14 years of experience in research, Maria has been initiating, conducting, and managing numerous research and development projects with research partners, companies, and public funding organizations such as Tekes and the European Union. Maria holds a PhD in Technology Management from the Tampere University of Technology (2011) and a PhD in Marketing from the University of Tampere (2007). %2 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari is a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, innovation management, and sustainability. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1000 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Pattern-Based Approach to the Development of Frugal Innovations %A Anne-Christin Lehner %A Jürgen Gausemeier %K business model %K developing markets %K emerging markets %K frugal innovations %K market service %K pattern catalogue %K pattern system %K solution patterns %X The economic rise of emerging markets induces a rapid growth of the global middle class. This new mass market demands products and services adapted to the needs of the local population – so called "frugal innovations". Engineers often face similar challenges while developing products and services for these markets, and therefore may develop similar solutions. By the abstraction of these solutions to transferrable solution patterns, the efficiency of the development process could be increased. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to develop a pattern system for frugal innovations. Based on 29 selected frugal innovations, we derived the problems that led to the development of the analyzed frugal innovations. By categorizing these problems, we deduced six problem categories: education, environment, culture, infrastructure, regulation, and finance. We stripped down the solutions to these problems to their core principles, and in our subsequent analysis, we identified 56 solution patterns. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between the abstracted solution patterns, problem areas, and frugal innovations. By using a pattern-based approach, the efficiency of the product development process could be improved significantly. As well, patterns may generate new impetus and increase creativity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 13-21 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/971 %N 3 %1 University of Paderborn Anne-Christin Lehner (Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing.) is a Research Associate at the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering Workgroup at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Paderborn, Germany. She studied industrial engineering with a major in Electrical Engineering at the University of Paderborn and at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa in Canada. Her major research areas are strategic planning and innovation management. Some of her project topics were the development of business models for telemedical assistant systems and the development and implementation of segment strategies for a huge manufacturing company. She is currently writing her dissertation about the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. %2 University of Paderborn Jürgen Gausemeier is Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen Gausemeier is the initiator and chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/971 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Creativity Canvas: A Business Model for Knowledge and Idea Management %A Raouf Naggar %K business model %K business model canvas %K communities %K creativity %K ecosystem %K ideas %K knowledge %K R&D %K research institute %K technological innovation %X Innovation depends on ideas generated through creativity and the knowledge and research that make it possible to put ideas to work. However, these two activities are very dependent on the people who perform them. As demonstrated by a pilot project realized at Hydro-Québec’s research institute (IREQ), any approach that does not take this understanding into account is doomed to failure. This article proposes that what must be developed is a knowledge and idea management system designed as a coherent ecosystem that takes all controlling factors into account and is based on stakeholder interest and preferences. This ecosystem is the result of a meticulous design of each of the elements that must generally be taken into account in a business model. A business model approach includes not only developing a value proposition for knowledge and idea management that suits the target clientele but also a good understanding of the resources and activities required to deliver this value proposition and especially the ways to finance them. Key to the development of such an ecosystem is the creation of fully functional innovation communities, which are responsible for building up and nurturing their ideas and knowledge assets and getting value out of them. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 50-58 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/914 %N 7 %1 IREQ Raouf Naggar is Head of Strategic Development at Hydro-Québec’s Research Institute (IREQ), where he is responsible for strategic innovation and creativity. During his career at Hydro-Québec, he has worked as engineer and as researcher in various fields such as: generation and transmission systems planning, power systems reliability, customer service, energy efficiency, system analysis and management, as well as knowledge engineering. He is presently responsible for the institute’s Strategic Innovation Projects Portfolio, where upstream RDD is performed. He is also in charge of introducing idea management in the organization. Through this role at IREQ, he became an active participant in Mosaic, the Creativity and Innovation Hub at HEC Montréal. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/914 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Disrupting the Disrupter: Strategic Countermeasures to Attack the Business Model of a Coercive Patent-Holding Firm %A Derek Smith %K business model %K business model framework %K coercive patent holder %K countermeasures %K intellectual property %K non-practicing entity %K NPE %K patent %K patent arsenal %K patent office policy %K patent shark %K patent troll %X A coercive patent-holding firm operates a business model that strategically targets firms to force unforeseen patent licensing rents. Coercive patent holders use aggressive litigation tactics to instantaneously create a complicated asymmetrical expensive problem with significant business risk. The strategy creates a dominant position by leveraging legal and business pressure to force the targeted firm into an involuntarily engagement with a coercive patent-holding firm. Such engagements can be quite profitable for the patent holders – and quite devastating for targeted firms. Thus, this article attempts to synthesize a business model framework that reveals insights concerning the profit formula, key resources, and key processes that support the dominant position of coercive patent-holding firms. Based on this framework, we further synthesize countermeasures to disrupt these business model elements and diminish the dominant position. The insights and countermeasures reveal strategic options and tactics that can be leveraged against the business model of a coercive patent-holding firm to alter the dominant position and improve the business situation of the targeted firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-16 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/894 %N 5 %1 Geotab Inc. Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He is also the Vice President of Intellectual Property for Geotab Inc. and a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. He has over 25 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada, and Husky Injection Molding Systems, where he was Director of Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada, where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, for which he was awarded a Senate Medal for Outstanding Academic Achievement. Derek also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering, also from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/894 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Exploring the Benefits of Integrating Business Model Research within Living Lab Projects %A Olivier Rits %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Pieter Ballon %K business model %K collaboration %K innovation %K living labs %K user research %K value network %K value proposition %X Business model and living lab research both have similar objectives – to maximize the probability of successful market introduction of innovative solutions – be it through different means. Yet, there are still only few studies or reports discussing both, with those studies that do touch the subject staying at a high level. iMinds Living Labs has gained a lot of experience in combined living lab and business model innovation projects and, rather than being competing approaches, our results have shown that these two research methodologies can be complementary, where the combined approach turns out to be more powerful than each individual approach used alone. The goal of this article is to promote the inclusion of business model research in a model of "a living lab as a service" (and vice versa) by explaining the benefits and by introducing a practical framework to implement such combined research tracks based on the experience at iMinds Living Labs over the past few years. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 19-27 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/949 %N 12 %1 iMinds Olivier Rits graduated as an Engineer in Applied Physics from Ghent University in Belgium. Olivier joined Alcatel-Lucent as a business developer where he worked on the go2market strategy for innovative solutions, both on networking and applications. He joined iMinds in 2013, focusing on the intersection between technology, business, and innovation. Olivier leads the business model practice at the iMinds Living Labs, where he is responsible for the methodologies used and providing business support to startups, SMEs, and larger organizations. %2 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 iMinds Pieter Ballon is the Director of iMinds Living Labs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and a Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was senior consultant and team leader at TNO. In 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/949 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Viability Radar: A Practical Tool for Assessing the Viability of Transformative Service Innovations in a Healthcare Context %A Marikka Heikkilä %A Jouni Saarni %A Valtteri Kaartemo %A Aki Koponen %K business model %K ecosystem %K healthcare %K innovation %K institutionalization %K technology %K transformative service %K viability %K viability assessment %K viability radar %X This article develops and showcases the viability radar, which is designed to assess the innovation potential of transformative service ideas. Based on service research and innovation literature, we highlight the importance of novel simplifying technology, supporting value networks, cost-effective business models, and regulatory environments that enable the renewal of prevailing market practices. We operationalize the radar with a set of questions and assess the innovation potential of three pilot cases of new transformative healthcare services. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-30 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/895 %N 5 %1 University of Turku Marikka Heikkilä is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Turku, Finland. She has an interest in information systems, business models and business model innovation, and collaboration and coordination in business networks, especially with regard to services. Currently, she works for a Horizon2020 project (ENVISION) aiming at activating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across Europe to re-think and transform their business models with the help of an easy-to-use, open-access web platform. Marikka holds an MSc and a Licentiate of Science in Economics and Information Systems from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. She received her PhD from the Faculty of Information Technology at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. %2 University of Turku Jouni Saarni is a Development Manager in the Center for Collaborative Research at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. He plans and executes joint research projects in collaboration with different interest groups. Saarni has background in industry analyses, innovation studies, and regulation evaluations. His research interests relate to industry dynamics, market competition, and technological change. %3 University of Turku Valtteri Kaartemo (D.Sc.) is University Lecturer of Global Innovation Management at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. Apart from teaching, he is actively involved in various research projects around healthcare innovations and renewing business practices. His major interests can be found in the intersection of international entrepreneurship, service, network, and process research. He has presented his research findings in various conferences and journals worldwide, including the International Journal of Business Excellence, Idäntutkimus, and Форсайт. %4 University of Turku Aki Koponen is the Director and Founder of the Centre for Collaborative Research at Turku School of Economic, University of Turku, Finland. During the last 10 years, he has led over 50 interdisciplinary research, development, and consulting projects. Topics of the research include economic analysis of market competitiveness, effects of new legislation and regulation on competitiveness, competition in service industries, and market-based solutions for healthcare services. In addition to traditional competition policy issues, he has been in charge of several projects focused on innovation activity, industry dynamics, and strategic renewal, as well as regional development. He is also an active speaker and a regular commentator in regional and national media. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/895 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Conceptualizing Innovation in Born-Global Firms %A Erik Zijdemans %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K business model %K early internationalization %K Innovation management %K lean startup approach %X This article summarizes the insights from a systematic study of the research literature focusing on the innovation aspects of born-global firms – ventures that were launched to exploit a global niche from the earliest days of their operations. The authors provide a snapshot of opinions on the different aspects of innovation in the way they were conceptualized in the academic literature. The insights are based on a selection of 32 peer-reviewed journal articles addressing the different challenges associated with early internationalization and innovation in such ventures. The article emphasizes that the early internationalization of new ventures should be considered as an innovation process in itself and that innovation and internationalization have a positive effect on each other. In addition, it points out the role of knowledge acquisition and networking capabilities as key innovation enablers and refers to the emergence of the lean startup perspective on the innovation processes in born-global firms. The suggested insights will be relevant to researchers and practitioners interested in the relationship between early internationalization and innovation in international new ventures and lean global startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-10 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/826 %N 9 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik Alexander Zijdemans is a Master’s degree candidate in Product Development and Innovation with a focus on Global Supply Chain Development at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Additionally, he holds a BEng in Business Engineering from Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands. He has over two years of working experience in project management and employee safety management. Currently, he is conducting his research at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, focusing on the role of business development agencies in the support of early globalization in technology startups. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, global technology entrepreneurship, business model design and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, and he is a member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/826 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Designing Business Models for the Internet of Things %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K business model %K design tool %K ecosystem %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K value %K value design %X This article investigates challenges pertaining to business model design in the emerging context of the Internet of Things (IOT). The evolution of business perspectives to the IOT is driven by two underlying trends: i) the change of focus from viewing the IOT primarily as a technology platform to viewing it as a business ecosystem; and ii) the shift from focusing on the business model of a firm to designing ecosystem business models. An ecosystem business model is a business model composed of value pillars anchored in ecosystems and focuses on both the firm's method of creating and capturing value as well as any part of the ecosystem's method of creating and capturing value. The article highlights three major challenges of designing ecosystem business models for the IOT, including the diversity of objects, the immaturity of innovation, and the unstructured ecosystems. Diversity refers to the difficulty of designing business models for the IOT due to a multitude of different types of connected objects combined with only modest standardization of interfaces. Immaturity suggests that quintessential IOT technologies and innovations are not yet products and services but a "mess that runs deep". The unstructured ecosystems mean that it is too early to tell who the participants will be and which roles they will have in the evolving ecosystems. The study argues that managers can overcome these challenges by using a business model design tool that takes into account the ecosystemic nature of the IOT. The study concludes by proposing the grounds for a new design tool for ecosystem business models and suggesting that "value design" might be a more appropriate term when talking about business models in ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-14 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/807 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Aalto University Mervi Rajahonka, D. Sc. (Econ) is a Researcher at Aalto University's School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from Helsinki University. Mervi earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at the Aalto University. Her research interests include supply chain management, business models, modularity, processes, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/807 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Ecosystem Under Construction: An Action Research Study on Entrepreneurship in a Business Ecosystem %A Marikka Heikkilä %A Leni Kuivaniemi %K business ecosystems %K business model %K business networks %K health exercise %K wellbeing %X In recent years, we have seen increasing interest in new service concepts that take advantage of the capabilities of business ecosystems instead of single companies. In this article, we describe how a business ecosystem begins to develop around a service business idea proposed by an entrepreneur. We aim to recognize the different domains of players that are or should be involved in the ecosystem while it is under construction. The article concludes with an ecosystem model consisting of six sub-ecosystems having different change drivers and clockspeeds. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 18-24 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/564 %N 6 %1 University of Jyväskylä Marikka Heikkilä, PhD. Econ., is project manager at the University of Jyväskylä. She serves as a coordinator of several national and international projects. Her areas of interests are business networks, business models, and coordination of complex operations. Outside the university, she is an active entrepreneur. Previously, Marikka has worked as lecturer, assistant professor, and researcher at the Helsinki School of Economics and at the Faculty of IT at the University of Jyväskylä. %2 Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics Leni Kuivaniemi, PhD. Econ., is currently working as a project manager in the Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics (JSBE). She is also partner and manager in two growth ventures. Leni has strong experience in sales, entrepreneurship, and growth venturing, both in teaching and practice. Previously she has worked as an assistant professor and a program co-director at JSBE. Leni also holds a master's degree in law from the University of Helsinki. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/564