%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Urban Living Labs: Towards an Integrated Understanding of their Key Components %A Diana Chronéer %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %K definition %K innovation %K key components %K Living lab %K nature-based solutions %K NBS %K ULL %K UNaLab %K urban living lab %X In today’s ongoing urbanization and escalating climate change, there is an increasing demand on cities to be innovative and inclusive to handle these emerging issues. As an answer to these challenges, and in order to generate and adopt sustainable innovations and nature-based solutions in the urban areas, the concept of urban living labs has emerged. However, to date, there is confusion concerning the concept of the urban living lab and its key components. Some interpret the urban living lab as an approach, others as a single project, and some as a specific place – and some just do not know. In order to unravel this complexity and better understand this concept, we sought to identify the key components of an urban living lab by discussing the perspective of city representatives in the context of an urban living lab project. To achieve this goal, we reviewed previous literature on this topic and carried out two workshops with city representatives, followed by an open-ended questionnaire. In this article, we identify and discuss seven key components of an urban living lab: governance and management structure; financing models; urban context; nature-based solutions; partners and users (including citizens); approach; and ICT and infrastructure. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the urban living lab concept. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 50-62 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1224 %N 3 %1 Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. She teaches organizational development through IT and sustainable business models from a digital perspective. Her main research interests are in the areas of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. %2 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is the Chair Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research interests focus on the possibilities and challenges with the ongoing digital transformation for people, organizations, and society. In particular, she is interested in the citizen perspective when digital service innovations are developed within the context of urban living labs for smart cities and regions. Her research is related to different application areas such as smart cities and regions, crowdsourcing, everyday use, and online privacy. Her research has been published in several international journals, conference proceedings, and books. %3 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab context, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has experience teaching and supervising students at the undergraduate and postgraduate level and also serves as a reviewer in various international conferences and scientific journals. He has been involved in international innovation and research projects such as Privacy Flag and USEMP projects and is currently working in UNaLab and U4IoT projects, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1224 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Living Labs (December 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Mika Westerlund %A Eelko Huizingh %K analysis %K constructs %K cultural space %K definition %K ENoLL %K framework %K innovation %K ISPIM %K lean startup %K library %K living labs %K methodology %K stakeholder %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-6 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1200 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Pellervo Economic Research, Aalto University, and Carleton University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# University of Groningen Eelko Huizingh is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management and Director of the Innovation Centre of Expertise Vinci at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is founder of Huizingh Academic Development, offering workshops academic research and academic writing to increase the publishing performance of academics. He is also the Director of Scientific Affairs for the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). His academic research focuses on the intersection of innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing, and information technology. He has authored over 350 articles, has edited more than 30 special issues of journals, and has published several textbooks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1200 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Key Constructs and a Definition of Living Labs as Innovation Platforms %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Christ Habib %K constructs %K definition %K ENoLL %K innovation %K living labs %K platform %X Despite the growing popularity of using living labs as innovation platforms and the increasing scholarly attention toward the topic, still relatively little is known about many of their central characteristics. We use a qualitative research approach to identify key constructs of living labs and to understand how these constructs show up in the operation of living labs. So doing, we used theoretical constructs from the literature on user innovation, co-creation, and living labs to analyze a sample of membership applications to the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL). The results from the content analysis of 40 applications revealed nine key constructs that are characteristic to living labs: 1) objective, 2) governance, 3) openness, 4) stakeholders, 5) funding, 6) value, 7) communications, 8) infrastructure, and 9) methods. These key constructs provide new insight that helps us to provide a definition of living labs as innovation platforms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 51-62 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1205 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Pellervo Economic Research, Aalto University, and Carleton University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 Carleton University Christ Habib is an MASc graduate from the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering. Christ has experience working in the public and private sectors, working closely with clients and managing large-scale projects; he has been offering management-consulting services for SMEs; and he is currently a systems engineer at General Dynamics. He is passionate about business development; systems, processes, operations, marketing, and analytics; and understanding user/client needs for innovation development. He was awarded the engagement leadership award by popular vote through the Mindtrust program for his facilitation skills in managing collaborative work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1205 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Transnational Entrepreneurship: Distinctive Features and a New Definition %A Eduardo Bailetti %K cross-border %K definition %K entrepreneurship %K features %K topic modelling %K transnational %X Definitions of transnational entrepreneurship are too general making it difficult to understand what distinguishes transnational entrepreneurship from other forms of entrepreneurship. In addition, these definitions identify the “immigrant”, “ethnic”, or “migrant” entrepreneur as the focal actor rather than the company. This makes it difficult to align transnational entrepreneurship with the theory of the firm and provide practical insights to practitioners. This article examines 11 definitions of transnational entrepreneurship, discovers the groups of words that best represent the information in a corpus comprised of 44 journal articles, identifies the key features that distinguish transnational entrepreneurship from other forms of entrepreneurship, and advances a new definition of transnational entrepreneurship. The results indicate that transnational entrepreneurship has two key distinctive features: cross-border investment logic and institutional distance – the difference in institutional context between countries. Accordingly, transnational entrepreneurship may be usefully defined as “a cross-border investment to acquire, combine, and recombine specialized individuals and heterogeneous assets to create and capture value for the company under conditions of institutional distance and uncertainty”. This proposed definition builds on the features that make transnational entrepreneurship distinctive, is consistent with the theory of the firm, and carries implications for how to grow companies at an early stage. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 28-38 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1184 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Eduardo Bailetti is a graduate student undertaking a master’s degree in Entrepreneurship from the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BA in Economics, at Carleton University and has experience in industry as a manager and a venture founder. His research interests focus on combining and applying theory and practice to grow new ventures early, rapidly, and securely. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1184 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Defining Characteristics of Urban Living Labs %A Kris Steen %A Ellen van Bueren %K characteristics %K cities %K definition %K living labs %K TIM Review %K urban living labs %X The organization of supported and sustainable urban interventions is challenging, with multiple actors involved, fragmented decision-making powers, and multiple values at stake. Globally, urban living labs have become a fashionable phenomenon to tackle this challenge, fostering the development and implementation of innovation, experimentation, and knowledge in urban, real-life settings while emphasizing the important role of participation and co-creation. However, although urban living labs could in this way help cities to speed up the sustainable transition, urban living lab experts agree that, in order to truly succeed in these ambitious tasks, the way urban living labs are being shaped and steered needs further research. Yet, they also confirm the existing variation and opaqueness in the definition of the concept. This article contributes to conceptual clarity by developing an operationalized definition of urban living labs, which has been used to assess 90 sustainable urban innovation projects in the city of Amsterdam. The assessment shows that the majority of the projects that are labelled as living labs do not include one or more of the defining elements of a living lab. In particular, the defining co-creation and development activities were found to be absent in many of the projects. This article makes it possible to categorize alleged living lab projects and distill the “true” living labs from the many improperly labelled or unlabelled living labs, allowing more specific analyses and, ultimately, better targeted methodological recommendations for urban living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-33 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1088 %N 7 %1 Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions Kris Steen is a Research Fellow at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions and the Chair of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, where her academic work focuses on the design of concepts and strategies that produce and promote an urban environment that meets the demands of sustainability, such as “urban living labs”. In 2016, she graduated Cum Laude in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences at the Delft University of Technology. %2 Delft University of Technology Ellen van Bueren is Professor of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, Principal Investigator at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, and board member of the Leiden-Delft Erasmus Centre of Sustainability in the Netherlands. Her research and teaching focuses on the development of tangible concepts, tools, and principles for an integrated, area-centred approach to contemporary urban challenges. She is the author of scientific publications and a member of the editorial board of scientific journals in the field of policy management and urban development, and she teaches in various (inter)disciplinary educational settings for students and professionals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1088 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. What Are Living Labs? %A Seppo Leminen %K benefits %K definition %K innovation systems %K living labs %K Open innovation %K types %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 29-35 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/928 %N 9 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/928 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Defining Cybersecurity %A Dan Craigen %A Nadia Diakun-Thibault %A Randy Purse %K cybersecurity %K cyberspace %K definition %K interdisciplinary %K security %X Cybersecurity is a broadly used term, whose definitions are highly variable, often subjective, and at times, uninformative. The absence of a concise, broadly acceptable definition that captures the multidimensionality of cybersecurity impedes technological and scientific advances by reinforcing the predominantly technical view of cybersecurity while separating disciplines that should be acting in concert to resolve complex cybersecurity challenges. In conjunction with an in-depth literature review, we led multiple discussions on cybersecurity with a diverse group of practitioners, academics, and graduate students to examine multiple perspectives of what should be included in a definition of cybersecurity. In this article, we propose a resulting new definition: "Cybersecurity is the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights." Articulating a concise, inclusive, meaningful, and unifying definition will enable an enhanced and enriched focus on interdisciplinary cybersecurity dialectics and thereby will influence the approaches of academia, industry, and government and non-governmental organizations to cybersecurity challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 13-21 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/835 %N 10 %1 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment Nadia Diakun-Thibault is Senior Science and Analytics Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. She holds a Master's degree in Public Administration from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada, and an ABD (PhD) degree in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Toronto, Canada. She has served as Parliamentary Advisor to Members of Parliament and held an Order-in-Council appointment to the Province of Ontario's Advocacy Commission. Her research interests include neurophilosophy, semiotics, linguistics, and public policy. She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University in the United States. %3 Communications Security Establishment Randy Purse is the Senior Learning Advisor at the Information Technology Security Learning Centre at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. A former officer in the Canadian Forces, he is an experienced security practitioner and learning specialist. His research interests include the human dimensions of security and collective and transformative learning in the workplace. He has a Master’s of Education in Information Technology from Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John's, Canada, and he is a PhD candidate specializing in Adult and Workplace Learning in the Faculty of Education at the University of Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/835