%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T The Diffusion of Blockchain as a General Purpose Technology Driving Digital Transformation %A Jason Windawi %K blockchain %K digital %K general purpose technology %K innovation %K institutions %K transformation %X Digital transformation as a process is integrally linked to the creation and diffusion of a set of general purpose technologies (GPTs) that provide both the motive force, as well as the means, for the transformation of existing industries and the creation of entirely new ones. This article takes as its subject the diffusion of one such technology - blockchain - and explores the relationship between the Schumpeterian innovation at the core of its diffusion and digital transformation as a macro process. Theoretically, I work from Rogers' definition of diffusion as a locally heterogeneous process in which variation in a new technology’s use and adaptation are driven by the decisions of entrepreneurs working in specific contexts, as well as Schumpeter's concept of innovation as a form of recombination. I explore variation in these processes of innovation and recombination across three broad clusters of implementations: Digital Economies, Extra-Institutional Trust, and Digital Finance. I find that each of these clusters is marked by a distinct form of innovation defined by differing patterns of recombination with other digital GPTs, and by the role that institutions and institutional actors play in this variation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010201 %8 05-2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1478 %N 1/2 %1 Princeton University and Rook DAO A. Jason Windawi is a blockchain researcher and the Organizational and Design Lead at Rook DAO. He recently completed a PhD in Sociology at Princeton University, where his dissertation research examined blockchain technology as a form of digital transformation, as well as new forms of organization and governance involved in its implementation. He holds an MA in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from Columbia University and an AB in Political Science from Stanford University. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1478 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Developing Social Impact Evaluation Methods for Research: viewpoints on commercialization and sustainability %A Leena Kunttu %A Helka Kalliomäki %A Sorin Dan %A Jari Kuusisto %X The social contributions of research activities have become more and more important in the rapidly changing innovation environment. Despite the fact that industrial commercialization of research results constitutes one of the most essential drivers for innovation and competitiveness, most generally used social impact evaluation criteria do not include clear metrics involving research commercialization possibilities. In a similar manner, principles regarding sustainable development have been largely omitted from the impact criteria. This paper considers the "broader impacts criteria" (BIC) model developed for social impact evaluation in the National Science Foundation in United States. We propose extensions to the BIC criteria related to commercialization and sustainable development viewpoints on impact evaluation. This paper also considers a newly introduced extension to BIC, called "inclusion-immediacy criteria" (IIC). Based on it, we propose an extended version of the model that aims to additionally evaluate the impact of research from a commercialization point of view. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 44-53 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1441 %N 5 %1 University of Vaasa Dr. Leena Kunttu works currently as Senior Specialist in innovation at the University of Vaasa. She holds a PhD degree in Information Technology (signal processing) from the Tampere University of Technology, Finland (2006), a PhD degree in Economics (innovation management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2019), and Master of Arts degree in Education from the University of Tampere (2020). Between 2007 and 2012, she served as Senior Manager in an area of innovation at the Nokia Corporation. During her career at Nokia, she led several collaborative projects between the company and external research institutes, such as universities. She also led and participated in joint educational activities between Nokia and universities. Since 2015, Dr. Kunttu served as a postdoc researcher in an area of innovation at the University of Vaasa. Her current research interests include university-industry collaboration, innovation impact evaluation, and the commercialization of university technologies. %2 University of Vaasa Dr. Helka Kalliomäki works currently as an Associate Professor (tenure track) in Innovation Policy at the University of Vaasa. She received her PhD degree in human geography in 2012 from the University of Turku. Kalliomäki has a strong track-record in managing and building challenge driven multidisciplinary research projects engaging stakeholders from public and private sector, nationally and internationally. She has also been involved in developing the internationally recognized Turku Urban Research Programme and its collaboration model that has been selected internationally as an best practice of university-city collaboration. Her research expertise is especially related to strategic urban development, innovation environments, and the knowledge base of urban development (e.g. university-city relations). %3 University of Vaasa Dr. Sorin Dan is a postdoctoral researcher in public sector innovation and renewal at the Innovation and Entrepreneurship InnoLab research platform, University of Vaasa, and an expert in policy research and public management reform. Dr. Dan earned his PhD at the Public Governance Institute at KU Leuven (2015) and his master’s in public policy and administration at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2009). Previously he was an in-house consultant in the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate of the OECD. His recent projects include “Digitalisation Academy: Creating and piloting a nationwide model to tackle talent shortage and improve digital competences (DA-PITO)”, funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland and “Support for Developing Better Country Knowledge on Public Administration and Institutional Capacity Building”, funded by the EU. %4 University of Vaasa Dr. Jari Kuusisto is a science and innovation policy expert with over 20 years of experience in providing in-depth strategic consulting to high-level government agencies, businesses, and international organisations in more than 15 countries, including the EU, OECD, and UN. His expertise focuses on science and innovation policy, university organisational development, strategic change management and research profile development and upgrading. His research has been published in high-level scientific journals such as Research Policy, and he has authored several policy programmes with government agencies, ministries, the OECD, and European Commission. Kuusisto has demonstrable skills in orchestrating large-scale R&D projects, leveraging international resources and personnel across international boundaries, and a proven history of forging key partnerships with private and public sector partners throughout Europe to secure continued funding for research endeavours. %& 44 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1441 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Discovery and Validation of Business Models: How B2B Startups can use Business Experiments %A Patrick Brecht %A Daniel Hendriks %A Anja Stroebele %A Carsten H. Hahn %A Ingmar Wolff %K B2B Startup %K Business Experiment Design %K Business Experiments %K business model %K Customer Development Process %K Four-Step Iterative Cycle %K Growth Hacking %K lean startup %X Startups searching for a business model face uncertainty. This research aims to demonstrates how B2B startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business model's desirability quickly and cost-effectively. The research study follows a design science approach by focusing on two main steps: build and evaluate. We first created a B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework based on well-known earlier frameworks. After that, we applied the framework to the case of the German startup heliopas.ai. The framework consists of four steps (1) implementation of a measurement system, (2) hypothesis development and prioritization, (3) discovery, and (4) validation. Within its application, we conducted business experiments, including online and offline advertisements, as well as interviews. This research contributes in several ways to the understanding of how B2B-startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business models: First, the designed B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework can serve as a guideline for company founders. Second, the results were used to improve the existing business model of the German B2B startup heliopas.ai. Finally, applying the framework allowed us to formulate design principles for creating business experiments. The design principles used in the study can be further tested in future studies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-31 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1426 %N 3 %1 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Patrick Brecht, M.Sc., works as a research associate at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences after completing his study in industrial engineering with a focus on sales. In addition to his passion for sales, he has a growing fascination for science and entrepreneurship. In his role as project manager at the xLab, Experimental Lab for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, he supports startups in the area of business model innovation. His focus lies in validating startup potential within the field of smart business experiments and platform business models. %2 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Daniel Hendriks, B.Sc., studied business administration and industrial engineering, focusing on service-oriented business model development at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. He works as a research associate at xLab of the University of Applied Sciences as an expert on B2B startup experimentation and Lean Startup. Besides his work, he is perusing a master’s degree at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in business administration and industrial engineering. %3 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Anja Ströbele, B.Sc., is a research associate of the xLab at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. Her main research interests are in the fields of innovation, platform business models, and experimentation. During her studies, she developed a passion for research and an interest in innovation and entrepreneurship from analyzing the factors that turn a user innovator into a social entrepreneur with the help of theories of planned behavior. Her current master’s degree focus is on marketing-finance that not only provides an understanding of the interface of these two disciplines, but also gives insights into design process models to create financial innovations. She currently works analyzing service management failures by applying probabilistic Bayesian modeling on collections of text documents. %4 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Carsten Hahn works as a director of research and innovation at SAP and additionally holds a professorship for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe. After studying business informatics at the University of Mannheim and doing his doctorate in Marketing at the University of Mainz, he began his career as an assistant to the executive board of SAP. Carsten serves as a visiting lecturer at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his academic work, he founded the xLab, which deals with entrepreneurship and innovation concepts in research, teaching, and practical application. %# heliopas.ai Ingmar Wolff, M.Sc., is always passionate about innovation and entrepreneurship, has founded two startups, and financed his studies with a sales business. He completed his studies in industrial engineering with a focus on entrepreneurship and computer science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Afterwards, he consulted for startups on product-market fit and technology at the SAP startup incubator “innoWerft”. After working at KIT as a research associate in the domain of automated machine learning, he founded his current company heliopas.ai GmbH, which provides AI-powered irrigation advice to farmers. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1426 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Distributed Ledger Technologies and Social Machines: How to “smartify” the economy with blockchain-based digital extension services? %A Gregory Sandstrom %K artificial intelligence %K blockchain %K digital economy %K digital platform %K distributed ledger technology %K economic development %K extension services %K extension thinking %K innovation diffusion %K Internet of Things %K ledger community %K smartification %K social machines %K web science %X This paper examines the broad impact of digitalization on economic development. More specifically, it addresses the computer science-derived notion of "social machines", along with the invention of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) (or blockchain), as potential signposts on the pathway to "smart(er) digital economies". The paper investigates blockchain-based ecosystems as examples of social machines that assist in economic "smartification" and development. It looks at distributed ledger-based communities (DLCs) that provide examples of functioning social machines for a variety of business and personal network communications purposes. It then analyses the scaleup of DLT-based social machines by comparison with "extension services", largely in education and agriculture, which are currently undergoing processes of digitalization. Overall, this conceptual study examines the general horizons and potential impact of blockchain and social machines on the provision of online products and services, across a range of sectors and industries. The paper offers interpretative assistance to managers, entrepreneurs, technology experts, and academics with lingering questions about blockchain in and for business and economic development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 42-57 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1449 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 42 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1449 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Demystifiying the Meaning of Transnational Entrepreneurship: Indian transnational entrepreneurs in comparative perspective %A Supriya Singh %A Punit Saurabh %A Nityesh Bhatt %K diaspora %K entrepreneurship %K immigrant %K migration %K transnational %X Migration of people from one geographical location to another, within or outside a country, has a major role to play in the socio-economic development across the globe. "Migrants" and "immigrants" that showcase entrepreneurial traits and are valued in both home and host countries. Transnational entrepreneurs are often studied in various cross-national entrepreneurial research streams, like international entrepreneurship, immigrant entrepreneurship, thus causing ambiguity in the existing definitions. This paper contributes a specific definition of "transnational entrepreneurship", based on secondary research, which takes into account different mobility types. It emphasizes the importance of this construct for developing transnational entrepreneurial typologies. The authors propose a "framework of transnational entrepreneurship" in the paper. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 47-59 %8 11/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1403 %N 11 %1 Nirma University Supriya Singh is a Doctoral Scholar from the Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India. The broad research topic she currently works on is entrepreneurship, innovation and the role of transnational migrants. %2 Nirma University Dr. Punit Saurabh is presently serving Nirma University with the Institute of Management and specializes in entrepreneurship, innovation, family business, venture ecosystems, International relations, and geostrategic studies. He holds a doctorate in Management from the Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, and frequently contributes articles to key journals and newspapers. %3 Nirma University Dr. Nityesh Bhatt is a Professor and Chair of Information Management Area at the Institute of Management, Nirma University, India. He has more than 20 years of experience in academia. His research areas include e-Governance, E-Commerce, ERP, and IT strategy. %& 47 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1403 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Designing a Visual Tool for Teaching and Learning Front-End Innovation %A Priscilla Kan John %A Emmaline Lear %A Patrick L’Espoir Decosta %A Shirley Gregor %A Stephen Dann %A Ruonan Sun %K design thinking %K Evidence-based Learning %K Evidence-based Teaching %K front-end innovation %K Problematisation %K Visual tools %X This paper presents work on the design and development of a guided visual tool, the project client map (PCM), which is intended to assist students in their class projects solving real-world problems with industry clients. We use a design science research approach to contribute to existing knowledge through the design of an artefact (the PCM) that has a clear educational and learning goal, and that provides utility. Circumscribing a problem is an essential step to seed the ideation process in front-end innovation. While this step can employ existing tools that focus separately on the organisational, environmental, and human contexts of the problem under scrutiny, there is no formalised roadmap for how to integrate these tools. The PCM addresses this gap. We present a first version of the PCM in this paper, which will be refined in further work. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %8 09/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1386 %N 9 %1 Australian National University Priscilla Kan John obtained her Ph.D in Computer Science from the Australian National University (ANU) in 2013. She then took a detour from academia and worked in facilitating innovation between business and universities, including setting up an Innovation Hub at the College of Business and Economics, ANU. She is currently a lecturer at the College of Engineering and Computer Science, ANU. Her research interests are in Artificial Intelligence (especially exploring concepts such as trust, autonomy and decision-making), Human Computer Interaction (exploring the social and design aspects of using smart machines) and Computer Science Education (developing pedagogical frameworks and tools for nurturing skills to face disruption). %2 Australian National University Emmaline Louise Lear is an educator formally working at the Australian National University. Her work at the Australian Centre for the Public Awareness of Science (CPAS) included coordinating the Professional Practice courses for engineers and computer scientists and investigating engaging approaches to teaching responsible innovation in science education using design thinking, flipped modes of delivery, problem and project based learning and work-integrated learning. Emmaline also has experience in developing technical communication skills particularly for international STEAM students. %3 Australian National University Patrick J.N. L’Espoir Decosta is a Senior Lecturer in the College of Business and Economics at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. His research interests span the areas of curriculum development in higher education, evidence-based management of education, tourism marketing and promotion, and critical studies of tourism. Other key areas of research include the sharing economy, and the commercial relevance of place and space. %4 Australian National University Shirley Gregor is a Professor Emerita at the Australian National University. Her research interests include artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction and the philosophy of science and technology. She obtained her Ph.D. in Information Systems from the University of Queensland in 1996. In 2005 she was made an Officer of the Order of Australia and a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society and in 2010 she was appointed a Fellow of the Association for Information Systems. %# Australian National University Stephen Dann is a marketer, academic, Lego Serious Play practitioner, and Senior Lecturer in the Research School of Management, College of Business and Economics at the Australian National University. He is a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (UK), and recipient of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference Emerging Educator award, the College of Business and Economics Education Innovation award and the Australian National University Vice Chancellor’s Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning. %$ Australian National University Ruonan Sun is a sessional lecturer at the Research School of Management. Australian National University. His primary research are in the areas of digital platform architectures and technology affordances. He has published in Australasian Journal of Information Systems and International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1386 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Digitalization and SMEs’ Export Management: Impacts on Resources and Capabilities %A Benjamin Dethine %A Manon Enjolras %A Davy Monticolo %K digitalization %K export practices %K facilitators %K impacts %K SME %X Digitalization is becoming an increasingly central issue for companies. However, most companies, and in particular SMEs, are struggling to engage in a coherent global digital transformation process. Indeed, digitalization affects much of a company's organizational strategy, including the development of market opportunities. Digitalization has been identified as an element that fosters the internationalization of SMEs. However, the integration of digital technology requires investments and changes in a company's internal practices through the mobilization of new resources, as well as by implementing specific capabilities to manage them. The objective of this research work is therefore to examine the impact of SMEs' digital transformation on their internationalization capability. Relying on an extensive exploratory literature review, digital facilitators were identified and classified into three categories: e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-business. Then, a cross-analysis between the identification of digital facilitators from the literature and a framework of SMEs' export practices (the Potential Export Index, Enjolras et al., 2016) was conducted in order to highlight differentiated impacts that can be theoretically identified. The most impacted export practices are related to the strategic vision of the firm, the customization of its offerings, its network dynamic, and its internal organization. E-commerce facilitators concern the supply chain organization, e-marketing facilitators are related to communications and customer relations, and e-business facilitators impact the company as a whole. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 18-34 %8 04/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1344 %N 4 %1 University of Lorraine Benjamin Dethine is a PhD student at the University of Lorraine. After applied studies in electronics, industrial computing, and electrical engineering, he pursued his studies with a Master's degree in Innovation Management and Industrial Design. He joined the company Innovation Way in 2019 in order to complete a doctoral thesis: Towards a System of Recommendations to Define the Digital Strategy of Companies. His research project aims to develop a model to evaluate and improve the ability of companies to achieve their digital transformation. %2 University of Lorraine Manon Enjolras is a Researcher at the University of Lorraine. She holds a PhD in Industrial System Engineering, working on “SMEs’ innovation and internationalization capabilities” and an engineering degree from the ENSGSI (Ecole Nationale Supérieure en Génie des Systèmes et Innovation). Her main research interests are related to multicriteria decision-making and multivariate data analysis methodologies applied to SMEs’ development, specifically, evaluation metrics of protection, innovation, and internationalization capabilities. %3 University of Lorraine Davy Monticolo is a Professor at the University of Lorraine. He got his HDR in December 2015 and received his Ph.D. (2008) from the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbélaird (France), and an M.S. (2005) degree from the University of Savoie, France. His research interests are Web Intelligence, Multi-Agents Systems, Knowledge Engineering and Modelling, Semantic Web and Ontologies used to design knowledge-based systems. He is currently on the board of the French Research Group on Artificial Intelligence. %& 18 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1344 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Digitalization, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Internationalization of Micro-, Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises %A Annaële Hervé %A Christophe Schmitt %A Rico Baldegger %K digital entrepreneurship %K digitalization %K Entrepreneurial Orientaton %K international entrepreneurship %K MSMEs %X Nowadays, we are living in a digitally connected global economy that is completely transforming trade in foreign markets and exposing firms, particularly micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), to major changes and new opportunities. As the use of digital technologies is creating more fluidity and nonlinearity across time and space in entrepreneurial processes, our research adopted a conceptual process to investigate how the digital transformation of MSMEs will support decision-makers in international businesses. Based on a quantitative research design, we demonstrate that the more a company digitalizes its functions, the more it favours entrepreneurial behavior to lead successful strategic decisions in foreign markets. Our results are discussed in detail and we propose several ways to benefit from opportunities arising from the use of digital technologies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-17 %8 04/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1343 %N 4 %1 Université de Lorraine Annaële Hervé is a PhD candidate at the Université de Lorraine. Her thesis addresses the research streams of digitalization and internationalization of MSMEs. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Management as well as a Master degree in Entrepreneurship. She is also working part time at the research department of the School of Management Fribourg in Switzerland. Her main research interests are digital transformation of firms, digital business model as well as international entrepreneurship. %2 Université de Lorraine Prof. Christophe Schmitt is a Professor in Entrepreneurship at the Université de Lorraine (IAE de Metz and CEREFIGE), he holds the research Chair “Entreprendre”, and he is responsible for PeeL (the Lorraine Student Entrepreneurship Pole). He is also an Associate Professor at the Louvain School of Management in Belgium and at the School of Management Fribourg in Switzerland. His articles and books mostly concern the notion of value design and knowledge building for action as well as the development of entrepreneurial practices. %3 School of Management Fribourg Prof. Rico Baldegger is Director and Professor of Strategy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the School of Management Fribourg (HEG-FR), Switzerland. He has studied at the Universities of St. Gallen and Fribourg, Switzerland. His research activities concentrate on innovative start-ups, the entrepreneurial behavior of individuals and organizations, as well as the phenomenon of rapid-growth companies. He has published several books and articles and, since the beginning of the 1990s, he has been the manager of a business for company development. Moreover, he is a business angel and serial entrepreneur, as is demonstrated by the many companies he has created. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1343 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Digitalization, Internationalization and Scaling of Online SMEs %A Mika Westerlund %K business model %K digitalization %K internationalization %K scaling %K SME %X While small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly required to look for growth beyond their national markets, the increasing digitalization of the global economy provides them with ample opportunities for internationalization. However, many SMEs are unable to internationalize digitally because they were not initially designed to scale that way, and managing business model scaling in the online environment is challenging. In response to this, the current study applies a quantitative descriptive analysis of survey data on business adoption of digital technologies by 535 Canadian online-based SMEs. The aim is to understand, 1) how internationally-oriented online SMEs differ in terms of their digitalization from those focused on domestic markets, and 2) how these differences are related to the companies’ business model for scaling internationally. The results show that internationally-oriented online SMEs differ from their domestically-oriented peers, in terms of a higher degree in the 1) use of information systems, 2) extent of value networks, 3) emphasis on key internal resources, and, 4) dealing with cybersecurity issues. The study contributes to the literature by suggesting that online SMEs willing to scale internationally through digitalization need to develop a set of capabilities in regard to partnering, customer relationship, and business process management, as well as investing in information and communication (ICT) resources and cyber resilience. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 48-57 %8 04/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1346 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %& 48 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1346 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Design Rules for ‘Triple Helix’ Organizations %A Ben Dankbaar %K design rules %K leadership %K motivation %K sanctions %K triple helix %X The image of the triple helix with three forces spiraling around each other has proven to be a powerful and inspiring image of the collaboration between government, business, and academia. The partners in such collaborative arrangements no doubt share an interest in making the collaboration successful. However, they also have specific interests and goals of their own. Too many triple helix arrangements have failed, because they did not consider this basic fact. Achieving their own goals is not necessarily the intention with which partners enter the collaborative effort, but they may well end up following this strategy. We start this paper with a brief description of what can be considered a typical case of ‘successful failure’ in a triple helix organization. We then review the literature regarding reasons for success or failure of triple helix organizations. We find that transparency and credible sanctions for self-interested behaviour are important requirements for successful triple helix arrangements. We then use notions from cybernetics and organizational design to develop basic rules for the design of triple helix arrangements. Basically, these rules and arrangements aim to ensure that self-interest and common purpose will concur. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 54-63 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1283 %N 11 %1

Radboud University Nijmegen

Ben Dankbaar is emeritus professor of innovation management and organization design, Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He also held a chair on management and technology at the Science Faculty of the same university. Before coming to Nijmegen, he worked as an assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam and as a researcher at the Berlin Social Science Center (Germany) and the Maastricht Economic Research Center on Innovation and Technology (MERIT) in Maastricht, The Netherlands. Ben has been guest professor at Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo and guest researcher at Macquarie University in Sidney and the Max Planck Institute for Social Studies in Cologne. He has published widely on technology and work organization, organization design, innovation management, innovation policy, industrial policy and sustainability. He has a special interest in the automobile industry, which he has been following for over 35 years.

 

%& 54 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1283 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Digital Payments: Impact Factors and Mass Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa %A Leigh Soutter %A Kenzie Ferguson %A Michael Neubert %K adoption %K blockchain %K FinTech %K mobile money %K non-consumption %K payments %K sub-Saharan Africa %X This study explores impact factors that affect the adoption of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we investigate the impact factors that subject-matter experts consider most important to the success of FinTech payment models. The data and their responses are evaluated through the lens of Christensen’s market-creation theory, which contends that the adoption of market-creating innovations by a mass swathe of heretofore non-consumers “pulls” framework conditions into place, including missing infrastructure and enabling regulation. Then, we compare the findings with the literature and three case studies of mobile money adoption in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the payment and money transfer segment of FinTech innovations in Africa using a multiple case study methodology. We drew together information from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews, archival data in the form of industry and regulatory reports, and observational field notes. Our findings suggest that enabling environments (Kenya) do jumpstart adoption and difficult frameworks (Nigeria) do evolve. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in Africa. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 41-55 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1254 %N 7 %1 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Leigh Soutter is a Vice President at Florence Venture Partners, an angel investment group in Silicon Valley that helps entrepreneurs start great businesses. She holds a PhD in GES Hydrogeology from Stanford University in the United States and has leveraged her experience with scientific computing as a technology consultant, entrepreneur, and investor. Dr. Soutter currently is working towards a second PhD at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris where her dissertation research involves the role of innovative technologies in emerging markets. %2 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Kenzie K. Ferguson is a recognized leader in corporate social responsibility (CSR). She built an award-winning CSR department for a multinational S&P 500 Company. Ms. Ferguson recently joined Delta Dental of California as their Vice President of Foundation and CSR. She is distinguished as an influencer with a growth mindset, creative problem-solving skills, and an ability to achieve goals with limited resources. Ms. Ferguson holds a Bachelor of Arts in Russian Studies from the University of California in the United States and an MBA from Nyenrode University in the Netherlands, and she is currently a PhD candidate at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris. %3 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He teaches doctoral-level courses in FinTech, valuation and acquisition, and international finance, among other subjects. His research interests concern the valuation and the development of innovative high-tech startups from emerging markets. Michael is a member of the Academy of Management, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1254 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Digital User Involvement in a Multi-Context Living Lab Environment %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %K Digital user involvement %K living lab. %K user community %X This article provides new knowledge on the long-term use and value of a digital user involvement tool as a part of a living lab particularly in ICT, health and public service development contexts. Research has been carried out within the authentic living lab environment in 2011–2018. Empirical evidence is gathered from case living lab digital user involvement platform and activities conducted in multiple contexts. The primary source of information are the 70 in-depth interviews with the customer companies, public organizations and other stakeholders. The digital user community and user involvement tool-specific value for the development of products and services are a fast, easy and efficient user involvement regardless of time and location, tailored online methods based on the need of the customer, and the richness and quality of the end-user feedback. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 27-37 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1273 %N 10 %1
University of Oulu
 
Lotta Haukipuro, D.Sc (Econ. & Bus. Adm.) coordinates the multidisciplinary Generation Z and beyond: Co-evolution of human capabilities and intelligent technologies in the 21st century (GenZ) project (2018-2022) at the University of Oulu. She received her Dr. degree in 2019 at Oulu Business School. Her research interests lie in the area of living labs, co-creation and user-centric development of products and services. She has worked in several national and international RDI projects.
%2
University of Oulu
 
Satu Väinämö, M. Sc. (Tech.), has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, creating user experience (UX) and service designs as well as defining and managing innovation processes.  Her career includes over 15 years in ICT industry in several leadership and UX design positions. Her tasks included e.g. creating smartphone UIs which were used in more than 500 million phones. Recently she coordinated 7,8 MEUR EU project, which accelerated European SMEs and startups to co-develop innovative application and businesses in eHealth market.  During the last seven years in University of Oulu she has led 100+ development activities within Oulun Urban Living Labs, where she oversaw innovation and living lab related projects. Currently, she is working at Centre for Health and Technology (CHT) at University of Oulu, where she is responsible of development of Digihealth Hub and its ecosystem collaboration.
%& 27 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1273 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T A Discipline-Spanning Overview of Action Research and Its Implications for Technology and Innovation Management %A Matthias Guertler %A Nathalie Sick %A Anton Kriz %K action research %K bibliometrics %K discipline-spanning analysis %K literature review %K technology and innovation management %X The iterative and learning character of action research is particularly beneficial for exploring complex socio-technical problems in technology and innovation management (TIM). In this respect, action research allows both rigorous and relevant research due to parallel solving of real-world problems, capability building, and gaining scientific insights. However, the use of action research within TIM research is surprisingly limited. Action research also is not a homogeneous research methodology since each research discipline, such as education and organizational science, has its own action research streams, which are often only loosely linked. A systematic overview of those action research traditions and specific best practices is still missing, which complicates a systematic transfer and use of action research in TIM. This article addresses this essential gap by building a cross-disciplinary overview of action research streams based on a bibliometric analysis using Scopus. The analysis includes relevant disciplines with action research traditions, their development over time, and the most influential journals, authors, institutions, and countries. Along with this discipline-spanning analysis, the article investigates particular TIM benefits and challenges of action research. The two key contributions of this article are: 1) a discipline-spanning overview of action research and its evolution and 2) an analysis of its implications for TIM research. These contributions build the basis for strengthening the use of action research in TIM. In the medium-term, action research has the capacity to link academia and industry more closely and, in doing so, assists important endeavours of translating more of our research outcomes into practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 48-65 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1233 %N 4 %1 University of Technology Sydney Matthias Guertler is a Lecturer in Engineering Design at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. He holds several degrees in Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Design, and Innovation Management from the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Matthias’ transdisciplinary research is at the interface of engineering design and innovation management with a focus on managing open innovation. His action-research-based projects have been in close collaboration with various partners from industry and defense in Germany and Australia. %2 University of Technology Sydney Nathalie Sick is a Senior Lecturer in Contemporary Technology Management in the Faculty of Engineering and IT at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. Prior to joining UTS, she was a Young Research Group Leader with the Helmholtz Institute in Muenster, Germany, as well as a Junior Professor at the University of Muenster. She holds degrees in Management and Engineering as well as a PhD in Innovation Management. Her research revolves around innovation and technology management with a particular interest in discipline-spanning collaborations and industry convergence. %3 Australian National University Anton Kriz is an Associate Professor at the Australian National University (ANU) specializing in the area of strategic innovation management and international marketing. His research focuses on advancing innovation management and innovation champions in enterprises, clusters, and regions through action research and action learning interventions. As part of the Research School of Management at ANU, he also teaches Innovation and New Venture Creation to executives at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1233 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Data Science as an Innovation Challenge: From Big Data to Value Proposition %A Victoria Kayser %A Bastian Nehrke %A Damir Zubovic %K analytics %K big data %K digital innovation %K idea generation %K innovation process %X Analyzing “big data” holds huge potential for generating business value. The ongoing advancement of tools and technology over recent years has created a new ecosystem full of opportunities for data-driven innovation. However, as the amount of available data rises to new heights, so too does complexity. Organizations are challenged to create the right contexts, by shaping interfaces and processes, and by asking the right questions to guide the data analysis. Lifting the innovation potential requires teaming and focus to efficiently assign available resources to the most promising initiatives. With reference to the innovation process, this article will concentrate on establishing a process for analytics projects from first ideas to realization (in most cases: a running application). The question we tackle is: what can the practical discourse on big data and analytics learn from innovation management? The insights presented in this article are built on our practical experiences in working with various clients. We will classify analytics projects as well as discuss common innovation barriers along this process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-25 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1143 %N 3 %1 Ernst and Young Victoria Kayser is a Data Scientist in Ernst & Young’s Advisory Organization. Her research is focused on the intersection of analytics and innovation management. Her PhD examined the contribution of text mining to foresight and future planning. She has worked in the fields of innovation research and strategy development as well as in the automotive sector. She holds a Master of Science degree in Information Engineering and Management. %2 Ernst and Young Bastian Nehrke is a Manager with Ernst and Young’s Advisory in Stuttgart. He specializes in developing organizational analytics capabilities and supports clients in setting up their own analytics hubs and CoEs as well as innovation and data thinking methods. He is a certified Project Manager, Business Analyst, and Requirements Engineer and studied International Management and Innovation and Technology Management in Frankfurt and Heilbronn. %3 Ernst and Young Damir Zubovic leads Ernst and Young’s Data and Analytics Practices in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria as Partner. With 15 years of professional experience in leading business intelligence, analytics and big data initiatives, he is responsible for business development, specializing in analytics applications in the automotive and life sciences sectors and in consumer and retail products. His extensive experience in the field makes him an experienced mentor who also acts as coach, lecturer, and keynote speaker. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1143 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Does Entrepreneurial Marketing Underrate Competition? %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K competition %K entrepreneurial %K environment %K marketing %K orientation %X This study aims to investigate the relationship between marketing needs and actions in entrepreneurial marketing. So doing, it explores how the entrepreneur’s interpretation of the needs that arise from the changes and opportunities in the business environment affects their actions in entrepreneurial marketing. We establish and test a set of hypotheses over a sample of 3,097 entrepreneur-led small firms from Finland. The results show that entrepreneurial perception of environmental pressure in terms of partners, customers, and competitors is linked to the marketing practices of small firms in terms of developing business relations, publicity, and offerings. That is, actions in entrepreneurial marketing depend on the entrepreneur’s ability to interpret needs based on the signals in the business environment. However, the study confirms that entrepreneurs pay less attention to competition, which affects their marketing actions, and it suggests that both research and practice of entrepreneurial marketing should pay more regard to competition. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-27 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1183 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Pellervo Economic Research & Aalto University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1183 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Dynamics of Knowledge Sharing in the Biotechnology Industry: An Indian Perspective %A Tripurasundari Joshi %K absorptive capacity %K biotechnology %K India %K knowledge sharing %K tacit knowledge %X The role of biotechnology in providing an alternate, more productive approach to new drug development is well accepted globally. Multinational pharmaceutical companies have begun outsourcing product development and its clinical validation to biotechnology firms in India. The sector in India has also witnessed the entry of startups in various phases of the drug development value chain. Technological innovation is a key growth driver in the “bio pharma” vertical in recognition of which numerous alliances are seen in the sector in India. These alliances have put in place a structure for technological learning to happen, which is necessary for innovation. However, the nature of knowledge in biotechnology, in large measure, is both tacit and complex. Such knowledge is difficult to transfer. At the same time, transferability of knowledge is critical to developing technological capability, which in turn can facilitate the technological innovations that are crucial for the growth of the sector in India. The current research is motivated by the question of how the firms in this sector deal with this paradox. An exploratory approach is adopted to understand the practices of knowledge sharing as well as its perceived impediments at the firm level in the Indian context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-15 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1129 %N 1 %1 Nirma University Tripurasundari Joshi is an Assistant Professor in the marketing area at the Institute of Management at Nirma University in Ahmedabad, India. She holds postgraduate qualifications in science and business administration. She has 13 years of corporate experience in business development, corporate planning, and management consultancy in the managerial cadre. She has carried out numerous research and business advisory assignments for large corporate clients. She has also worked on technology status and technology market assessment studies for the Government of India, and she has executed several projects funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. She has received grants for working on social projects sponsored by national institutes of repute such as the Indian Space Research Organization. Since 1999, she has been involved as a full-time core faculty member in the Marketing area of Business Management and has been active in institution-building activities in various academic administrative capacities. She has authored several books, monographs and technical notes and has presented and published research at national and international conferences. She has also visited universities and industry associations in Australia, China, Singapore, and Hong Kong for research and business interactions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1129 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Defining Characteristics of Urban Living Labs %A Kris Steen %A Ellen van Bueren %K characteristics %K cities %K definition %K living labs %K TIM Review %K urban living labs %X The organization of supported and sustainable urban interventions is challenging, with multiple actors involved, fragmented decision-making powers, and multiple values at stake. Globally, urban living labs have become a fashionable phenomenon to tackle this challenge, fostering the development and implementation of innovation, experimentation, and knowledge in urban, real-life settings while emphasizing the important role of participation and co-creation. However, although urban living labs could in this way help cities to speed up the sustainable transition, urban living lab experts agree that, in order to truly succeed in these ambitious tasks, the way urban living labs are being shaped and steered needs further research. Yet, they also confirm the existing variation and opaqueness in the definition of the concept. This article contributes to conceptual clarity by developing an operationalized definition of urban living labs, which has been used to assess 90 sustainable urban innovation projects in the city of Amsterdam. The assessment shows that the majority of the projects that are labelled as living labs do not include one or more of the defining elements of a living lab. In particular, the defining co-creation and development activities were found to be absent in many of the projects. This article makes it possible to categorize alleged living lab projects and distill the “true” living labs from the many improperly labelled or unlabelled living labs, allowing more specific analyses and, ultimately, better targeted methodological recommendations for urban living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-33 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1088 %N 7 %1 Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions Kris Steen is a Research Fellow at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions and the Chair of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, where her academic work focuses on the design of concepts and strategies that produce and promote an urban environment that meets the demands of sustainability, such as “urban living labs”. In 2016, she graduated Cum Laude in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences at the Delft University of Technology. %2 Delft University of Technology Ellen van Bueren is Professor of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, Principal Investigator at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, and board member of the Leiden-Delft Erasmus Centre of Sustainability in the Netherlands. Her research and teaching focuses on the development of tangible concepts, tools, and principles for an integrated, area-centred approach to contemporary urban challenges. She is the author of scientific publications and a member of the editorial board of scientific journals in the field of policy management and urban development, and she teaches in various (inter)disciplinary educational settings for students and professionals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1088 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Design-Driven Living Lab: A New Approach to Exploring Solutions to Complex Societal Challenges %A Rens Brankaert %A Elke den Ouden %K design %K Living lab %K societal challenges %K technology probe %X In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of a design-driven living lab as an innovative approach to addressing societal challenges. This living lab incorporates design qualities such as exploration, open-ended results, and disruption. This approach was applied in three case studies within the context of dementia, each of which explored the impact of Qwiek.up – a media system that creates an ambient experience in a room through projection and sound. A cluster analysis of the results in the three case studies showed that the system has considerable potential for people with dementia, and possibly also for other groups. In addition, the design-driven approach led to new applications in care, improved functionality, and a broader design space. Our findings show that design-driven living labs can widen the scope of innovation and improve the value proposition of an innovative solution. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1049 %N 1 %1 Eindhoven University of Technology Rens Brankaert is an Assistant Professor working on design for “Active & Healthy Ageing” within the Business Process Design group in the Department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. He received his PhD early in 2016 for work related to design for people with dementia involving the application of living labs. In this work, he aimed to build a bridge between a design-based approach and current healthcare practices. %2 Eindhoven University of Technology Elke den Ouden is based at the Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship Management Group in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. As a TU/e Fellow and Strategic Director of TU/e LightHouse, she forges links between research and industry. Her long history at Philips, including in the role of group leader, has provided her with the network and expertise needed to do perform her current role. Elke operates as the TU/e living lab expert and regularly publishes on this topic. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1049 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Designing a Business Model for Environmental Monitoring Services Using Fast MCDS Innovation Support Tools %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Teemu Räsänen %A Ulla Santti %A Ari Happonen %A Miika Kajanus %K business model %K data collection %K environmental monitoring %K MCDS %K open data %K service innovation %X The free availability of open data provides opportunities to start new businesses and gain business intelligence. However, although data is often used to support decisions and actions, the possibilities offered by modern sensor technologies with connections to cloud-based data collection services are not being effectively capitalized. Data collection systems are also not generally open source solutions, even though open and flexibly adjustable systems would broaden the opportunities for solutions and larger revenue streams. In this article, we used action research methods to discover new business opportunities in a semi-open information system that utilizes environmental monitoring data. We applied a four-stage innovation process for industry, which included context definition, idea generation, and selection, and produced multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) data to help the design of business model. This was done to reveal business opportunities for an environmental monitoring service. Among these opportunities, one service-style business model canvas was identified as feasible and selected for further development. We identified items that are needed in the commercialization process of environmental monitoring services. Our process combines open environmental monitoring data, participative innovation process, and MCDS support, and it supports and accelerates a co-creative business model creation process that is cost-beneficial in terms of saving time. The results are applicable to the creation of an open data information system that supports data-driven innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 36-46 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1119 %N 11 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business models development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %2 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Teemu Räsänen, D.Sc. (Tech), works as a Senior Lecturer at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences (UAS) in Finland. His background is in Environmental Technology, and his expertise and research interests include environmental informatics, environmental monitoring, data analysis, data mining and developing online monitoring systems. Within this context, his main focus is in the fields of water management, monitoring the impacts of industrial emissions, and waste management. He is also the head of Savonia UAS environmental technology degree program, which includes about 170 students annually. %3 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical fieldwork in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %4 Lappeenranta University of Technology Ari Happonen, DSc (Tech), is the Head of Computer Science Bachelor programme in the Lappeenranta University of Technology’s (LUT) School of Business and Management, Finland. Ari has been working at LUT for more than 15 years, participating in numerous RDI projects with Finnish and international companies in the contexts of international logistics services, consumer products industries, service development, innovation facilitations and mentoring, consultation, business development, mobile service development, construction industries, digitalization, public–private collaboration R&D efforts, and so on. Ari has a long history working as an intermediate and collaboration facilitator in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, innovation facilitation, development mentoring, teaching, and training and has also acted as the LUT Project Manager for the Akseli project, providing the base knowledge for this publication. %# Savonia University of Applied Sciences Miika Kajanus works as an RDI-liaison in Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. The role is in international RDI funding in Savonia’s focus areas related to food, water, health, industry, and bio products. The main tasks are to organize research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations. The work involves collaboration with scientists, SMEs, inventors, end users, and experts aiming in a straightforward way to implement innovations including all the phases starting from idea generation, conceptualization, business models development, and commercialization. Since 2004, he has been involved in more than 100 innovation commercialization projects, and he has more than twenty international research publications. He is one of the creators of the InTo innovation tool. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1119 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Digital Technology Entrepreneurship: A Definition and Research Agenda %A Ferran Giones %A Alexander Brem %K definitions %K digital entrepreneurship %K digital technology entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurship %K technology Innovation %X Technology entrepreneurship is an established concept in academia. However, recent developments in the context of digital entrepreneurship call for revision and advancement. The multiple possible combinations of technology and entrepreneurship have resulted in a diversity of phenomena with significantly different characteristics and socio-economic impact. This article is focused on the identification and description of technology entrepreneurship in times of digitization. Based on current examples, we identify and describe characterizations of technology entrepreneurship, digital technology entrepreneurship, and digital entrepreneurship. With this new delineation of terms, we would like to foster discussion between researchers, entrepreneurs, and policy makers on the impact of digitization on entrepreneurship, and set a future research agenda. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1076 %N 5 %1 University of Southern Denmark Ferran Giones is an Assistant Professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg. He received his PhD from La Salle – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. His research field is technology entrepreneurship, where he explores how and when technological progress transforms into entrepreneurial activity, and how this entrepreneurial activity results in sustainable organizations and innovative ecosystems. %2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Alexander Brem holds the Chair of Technology Management at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) which is located at the Nuremberg Campus of Technology in Germany. Before joining FAU, Alexander was Professor of Technology and Innovation Management and Head of SDU Innovation and Design Engineering at the Mads Clausen Institute at the University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg. His primary research interest is technology and innovation management with a special focus on interdisciplinary links to psychology, marketing, and entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1076 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven Intellectual Property Management %A Daniel Eckelt %A Christian Dülme %A Jürgen Gausemeier %A Simon Hemel %K business model %K competitive advantage %K competitive arena %K Innovation management %K intellectual capital %K intellectual property %K value proposition %X Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis – rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company’s IP portfolio. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 34-47 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1003 %N 7 %1 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Daniel Eckelt (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are Industrie 4.0, strategic IP management, and innovation management in multi-stakeholder organizations. In this field, he is working in numerous research and industry projects as wells as in political and social consulting. %2 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Christian Dülme (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working of group strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are future scenarios for Industrie 4.0, potential identification, and product strategy, particularly the reconfiguration of product portfolios. In these fields, he is working in numerous research and industry projects. %3 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Jürgen Gausemeier is a Senior Professor in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and was a member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is the initiator and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of acatech, the German Academy of Science and Engineering and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %4 Simon Hemel (MSc) works in the field of technical controlling for one of the world's leading manufacturers of slewing bearings. After an apprenticeship as a Management Assistant in IT systems at a German telecommunications company, Simon studied industrial engineering with focus on innovation and development management and controlling at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His master's thesis in the field of Intellectual Property Management was carried out in cooperation with the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and a German medical-technology company, which is a world market leader in the field of exo-prosthetics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Developing a Startup and Innovation Ecosystem in Regional Australia %A Troy Haines %K Australia %K Cairns %K ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K incubation %K innovation %K mentorship %K regional %K startups %K theSPACE %X Technology is enabling change at an ever increasing pace, not only in urban contexts, but also in regional centres, where the Internet in particular is enabling entrepreneurs to compete in the global marketplace despite the size and remoteness of their home cities or towns. In regional Australia, the challenges of high unemployment, fading traditional industries, a lack of economic diversity, and a "brain drain" of talent to urban centres highlight the need for novel economic development strategies. Innovation and entrepreneurship are highlighted as potential solutions, but both require knowledge and support to be successful. In this article, the author shares lessons learned as an entrepreneur and through the ongoing development of a self-sustaining startup and innovation ecosystem in the remote region of Cairns, Australia. The model described in this article is now being applied to other regions in Australia, where trained champions are driving the development of startup and innovation ecosystems adapted to regional needs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 24-32 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/994 %N 6 %1 theSPACE Australasia Troy Haines is Co-Founder and CEO of theSPACE Australasia in Cairns, Australia. He is also a Startup and Innovation Coach who has worked with hundreds of entrepreneurs across Australia to help them commercialize their ideas. Amongst many awards, he was named Innovation Champion in 2014 by the Minister of Innovation and Premier of Queensland. He was also inducted into the Queensland Government Innovation Wall of Fame for his work in building the North Queensland startup and innovation ecosystem. Troy and the team at theSPACE have developed startup and innovation programs, which they deliver across a wide audience, from high school students and SMEs to government (and everyone in between). He holds a Bachelor's degree in Business (Marketing) from Australia's Charles Sturt University and is currently working towards a Master's degree in Applied Innovation and Entrepreneurship from the University of Adelaide. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/994 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Developing Tacit Knowledge of Complex Systems: The Value of Early Empirical Inquiry in Healthcare Design %A Chantal Trudel %A Sue Cobb %A Kathryn Momtahan %A Janet Brintnell %A Ann Mitchell %K design research %K ergonomics %K healthcare design %K human factors %K infection prevention and control %K knowledge mobilization %K neonatal intensive care unit %X Infection prevention and control has been the subject of much study in medical and epidemiological research and a variety of best practice guidelines have been developed to support healthcare workers and related stakeholders. Yet, despite the availability of information, managing healthcare-associated infections remains a challenge because the relevant explicit knowledge is not being adequately developed and mobilized as tacit knowledge for use "on the front lines". Some researchers have called for a human factors perspective to help address challenges in designing for infection prevention and control, but relatively few studies have been conducted to date. Researchers also suggest that empirical inquiry is needed to better inform the design process, and particularly the design of complex systems where attention to detailed processes and interactions can support the success of an intervention. A human factors approach can help designers develop a deeper understanding of work processes, technology considerations, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, and organizational factors. The need is particularly pressing in low-resource healthcare environments where funds, time, and human resources may be scarce and strategic design decisions based on evidence are needed to support meaningful and effective changes. With this in mind, a human factors study was conducted in an existing neonatal intensive care unit to identify the influence of product and environment design on infection prevention and control and to inform recommendations for improvement. In this case study, we illustrate how the application of an empirical, methodical approach can help design professionals and stakeholders develop tacit knowledge of complex systems – knowledge that can be used to better inform design priorities, the design process, decision making, and the allocation of resources to help maximize improvements. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 28-38 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1017 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Chantal Trudel is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s School of Industrial Design in Ottawa, Canada. Chantal draws on her background in industrial design (B.I.D, Carleton University), human factors and ergonomics (MSc, University of Nottingham) and 10 years professional experience in commercial and healthcare design to support her research. Chantal is interested in human-centred and participatory design methods to improve our understanding and design of peoples’ experiences within complex systems. %2 University of Nottingham Sue Cobb is Associate Professor and Head of the Human Factors Research Group in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom. Sue has been working in this group for 30 years. Over this period she has worked on many projects involving analysis of user requirements and user feedback or opinion on a variety of issues in contexts including industrial workplaces, educational settings, and community environments. Her specialist interest is in multi-disciplinary research and the use of user-centred and participatory design methods in a variety of contexts including special education and healthcare. %3 Kathryn Momtahan has 10 years of critical care nursing experience and a PhD in Experimental Psychology, focusing on healthcare human factors. Dr. Momtahan's human factors professional experience includes several years working in the hi-tech sector and fourteen years in a research-lead capacity in a hospital environment. She has published in human factors, healthcare, and engineering journals and holds several adjunct professor appointments in various faculties and programs including engineering, psychology, nursing, business, and human–computer interaction. %4 The Ottawa Hospital Ann Mitchell is the Director of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care at The Ottawa Hospital. Ann has 28 years of experience in NICU and maternal newborn care in a variety of clinical, regional, and administrative roles. Her current focus is on staff and patient safety, engaging families, and improving the patient experience. %# The Ottawa Hospital Janet Brintnell is the Corporate Clinical Manager of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Special Care Nursery at The Ottawa Hospital. Her nursing career spans 32 years of which 26 have been focused in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Her experience ranges from a clinical bedside capacity to her current role with an administrative focus while constantly maintaining a critical focus on the delivery of family-centered care and best practices. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1017 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Digital Maturity Model for Telecommunications Service Providers %A Omar Valdez-de-Leon %K business %K business transformation %K digital %K digital transformation %K digitization %K disruptive technologies %K innovation %K maturity model %K telecommunications %X Industries across the spectrum are being faced with a fundamental change: digital transformation. The telecommunications industry is no exception. For communications service providers, this transformation started some time ago with the emergence of so-called over-the-top (OTT) services such as WhatsApp and Skype. However, in spite of such transformation being underway, there is a lack of frameworks and tools to help communications service providers navigate such radical change. This article presents the findings of a research project to develop such a framework: the digital maturity model for telecommunications service providers. The model aims to offer a structured view of digital transformation that is specific to the context and challenges of the telecommunications industry and that can be used as a standard to help communications service providers benchmark themselves against peers or themselves as they advance their transformation. This article describes the need for the model and the methodology used to develop it, and it offers recommendations on how to use the model and further develop it as our understanding of digital transformation evolves. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 19-32 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1008 %N 8 %1 Ericsson Omar Valdez-de-Leon is a Senior Consultant within the Global Consulting and Systems Integration practice at Ericsson. He is a practitioner in the area of innovation and digitization of products and services and, over the years, he has worked across the IT and telecommunications industry in companies such as Bosch, Logica-CGI, Elster, Vodafone, and Ericsson, with a focus on new business initiatives grounded in emerging technologies. He holds an MSc in Technology & Innovation Management from SPRU in the University of Sussex, UK, and an MBA from Manchester Business School. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1008 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T A Design Science Approach to Constructing Critical Infrastructure and Communicating Cybersecurity Risks %A Steven Muegge %A Dan Craigen %K advanced persistent threats %K critical infrastructures %K cybersecurity %K design propositions %K design science %K resilience %X Academics are increasingly examining the approaches individuals and organizations use to construct critical infrastructure and communicate cybersecurity risks. Recent studies conclude that owners and operators of critical infrastructures, as well as governments, do not disclose reliable information related to cybersecurity risks and that cybersecurity specialists manipulate cognitive limitations to overdramatize and oversimplify cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. This article applies a design science perspective to the challenge of securing critical infrastructure by developing a process anchored around evidence-based design principles. The proposed process is expected to enable learning across critical infrastructures, improve the way risks to critical infrastructure are communicated, and improve the quality of the responses to citizens’ demands for their governments to collect, validate, and disseminate reliable information on cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. These results will be of interest to the general public, vulnerable populations, owners and operators of critical infrastructures, and various levels of governments worldwide. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-16 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/902 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches and leads a research program within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include technology entrepreneurship and commercialization, non-traditional settings for innovation and entrepreneurship (business ecosystems, communities, platforms, and interconnected systems that combine these elements), and business models of technology entrepreneurs (especially in non-traditional settings). %2 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada and a Visiting Scholar at the Technology Innovation Management Program of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/902 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Disrupting the Disrupter: Strategic Countermeasures to Attack the Business Model of a Coercive Patent-Holding Firm %A Derek Smith %K business model %K business model framework %K coercive patent holder %K countermeasures %K intellectual property %K non-practicing entity %K NPE %K patent %K patent arsenal %K patent office policy %K patent shark %K patent troll %X A coercive patent-holding firm operates a business model that strategically targets firms to force unforeseen patent licensing rents. Coercive patent holders use aggressive litigation tactics to instantaneously create a complicated asymmetrical expensive problem with significant business risk. The strategy creates a dominant position by leveraging legal and business pressure to force the targeted firm into an involuntarily engagement with a coercive patent-holding firm. Such engagements can be quite profitable for the patent holders – and quite devastating for targeted firms. Thus, this article attempts to synthesize a business model framework that reveals insights concerning the profit formula, key resources, and key processes that support the dominant position of coercive patent-holding firms. Based on this framework, we further synthesize countermeasures to disrupt these business model elements and diminish the dominant position. The insights and countermeasures reveal strategic options and tactics that can be leveraged against the business model of a coercive patent-holding firm to alter the dominant position and improve the business situation of the targeted firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-16 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/894 %N 5 %1 Geotab Inc. Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He is also the Vice President of Intellectual Property for Geotab Inc. and a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. He has over 25 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada, and Husky Injection Molding Systems, where he was Director of Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada, where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, for which he was awarded a Senate Medal for Outstanding Academic Achievement. Derek also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering, also from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/894 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Do Actions Matter More than Resources? A Signalling Theory Perspective on the Technology Entrepreneurship Process %A Ferran Giones %A Francesc Miralles %K market signals %K opportunity exploitation %K opportunity exploration %K signalling theory %K social capital signals %K technology entrepreneurship %K technology signals %X This article studies how technology-based entrepreneurs manage to transform their ideas into viable businesses, regardless of their resource limitations and the complexity and dynamics of technology-intense contexts. To describe how entrepreneurs unlock the value proposition that makes a technology useful, we adopt a set of lenses that allow us to view what happens on both sides of the market. In this context, we need to look beyond the resources to explain the weight that entrepreneur’s actions carry on the technology entrepreneurship process. In this article, we use a multiple case study on three new technology-based firms to explore how their actions can be interpreted as valuable market signals. The results suggest that entrepreneurs strategically use market, technology, and social capital signalling to mitigate uncertainty and advance in the technology entrepreneurship process. This research holds implications for academic research on the integration of resource and demand-side views, as well as for entrepreneurs and practitioners interested in understanding the impact of visible actions in the early stages of a new technology-based venture. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 39-45 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/880 %N 3 %1 Ramon Llull University Ferran Giones is a Research Assistant at La Salle Innova Institute – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. He has Bachelors and Masters degree in Business Administration from ESADE Business School in Barcelona. Ferran’s professional background is in management consulting and international business-operations development. His academic research is in the areas of entrepreneurship and innovation, studying how entrepreneurs' ventures emerge in dynamic environments. %2 Ramon Llull University Francesc Miralles is the Dean of La Salle Campus Barcelona – Ramon Llull University (La Salle – URL) in Barcelona, Spain, where he is also Professor of Information Systems, Innovation Management, and Research Methods. He has a PhD from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona and an MBA from ESADE, also in Barcelona. Before joining La Salle – URL, he was Executive Director of the Information Society Observatory of Catalonia (FOBSIC), and Professor and Dean at the University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona. He has also held management positions in several organizations. His current research interests are in the area of information technologies management, innovation management, and entrepreneurship %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/880 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Defining Cybersecurity %A Dan Craigen %A Nadia Diakun-Thibault %A Randy Purse %K cybersecurity %K cyberspace %K definition %K interdisciplinary %K security %X Cybersecurity is a broadly used term, whose definitions are highly variable, often subjective, and at times, uninformative. The absence of a concise, broadly acceptable definition that captures the multidimensionality of cybersecurity impedes technological and scientific advances by reinforcing the predominantly technical view of cybersecurity while separating disciplines that should be acting in concert to resolve complex cybersecurity challenges. In conjunction with an in-depth literature review, we led multiple discussions on cybersecurity with a diverse group of practitioners, academics, and graduate students to examine multiple perspectives of what should be included in a definition of cybersecurity. In this article, we propose a resulting new definition: "Cybersecurity is the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights." Articulating a concise, inclusive, meaningful, and unifying definition will enable an enhanced and enriched focus on interdisciplinary cybersecurity dialectics and thereby will influence the approaches of academia, industry, and government and non-governmental organizations to cybersecurity challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 13-21 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/835 %N 10 %1 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment Nadia Diakun-Thibault is Senior Science and Analytics Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. She holds a Master's degree in Public Administration from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada, and an ABD (PhD) degree in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Toronto, Canada. She has served as Parliamentary Advisor to Members of Parliament and held an Order-in-Council appointment to the Province of Ontario's Advocacy Commission. Her research interests include neurophilosophy, semiotics, linguistics, and public policy. She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University in the United States. %3 Communications Security Establishment Randy Purse is the Senior Learning Advisor at the Information Technology Security Learning Centre at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. A former officer in the Canadian Forces, he is an experienced security practitioner and learning specialist. His research interests include the human dimensions of security and collective and transformative learning in the workplace. He has a Master’s of Education in Information Technology from Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John's, Canada, and he is a PhD candidate specializing in Adult and Workplace Learning in the Faculty of Education at the University of Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/835 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Designing and Managing Value Co-Creation in KIBS Engagements %A Lysanne Lessard %K case study %K KIBS %K knowledge-intensive business services %K service design %K service management %K value co-creation %X Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) such as IT development, IT outsourcing, and research and development (R&D) services have become a key component of most industrialized economies; they have been identified as an important source of employment growth in many countries and help improve the performance of firms belonging to most other sectors. KIBS have been discussed in innovation-related literature for over 15 years, with the assumption that models of innovation developed for manufacturing firms were not appropriate for them. This body of literature has also helped to identify the key characteristics and types of KIBS. However, although some empirical studies have investigated KIBS at the level of management – for example, how to manage customers’ co-production processes – there has not been much research on how to successfully establish and manage engagements among KIBS providers, clients, and other collaborators. Moreover, informal conversations with KIBS professionals show that these activities are often approached in an ad hoc manner. Yet, given the importance of KIBS, taking a more systematic approach to their design and management could improve the contribution of knowledge-intensive business service activities to our economy. This article proposes a framework for the design and management of KIBS engagements. The framework has been developed from a multiple-case study of academic R&D service engagements, as one type of KIBS engagement. It consists of a set of information to be gathered and questions to be asked by professionals responsible for establishing, monitoring, and managing KIBS engagements. The information and questions are articulated around two key processes of collaborative value creation (or value co-creation) in KIBS engagements: i) the alignment of actors’ interests, value propositions, and resources, and ii) the actors’ ability to integrate the engagement’s deliverables and outcomes as a basis for their perception of the engagement’s value. Using this framework could help to establish more successful collaborations among KIBS providers, clients, and partners; it should also help to monitor the performance of a given KIBS engagement in terms of its collaborative processes, deliverables, and outcomes from the varied perspectives of participating parties. Although the framework accounts for these different and sometimes conflicting perspectives, it is intended to be used by KIBS provider firms whose success depends at least in part from their ability to manage collaborative relationships. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 36-43 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/811 %N 7 %1 University of Ottawa Lysanne Lessard is Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa’s Telfer School of Management in Ottawa, Canada. Her research focuses on the development of design and modelling approaches for inter-organizational contexts such as knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) engagements. In these contexts, she investigates how organizational actors and ICTs form infrastructures in which information and knowledge are collaboratively created, shared, and transformed. This understanding leads to the creation of models, methods, and ICTs for the design, development, and evaluation of service systems. The results of this research enable greater value creation and innovation in today’s networked economies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/811 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Designing Business Models for the Internet of Things %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K business model %K design tool %K ecosystem %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K value %K value design %X This article investigates challenges pertaining to business model design in the emerging context of the Internet of Things (IOT). The evolution of business perspectives to the IOT is driven by two underlying trends: i) the change of focus from viewing the IOT primarily as a technology platform to viewing it as a business ecosystem; and ii) the shift from focusing on the business model of a firm to designing ecosystem business models. An ecosystem business model is a business model composed of value pillars anchored in ecosystems and focuses on both the firm's method of creating and capturing value as well as any part of the ecosystem's method of creating and capturing value. The article highlights three major challenges of designing ecosystem business models for the IOT, including the diversity of objects, the immaturity of innovation, and the unstructured ecosystems. Diversity refers to the difficulty of designing business models for the IOT due to a multitude of different types of connected objects combined with only modest standardization of interfaces. Immaturity suggests that quintessential IOT technologies and innovations are not yet products and services but a "mess that runs deep". The unstructured ecosystems mean that it is too early to tell who the participants will be and which roles they will have in the evolving ecosystems. The study argues that managers can overcome these challenges by using a business model design tool that takes into account the ecosystemic nature of the IOT. The study concludes by proposing the grounds for a new design tool for ecosystem business models and suggesting that "value design" might be a more appropriate term when talking about business models in ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-14 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/807 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Aalto University Mervi Rajahonka, D. Sc. (Econ) is a Researcher at Aalto University's School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from Helsinki University. Mervi earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at the Aalto University. Her research interests include supply chain management, business models, modularity, processes, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/807 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Developing a Social Network as a Means of Obtaining Entrepreneurial Knowledge Needed for Internationalization %A Chen Han %A Adeleye Afolabi %K business relationships %K entrepreneurship %K internationalization %K knowledge acquisition %K social networks %X An internationalization process for startups is based on the exchange of knowledge and other resources required for early internationalization and fast growth, and it requires ventures to identify opportunities, conduct business, and gain a competitive advantage in a foreign market. But, how do entrepreneurs obtain the knowledge required for internationalization? Previous research suggests a role for the utilization of social networks, leading managers to ask three basic questions: i) what kinds of knowledge-based resources are urgently needed by international new ventures?, ii) how do needs for knowledge change according to different stages in the internationalization process?, and iii) how can changing needs for knowledge be met by developing and leveraging a social network? In this article, we review the related literature, discuss potential answers to these basic questions, and we suggest how a dynamic process can guide new ventures to acquire knowledge for developing resources and conducting business toward internationalization. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 11-18 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/827 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Chen Han is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has more than eight years working experience in product design, user experience design, and project management. She built and led an independent technical team to provide overall solutions and outsourcing services for various clients including world's top media, Internet startups, and multinational firms. Currently, she is working with the founder team of Pricebeater, a international startup offering tools for online shopping in North America. %2 Carleton University Adeleye Afolabi is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Information Resources Management from Babcock University in Nigeria. He is a business-driven technology enthusiast with high-level management experience as the co-founder of Aregen Apparel, Afolexy Project Limited, and Abidafosi Enterprises; a smart-casual clothing company, a registered trucking and haulage business, and a petroleum transport company, respectively. He has work experience in the fields of broadcasting (streaming and telnetting) and finance, with Zenith Bank Group. His research interests include technopreneurial innovation, business information management, and social media marketing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/827 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Disruptive Innovation vs Disruptive Technology: The Disruptive Potential of the Value Propositions of 3D Printing Technology Startups %A Finn Hahn %A Søren Jensen %A Stoyan Tanev %K 3D printing technology %K additive manufacturing %K disruptive innovation %K value proposition %X This article describes an empirical study focusing on the classification of existing business opportunities in the 3D printing technology sector. The authors address three research questions. First, how do technology startups integrate new 3D printing technologies into specific market offers? Second, which value propositions are most attractive in terms of interest from the public and investors? Third, how does the degree of disruptiveness of value propositions relate to the degree of interest from the public and investors? The most notable finding is the link between the business traction of 3D printing technology startups and the degree of disruptiveness of their value propositions. Thus, the article provides empirical support for the conceptualization of the degree of disruptiveness of the value proposition as a metric for the evaluation of the business potential of new technology startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 27-36 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/855 %N 12 %1 Egatec A/S Finn Hahn is a Product Development Engineer at Egatec A/S in Odense, Denmark. He holds an MSc (Eng) degree in Product Development & Innovation from the University of Southern Denmark and a BEng in Interaction Design. His special interest is in shaping technology in a way that technology products and systems become more meaningful to people. Finn is also working with entrepreneurship and business-development strategies where he is trying to incorporate the insights gained in the area of interaction design. %2 University of Southern Denmark Søren Jensen is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. Previously, he worked in a seed-financing company analyzing technology business ideas. As investment analyst, his special interests lay within intellectual property and technology assessment. He now teaches intellectual property and entrepreneurial business understanding. Søren is also Head of the PDI MSC engineering program, an interdisciplinary engineering program training students to act on the border between technical and business understanding. %3 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. He also holds a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, born-global technology startups, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is a Senior IEEE member, and he is a member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/855 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Does Social Innovation Require Social Entrepreneurship? %A Asceline Groot %A Ben Dankbaar %K entrepreneurship %K institutional change %K Schumpeter %K social change %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %K sustainability %X Social innovation is now considered an important element in the search for solutions to pressing social problems. Inspired by Schumpeter’s conceptualization of innovation, "social" entrepreneurship is thought to contribute to "social" innovation in more or less the same way that "normal" entrepreneurship consists of the introduction of "normal" innovations. In the literature as well as in practice, the definition of concepts such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship has led to considerable confusion. We aim to bring clarity to the debate, arguing that every entrepreneurial action results in some measure of intended or unintended social innovation, regardless of whether the entrepreneurs in question are considered or consider themselves "social" or not. We test our insights in an investigation of 20 social enterprises that have a commercial business model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 17-26 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/854 %N 12 %1 ASN Bank Asceline Groot is Senior Communications Officer at ASN Bank, a Dutch consumer bank that focuses on sustainable investments. She is responsible for the online community of ASN Bank "Voor de Wereld van Morgen| (For the World of Tomorrow). She is also a part-time PhD candidate at the Institute of Management Research of the Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Her research is concerned with the effects of social entrepreneurs on society. She is the author of the books Het Nieuwe Groen (The New Green) and Dromen voor Altijd (Dreams for Ever). %2 Radboud University Nijmegen Ben Dankbaar is Emeritus Professor of Innovation Management at Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He is currently a part-time professor at the Automotive Institute of the HAN University of Applied Sciences in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and he is partner in InnoTeP (Innovation in Theory and Practice). He studied social sciences and economics at the University of Amsterdam and has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maastricht in The Netherlands. Ben Dankbaar has published widely on issues of technical change, work organization, innovation management, and industrial policy. He is also an expert on developments in the automobile industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/854 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Down the Rabbit Hole: How Structural Holes in Entrepreneurs' Social Networks Impact Early Venture Growth %A Mackenzie Adams %A Maged Makramalla %A Walter Miron %K entrepreneurs %K institutional order %K social networks %K structural holes %K venture growth %X Social networks play a significant role in the success of new entrepreneurial ventures. They provide an accumulation of tangible and intangible resources that are linked to entrepreneurial outcomes such as growth and innovation. The structure of social networks, specifically, has been linked to these outcomes; structural holes in social networks have shown an association with entrepreneurial success. Entrepreneurs who have many structural holes in their networks are thought to benefit from a rich source of divergent information. This article examines the complex nature of the relationships among social networks, formal institutions, and the outcomes of new ventures. It also explores the effects of a social network’s structural holes on growth in the early years of a venture’s development. We propose that structural holes of a social network, through a mediating role of institutional polycentrism, play an important role in the growth and profitability of a new venture as well as potential threats of exploitation. We then provide recommendations based on the reviewed literature for entrepreneurs and managers of formal institutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 19-27 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/828 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Mackenzie Adams is a serial entrepreneur, a Senior Technical Communicator in the Oil and Gas industry, and a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is also a Principal at THINQ I/O, a consulting company. Over the past 15 years, Mackenzie has worked in a variety of fields ranging from social work to accounting and has used those experiences to develop strong strategic and analytical skills. She is interested in the fields of artificial intelligence and quantum computing, and how they relate to cybersecurity. %2 Carleton University Maged Makramalla is a current graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechatronics Engineering from the German University in Cairo, Egypt. For three years, he has been working as Manager of the Sales and Marketing Department of TREND, a trading and engineering company based in Cairo. His primary research interest lies in the improvement of educational techniques by introducing experiential learning into the regular curriculum while promoting gamification of educational methods. %3 Carleton University Walter Miron is a Director of Technology Strategy at TELUS Communications, where he is responsible for the evolution of their TCP/IP and optical networks. He has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and service provider networking conducting technology selection and service development projects. Walter is a member of the research program committee of the SAVI project, the Heavy Reading Global Ethernet Executive Council, and the ATOPs SDN/nFV Working Group. He is also Chair of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and a board member of the Centre of Excellence for Next Generation Networking (CENGN) in Ottawa, Canada. Walter is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/828 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Developing an Innovation Engine to Make Canada a Global Leader in Cybersecurity %A Tony Bailetti %A Dan Craigen %A David Hudson %A Renaud Levesque %A Stuart McKeen %A D’Arcy Walsh %K business ecosystem %K cybersecurity %K innovation engine %K innovation in commercialization %K innovation in research and development %X An engine designed to convert innovation into a country’s global leadership position in a specific product market is examined in this article, using Canada and cybersecurity as an example. Five entities are core to the innovation engine: an ecosystem, a project community, an external community, a platform, and a corporation. The ecosystem is the focus of innovation in firm-specific factors that determine outcomes in global competition; the project community is the focus of innovation in research and development; and the external community is the focus of innovation in resources produced and used by economic actors that operate outside of the focal product market. Strategic intent, governance, resource flows, and organizational agreements bind the five entities together. Operating the innovation engine in Canada is expected to improve the level and quality of prosperity, security, and capacity of Canadians, increase the number of Canadian-based companies that successfully compete globally in cybersecurity product markets, and better protect Canada’s critical infrastructure. Researchers interested in learning how to create, implement, improve, and grow innovation engines will find this article interesting. The article will also be of interest to senior management teams in industry and government, chief information and technology officers, social and policy analysts, academics, and individual citizens who wish to learn how to secure cyberspace. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-14 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/711 %N 8 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Communications Security Establishment Canada Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH in Math and his MSc in Math from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Carleton University David Hudson has recently completed his doctoral studies at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He is a lecturer in information technology innovation in the MBA program at Sprott, a Director of the Lead to Win entrepreneurship program, and Chair of the Ontario Centres of Excellence advisory board for the Information, Communication, and Digital Media sector. David also consults with Fortune 500 firms on innovation management. Previously, he was the Vice President for advanced research and development at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. David received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. %4 Communications Security Establishment Canada Renaud Levesque is the Director General of Core Systems at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), where he is responsible for R&D and systems development. He has significant experience in the delivery of capability and organizational change in highly technical environments. His career began at CSEC in 1986 as a Systems Engineer, responsible for the development and deployment of numerous systems, including the CSEC IP corporate network in 1991. In 2000 Renaud went to work in the private sector as Head of Speech Technologies at Locus Dialogue, and later at Infospace Inc., where he became Director of Speech Solutions Engineering. He rejoined CSEC in 2003, where he assumed the lead role in the IT R&D section. Subsequently, as a Director General, he focused efforts towards the emergence of CSEC's Joint Research Office and The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing. Renaud holds a Bachelor of Engineering from l’École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Canada. %# Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Stuart McKeen works for the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (MRI), where he just finished serving a three-year secondment with the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev). At FedDev, he was both the Agency’s Manager of Innovation and the Manager of Entrepreneurship, Internship, and Youth Programs. He has worked in six different ministries of the Ontario Government over the past 30 years. In 2008, he was awarded the Amethyst Award, the Province of Ontario’s highest employee recognition award for his pioneering work on prospecting and developing large-scale international research consortiums that have brought jobs and investment to Ontario. Stuart holds a BScH degree in Zoology from the University of Western Ontario, Canada and a BA degree in Economics from the University of Toronto, Canada. %$ Communications Security Establishment Canada D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/711 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Designing Viable Business Models for Living Labs %A Bernhard Katzy %K business excellence model %K business models %K co-creation %K living labs %X Over 300 regions have integrated the concept of living labs into their economic development strategy since 2006, when the former Finnish Prime Minister Esko Aho launched the living lab innovation policy initiative during his term of European presidency. Despite motivating initial results, however, success cases of turning research into usable new products and services remain few and uncertainty remains on what living labs actually do and contribute. This practitioner-oriented article presents a business excellence model that shows processes of idea creation and team mobilization, new product development, user involvement, and entrepreneurship through which living labs deliver high-potential investment opportunities. Customers of living labs are identified as investors such as venture capitalists or industrial firms because living labs can generate revenue from them to create their own sustainable business model. The article concludes that living labs provide extensive support “lab” infrastructure and that it remains a formidable challenge to finance it, which calls for a more intensive debate. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 19-24 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/604 %N 9 %1 University BW Munich Bernhard R. Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at the University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in The Netherlands. He is founder and director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). Bernhard was invited to be the keynote speaker at the launch event of the European Living Lab movement in December 2006, is leading the knowledge-worker living lab (one of the first wave of living labs), and is founding member of ENoLL, the association of living labs. He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering and business management. He holds a PhD in industrial management from University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen in Germany and a second Ph.D. (Habilitation) in general management and technology management from University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interest is about entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/604 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Developmental Impact Analysis of an ICT-Enabled Scalable Healthcare Model in BRICS Economies %A Punit Saurabh %A Bhaskar Bhowmick %A Amrita %A Dhrubes Biswas %K business model innovation %K developmental Impact analysis %K DIA %K health technology %K social entrepreneurship %X This article highlights the need for initiating a healthcare business model in a grassroots, emerging-nation context. This article’s backdrop is a history of chronic anomalies afflicting the healthcare sector in India and similarly placed BRICS nations. In these countries, a significant percentage of populations remain deprived of basic healthcare facilities and emergency services. Community (primary care) services are being offered by public and private stakeholders as a panacea to the problem. Yet, there is an urgent need for specialized (tertiary care) services at all levels. As a response to this challenge, an all-inclusive health-exchange system (HES) model, which utilizes information communication technology (ICT) to provide solutions in rural India, has been developed. The uniqueness of the model lies in its innovative hub-and-spoke architecture and its emphasis on affordability, accessibility, and availability to the masses. This article describes a developmental impact analysis (DIA) that was used to assess the impact of this model. The article contributes to the knowledge base of readers by making them aware of the healthcare challenges emerging nations are facing and ways to mitigate those challenges using entrepreneurial solutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 25-31 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/565 %N 6 %1 Vinod Gupta School of Management Punit Saurabh is a senior researcher from the Vinod Gupta School of Management at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. His research specialization includes entrepreneurship and innovation technology management. He is also a research partner at Global Venture Lab (GVL). He has played an instrumental role in the successful establishment and functioning of the DSIR-run TePP Outreach Center at IIT-Kharagpur, providing innovation funding support to individual innovators. At the Center, he has overseen the development and commercialization of more than 30 path-breaking innovations and the functioning of several other innovation and entrepreneurship support programs. As a mentor to startup companies, he provides expert advice and active support to several university-based startups. %2 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Bhaskar Bhowmick is a faculty member at the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He is mentoring the dual-degree students in building their career as entrepreneurs. He is also guiding research scholars engaged in studies of business intelligence, business architecture, product development, and social media. His domain of focus is designing an ICT-driven innovation platform in an emerging-country context. He has written papers, cases, book chapters with peers in academia, and presented papers in international conferences. He is presently focusing on building a model of Education-Entrepreneurship-Enterprise-Environment relating to issues specific to emerging countries. %3 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Amrita is a Research Scholar in the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. She also oversees the incubation and entrepreneurship support program functioning under SRIC as a Senior Project Officer. She is actively engaged in the study of business intelligence in healthcare for future generations. Her other important areas of research are social media in healthcare. The setting of her research is focused on emerging nations such as India. She has played an active part in the health project implementation by the Society of Social Entrepreneurs (SSE), acting as an enabler of transformation for societal juncture for solving local problems by local solutions. %4 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Dhrubes Biswas is a Professor of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, Head of the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Professor-in-Charge of Incubation and Entrepreneurship, and Managing Director of Science and Technology at the Entrepreneurs’ Park at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He directs international university collaborations, technology parks, cross-functional business incubation, the Technology Business Incubator for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Govt. of India). He also coordinates the Technopreneur Promotion Program for Innovation grants (Govt. of India) and the Technology Entrepreneurship Development Program for grassroots entrepreneurs (Govt. of India). He has championed advanced research in “beyond Moore’s” electronic and optical devices in Metamorphic HEMT/ HBT, & SiGe devices at his nationally acclaimed “India Innovation Semiconductor Fab” at IIT in compound semiconductors. He is an internationally recognized expert in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) and in technology ventures in wireless electronics, cellular phone systems, and communication-related RFICs. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/565 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Defining Good Deals in Business Collectives %A Michael Ayukawa %X In the context of a current project at Carleton University to create creating a deal-making platform, this article presents the results of a recent review of the literature to determine: What is a good deal? This is question is asked from the perspective of the stakeholders in the development of a software-based collaboration tool that is designed to help streamline deal development between members. The stakeholders include the creators, the users, and the investors. We answer this question by examining several streams in the literature, all centered on understanding deals and deal-making processes. These streams explore the concept of a win-win deal, how value may be seen differently, and the group processes involved in deal making. A key contribution from this review suggests that deal goodness can be separated based on a Me-We construct: the impact to each and every stakeholder of the deal and the impact to the entire collective (not just the deal stakeholders). This implies one can separate the platform management problem into actor-centric (Me) and linkage-centric (We) domains. This is consistent with the notion of players balancing their self interest with the other stakeholders in the deal (Me-We). This is also consistent with the prospect of managing ecosystem health based on player and network-based metrics. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/434 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and plays an active in several emerging business ecosystem projects, including co-founding Cornerportal Inc., a company that will help bring economic opportunity to more individuals in more communities worldwide. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Developing Silicon IP with Open Source Tools %A Arthur Low %X The electronic design automation (EDA) tool industry is big business, and commercial licenses are extremely expensive. Open standards have driven many proprietary EDA technologies to be publicly released as free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) and some have become IEEE standards. Competition has partly given way to collaboration and has led to these standards. The development path of important EDA tools frequently now employs F/LOSS practices, which have overcome resistance to collaborative innovation between competing businesses. F/LOSS technologies are at the vanguard of leading-edge system-on-chip (SoC) design, not just because they are free, but also because they are valuable. The first commercial integrated circuits (ICs), designed by hand, helped guide manned space flight to the moon on the Apollo missions. In the past decade, silicon IP firms have shown they are limited only by their ideas, not by limited investment opportunities, and SoC firms have shown they can greatly reduce costs while innovating on the development of the largest new IC designs. This high-end technology is made accessible to startups because of open source. It is no longer just for mega-corporations. This article reviews the history of key advances in ICs and EDA tools. The common theme presented in this article for the driver of technology innovation is the requirement to develop the most advanced microprocessor possible. Today, a low-cost, high-value-added business model can efficiently serve the market for IC subsystems licensed as intellectual property (silicon IP) in the form of compilable source code. Alternatively, for larger SoC designs, engineering budgets can be shifted from the purchase of a relatively small number of high-cost EDA tool licenses to open source EDA technologies that can be run on massive compute-server farms. The two business models are not theoretical, but realistic. The author explains how his company (Crack Semiconductor) developed commercially successful cryptographic silicon IP using entirely open source EDA technologies and how another company (SiCortex) pushed the limits of IC design and open source EDA tools by simulating and verifying a massively parallel supercomputer. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/442 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Technology Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect, and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta and is completing his MSc. degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Deals Without Borders: A Value Proposition for the Open Global Commerce Keystone %A Michael Ayukawa %X The Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation (OCRI) and Carleton University have envisioned the creation of a keystone anchoring a global deal-generating business ecosystem centered in Ottawa, Canada. Through the support and common resources of the ecosystem, small and medium companies located in five international capital cities will be better able to construct and close more transnational deals through a process of collaborative and open co-creation. This is the Open Global Commerce (OGC) value proposition: "Deals Without Borders." %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/378 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is founder of Cornerportal, a company making it easy and low risk to organize your own cultural event. Michael is also a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University who has embraced the paradigm of the business ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Replicable and Sustainable Model of Business Incubation %A Ian Graham %X The only constant in the world these days seems to be the accelerating rate of change. This article explores, what are in the author's opinion, the driving forces of change; the decline of the TV industrial complex, business model migration, and the emergence of the knowledge economy. The changes in the way we live and work are having a very profound impact on how businesses start and grow. The paradigm and policy of the industrial era will not pave the way to success in a knowledge-based economy. The knowledge economy requires a significant paradigm shift in the way we structure incubators to successfully nurture and grow knowledge-based businesses. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/395 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 TheCodeFactory Ian Graham is founder of TheCodeFactory, which is a business incubator and collaborative co-working space in Ottawa, Canada. The incubator focuses on early-stage software startups in the web 2.0 and mobile 2.0 spaces and leverages the native strengths of the local ecosystem. Ian is a passionate entrepreneur committed to helping early-stage businesses succeed and grow. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Service Industry to Support the Sahana Disaster Management System %A Mark Prutsalis %X The Sahana Software Foundation governs humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) projects that address the information-coordination challenges of disaster management. Sahana software has been proven effective and is recommended by numerous industry sources from both the emergency management and business sectors. It fulfills critical needs to enable organizations responding to disasters to share information across organizational lines and to track and effectively manage disaster efforts. These needs are substantial and are growing because of climate change and urban population growth, which is leaving increasing numbers of people vulnerable and susceptible to the effects of disasters. Sahana fills a unique niche in the toolkit of emergency and disaster response agencies because it facilitates critical information sharing and coordination of efforts across all types of organizations and individuals involved, and is readily flexible to the needs that arise from any particular disaster. The software has its roots in the open source business community and has always been strongly supported by that industry. In this article, we describe an industry opportunity in HFOSS and provide evidence that Sahana software can be successfully commercialized. These factors make it a ripe time for open source businesses to engage cooperatively with the Sahana Software Foundation to support the growth of a service industry around Sahana software and HFOSS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/400 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 The Sahana Software Foundation Mark Prutsalis is the President and CEO of the Sahana Software Foundation, a non-profit organization that governs the free and open source Sahana Disaster Management System. He is also the Founder and President of Globaliist Inc., an emergency management and disaster response consulting company. Mark has over 18 years of operational disaster response and emergency management experience following major international and domestic sudden onset natural and man-made disasters. He is a member of the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM), the National Emergency Management Association (NEMA), and the Humanitarian Logistics Association (HLA). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Successful Open Source Training Model %A Belinda Lopez %X Training programs for open source software provide a tangible, and sellable, product. A successful training program not only builds revenue, it also adds to the overall body of knowledge available for the open source project. By gathering best practices and taking advantage of the collective expertise within a community, it may be possible for a business to partner with an open source project to build a curriculum that promotes the project and supports the needs of the company's training customers. This article describes the initial approach used by Canonical, the commercial sponsor of the Ubuntu Linux operating system, to engage the community in the creation of its training offerings. We then discuss alternate curriculum creation models and some of the conditions that are necessary for successful collaboration between creators of existing documentation and commercial training providers. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/319 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 Canonical Belinda Lopez is a Senior Learning Consultant, currently working as the Training Project Manager for Canonical, the commercial sponsor of the Ubuntu Linux distro. For the past 15 years she has helped create innovative learning solutions for everyone from preschoolers to astronauts. Before moving into the open source world, she was an Instructional Designer and Curriculum Developer in the Human Spaceflight Training program at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Prior to that amazing experience, she worked in the Center for Technology in Teaching and Learning at her alma mater, Rice University. Belinda has been following the Ubuntu Linux project for several years, being drawn into the project by the potential to use Ubuntu in education and learning environments. She has since become active in the Ubuntu Women's Project, the Ubuntu Learning Project and Edubuntu and hopes to encourage others to become more active in the various open source communities. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Differentiating Community from Customers in an F/LOSS Business %A Matthew Aslett %A Stephen Walli %X When software companies using free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) in their product and service offerings attempt to manage the customer pipeline and develop a community, problems may arise. Project communities and customer pipelines are not the same thing, although some participants belong to both groups. This creates confusion in the business and tension with the community. F/LOSS communities have been on the rise for the past two decades. Companies began to form around F/LOSS projects in the early 1990s, with some creating their own F/LOSS projects and some wrapping themselves around existing projects. This has created tension between company managers who are trying to earn profits from software that is "available for free," and from developers in communities that do not necessarily want to create software for someone else's corporate gain. This happens regardless of whether the company created the F/LOSS-licensed project itself, or participates in external communities around other projects, or both. This article demonstrates that separating the concepts of community and customer, and of project and product, allows a business to manage clearly both challenges of developing an engaged community and maximizing profits. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/385 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 The 451 Group Matthew Aslett is Senior Analyst, Enterprise Software for The 451 Group and covers the business of free and open source software for The 451 Group's Commercial Adoption of Open Source practice and data management software for the Information Management practice. Prior to joining The 451 Group, Matthew was Deputy Editor of the monthly magazine Computer Business Review and ComputerWire's daily news service. There he covered Linux and open source software and launched the successful Open Source Weblog in January 2006. %2 CodePlex Foundation Stephen R. Walli is Technical Director for the CodePlex Foundation. He has been in the software industry since 1980 as both customer and vendor. Previously as a consultant his clients included Symbian, Microsoft, and the Eclipse and Linux Foundations. In 1995, he was a founder and Vice-President, Research and Development at Softway Systems, a venture-backed startup that developed Interix to migrate UNIX applications to Windows NT based on the POSIX/UNIX standards he helped develop. Interix was Softway developed code, Microsoft licensed code, and a wealth of OSS covered by many licenses. Microsoft acquired Softway in 1999, where Stephen spent five years before joining another open source based start-up, Optaros, as Vice-President, Open Source Development Strategy. He left Optaros in 2006 to pursue his own interests. Stephen organized the first Beijing Open Source Software Forum as part of the Software Innovation Summit 2007, and remains interested in OSS growth in China. He blogs at: http://stephesblog.blogs.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Developing a Portal for Open Source Creation: A Brief Study %A Karen Opas-Lanouette %X This article discusses the historic genesis of one company's development of a portal and platform system that enables creators and their fans to work collaboratively between different mediums such as sequential art, graphica, concept, gaming, film/TV, and music. We examine challenges that arose and which are common to many startups. These include the protection of the intellectual property rights (IPR) of all parties, using open source software development to develop the portal, and the financial and personal toll that arises over the course of a startup?s journey. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/295 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 Ucreate Media Karen Opas-Lanouette, the editor for Ucreate Media and a lifelong fan of sequential arts, is inspired by the collaborative, borderless possibilities of open source creation. She has a background in the visual arts and as a professional writer/editor whose work has appeared in The Globe and Mail and Saturday Night Magazine. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Data Access in Canada: CivicAccess.ca %A Tracey P. Lauriault %A Hugh McGuire %X There is a global movement to liberate government-"owned" data sets, such as census data, environmental data, and data generated by government-funded research projects. This open data movement aims to make these datasets available, at no cost, to citizens, citizen groups, non-governmental-organizations (NGOs) and businesses. The arguments are many: such data spurs economic activity, helps citizens make better decisions, and helps us understand better who we are and where we are going as a country. Further, these data were collected using tax dollars, yet the government holds a monopoly which makes data available only to those able to pay the high access fees, while some data is not made available at all. The open data movement is lagging in Canada as demonstrated by exorbitant fees for such basics as the data set of postal codes correlated to electoral districts. This data could be used for any number of civic engagement projects, but it costs thousands of dollars due to Statistics Canada's policies of cost recovery. This article aims to bring these issues to a wider public. The long-term vision is a country in which citizens, specialists, professionals, academics, community groups and even businesses can work together, developing innovative information access and visualization tools, better decision-making models, and more tools responsive to the needs of the citizens. Liberating data will spur grassroots research on important social, economic, political and technical areas, currently hampered by lack of access to and high cost of civic data. Further, we want to link the debate about data to questions of government transparency and accountability, which pivot on access to accurate, reliable, and timely data. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/120 %N February 2008 %9 Articles %1 datalibre.ca Tracey P. Lauriault is a geographer. She is a member of the Senior Advisory Committee for an On-line Health Data and Community Mapping Portal, the Geographic and Numerical Information System (GANIS), and a research associate with Acacia Consulting and Research. Her research includes access and preservation to scientific data, olfactory cartography, transdisciplinary research, community mapping, homelessness, the application of geomatics technologies, cybercartography and infrastructures. She co-edits datalibre.ca, a blog about public access to government data in Canada. %2 datalibre.ca Hugh McGuire is a Montreal-based writer, web developer and free data activist. He is the founder of LibriVox.org, a volunteer Internet project with the objective of making free audio versions of all books in the public domain, now the most prolific audio book maker in the world. He co-edits datalibre.ca, a blog about public access to government data in Canada. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Developing an Open Source Reference Implementation of the Canadian Electronic Health Records Solution %A Mark Yendt %A Duane Bender %A Brian Minaji %X Developing a reference implementation of the Canada Health Infoway pan-Canadian Electronic Health Record Solution standard can be a useful step in ensuring the successful and cost-effective development of full scale electronic health systems in the Provincial Ministries of Health across Canada. These jurisdictions could benefit from the knowledge gained and the artifacts created in this prototype environment. The reference implementation utilizes an Enterprise Service Bus architecture and a Service Oriented Architecture design approach to build a Health Information Access Layer, as recommended by Canada Health Infoway. The system components and supporting technology developed will be released as open source. This set of technology could represent a starting point for prototyping an implementation in a production environment, for creating a standards development platform, for standards conformance testing, and/or as a test bed for evaluating alternative software components in a HIAL environment. Mohawk Applied Research Centre for Health Informatics at Mohawk College in Hamilton, Ontario, along with public and private sector partners, is continuing to build a reference implementation of the pan-Canadian Infoway standard that demonstrates the ESB/SOA approach. This article summarizes the project to date and suggested future research areas that will reduce the cost, risk and time barriers to widespread adoption of eHealth systems in Canada. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/204 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 Mohawk College Mark Yendt is a fulltime Faculty member in the Software Engineering Technology Department at Mohawk College. He graduated from the Chemical Engineering Technology Program at Mohawk College in 1983. Mark worked in the wastewater engineering industry with a focus on the development of process modeling software. In 1994, Mark was a co-recipient of the Harrison Prescott Eddy Medal for Noteworthy Research awarded by the Water Environment Federation. His current research activities include software process visualization and optimization of systems using the HL7v3 standard. %2 Mohawk College Duane Bender is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) in Ontario and a fulltime Faculty member in the Software Engineering Technology Department at Mohawk College. He graduated from the Computer Engineering and Management program at McMaster University in 1996 and is currently enrolled in the McMaster MBA program. Duane is the founding faculty member of the MARC HI, and performs Applied Research in the area of eHealth. His current research interests include building large scale eHealth systems using ESB and SOA architectures and the IHE, CDA, DICOM and HL7v3 standards. %3 Mohawk College Brian Minaji graduated from Computer System Technology at Mohawk College in 1986. He worked as an IT professional in a number of different industries for the next 15 years. In 2001, he joined the faculty of Software Engineering Technology at Mohawk College. He has been involved with the MARC HI project since its inception. His research interests include helping build the Canadian EHRS Reference Implementation. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Driving Innovation Through Interoperability %A John Weigelt %X Today's difficult economic environment provides a time of change where information technology matters more than ever. As business and service delivery leaders look to become even more effective and efficient in meeting their client's expectations, they are increasingly looking to electronic channels as an integral element of their business strategies. Regrettably, the ever increasing pace of technological change often disconnects the technology from the business requirements. This disconnection hides technology innovations from the business and has a broader impact of preventing business innovation. This article discusses the role service oriented architecture and interoperability can play in keeping an organization innovative and competitive. We also discuss Microsoft's interoperability principles, its commitment to its open source community, and the benefits of embracing openness as part of an organization's business strategy. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/215 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Microsoft John Weigelt is the National Technology Officer for Microsoft Canada and is responsible for driving Microsoft Canada's strategic policy and technology efforts. Mr. Weigelt is the lead public advocate within the company on key issues such as the development of national technology policy and the use of technology by government, healthcare and education. Prior to joining Microsoft, John held the position of Senior Director of Architecture, Standards and Engineering at the Chief Information Officer Branch of the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. John holds a Master's Degree in computer and communications security from the Royal Military College of Canada and is a certified information systems security professional and a certified information security manager. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Defining Open Source %A Russ Nelson %X The Open Source Initiative and the Free Software Foundation share a common goal: that everyone should be free to modify and redistribute the software they commonly use. 'Should' is of course a normative word. For the FSF, 'should' is a moral imperative. Anything else is an immoral restriction on people's activities, just as are restrictions on speech, press, movement, and religion. For the OSI, freedom is a necessary precondition for a world where "software doesn't suck", in the words of a founder of the OSI. The FSF started from its founder's GNU Manifesto widely published in 1985. Given the manifesto's hostility to copyright, and given the failure of the Free Software Foundation to gain any traction amongst commercial users of software even with a 13-year head start, a group of people gathered together in 1998 to talk about a new strategy to get the corporate world to listen to hackers. They were impressed by Eric Raymond's Cathedral and the Bazaar's take-up among business leaders. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/74 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 Open Source Initiative Russell Nelson is a founding board member of the Open Source Initiative. Although a board member, he's just one board member and the opinions expressed herein are his own, and not official board positions. He has been writing open source before we started calling it open source. His software has made it into McDonald's cash registers, operating rooms, and aircraft flight control systems. At one point, his GPL'ed packet drivers were arguably running on more CPUs than anything the Free Software Foundation had written. This isn't the case anymore, of course.