%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries: An evidence-based systematic review and bibliometric analysis %A Abu Naser Mohammad Saif %A K. M. Anwarul Islam %A Afruza Haque %A Hamida Akhter %A S.M. Masudur Rahman %A Nusrat Jafrin %A Rasheda Akter Rupa and Rehnuma Mostafa %K bibliometric analysis %K blockchain %K challenges %K developing country %K implementation %K PRISMA %K systematic review %K VOSviewer %X Contemporary research on technology and innovation management has gauged blockchain as a catalyst for the electronic-information era. As developing countries around the globe are facing challenges to adopt and implement blockchain, this evidence-based systematic review aims to identify the implementation challenges of blockchain technology for developing countries. A total of 1,298 published documents during the period 2016-2021 from the Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases were explored to recognize 19 appropriate publications for research analysis using a PRISMA flow diagram. Based on the identified challenges from the thorough reviews of these 19 publications, using the association technique, the authors developed four comprehensive themes as broad challenges: technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge. Later, they performed bibliometric analyses using VOSviewer 1.6.17, and based on the bibliometric evidence constructed term co-occurrence network plots. The results show that developing countries face challenges vis-à-vis technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge issues when implementing blockchain technology. Hence, to make blockchain adoption and implementation processes successful in developing countries, these broad categories of challenges must be properly addressed. In addition, practitioners of disruptive technology, policymakers, consultants, IT experts, business people, top company managers, and above all, respective governments need to pay attention to these challenges for accelerating the blockchain adoption and implementation process in developing countries. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010202 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1479 %N 1/2 %1 University of Dhaka Abu Naser Mohammad Saif serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. He has published high-impact research articles in the top peer-reviewed Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals. His recent Scopus and Web of Science indexed book chapter has appeared in a Taylor & Francis Hardcover. He acted as Resource Person as well as Session Chair in the International Conference organized by Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India. As well, he has presented research papers at various international conferences held in Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. He achieved the ‘Best Paper Award’ in the 1st International Youth Conference 2021 jointly organized by Penang Youth Development Corporation and Universiti Sains Malaysia. His research interests include innovation and technology, enterprise information systems, sustainable human resource development, green supply chain management, blockchain, and technology acceptance models for industry-specific studies. %2 The Millennium University K. M. Anwarul Islam serves as an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration at The Millennium University, Bangladesh. He completed his graduation from the University of Dhaka and currently is pursuing a PhD in Malaysia. He has over 100 scientific papers, either presented or published, in reputed journals indexed in ABDC, ERA, ABS, Scopus, and WoS. He is an internationally recognized expert in many areas of Islamic Finance and Banking. He has served as a member of various research and scientific societies and acted on a number of institutional committees. Additionally, he has written five books. He is the Founder and Editor-In-Chief of Indian Journal of Finance and Banking, USA (ABDC Rank), International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, USA (ABDC Rank), and International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research (USA). %3 Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Afruza Haque serves as a Lecturer in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh. She earned her BBA and MBA in Management Information Systems from the University of Dhaka, where she placed third and second, respectively. Ms. Haque has published research articles in several reputed peer-reviewed journals and presented research papers at different international conferences. Her research interests include FinTech, big data, blockchain technology, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and public policy. %4 University of Dhaka Hamida Akhter serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She earned an MBA with distinction from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Her research interests include green technology, social informatics, IoT, and artificial intelligence. %# Swinburne University of Technology S.M. Masudur Rahman is a Master of Business (Research) student in the Faculty of Business, Design and Arts (FBDA) at the Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia. Mr. Masud has published quality research articles in the top peer-reviewed journals such as Global Business and Economics Review, International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. He also presented research papers at different international conferences held in Malaysia, and Bangladesh. He received BBA with distinction from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. He got a Dean’s Merit Award and Dean’s Honor Award for his outstanding academic performance in the BBA program. His current research interests include finance and accounting, financial econometrics, CSR, innovation and entrepreneurship, and sustainable development. %$ University of Dhaka Nusrat Jafrin serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Population Sciences at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Since joining, she has been involved as a core member of national-level research projects related to demography in collaboration with the UNFPA, Bangladesh. She has published quality research articles in top-tier journals such as Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Population Review, Demografie, International Journal of Social Economics, Operations Research and Decisions, and Cogent Education. Her research interests include economic demography, development economics, sustainable development, poverty and inequality, population and environment. Her latest Scopus and Web of Science indexed book chapter appeared in a Taylor & Francis Hardcover. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD at the Faculty of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. %] Prime University Rasheda Akter Rupa serves as a Lecturer in the Department of Business Administration at Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. She earned an MBA in Management Information Systems from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ms. Rupa achieved the Prime Minister Gold Medal 2017 for her outstanding academic performance in the BBA program at the University of Dhaka. Her research interests include big data, artificial intelligence, and green supply chain management. Her latest research article on green supply chain management appeared in an ABS, ABDC, and Scopus indexed SAGE journal. and Universiti Malaysia Perlis Rehnuma Mostafa is pursuing her PhD in Management at the Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. She earned an MBA in Management from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She has published quality research articles in top peer-reviewed journals such as LogForum, Cogent Education. Her research interests include human resource management, innovation management, and media management. She is a well-known Bangladeshi media personality and public relations specialist. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1479 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Can Blockchain Improve Healthcare Management? %A Marc Pilkington %K Blockchain Technology %K Electronic Health Records %K healthcare %K Internet of Things %X The paper sets out to examine the relevance of blockchain technology for healthcare management in general, and specifically for consumer medical electronics and connected portable devices. After considering the pivotal role of electronic health records in the first part of the paper, we then analyze the holistic transformative role of blockchain for healthcare data management, illustrated by a set of emerging use cases. Following that, we address the fast-growing segment of consumer medical electronics and the Internet of Medical Things. Finally, we highlight the digital community-building role of public private partnerships for emerging healthcare strategy design. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010203 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1480 %N 1/2 %1 University of Burgundy Franche Comté Marc Pilkington is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Burgundy Franche Comté, France currently on secondment as Associate Professor of Business Administration at Epoka University, Albania. His interests are in blockchain technology, cryptocurrency, monetary macroeconomics, tourism and higher education systems. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1480 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T The Diffusion of Blockchain as a General Purpose Technology Driving Digital Transformation %A Jason Windawi %K blockchain %K digital %K general purpose technology %K innovation %K institutions %K transformation %X Digital transformation as a process is integrally linked to the creation and diffusion of a set of general purpose technologies (GPTs) that provide both the motive force, as well as the means, for the transformation of existing industries and the creation of entirely new ones. This article takes as its subject the diffusion of one such technology - blockchain - and explores the relationship between the Schumpeterian innovation at the core of its diffusion and digital transformation as a macro process. Theoretically, I work from Rogers' definition of diffusion as a locally heterogeneous process in which variation in a new technology’s use and adaptation are driven by the decisions of entrepreneurs working in specific contexts, as well as Schumpeter's concept of innovation as a form of recombination. I explore variation in these processes of innovation and recombination across three broad clusters of implementations: Digital Economies, Extra-Institutional Trust, and Digital Finance. I find that each of these clusters is marked by a distinct form of innovation defined by differing patterns of recombination with other digital GPTs, and by the role that institutions and institutional actors play in this variation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010201 %8 05-2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1478 %N 1/2 %1 Princeton University and Rook DAO A. Jason Windawi is a blockchain researcher and the Organizational and Design Lead at Rook DAO. He recently completed a PhD in Sociology at Princeton University, where his dissertation research examined blockchain technology as a form of digital transformation, as well as new forms of organization and governance involved in its implementation. He holds an MA in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from Columbia University and an AB in Political Science from Stanford University. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1478 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Editorial: Blockchain and Digital Transformation (1/2, 2022) %A Mika Westerlund %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %8 05/2022 %G eng %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T The Impact of FinTech and Blockchain Technologies on Banking and Financial Services %A Anitha Kumari %A N. Chitra Devi %K Blockchain Technology %K decentralized finance %K digital banking %K FinTech %X With the emergence of new technologies, banks and financial services around the globe are taking advantage. The rapid development of information technology, internet connectivity, and smartphones has influenced the banking and financial services sector. The combination of financial technology (FinTech) and blockchain is deliberately transforming digital banking services. This study explores the intervention of FinTech and blockchain technologies in digital banking and financial services. The present study shows that FinTech and blockchain have a strong influence on the digitalization trends. The research focuses on processes of modernization in banking and financial services in addition to particular focus on the community. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010204 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1481 %N 1/2 %1 Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Anitha Kumari is pursuing her Ph.D. in the School of Management, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science. Her Bachelor's degree was in Computer Applications, while she obtained a Master's in Business Administration with a specialty in finance and systems. She has five years of teaching experience in academics. Her research interests include information systems, new technologies, and digital banking services. %2 Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science N. Chitra Devi is an assistant professor at the Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science. She has 11 years of teaching experience in academics and research. She has authored many articles and published papers in indexed and peer-reviewed journals. She has reviewed many research papers in the area of stock market analysis and econometrics. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1481 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Interview: Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services. Part I: Transformation and Adoption of DLTs, Technology and Innovation, Markets and Money Management %A Maryanne Morrow %A Matthew Midson %A Gregory Sandstrom %K blockchain %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %K FinTech %K Real Time Settlement %X This interview on “Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services” between 9th Gear Technologies, Inc., CPQi and the TIM Review took place on April 22nd and 29th, 2022. The interviewees were Maryanne Morrow, CEO, Founder, and Chairman of 9th Gear, and Matthew Midson, CEO, North America, CPQi. The interview was conducted by Gregory Sandstrom, Managing Editor, TIM Review. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010205 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1482 %N 1/2 %1 9th Gear Technologies Maryanne brings more than 25 years as a corporate veteran in the financial, marketing and advertising industries to her role as founder and CEO of 9th Gear Technologies where she is responsible for leading corporate strategy, scaling the company and investor relations. She is a capital markets specialist, launching a family of mutual funds and architecting fee-based asset management platforms for banks, broker dealers and insurance firms. Maryanne previously served as CEO of SurgeXLR, a boutique accelerator she founded that focused on faster paths to monetization. She was also involved in two successful exits (to Standard & Poor’s and BNP Paribas), and consulted on the custom content and advertising efforts of many financial firms while working at The Wall Street Journal. Maryanne is an active angel investor and an expert on distributed ledger technology, ICOs and cryptocurrency. Maryanne was educated at Cornell University (Material Science Engineering), LeMoyne (Finance) and Whittier Law School with continuous learning at Stanford University (Scaling Blockchain, Valuation Modeling, Angel Investing and part of the Blockchain Club). %2 CPQi Matt leads CPQi North American practice and is responsible for all aspects of the IT consulting business. Matt has over 29 years of combined industry and consulting experience in the Financial Services Industry. Prior to his more recent management consulting roles, Matt held long tenures in several large Global Banks (HSBC, Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, RBS), managing all aspects of Technology and Business focused heavily on Global Capital Markets and Global Banking sectors. Matt has a proven record in delivering business and technology strategies to support growth of business revenue plans, operational effectiveness initiatives, while balancing the demands of today’s highly regulated environment. Matt’s extensive financial services career originated from hands-on execution roles, through middle/upper management to an experienced CIO. His senior leadership roles have involved leading large diverse direct and non-direct teams in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. %3 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1482 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Interview: Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services. Part II: Governance and Legal Issues, Future Opportunities, Development Needs and Research Pathways %A Maryanne Morrow %A Matthew Midson %A Gregory Sandstrom %K blockchain %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %K FinTech %K Real Time Settlement %X This interview on “Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services” between 9th Gear Technologies, Inc., CPQi and the TIM Review took place on April 22nd and 29th, 2022. The interviewees were Maryanne Morrow, CEO, Founder, and Chairman of 9th Gear, and Matthew Midson, CEO, North America, CPQi. The interview was conducted by Gregory Sandstrom, Managing Editor, TIM Review. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010206 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1483 %N 1/2 %1 9th Gear Technologies Maryanne brings more than 25 years as a corporate veteran in the financial, marketing and advertising industries to her role as founder and CEO of 9th Gear Technologies where she is responsible for leading corporate strategy, scaling the company and investor relations. She is a capital markets specialist, launching a family of mutual funds and architecting fee-based asset management platforms for banks, broker dealers and insurance firms. Maryanne previously served as CEO of SurgeXLR, a boutique accelerator she founded that focused on faster paths to monetization. She was also involved in two successful exits (to Standard & Poor’s and BNP Paribas), and consulted on the custom content and advertising efforts of many financial firms while working at The Wall Street Journal. Maryanne is an active angel investor and an expert on distributed ledger technology, ICOs and cryptocurrency. Maryanne was educated at Cornell University (Material Science Engineering), LeMoyne (Finance) and Whittier Law School with continuous learning at Stanford University (Scaling Blockchain, Valuation Modeling, Angel Investing and part of the Blockchain Club). %2 CPQi Matt leads CPQi North American practice and is responsible for all aspects of the IT consulting business. Matt has over 29 years of combined industry and consulting experience in the Financial Services Industry. Prior to his more recent management consulting roles, Matt held long tenures in several large Global Banks (HSBC, Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, RBS), managing all aspects of Technology and Business focused heavily on Global Capital Markets and Global Banking sectors. Matt has a proven record in delivering business and technology strategies to support growth of business revenue plans, operational effectiveness initiatives, while balancing the demands of today’s highly regulated environment. Matt’s extensive financial services career originated from hands-on execution roles, through middle/upper management to an experienced CIO. His senior leadership roles have involved leading large diverse direct and non-direct teams in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. %3 Technology Information Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1483 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T The Acceptance of Digital Surveillance in an Age of Big Data %A Mika Westerlund %A Diane A. Isabelle %A Seppo Leminen %K Acceptance %K Biometric %K Citizen Privacy %K digital identity %K Digital surveillance %K Intelligence activities %K Mass surveillance %K personal data %K privacy %X News media companies and human rights organizations have been increasingly warning about the rise of the surveillance state that builds on distrust and mass surveillance of its citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic is fostering digitalization and state-corporate collaboration, leading to the introduction of contact tracing apps and other digital surveillance technologies that bring about societal benefits, but also increase privacy invasion. This study examines citizens' concerns about their digital identity, the nation-state's intelligence activities, and the security of biodata, addressing their impacts on the trust in and acceptance of governmental use of personal data. Our analysis of survey data from 1,486 Canadians suggest that those concerns have negative impacts on citizens' acceptance of governmental use of personal data, but not necessarily on their trust in the nation-state being respectful of privacy. Government and corporations, it is concluded, should be more transparent about the collection and uses of data, and citizens should be more active in "watching the watchers" in the age of Big Data. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 32-44 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1427 %N 3 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Carleton University Diane A. Isabelle, PhD, is an Associate Professor of International Business at Carleton University. Her research focuses broadly on the areas of science, innovation, and techno-entrepreneurship within a global context. Specifically, her research is organized around the following three inter-related themes: 1) International entrepreneurship & ecosystems, 2) Internationalization (International New Ventures and SMEs), 3) Global collaborative research and Science, Technology and Innovation policy. In addition to these themes, she is researching and publishing on Technology-integrated and international interdisciplinary experiential learning in higher education. Prior to joining Sprott in 2011, Dr. Isabelle worked in several senior executive roles related to science, technology and industrial research (Industrial Research Assistance Program - IRAP) at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Government of Canada’s premier research and technology organization. She started her career as a project engineer for several multinational firms, including General Electric, Esso and Boeing Aerospace. %3 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is Drammen City Municipality chaired (Full) Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. He is an Associate Editor in Techovation and an Associate editor in BRQ, Business Research Quarterly. His current research topics includes digital business models and ecosystems (cf. Internet of Things), robotics, block chains, living labs, innovation ecosystems, collaborative and networked models of innovations, collaborative methods of innovations, as well as management and marketing models for different types of companies. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %& 32 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1427 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes of a Sharing Economy: A Systematic Literature Review %A Shweta Shirolkar %A Kanchan Patil %K access-based economy %K antecedents and motivators %K collaborative consumption %K decisions %K determinants %K gig economy %K outcomes %K sharing economy %X This article provides a comprehensive framework-based review of literature on "Sharing Economy" (SE) using an ADO (antecedents, decisions, and outcomes) framework. Based on extensive coverage of studies published over a period of 12 years between 2008 and 2020, we reviewed extant research on this phenomenon from both, more developed and emerging countries. Using PRISMA methodology inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 93 articles for the review. The motivation to undertake this research was to understand emerging consumer behavior that intends to collaborate for consumption with the help of technological innovation. We identified major theoretical frameworks developed for investigating SEs and collaborative consumption behavior. The findings of the paper reveal possible antecedents, decisions, and outcomes of SEs. Many areas in the SE domain remain underexplored, despite recent significant advancements, and for this the paper provides directions for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 59-71 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1474 %N 11-12 %1 SIBM, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Ms. Shweta Shirolkar is a part time Research Scholar at Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Her area of interest is Marketing Research, Business Research, and Research Methodology. She completed her MBA in Marketing and is currently pursuing her Ph.D. from Symbiosis International (Deemed University). She has almost 5 years of industry experience in a leading Marketing Research Agency and 8 years of academic experience. She has attended and presented papers at various national and international conferences. She has also published research papers in ISBN-ISSN journals, including a case study on family-owned businesses in Strategic Management Category at ET cases listed as their product. She has published papers in UGC Care Journal and Book Chapters published In Book Listed on various e-commerce platforms. %2 SCIT, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Dr. Kanchan Patil is Deputy Director and Associate Professor at the Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Her area of expertise is Marketing and Information Communication Technology. She completed a Ph.D. degree in Management, Master of Business Studies, Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management, and a Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Telecommunications). She has 20 years of academic experience and has completed a minor research funded project for the Indian Council of Social Sciences Research. She has attended several international and national research conferences and published research papers in peer-reviewed journals. %& 59 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1474 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Barriers to Value Specification when Carrying out Digitalization Projects %A Sten Grahn %A Anna Granlund %A Erik Lindhult %K automation %K digitalization %K effectiveness %K resource-efficiency %K Value specification %X If digitalization projects aim to effectively create value for a company, one precondition is having a shared view among company staff and project members of what the "desirable" value is. However, it has been shown that few companies fully understand the value that digitalization projects can create for them, while many companies still launch digitalization projects without having gained much understanding. This contributes to the current "alarmingly" low success rate for digitalization projects. Developing effective methods to specify the desired values of digitalization projects has hence become important. One step in developing improved specification methods is to ask what the possible barriers are to improving current value specification practices. The purpose of the current study is to address this. We analyzed several digitalization projects regarding how specifications of desired project value were carried out, finding that very limited resources are spent on specifying desired values in digitalization projects, this limits project success. Likewise, there are several barriers to increasing resources for specifying desired values. Our findings contribute to understanding the development of value specification methods that aim to overcome these barriers and thus could help improve the success rate of digitalization projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 54-64 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1442 %N 5 %1 Mälardalen University Sten Grahn has several years of experience in the manufacturing and energy industries, including several leading industrial roles and responsibilities. He currently holds a position as senior lecturer at the Division of Product Realization, Mälardalen University. He also holds a position as a researcher for RISE IVF AB. His main research interests concern system optimization and automation, especially identifying how resource efficiency efforts should be balanced to generate environmentally sustainable business, as well as long-term profits. %2 Mälardalen University Anna Granlund holds a position as senior lecturer at the Division of Product Realization, Mälardalen University. Her research interests are in the area of production development, specifically technology development in the manufacturing industry. Her research mainly addresses strategy and organizational aspects of technology development, as well as coordinating production and technology development in IMNs. She has thirteen years of experience coproducing research projects in the areas of automation development and managing production development in IMNs. %3 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult holds a position as senior lecturer at the Division of Innovation Management, Mälardalen University, Sweden. His main area of research is service innovation, systemic innovation, and value-driven innovation. He has been engaged in research, education, and with the international research community for several decades on participatory, collaborative, and democratic approaches to action research and innovation, as well as entrepreneurship for sustainable social development. %& 54 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1442 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Call for Papers: Blockchain and Digital Transformation %K blockchain %K decentralized autonomous organizations %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V - %P - %8 07/2021 %G eng %N - %& - %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Call for Papers: Distributed Ledger Technologies for Smart Digital Economies %K artificial intelligence %K blockchain %K cybersecurity %K digital economy %K distributed ledger technology %K smartification %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 1-1 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1422 %N 2 %& 1 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1422 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Can Artificial Intelligence be a Critical Success Factor of Construction Projects? Practitioner perspectives %A Virender Kumar %A Amrendra Pandey %A Rahul Singh %K artificial intelligence %K Construction Projects %K Critical Success Factors %K Project Success %X The construction sector has not been altogether successful in adopting automated systems. Related research on artificial intelligence has mainly been confined to the development of software models for a specific subset of construction work. This study aims to identify whether artificial intelligence is a potential critical success factor for construction project success. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The interviewees were selected on the basis of convenience and included highly experienced project managers from the global community with expertise in project management working on large construction projects. Our research shows that senior project managers perceive artificial intelligence as different from information technology and advanced project management software. Major drawbacks of artificial intelligence were found to be (i) lack of soft skills, (ii) lack of intelligence to interpret things in various ways like human beings, and (iii) lack of human relationship capabilities, including the ways people manage projects. The interviewees believe that artificial intelligence is still years away from becoming self-aware. This study improves the understanding of artificial intelligence as a success factor for construction projects and provides future directions for research in this field. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-32 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1471 %N 11-12 %1 Birla Institute of Management and Technology Virender Kumar is a senior business manager and a certified project professional (IPMA- B) with complex project management certification from France. He has more than 28 years of professional work experience in engineering design and supervision, construction, and project management consulting work. His professional experience includes working at senior roles in leading firms like AECOM, EGIS, Yooshin Engineering corporation etc. in India. He is a research scholar at Birla Institute of Management Technology. His research focuses on critical success factors, artificial intelligence, project management and project success. %2 Gitam University Dr. Amrendra Pandey is Assistant Professor at the Kautilya School of Public Policy, GITAM University. He is an economist and researcher with expertise in text mining, machine learning, monetary economics, macroeconomic policy regulation, and econometrics. He has been a Visiting Professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, and a Course Coordinator for the PGDM program at Birla Institute of Management and Technology. Dr. Pandey has numerous research papers and articles to his credit. %3 Birla Institute of Management and Technology Dr. Rahul Singh is Professor of Strategy and Globalization, and Chair of Strategy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Area at Birla Institute of Management Technology. He is also a European Higher Education Expert for the European Union, as well as visiting professor at FH Joanneum University, Austria and KEDGE Business School, France. His primary areas of research are in Strategic Management, Globalization, Emerging Markets and Sustainability. He has published in top-tier journals and has been the founding Editor-in-Chief of two international journals. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1471 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T The Catch-22 in Strategizing for Radical Innovation %A Helle Alsted Søndergaard %A Mette Præst Knudsen %A Nicolai Søndergaard Laugesen %K corporate strategy %K innovation strategy %K radical innovation %K strategy challenges %X Corporate strategy development is a well-oiled and recurring process in most established companies. Innovation strategy, however, especially for radical innovation, is new and unknown territory. This creates challenges for companies with radical innovation ambitions. We followed the innovation strategy work of nine large organisations, finding that they all struggle with the process and how to link innovation with corporate strategy in a meaningful way, while at the same time not hampering the innovative ambitions of the organisation. We identify two main challenges of gravitation and alignment, and develop a framework aimed at asking the questions necessary for increasing awareness about inherent business challenges, and how to overcome them at the intersection between corporate and innovation strategy work. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 4-16 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1425 %N 3 %1 Aarhus University Helle Alsted Søndergaard is Associate professor in Innovation management at the Department of Management, Aarhus University. Her research is focused on aspects of open innovation including employee attitude to external knowledge, employee and user innovation as well as innovation strategy. She has published her work in journals such as Technovation, International Journal of Technology Management, and European Journal of Innovation Management. %2 University of Southern Denmark Mette Præst Knudsen is Professor of Innovation Management and Director of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management, Department of Marketing & Management at the University of Southern Denmark. Her research focuses on innovation management including topics like open innovation and innovation strategy. Further she is concerned with barriers to commercialization of emerging technologies, and how emerging technologies are embedded and grow within innovation eco-systems. Her research has been published in journals such as Journal of Product Innovation Management, Research Policy, Technovation, and Industrial and Corporate Change. She currently serves as Associate Editor for Technology Innovation Management Review, Area Editor for Technovation, and as Senior Advisor for Creativity and Innovation Management Journal. %3 Falck A/S Nicolai Søndergaard Laugesen is Global Head of Development & Commercial Excellence at Falck A/S, a global healthcare and ambulance service company. His responsibilities cover both strategies and development of new healthcare solutions. %& 4 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1425 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Charting a Course of Action: An Insider-Outsider Approach %A Paul Woodfield %A Katharina Ruckstuhl %A Rafaela C.C. Rabello %K action research %K Ethnography %K Innovation management %K Insider-Outsider %K narrative %K Participant-Observer %K Reflexivity %K Sense-Making %X We explore an alternative approach to action research that can be implemented throughout the lifespan of a science and technology research programme. We do this by examining the emergence and development of a participant-observer research approach where a researcher is also part of the same community of practice as those being observed in the technology and innovation management context. Our motivation stems from the need to understand innovation processes and management over a long period. Typically, consultants are employed for a given period to carry out action research. We present a case where social scientists, as opposed to action research consultants, carried out action research after a history of relationship building and becoming embedded within a longitudinal science and technology research programme. This allowed the social science researchers to build trust and rigor with those being observed before engaging an action research approach. We present our case as a narrative of experiences, events and turning points, reporting on what was observed and experienced by these social scientists. Our study extends current knowledge by mapping the research journey toward action research through three phases: navigation, iteration, and reflection phases. We argue that richer insights are generated when participant-observers engage early, and that their insights lead to action research that is more informed. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 48-66 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1456 %N 7/8 %1 Auckland University of Technology Dr. Paul Woodfield is a Senior Lecturer at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, and holds a PhD from the University of Auckland. Building on his entrepreneurship and family business PhD research he received funding to investigate “Innovation in New Zealand’s Traditional Industries.” He is in the Department of International Business, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship at AUT and is also part of the “Building New Zealand's Innovation Capacity” spearhead for the National Science Challenge: Science for Technological Innovation. He has published in the areas of family business, entrepreneurship, wine business, methods, and science, technology, and innovation. %2 University of Otago Dr. Katharina Ruckstuhl is an Associate Dean at the Otago Business School, University of Otago, New Zealand and holds a PhD from Otago. Dr. Ruckstuhl co-leads the “Building New Zealand’s Innovation Capacity” social science research of the National Science Challenge, Science for Technological Innovation. She is also the Vision Mātauranga (Māori knowledge) leader, a “Theme” that crosses all the Challenge’s research activities. She has published in the areas of Māori language, resource extraction in Māori territories, Māori entrepreneurship in SMEs, Indigenous science and technology, and Indigenous Knowledge. %3 University of Otago Dr. Rafaela C.C. Rabello currently holds a PhD in social investment in the oil and gas sector and a Master’s in Education, awarded with distinction by the University of Otago, New Zealand. Rafaela also holds a B.A. in Psychology from Centro Universitário de Brasília - DF, Brazil. Rafaela has worked within the fields of corporate social responsibility - in the oil and gas sector - and education for more than 10 years. She has published in the areas of corporate social responsibility; social investment in the oil and gas sector, higher education and good teaching and effective learning methodologies in higher education. %& 48 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1456 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Closer Look at Living Labs and Higher Education using a Scoping Review %A Renée van den Heuvel %A Susy Braun %A Manon de Bruin %A Ramon Daniëls %K approaches %K definitions %K higher education %K key elements %K Living lab %K scoping review %X As society changes rapidly, there is a need to educate professionals who contribute to innovation and complex adaptations in organizations. As part of this education, companies, governmental bodies and other stakeholders have sought collaboration on complex issues in "living labs". Living labs are recognized as educational environments to prepare students in higher education for future roles. The aim of this article is to explore the nature and extent of the scientific literature about living labs in which actors in higher education actively participate. In total, 21 articles were included in this scoping review. Research into this topic appears to be relatively new. Definitions of living labs are mostly in line with the definition used by the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL), with its large variation of lab locations. Few results about organization and governance were identified. Different lessons learned regarding processes, interaction and requirements for successful living labs were found. The design of learning is mostly described by learning activities. Learning outcomes are described in generic and specific competences and assessments in living labs are rarely described. The authors recommend more detailed studies into aspects of the successful participation of higher education to gain knowledge about enhancing learning outcomes, and the effects of educational activities within living lab environments. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 30-40 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1463 %N 9/10 %1 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Renée van den Heuvel, PhD is a post-doctoral researcher at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Reseach Centre for Assistive Technology in Care. In 2018, she finished her PhD about robots that support play in children with severe physical disabilities. During this project she became interested in sustainable collaboration with health care practise, research, and education, for example, in living labs. Next to her research activities about living labs, Renée is a lecturer in the occupational therapy department and lecturer-practitioner at the Multidisciplinary Care and Innovation Centre Zuyd-Adelante at the Adelante rehabilitation centre. %2 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Susy Braun, PhD (Health, Medicine and Life Sciences) is a professor of Applied Science. Her research focusses on the development, evaluation, and implementation of personalized intervention programs, along with the potential role of technology. Co-creation, working with multiple stakeholders and involving client representatives play an essential role in her research. Dr. Braun is head of the Research Center of Nutrition, Lifestyle and Exercise at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences. %3 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Manon de Bruin is head of department of the academy for occupational therapy at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences. She is chairman of the head of departments of the Health and Welfare domain of Zuyd University, project leader of the Multidisciplinary Care and Innovation Centre Zuyd-Adelante, project leader of the Innovation team for technology and E-Health working on curriculum in the Health and Welfare domain of Zuyd University, and program manager EIZT, Expertise Centre for Innovative Care and Technology. %4 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Ramon Daniels, PhD, is a professor at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences and head of the Research Centre for Assistive Technology in Care. His research focusses on the design, evaluation, and implementation of interventions with assistive technology in long term care. Further, he is appointed at Maastricht University and at an elderly care institution, Sevagram, respectively doing research on innovation readiness of care organizations and supporting the organization to become innovation ready. %& 30 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1463 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Cloud-Based Approach for Tracking and Monitoring of Hay Bales in Smart Agriculture %A Ilpo Pölönen %A Antti Suokannas %A Antti Juntunen %K bale inventory %K bale trade %K big data %K precision farming %K RFID %K round bales %K silage %K Smart farming %X The introduction of new technology to agriculture has resulted in enormous amounts of data and their handling and utilization challenge. Data is typically gathered from several sources such as field sensors, machines, industrial processes, different laboratories and officials. This has led to several complicated systems that are not always compatible. Farmers are confused, unaware, and face challenges in seeing the benefits for their business in relation to the time required. This paper introduces an automatic digital tracking and monitoring system for round feed bales on farms. In this system, bale data from sensors, switches, and a GPS-device in the baling machine are collected by hardware and sent to the cloud with the bale ID read from a RFID tag attached to each bale. A digital inventory of bales forms instantly, and baling can be followed on the map application with a mobile device. Data in the cloud is utilized for the farmer's user interface. The farmer can manage and do various operations with bales. An important outcome is the yield report, showing basic statistics, quantities, and qualities of bales in a digitalized field parcel. If the farmer wants to sell bales, this can easily be done with the tool. It makes sales by connecting the farmer to an e-commerce portal. A key question and challenge to be resolved involves who owns the data. All the benefits of digitalization can be achieved only with good cooperation and mutual agreement from farmers who want to have control of their data under all circumstances. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-23 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1419 %N 2 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Ilpo Pölönen is an animal nutritionist, a principal research scientist in HAMK Bio Research Unit at Häme University of Applied Sciences. He has a Ph.D. in Animal Science from Helsinki University where he also holds docentship. He graduated from Helsinki University after which he continued Animal Science studies and earned a M.Sc. at Oregon State University. In nutritional research, he has specialized in the preservation of feeds, while during the last years has been involved in developing digital solutions for grass silage. He also teaches master-level students in HAMK. %2 Natural Resources Institute of Finland Antti Suokannas is a research scientist at the Natural Resources Institute of Finland (Luke). He holds a M.Sc. in Agricultural Technology at Helsinki University. He has a long history of various research projects in forage harvesting technology and has also been involved with work safety studies in plant production. His current research interests include smart farming, automation systems, and forage harvesting processes. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Antti Juntunen is a software developer (B.Sc.) in HAMK Smart research unit at Häme University of Applied Sciences. He has gained experience with many digitalization projects connected to working life. In this project, he was responsible for developing the bale inventory in the cloud and the services connected with it. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1419 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Coping with the Double-Edged Sword of Data Sharing in Ecosystems %A Petra Kugler %A Thomas Plank %K Big Data Analytics Capabilities %K competitive advantage %K data sharing %K ecosystem %K Resource-Based View %X Researchers and practitioners agree upon the huge potential of Big Data Analytics (BDA) for firms' competitive advantage. Capitalizing on Big Data (BD) often requires sharing firms' data with their stakeholders in an ecosystem. Sharing data, however, is a double-edged sword, because firms might also risk losing their competitive advantage by doing so. This conceptual paper uses extant literature on data analytics to introduce a comprehensive data sharing strategy framework that helps firms decide which data can be shared in an ecosystem, which should be kept secret, or if additional rules and regulations are required for sharing the data. The framework combines two distinct categorizations of data, and it relates the data categories to firms' strategic competitive advantage by employing the Resource-Based View (RBV). Firstly, the framework is grounded in the stages of the data analytics process and secondly, it distinguishes between operative, strategic and monetizable data, a new categorization introduced by this paper. Depending on the categories of data a company intends to share, the framework recommends five distinct data sharing strategies that help mitigating the risk of losing their competitive advantage. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 5-16 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1470 %N 11-12 %1 Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences Petra Kugler is a Professor of Strategy and Management at OST ― Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland. Her research focuses on the intersection of innovation, strategy, and management, and how firms can generate and protect sustainable competitive advantages in turbulent times. She obtained her PhD from the University of St. Gallen (HSG), has also worked in advertising, and has gained international academic experience through various scholarships, among others a Swiss National Science Foundation Grant for a research year at the University of California, Berkeley. %2 Tributech Solutions GmbH Thomas Plank is CEO & Co-Founder of Tributech Solutions GmbH headquartered in Linz, Austria. He focuses on the transformation of data to corporate assets and how these assets are managed in the future. He is a Certified Risk Manager and holds a Masters’ degree in Controlling, Accounting, and Financial Management of the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1470 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Cross-Pollination of Ideas about Distributed Ledger Technological Innovation through a Multidisciplinary and Multisectoral lens: Insights from the Blockchain Technology Symposium ’21 %A Victoria L. Lemieux %A Atefeh Mashatan %A Rei Safavi-Naini %A Jeremy Clark %K blockchain %K decentralization %K decentralized finance %K decentralized health %K decentralized identity %K decentralized supply chains %K distributed ledgers %K innovation %K technology adoption %K technology management %X Blockchain Technology Symposium 2021 (BTS'21) is a forum where academic researchers, industry professionals, and decision makers came together to present recent advancements, discuss adoption barriers, tackle common challenges, and explore future roadmaps surrounding blockchain and its related technologies such as consensus algorithms, smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and distributed ledger technologies generally. As a follow-up to BTS'18 and BTS'20, which were hosted by Ryerson University and The Fields Institute, and by popular demand, BTS 2021 gathered a diverse audience from academia, industry, and policy makers to engage in a dialogue around crucial topics in the adoption of blockchain technology, with the aim of cross-fertilizing ideas from these communities to address the challenges and seize the opportunities brought forward by this promising technology. BTS'21 featured multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral talks and presentations on four major themes: (1) decentralized finance (DeFi), (2) decentralized identity, (3) decentralized health and (4) decentralized supply chain management. This article provides reflections on some of the key insights found in the BTS’21 presentations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 58-66 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1445 %N 6 %1 University of British Columbia Dr. Victoria Lemieux is an Associate Professor of Archival Science at the University of British Columbia’s School of Information and Founder and Co-Lead of Blockchain@UBC, a multidisciplinary blockchain research and education cluster at UBC. %2 Ryerson University Dr. Atefeh (Atty) Mashatan is an Associate Professor of Professor of Information Technology Management and the founder and director of the Cybersecurity Research Lab (CRL) at Ryerson University. She holds the Canada Research Chair (Tier II) in Quality of Security Framework for Internet-of-Things (IoT). %3 University of Calgary Dr. Rei Safavi-Naini is the NSERC/Telus Industrial Research Chair and Alberta Innovates Strategic Chair in Information Security. She is a co-founder of the Institute for Security, Privacy and Information Assurance at the University of Calgary and served as its Director until January 2019. Her research interests are cryptography and information security. %4 Concordia University Dr. Jeremy Clark is an Associate Professor at the Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, where he holds the NSERC/Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton/Catallaxy Industrial Research Chair in Blockchain Technologies. %& 58 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1445 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Developing Social Impact Evaluation Methods for Research: viewpoints on commercialization and sustainability %A Leena Kunttu %A Helka Kalliomäki %A Sorin Dan %A Jari Kuusisto %X The social contributions of research activities have become more and more important in the rapidly changing innovation environment. Despite the fact that industrial commercialization of research results constitutes one of the most essential drivers for innovation and competitiveness, most generally used social impact evaluation criteria do not include clear metrics involving research commercialization possibilities. In a similar manner, principles regarding sustainable development have been largely omitted from the impact criteria. This paper considers the "broader impacts criteria" (BIC) model developed for social impact evaluation in the National Science Foundation in United States. We propose extensions to the BIC criteria related to commercialization and sustainable development viewpoints on impact evaluation. This paper also considers a newly introduced extension to BIC, called "inclusion-immediacy criteria" (IIC). Based on it, we propose an extended version of the model that aims to additionally evaluate the impact of research from a commercialization point of view. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 44-53 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1441 %N 5 %1 University of Vaasa Dr. Leena Kunttu works currently as Senior Specialist in innovation at the University of Vaasa. She holds a PhD degree in Information Technology (signal processing) from the Tampere University of Technology, Finland (2006), a PhD degree in Economics (innovation management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2019), and Master of Arts degree in Education from the University of Tampere (2020). Between 2007 and 2012, she served as Senior Manager in an area of innovation at the Nokia Corporation. During her career at Nokia, she led several collaborative projects between the company and external research institutes, such as universities. She also led and participated in joint educational activities between Nokia and universities. Since 2015, Dr. Kunttu served as a postdoc researcher in an area of innovation at the University of Vaasa. Her current research interests include university-industry collaboration, innovation impact evaluation, and the commercialization of university technologies. %2 University of Vaasa Dr. Helka Kalliomäki works currently as an Associate Professor (tenure track) in Innovation Policy at the University of Vaasa. She received her PhD degree in human geography in 2012 from the University of Turku. Kalliomäki has a strong track-record in managing and building challenge driven multidisciplinary research projects engaging stakeholders from public and private sector, nationally and internationally. She has also been involved in developing the internationally recognized Turku Urban Research Programme and its collaboration model that has been selected internationally as an best practice of university-city collaboration. Her research expertise is especially related to strategic urban development, innovation environments, and the knowledge base of urban development (e.g. university-city relations). %3 University of Vaasa Dr. Sorin Dan is a postdoctoral researcher in public sector innovation and renewal at the Innovation and Entrepreneurship InnoLab research platform, University of Vaasa, and an expert in policy research and public management reform. Dr. Dan earned his PhD at the Public Governance Institute at KU Leuven (2015) and his master’s in public policy and administration at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2009). Previously he was an in-house consultant in the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate of the OECD. His recent projects include “Digitalisation Academy: Creating and piloting a nationwide model to tackle talent shortage and improve digital competences (DA-PITO)”, funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland and “Support for Developing Better Country Knowledge on Public Administration and Institutional Capacity Building”, funded by the EU. %4 University of Vaasa Dr. Jari Kuusisto is a science and innovation policy expert with over 20 years of experience in providing in-depth strategic consulting to high-level government agencies, businesses, and international organisations in more than 15 countries, including the EU, OECD, and UN. His expertise focuses on science and innovation policy, university organisational development, strategic change management and research profile development and upgrading. His research has been published in high-level scientific journals such as Research Policy, and he has authored several policy programmes with government agencies, ministries, the OECD, and European Commission. Kuusisto has demonstrable skills in orchestrating large-scale R&D projects, leveraging international resources and personnel across international boundaries, and a proven history of forging key partnerships with private and public sector partners throughout Europe to secure continued funding for research endeavours. %& 44 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1441 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Discovery and Validation of Business Models: How B2B Startups can use Business Experiments %A Patrick Brecht %A Daniel Hendriks %A Anja Stroebele %A Carsten H. Hahn %A Ingmar Wolff %K B2B Startup %K Business Experiment Design %K Business Experiments %K business model %K Customer Development Process %K Four-Step Iterative Cycle %K Growth Hacking %K lean startup %X Startups searching for a business model face uncertainty. This research aims to demonstrates how B2B startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business model's desirability quickly and cost-effectively. The research study follows a design science approach by focusing on two main steps: build and evaluate. We first created a B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework based on well-known earlier frameworks. After that, we applied the framework to the case of the German startup heliopas.ai. The framework consists of four steps (1) implementation of a measurement system, (2) hypothesis development and prioritization, (3) discovery, and (4) validation. Within its application, we conducted business experiments, including online and offline advertisements, as well as interviews. This research contributes in several ways to the understanding of how B2B-startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business models: First, the designed B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework can serve as a guideline for company founders. Second, the results were used to improve the existing business model of the German B2B startup heliopas.ai. Finally, applying the framework allowed us to formulate design principles for creating business experiments. The design principles used in the study can be further tested in future studies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-31 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1426 %N 3 %1 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Patrick Brecht, M.Sc., works as a research associate at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences after completing his study in industrial engineering with a focus on sales. In addition to his passion for sales, he has a growing fascination for science and entrepreneurship. In his role as project manager at the xLab, Experimental Lab for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, he supports startups in the area of business model innovation. His focus lies in validating startup potential within the field of smart business experiments and platform business models. %2 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Daniel Hendriks, B.Sc., studied business administration and industrial engineering, focusing on service-oriented business model development at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. He works as a research associate at xLab of the University of Applied Sciences as an expert on B2B startup experimentation and Lean Startup. Besides his work, he is perusing a master’s degree at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in business administration and industrial engineering. %3 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Anja Ströbele, B.Sc., is a research associate of the xLab at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. Her main research interests are in the fields of innovation, platform business models, and experimentation. During her studies, she developed a passion for research and an interest in innovation and entrepreneurship from analyzing the factors that turn a user innovator into a social entrepreneur with the help of theories of planned behavior. Her current master’s degree focus is on marketing-finance that not only provides an understanding of the interface of these two disciplines, but also gives insights into design process models to create financial innovations. She currently works analyzing service management failures by applying probabilistic Bayesian modeling on collections of text documents. %4 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Carsten Hahn works as a director of research and innovation at SAP and additionally holds a professorship for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe. After studying business informatics at the University of Mannheim and doing his doctorate in Marketing at the University of Mainz, he began his career as an assistant to the executive board of SAP. Carsten serves as a visiting lecturer at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his academic work, he founded the xLab, which deals with entrepreneurship and innovation concepts in research, teaching, and practical application. %# heliopas.ai Ingmar Wolff, M.Sc., is always passionate about innovation and entrepreneurship, has founded two startups, and financed his studies with a sales business. He completed his studies in industrial engineering with a focus on entrepreneurship and computer science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Afterwards, he consulted for startups on product-market fit and technology at the SAP startup incubator “innoWerft”. After working at KIT as a research associate in the domain of automated machine learning, he founded his current company heliopas.ai GmbH, which provides AI-powered irrigation advice to farmers. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1426 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Distributed Ledger Technologies and Social Machines: How to “smartify” the economy with blockchain-based digital extension services? %A Gregory Sandstrom %K artificial intelligence %K blockchain %K digital economy %K digital platform %K distributed ledger technology %K economic development %K extension services %K extension thinking %K innovation diffusion %K Internet of Things %K ledger community %K smartification %K social machines %K web science %X This paper examines the broad impact of digitalization on economic development. More specifically, it addresses the computer science-derived notion of "social machines", along with the invention of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) (or blockchain), as potential signposts on the pathway to "smart(er) digital economies". The paper investigates blockchain-based ecosystems as examples of social machines that assist in economic "smartification" and development. It looks at distributed ledger-based communities (DLCs) that provide examples of functioning social machines for a variety of business and personal network communications purposes. It then analyses the scaleup of DLT-based social machines by comparison with "extension services", largely in education and agriculture, which are currently undergoing processes of digitalization. Overall, this conceptual study examines the general horizons and potential impact of blockchain and social machines on the provision of online products and services, across a range of sectors and industries. The paper offers interpretative assistance to managers, entrepreneurs, technology experts, and academics with lingering questions about blockchain in and for business and economic development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 42-57 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1449 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 42 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1449 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Ecosystems, Design, and Glocalization: A multi-level study of Technovation %A Jasmine A. Shaw %A Steven M. Muegge %K business ecosystems %K Canada %K design rules %K glocalization %K Mexico %K multisided platform %K technology entrepreneurship %K Technovation %X Business ecosystems are an increasingly prominent organizational form in both management research and practice. A growing body of research exists about ecosystem design, but designing local ecosystem instances within a global ecosystem is not yet well understood or defined. This article contributes a multilevel, embedded case study of the global and local ecosystems anchored around the Technovation Girls competition - the world's largest technology entrepreneurship challenge for girls. We first define the process platform driving this ecosystem and anchoring the local instances. Second, we identify key architectural properties of a global-local ecosystem. Lastly, we specify a process for defining design rules in an organizational setting. In addition to theoretical relevance for ecosystem scholarship, our results are also of practical relevance to leaders of existing or nascent global ecosystems, who may benefit from techniques described in this paper that involve designing a flexible global ecosystem architecture that accommodates local variation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 32-43 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1440 %N 5 %1 General Dynamics Mission Systems Jasmine Shaw is a Systems Engineer at General Dynamics Mission Systems - Canada where she designs cutting-edge aerospace technology. She completed a Master of Applied Science in Technology Innovation Management, and her thesis was at the intersection of design, globalization, and business ecosystems, specifically applied to global organizations that empower girls through technology entrepreneurship. As a new entrepreneur, she leverages her expertise in engineering, design, and business ecosystems to help women in STEM achieve their full career potential. She is an active member of the engineering community, serving on the Board of Directors at the Society of Women Engineers - Ottawa, and volunteering for organizations such as Technovation. %2 Carleton University Dr. Steven Muegge is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University. He teaches, conducts research, and supervises graduate students within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program, and actively promotes entrepreneurship and innovation within the broader community. Dr. Muegge leads an active research program in technology entrepreneurship and commercialization. One stream of current research examines non-traditional settings for innovation, including interconnected systems of business ecosystems, communities of users and developers, and industry platforms outside the control of any single company. A second stream examines the business models of technology entrepreneurs who create new companies and develop new products and services within these settings. Both streams are directly relevant to promoting economic prosperity for Canada and the National Capital Region, and to building differentiation and advantage for entrepreneurs and their companies. %& 32 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1440 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Aligning Multiple Stakeholder Value Propositions (April 2021) %A Tony Bailetti %A Christian Keen %A Stoyan Tanev %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-5 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1431 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the past Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Université Laval Christian Keen, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the Département de Management, Université Laval, Canada. Christian has an extensive research and working experience in emerging and developed economies. His professional experience includes being a member of several the Board of Directors of private companies and NGOs. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and strategic management. His research areas of interest include international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial capital and rapidly growing firms. Christian is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship Small Business and TIM Review. He has presented his research in several international conferences such as AIB, AOM, EIBA, and has also published papers in those areas. %3 Carleton University Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1431 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Celebrating the World of Innovation (March 2021) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-3 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1429 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program, as well as previously at the Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems (2010-2011). He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1429 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Digital Innovations in the Bioeconomy (February 2021) %A Iivari Kunttu %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-4 %8 02/2021 %G eng %N 2 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr. Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), a PhD in Economics (Management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017), and M.A. in Education from Tampere University, Finland (2020). Currently he acts as Leading Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. From 2012 to 2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in the Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D Process Development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and Project Manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Distributed Ledger Technologies for Smart Digital Economies (June 2021) %A Steven Muegge %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-5 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1444 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Dr. Steven Muegge is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University. He teaches, conducts research, and supervises graduate students within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program, and actively promotes entrepreneurship and innovation within the broader community. Dr. Muegge leads an active research program in technology entrepreneurship and commercialization. One stream of current research examines non-traditional settings for innovation, including interconnected systems of business ecosystems, communities of users and developers, and industry platforms outside the control of any single company. A second stream examines the business models of technology entrepreneurs who create new companies and develop new products and services within these settings. Both streams are directly relevant to promoting economic prosperity for Canada and the National Capital Region, and to building differentiation and advantage for entrepreneurs and their companies. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1444 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Insights (11/12, 2021) %A Mika Westerlund %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %8 12/2021 %G eng %N 11-12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Insights (Issue 7/8, 2021) %A Mika Westerlund %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-4 %8 10/2021 %G eng %N 7/8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Insights (January 2021) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K Digital disruption %K digital ecosystem %K eCommerce %K ecosystem %K FAIR %K Global eCom %K innovation %K Innovation management %K innovation process %K internationalization %K interoperability %K knowledge %K opportunity %K roadmap %K scientometrics %K small business %K sustainability %K text mining %K university cooperation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3 %8 01/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1416 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program, as well as previously at the Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems (2010-2011). He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1416 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Insights (May 2021) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-4 %8 05/2021 %G eng %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Editorial: Living Labs (9/10, 2021) %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 3-5 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1460 %N 9/10 %1 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is Drammen City Municipality chaired (Full) Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. He is an Associate Editor in Techovation and an Associate editor in BRQ, Business Research Quarterly. His current research topics includes digital business models and ecosystems (cf. Internet of Things), robotics, block chains, living labs, innovation ecosystems, collaborative and networked models of innovations, collaborative methods of innovations, as well as management and marketing models for different types of companies. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1460 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T The Effects of Competence-Based, Expressive and Collaborative Service Performance on the B2B Service Relationship %A Wenting Zou %A Saara A. Brax %A Risto Rajala %K B2B services %K Business services %K Relationship performance %K Repurchase intentions %K Service performance %K Service purchasing %X Service performance is considered an essential determinant of successful business relationships. It affects the customer’s repurchase intentions and, therefore, the continuity of the relationship between the service provider and the customer. Yet, due to the complexity of B2B relationships, service performance is a multi-faceted issue. It includes at least three crucial aspects: competence-based, expressive, and collaborative performance. The present paper investigates the effects of these dimensions on the buyer-supplier relationship and analyzes their mediated impact on customer repurchasing intentions. In so doing, we establish a structural equation model and test multiple hypotheses with a sample of 141 purchasing professionals from 23 countries. The findings indicate that expressive and collaborative service performance are more significant determinants of successful business relationships and influence business relationship continuity more than competence-based service performance. Also, relationship performance was found to fully mediate the links between expressive and collaborative service performance with customer repurchase intentions. The study underscores that service providers can ensure business continuity with their customers by investing in expressive and collaborative service performance. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-31 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1439 %N 5 %1 Aalto University Wenting Zou, MSc (Tech), is a doctoral candidate at Aalto University, Finland. Her research focuses on managing the complexity of B2B services, paying a special attention to the influences of service contract management, contracting process, and service complexity on service providers’ performance. Her work builds on an interdisciplinary background and combines multiple theoretical perspectives and methods of analysis. She is affiliated with Aalto University School of Science, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management. %2 LUT University Saara A. Brax, DSc (Tech), is a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Business and Management in LUT University, Finland. Her research covers service operations management and industrial management, focusing on servitization, industrial product-service systems, and service supply chains in the B2B context. Her recent works have focused on digitalization, data analytics and sustainability in supply chains. %3 Aalto University and Carleton University Risto Rajala, DSc (Econ), is Associate Professor of Service Engineering and Management at Aalto University, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University, Canada. His research focuses on the management challenges of technology firms’ service operations, including the management of complex service systems and the system-level changes linked with the transformation of technology industries toward service-based value creation. He currently serves as the Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management of Aalto University. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1439 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Enabling and Promoting Sustainability through Digital API Ecosystems: An example of successful implementation in the smart city domain %A Maurizio Brioschi %A Michele Bonardi %A Nadia Fabrizio %A Alfonso Fuggetta %A Emiliano Sergio Verga %A Maurilio Zuccalà %K digital ecosystem %K FAIR %K interoperability %K sustainability %X Recent studies have recognized that digital ecosystems can enhance the transformation of enterprises and the sustainability of cooperation networks by enabling a regulated and governed exchange of data between different stakeholders according to common rules. Thanks to digital ecosystems, data can be effectively distributed and leveraged to build innovative services in various contexts, such as smart cities or corporate solutions. In this paper we apply the Cefriel Digital Ecosystem Toolkit approach, which was first adopted to foster digital interoperability during the 2015 World Exposition in Milan, Italy. The goal of this lightweight approach is to combine technologies for building API-based solutions with governance processes and common participation guidelines. Moreover, we argue that this approach fosters data sustainability responding to the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) principles for data management and stewardship. Since 2015, this approach has been applied in several projects and featured by the European Commission's JRC and the USA's NIST. The Cefriel Digital Ecosystem Toolkit approach now supports the creation of many-to-many digital relationships between stakeholders operating in various domains, allowing the discovery and reuse of digital assets owned by companies and organizations of any type and size, as well as supporting the development of added value services for citizens and other end-users. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 4-10 %8 01/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1412 %N 1 %1 Cefriel Michele Bonardi has been working in Cefriel since 2008. From 2010 to 2015, he was manager of the Technical Management Board of the E015 Digital Ecosystem. He is now the Head of Digital Ecosystems Practice in Cefriel. %2 Cefriel Maurizio Brioschi is a Business Developer, Director and Foresight Manager in Cefriel. Since April 1997, he has worked in distributed architectures and the strategic development of complex IT systems, ranging from e-government solutions to industrial infrastructure. He was the project manager of ICT planning for Expo 2015, helping to foresee and shape digital innovation scenarios through digital ecosystems. %3 Cefriel Nadia Fabrizio is a Senior Manager at Cefriel, where she has worked since 2004. In recent years, she has been working as the principal investigator for H2020 and EIT projects in the field of distributed ledger technologies. %4 Cefriel Alfonso Fuggetta is a Full Professor at Politecnico di Milano and Scientific Director of Cefriel. He has been a member of several committees in the Italian Government. He has also collaborated with AIPA, CNIPA, the Department of Innovation, and the Ministries of Health, Labour, and Education and University. %# Cefriel Emiliano Sergio Verga has been working at Cefriel as a Digital Ecosystem Manager since 2013. His main role is the Scientific Coordination of the Lombardy Region’s E015 Digital Ecosystem. %$ Cefriel Maurilio Zuccalà has been principal investigator in research projects (FP6, FP7, H2020, EIT) since 2004 in the field of API economy, smart cities, digital platforms, and service ecosystems. He has authored texts in peer reviewed journals, books, and conferences and is a technical leader for the urban data platform of the H2020 “Sharing Cities” lighthouse project in Milan. %& 4 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1412 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Expect the Unexpected: Investigating co-creation projects in a Living Lab %A Katharina De Vita %A Riccardo De Vita %K co-creation %K innovation %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K Open innovation %X Living Labs (LLs) are complex multi-stakeholder environments that enable real-life testing and experimentation of products, services, and systems. Despite increasing attention by practitioners as well as policymakers, and growing scholarly interest in the field, the literature exploring congruency between organisational objectives and outcomes when utilising LLs is still scarce. To fill this gap, a qualitative case study is employed to gain an in-depth understanding of objectives and project outcomes of organisations utilising LLs. The LL JOSEPHS® was chosen as this study's empirical context, in which 14 different projects were analysed. In-depth interviews revealed eight categories of measurable project outcomes: market acceptance, price acceptability, exposure, product testing, market intelligence, legitimisation, method testing, and networking. This study not only highlights what companies have achieved in comparison to their original project objectives, but also identifies additional unplanned outcomes that they accomplished. The findings offer important project-level insights into the potential and limitations of LLs. The results form a basis upon which to develop a better understanding of how innovation performance can be nurtured in LLs. Insights from the study may also help firms and facilitators by providing a deeper understanding of LLs at an individual project-level, and by articulating potential objectives and outcomes associated with organisations' involvement in LLs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-20 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1461 %N 9/10 %1 University of Greenwich Katharina De Vita is Lecturer in Creativity and Innovation in the Department for Systems Management and Strategy at the University of Greenwich Business School. Prior to joining the University of Greenwich, she was Research Associate at the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (CSTI) at the University of Cambridge. Katharina holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge and a master’s degree from the London School of Economics. Her main research interests are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. She has published journal articles, conference papers, and blogs on living labs. %2 University of Greenwich Riccardo De Vita is Associate Professor in Management at the University of Greenwich, where he is also Head of Department – Human Resources and Organisational Behaviour. Riccardo obtained his PhD at Universita’ Carlo Cattaneo – LIUC. Riccardo’s research interests lie in the field of innovation management, higher education management, and organisational networks. He regularly takes part in commissioned research projects, where he applies his expertise in Social Network Analysis. Riccardo has extensive leadership experience in both the public and private Higher Education sector. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1461 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T An Exploration of Blockchain-based Traceability in Food Supply Chains: On the Benefits of Distributed Digital Records from Farm to Fork %A Mika Westerlund %A Soham Nene %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K blockchain %K distributed ledger technology %K food innovation %K Food safety %K food supply chain %K supply chain management %K traceability %X There are growing internal and external pressures for traceability in food supply chains due to food scandals. Traceability refers to tracking food from the consumer back to the farm and vice versa for quality control and management. However, many traceability solutions have failed to meet the needs of supply chain stakeholders. Blockchain is a novel distributed database technology that could solve some issues of traditional traceability systems, such as cost of adoption and vulnerabilities to hacking and data tampering. This study aims to gain insights on the benefits of applying blockchain technology for traceability in food supply chains through literature review and an investigation of five companies that are experimenting with blockchain-based food traceability. Our findings suggest that, upon implementation and contribution by all supply chain participants, blockchain-based traceability can provide cost-savings, reduced response time to food scandals and food-borne illness outbreaks, improved security and accuracy, better compliance with government regulations, and thus increase consumer trust. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-18 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1446 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Universities Canada Soham Nene is a Business Systems Analyst with Universities Canada in Ottawa, Ontario since August 2019. He works on designing student scholarship software / system solutions by performing requirements analysis, developing software system workflows, and studying system capabilities. He holds a master’s degree in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and holds an undergraduate degree in Information Technology from Pune University, India. He is passionate about technology and food innovation and entrepreneurship. While pursuing master’s degree Soham worked on ‘Benefits of Blockchain-based Traceability in Food Supply Chains’ as his research project. %3 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is Drammen City Municipality chaired (Full) Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. He is an Associate Editor in Techovation and an Associate editor in BRQ, Business Research Quarterly. His current research topics includes digital business models and ecosystems (cf. Internet of Things), robotics, block chains, living labs, innovation ecosystems, collaborative and networked models of innovations, collaborative methods of innovations, as well as management and marketing models for different types of companies. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %4 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC) at South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1446 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Framing Multi-Stakeholder Value Propositions: A wicked problem lens %A Yat Ming Ooi %A Kenneth Husted %K complexity %K complicatedness %K scaling-up %K stakeholders %K value proposition %K wicked problem %X Balancing various stakeholder (often contradictory) expectations creates tensions when developing value propositions for a new firm. Customers, funders, owners, and society-at-large often expect different value outcomes from a firm. They therefore have different motivations for being involved in the firm. These differences in value expectations are more strongly expressed in technology-based ventures, which often rely heavily on access to heterogeneous external resources such as capital, specialised knowledge, distribution, and service. In this paper, we use a wicked problem lens to explore specific challenges for companies to mediate seemingly contradictory propositions. We use two dimensions of wicked problems involving complexity and complicatedness, and conduct a secondary analysis of seven technology venture case studies from Australia and New Zealand. We then categorise the configuration types of these firms' stakeholder value propositions in the context of their scale-up process. We contribute to the value proposition and business model development research streams by suggesting that the challenge of mediating value propositions that conflict can manifest itself in four types of configurations: easy, complicated, complex and wicked. Complicated and complex propositions are thorny, but with structures and processes in place, they can be adequately addressed. On the other hand, wicked propositions consist of many unknowns and require firms to collaborate with stakeholders to derive outcomes that align company scaling objective with stakeholder value propositions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 26-37 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1434 %N 4 %1 University of Auckland Business School Yat Ming Ooi is a Research Fellow at the Department of Management and International Business, University of Auckland Business School. He holds a PhD in Management from the University of Auckland, New Zealand. His research focuses on collaborative forms of innovation activities, digital transformation, problem-solving in grand challenge initiatives, technology commercialisation, and the economic impact of stagnation on developing countries' entrepreneurial activities. Yat Ming has published articles in Research-Technology Management, University of Auckland Business Review, and Kindai Management Review. He is also an editorial review board member for the Technology Innovation Management Review. %2 University of Auckland Business School Kenneth Husted is a Professor of Innovation and Research Management, and Head of the Department of Management and International Business, University of Auckland Business School. He holds a PhD from Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. His research covers innovation and research management, knowledge management, management of R&D and research commercialisation. He has published articles in reputable journals, including Journal of Management Studies, Organizational Dynamics, California Management Review, Technovation, R&D Management, Journal of Knowledge Management, and Creativity and Innovation Management. He is also regional editor for the Journal of Knowledge Management and associate editor for the Technology Innovation Management Review. %& 26 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1434 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Global Market Entry for Finnish SME eCommerce Companies %A Marko Mäki %A Tuija Toivola %K Digital disruption %K eCommerce %K Global eCom %K internationalization %K university cooperation %X The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge about the expansion of eCommerce (eCom) operations by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to global markets. We investigate the literature on eCom and reflect on our experiences working with several Finnish eCom companies and consulting firms to boost their global sales. In addition, one important goal of our study was to acquire knowledge and boost participants' learning of fast growing digital business models. Our findings show that digital disruption and digitalization in general are driving forces behind eCom growth. The study's conclusions underline the importance of targeted marketing activities, knowledge sharing, and capability building for global eCom operations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 11-21 %8 01/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1413 %N 1 %1 Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences Marko Mäki, Lic.Sc.(econ), Principal Lecturer, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Lic. Sc. (Econ) Marko Mäki is currently working as a Principal Lecturer (marketing & service development) at Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland. His main areas of expertise and research interests are in service concept and process development, service design and servicescape development issues in service management as well as in digital channels. Marko has been involved in E-commerce development and research projects for the last 10 years and has published several research and conference papers on this theme. %2 Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences Tuija Toivola, Ph.D, R&D Manager, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Tuija Toivola Ph.D. is currently working as an R&D manager at Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. Her main areas of expertise are business models, business networks, digital services, and the sharing economy. Tuija Toivola has over 15 years experience in R&D activities as a project leader and developer of new business concepts. In addition, she has worked as a business consultant and speaker at business seminars and training programs. She completed her Ph.D. in business networks and strategic partnerships at the University of Vaasa in 2005. She has a Master of Science in marketing from the Turku School of Economics. Tuija has published two books, several articles and conference papers, and also has a certificate in vocational teacher education. %& 11 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1413 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T How Can Firms Effectively Use Technology in Customer Journey Management %A William Boscardini Helouani %K customer experience %K customer journey %K digital transformation %K Managerial Requirements %K Technology Drivers %X Customer Journey (CJ) mapping offers a view of the Customer Experience (CX) from a customer's standpoint, which acts as the first step towards a myriad of actions that can be performed to improve CX. While CJ mapping has proven to be helpful in a wide range of use cases, companies still struggle to apply technology to make it effective. This research performs a literature review to identify how IT and digital assets can be used in the CJ context, providing practical examples for organizations willing to implement a consumer-centered IT strategy. As a result, it was found that IT can be used in three primary contexts for CJ: mapping, enabling, and monitoring. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 32-47 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1455 %N 7/8 %1 Sao Paulo School of Business Administration William Boscardini Helouani, Lic.Sc.(Tech.) is the Latin America IT Director for Customer Experience at Electrolux. He has more than 15 years of working experience in the manufacturing industry in different digital areas, including IT, product, marketing, and e-commerce. Pursuing an M.Sc degree at Sao Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP), he researches the impact of companies' IT capabilities on the Customer Experience. %& 32 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1455 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Human Factors in Living Lab Research %A Nele A.J. De Witte %A Leen Broeckx %A Sascha Vermeylen %A Vicky Van Der Auwera %A Tom Van Daele %K human factors %K Living lab %K methodology %K safety %K usability %X Human factors research is still in its infancy in healthcare and other fields. Yet it has the potential to allow organisations and living labs to assess and improve innovation quality, while closely involving potential end users. "Human factors" involve a scientific focus on the interaction between individuals and systems with the goal of improving safety, performance, and user acceptability. Studies simulating challenging real-life circumstances in selected samples and using a multi-method approach can provide important insights for organisations and governments and allow for better and safer services for the end user. By combining existing theory and case examples, the current paper aims to situate human factors research and to help researchers determine when and how this methodology could be applied. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 21-29 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1462 %N 9/10 %1 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Nele A.J. De Witte is the scientific coordinator of LiCalab Living and Care Lab, where she is committed to the scientific valorization of living lab methodologies and supports the design of high-quality user research. She is also a senior researcher at the Expertise Unit Psychology, Technology & Society of Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), with specialization in e-mental health and attitudes towards technology in mental healthcare. She holds a PhD in Psychology and has 10 years of research experience, mostly in the field of practice-oriented research. %2 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Leen Broeckx is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium) where she started working in 2013 as a panel manager for LiCalab Living and Care Lab. Within the team, Leen is responsible for the community of end users. She supports projects with recruitment, facilitation, and reporting. She is an expert in co-creation methodologies. She holds a master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. %3 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Sascha Vermeylen is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium). In 2018, she kicked off her career as a junior panel manager at LiCalab Living and Care Lab. Sascha manages the end user panel, alongside Leen Broeckx, and maintains the segmented database that consists of ca 1,500 elderly persons, and more than 600 caregivers and care organizations. She supports projects with recruitment of end-users and facilitates testing and reporting to companies. She holds a master’s degree in social economic sciences from the University of Antwerp and has completed Academic Teacher Training. %4 LiCalab Living and Care Lab Vicky Van Der Auwera is a researcher at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), which she helped to start in 2012, in close collaboration with the City of Turnhout. She is currently responsible for the operational management of LiCalab. In that capacity she leads both EU-projects as well as private assignments. Vicky holds a master’s degree in Engineering Sciences from Brussels University Belgium, where she graduated as a civil mechanical-electrical engineer. Prior to her current position, she worked for 14 years in a private sector area of mechanical engineering as Research Manager. %# Thomas More University of Applied Sciences Tom Van Daele is head of the Expertise Unit Psychology, Technology & Society at Thomas More University of Applied Sciences (Belgium), and convenor of the Project Group on eHealth of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations. As a clinical psychologist (PhD), he focuses primarily on translating insights and tools from theory to practice-oriented applications and services. His primary field of research is e-mental health, the use of technology in mental healthcare. This practice-oriented focus is also supplemented with more basic research, through his positions at both KU Leuven and Queen’s University Belfast. %& 21 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1462 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Ideologies in Energy Transition: Community Discourses on Renewables %A Petra Berg %A Rumy Narayan %A Arto Rajala %K Ideological Discourses %K Municipal Energy Transition %K Renewable Energy %K Sense making %K Sustainability Transitions %X This paper examines discourses in five Finnish municipalities' energy transition processes to identify and explain different ideological discourses among its members. The study fills a gap in research extending the idea of sense making to capture the ideologies that hide in discourses during socio-technical transitions. We identify three types of ideological discourses labelled as Clan, Solarpunk and Native. The implications of the ideologies embedded in municipal, multi-partner networks that participate in energy transition affect who will be heard in a local context. This impacts future choices directly related to sustainability outcomes. We propose that discourses in these multi-partner networks, conceptualized from the perspective of municipal energy systems, help us to uncover underlying ideologies that imperil change. And yet at the same time, these revelations offer opportunities for sustainability-oriented innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 79-91 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1458 %N 7/8 %1 University of Vaasa Petra Berg is a Post Doc Researcher at the School of Marketing and Communication as well as the VEBIC platform, University of Vaasa, Finland. She holds a D.Sc. (Econ.) in Marketing. Dr. Berg has been participating as a project researcher, as well as coordinating proposal writing for national and EU (H2020) projects in sustainability, food and energy related areas. For the moment, she is teaching sustainability transitions and responsible business, while participating in the Biogas Utilization Opportunities in Ostrobothnia Region project. Her research interests are in the fields of Macromarketing, energy behavior and transition management, with sustainability transitions and social-cyber-physical energy systems as her main focus. %2 University of Vaasa Rumy Narayan studies transitions to sustainable energy systems. Her research interests fall within a framework of innovation possibilities that could potentially address pressing global challenges of our time, while stimulating societal and economic prosperity. This entails activating innovations across sectors, actors, and disciplines, while enabling experimentation, a complex process that needs appropriate tools for coordinating and managing diverse networks. Within this context, blockchain has gained in relevance for her research as an institutional and social technology for managing and coordinating disparate networks of actors. %3 University of Vaasa Arto Rajala (M), D.Sc. (Econ.), is a Professor of Marketing at the School of Marketing & Communication in University of Vaasa. He is the leader of the school’s marketing research group. He also holds the Title of Docent (Entrepreneurial Marketing) at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Rajala’s research interest and special expertise are related to business-to-business marketing, business networks, and renewable energy marketing. He has published several articles on business networks and their management, SME growth and innovativeness, and marketing capabilities. Rajala has more than 20 years’ experience of teaching and program coordination at the University of Vaasa and Aalto University (Finland). Currently, Rajala is leading and involved in several international and national interdisciplinary projects related to energy, for example, Erasmus+ (Furn360 and EntRNEW), H2020 (IRIS Smart City, OpenInnoTrain, and RIPEET), and Business Finland (FLEXIMAR and SolarX). In these projects, renewable energy, citizen engagement as well as energy communities and prosumers are core topics. %& 79 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1458 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Integrated Test Sites for Innovation Ecosystems %A Michaela Kesselring %A Stéphane Ruiz-Coupeau %A Moritz Kirsch %A Frank Wagner %A Richard Gloaguen %K absorptive capacity %K Demonstration %K Exploitative Innovation %K Exploratory Innovation %K Mineral Exploration %K Proof-of-Concept %K Test Sites %X Natural test sites are resource-intensive and often limited to single industries or technologies. Drawing upon two strands of research into technology development and innovation strategies, the research question in this paper investigates how converging test sites may provide opportunities for multiple industries and regions. The paper analyzes multi-industrial test sites regarding, (i) the requirements of the social and physical environment, logistic requirements, as well as technical requirements, (ii) the added value for technology developers, as well as, (iii) the absorptive capacity of the region. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to analyze multi-industrial test sites. The results indicate that the suitability of multi-industrial test sites depends on the market and research fit of the test target, the quality of the benchmark data, as well as logistical, organizational, legal, social, and ecological factors. The study shows that multi-industrial test sites increase and strengthen the absorptive capacity of regions. Additionally, the study discusses managerial and political implications of multi-industrial test sites. Until now corporate and public test site practices have received only scant recognition in technology management literature, a gap closed by this paper. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 20-32 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1454 %N 7/8 %1 University of Stuttgart Michaela Keßelring, obtained her M.Sc. in Industrial Management from the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany in 2018. Since then, Michaela Keßelring has been working as a research fellow at the University of Stuttgart, at the Institute for Human Factors and Technology Management. Her expertise lies in technology management with a focus on sustainable R&D, Advanced Systems Engineering and Strategic Cooperation. Michaela Keßelring is affiliated with the University of Stuttgart, Institute for Human Factors and Technology Management (IAT). %2 University of Seville Stéphane Ruiz-Coupeau studied industrial engineering at the University of Malaga and receive a master’s degree in European business at ESCP Europe. Currently he is a PhD candidate at the University of Seville in international business and strategy. He has a sound experience in giving advisory, partnership and innovation management services to local companies willing to innovate and grow internationally. He co-leads the Enterprise Europe Network activities in the region (Andalucia) from his position as project officer at the Agency of Innovation and Development of Andalucía IDEA. Stéphane Ruiz-Coupeau is affiliated with the Agency of Innovation and Development of Andalusia in Málaga, and the Department of Accounting and Financial Economics at the University of Seville, Spain. %3 Helmholtz Institute Dresden Rossendorf In 2007, Dr. Moritz Kirsch obtained a M.Sc. in Geology at the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. He earned his Ph.D. degree in 2012 in Earth Sciences at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. After that, Moritz Kirsch joined Helmholtz-Institute Dresden Rossendorf (HZDR). At HZDR, he is the Group Leader in "Outcrop Exploration and Geological 3D Modelling". His research fields include tectonics, structural geology, and magmatic processes. Moritz Kirsch is affiliated with the Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology in Freiberg, Germany. %4 University of South Australia Prof. Dr. Frank Wagner is an engineer with more than 25 years of experience in applied research and industrial R&D management. Prior to joining the University of South Australia as Dean of Industry and Enterprise, he was head of Strategic R&D Management at Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, part of Fraunhofer, Europe’s largest application-oriented research organisation. Frank Wagner is still affiliated with Fraunhofer IAO in Stuttgart, Germany and is also an Adjunct Professor at QUT, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane. %# Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology Dr. Richard Gloaguen is head of the Division of Exploration at Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology. He earned his doctor’s degree (Doctor Communitatis Europeae) at the Universities of Brest (F) and Göttingen (D), as well as at the Royal Holloway University of London (GB) in the year 2000, which was then followed by a post-doc position. In 2003, he was appointed to a junior professorship in remote sensing at TU Bergakademie Freiberg. In 2013, he changed to HZDR. His professional focus and experience are on quantitative, non-linear analysis of remote sensing data. He serves on the editorial boards of various journals and has published more than 80 peer-reviewed articles in remote sensing and geo sciences. Richard Gloaguen is affiliated with the Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology in Freiberg, Germany. %& 20 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1454 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T The Interplay of Digital Transformation and Collaborative Innovation on Supply Chain Ambidexterity %A Sara Abdalla %A Koichi Nakagawa %K collaboration %K digital transformation %K innovation %K resource-based view. %K supply chain ambidexterity %K supply chain management %X This study aims at investigating the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency and adaptability of a supply chain (SC). It also identifies the role of collaborative innovation as a catalyst in these relationships. Survey data from Japanese manufacturing companies was examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test the study’s hypotheses. According to the results, collaborative innovation with SC members, that is, suppliers and customers, strengthens the impact of digital transformation on adaptability, but not on efficiency. In contrast, collaborative innovation with market participants, such as competitors and partners, reinforces the positive relationship between digital transformation and efficiency, with no evidence supporting its effect on the innovation-adaptability relationship. These findings encourage firms to widen the scope of their collaborative innovation activities to include different types of partners. For firms with limited abilities to conduct such complex collaboration projects, the findings can assist managers in making well-informed decisions to include partners that accommodate prioritized organizational goals. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 45-56 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1428 %N 3 %1 University of Khartoum Sara Abdalla is a Management and Business Administration Lecturer at the University of Khartoum, Sudan, where she received her B.Sc. in Business Administration and MBA degree. She won the Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship in 2018 and joined the Graduate School of Economics at Osaka University. After a one-year research studentship, she is currently conducting her Ph.D. in Business Administration. Her research is mainly situated in the field of operations management, with a focus on innovation and technology. She has been awarded the Best Student Paper Award at the ITMC conference in September 2019 and was part of the winning team of the Hult Prize Osaka University On-Campus Program in December 2019. Her recent contributions have been presented at the 32nd EBES conference in August 2020 and the ISPIM Connects Global conference in December 2020. %2 Yasashii Business Lab Koichi Nakagawa is the president of Yasashii Business Lab, Japan. He received a PhD in Economics from The University of Tokyo. After working on innovation education as an Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University, he started his own business. Now he studies and practice as a consultant the management of innovation and corporate strategy. Also, he tries to provide academic knowledge on the YouTube. %& 45 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1428 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Interview: Discussing Value Proposition Research in the Context of New Companies Committed to Scaling Early and Rapidly %A Adrian Payne %A Pennie Frow %A Stoyan Tanev %K business ecosystems %K implicitly vs. explicitly formulated value propositions %K new scaling companies %K value proposition %K value proposition alignment %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-12 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1432 %N 4 %1 University of New South Wales Adrian Payne is Professor of Marketing at the University of New South Wales. He is a frequent keynote speaker at public and in-company seminars and conferences around the world. He has practical experience in marketing, market research, corporate planning and general management. His previous appointments include positions such as Chief Executive for a manufacturing company. He has also held senior company appointments in strategic planning and marketing, working in the IT, financial services professional services, telecom, and utilities sectors. He has also worked with government departments. Professor Payne's research has appeared in a wide range of journals, including the Journal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Industrial Marketing Management, Marketing Theory, European Journal of Marketing, British Journal of Management, Journal of Strategic Marketing, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Australasian Journal of Marketing, Journal of International Business Studies, Long Range Planning, Scandinavian Journal of Management, Décision Marketing, Australian Psychologist, European Management Journal, Human Relations, Business Horizons, Journal of General Management, Journal of Business Strategy, Journal of Management Consulting, etc. Adrian Payne is the author of fourteen books including the first text to be published on Relationship Marketing. He has run many workshops and executive programmes in CRM, Marketing Strategy, Customer Retention and Services Marketing, as well as lectured at over twenty leading academic institutions around the world including: Darden School, University of Virginia; Northwestern University; INSEAD; IMD; London Business School; Oxford University; and Cambridge University. %2 University of Sydney Business School Pennie Frow is a professor in the University of Sydney Business School, Australia. She holds MBA and PhD degrees from Cranfield University, UK. Prof. Frow has worked extensively with service and professional service firms, especially investigating issues related to strategic development of customer relationships. Her research program is in the field of Marketing Management and Strategy focusing on several closely related research areas within this field, including: co-creation, services marketing, relationship marketing, internal marketing, customer relationship management, customer value, and value proposition development. She has a special interest in researching the services sector and especially healthcare. Pennie Frow is currently the Lead Chief Investigator of a health care research project funded by the Australian Research Council, investigating co-creation practices in a new hospital context. Another major project involves investigating the impact of customer value propositions, exploring both firm and customer outcomes. Prof. Frow has published in academic and practitioner journals including the Journal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, and the Journal of Marketing Management. %3 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1432 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Learning from Early Adopters of Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Review of Supply Chain Case Studies %A Sevda Dede %A Mesut Can Köseoğlu %A H. Funda Yercan %K blockchain %K digitalization %K distributed ledger technology %K supply chain %K systematic review %X Blockchain technology is widely seen as a promising technology for global supply chains, though early adoption of the technology is both costly and risky. Along with many other discouraging factors, large investments required to enter or develop a blockchain raise barriers to entry. Concerns about potential benefits, on the other hand, have led to companies questioning whether it is worth it. Consequently, many players in the global arena are still preferring to wait by observing current practices before making investments, while trying to figure out what the technology might bring them. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to research various implementations of blockchain technology in supply chains, in order to learn from its early adopters. For this purpose, we chose case studies as the research method, which we used in a systematic way. We focused on multiple relevant case studies from previous research concerning the use of blockchain technology in supply chain practices. Through a systematic analysis of case studies, the study paper aims at bringing forward different views, approaches and results about blockchain adoption, as a way to show the pros and cons of adopting the technology under certain circumstances. The previous research was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. This paper contributes to the literature by showcasing the use of blockchain in supply chains via multiple cases to learn from early blockchain adopters in supply chain practices. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 19-31 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1447 %N 6 %1 Istanbul University Sevda Dede is a PhD candidate at Istanbul University and is working on her dissertation on the orchestration of digital innovation in business ecosystems. She holds BA and MA degrees in Logistics Management, both from Izmir University of Economics. She began her career as a research assistant in 2009 and worked as a professional in business development and supply chain management departments until 2016. She is currently a full-time lecturer at Piri Reis University, in her fourth year of teaching experience. In her research, she mainly focuses on digital innovation in supply chains and business ecosystems from a managerial point of view. %2 Piri Reis University M. Can Köseoğlu graduated from Piri Reis University of Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering in 2016 and obtained his MSc degree in Maritime Transportation Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, while also working towards his second MSc degree in Industrial Engineering in Galatasaray University. Currently he is working as a research assistant in Piri Reis University Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering Department. His studies focus on green ports, ship routing optimization and smart technologies in maritime transportation. %3 Piri Reis University Funda Yercan, a Professor of International Shipping and Logistics Management since 2005, holds a PhD in International Shipping, Transportation and Logistics from the University of Plymouth in the UK. She has been in professional life and academia more than 30 years, teaching at undergraduate and graduate levels, conducting research, publishing papers in international journals indexed in SSCI and SCI, presenting papers at international conferences in a number of countries, and serving as an administrator. She was also a Visiting Professor at Maine Maritime Academy-MMA in the USA, founding Dean of the Maritime Faculty at Kyrenia American University in Northern Cyprus and is currently the Dean of the Maritime Faculty at Piri Reis University in Istanbul, Turkey. Her studies focus on international shipping, maritime logistics, supply chains, and smart technologies. %& 19 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1447 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Living Labs for Public Sector Innovation: insights from a European case study %A Anne Vorre Hansen %A Lars Fuglsang %A Christine Liefooghe %A Luis Rubalcaba %A David Gago %A Ines Mergel & Nathalie Haug %A Maria Taivalsaari Røhnebæk & Francesco Mureddu %K Citizen engagement %K co-creation %K living labs %K Open innovation %K Public sector innovation %X Living labs have gained increased attention in research and practice as both a practical and theoretical innovation phenomenon that emphasizes co-creation, real-life settings, and user/customer involvement. More recently, living labs have also emerged as a specific approach to open innovation processes in the context of publics across the EU. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how the understanding of living labs can be translated and organized into new sectorial settings, what type of public sector innovation challenges it addresses, and what role citizens and users have. The aim of this article is therefore to explore and analyze how living labs are applied as processes for public sector innovation. Based on a mixed method approach of 21 European living lab cases, the analysis reveals a pattern of three different processes for living lab organizational and actor roles: living labs organized as cross-sectorial collaboration, living labs emerging within the public sector as main initiator and beneficiary, and living labs developed by civil society actors. The findings are presented as three scenarios for implementing living labs, which also acts as a background for the article's final discussion about the potentials and pitfalls of living labs in public sector contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 47-58 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1464 %N 9/10 %1 Roskilde University Anne Vorre Hansen (Corresponding author) is Associate Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at Roskilde University. Anne is an experienced consultant, project manager and researcher of user- and citizen-driven innovation processes across the private, public and third sector, alongside of civil society led initiatives. In her current research, she focuses on social innovation and value co-creation processes and practices. %2 Roskilde University Lars Fuglsang is Professor at Roskilde University, Denmark. His research is on how institutional and organizational frameworks are created to deal with the impact of innovation, technology and other forms of change on business and society. His current research focuses on practice-based understandings of the innovation process, where innovation is seen as closely connected with practices and routines. %3 Lille University Christine Liefooghe is Lecturer in economic geography at the Faculty of Economic, Social and Territory Sciences, Lille University, France. Her research focuses on innovation, regional development, and urban change in the knowledge, cultural and creative economy. Her latest projects have focused on the creative city, then the spatial diffusion of third places (coworking, Fablabs) and, within the framework of the Co-VAL H2020 project, on Living Labs and the digitalization of public policies. %4 University of Alacala Luis Rubalcaba is Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Alcalá and director of the Master on Innovation Economics, Management and Technology. Previous positions: scientific co-coordinator of the Co-VAL H2020 project on public sector innovation, senior innovation specialist at the World Bank in Washington, DC (US), visiting Fulbright Scholar at Boston University (US), distinguished professor at VTT-Tekes/Academy of Science (Finland), honorary scholar at the University of Birmingham (UK), and president of RESER (European Association for Services Research). %# San Pablo CEU University David Gago is Lecturer at San Pablo CEU University, Spain, and Professor of the Master on Innovation Economics, Management and Technology at the University of Alcalá, Spain. He has researched and published in the areas of service innovation, innovation metrics and impacts of innovation, and public policies. His practical experience includes working extensively both with public and private boards on strategic planning, decision making, and evaluation/impact assessment. Over time he has also served non-profit organizations. %$ University of Konstanz Ines Mergel is full Professor of digital governance at the University of Konstanz, Germany, where she heads the Digital Governance Lab. She is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA). Her research focuses on the digital transformation of the public sector. University of Konstanz Nathalie Haug holds a master’s degree in Politics and Public Administration and is currently a PhD Student in the department of Politics and Public Administration at the University of Konstanz. Her research interests cover public sector innovation, digital transformation of organizations, as well as citizen participation in the design and delivery of public services. %] Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Maria Taivalsaari Røhnebæk is a senior researcher at Inland School of Business and Social Sciences at the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences. She holds a master’s degree in social anthropology and a PhD in technology, innovation and culture from the University of Oslo. Her research focuses on innovation and digitalization in public services, with emphasis on welfare, care, and social services. She has conducted extensive fieldwork in India and Norway, and she is currently working with research projects focusing on service innovation, service design, and co-creation in public services. Belgian Think Tank Lisbon Council Francesco Mureddu is an analyst and strategist in innovation and technology policies and is currently Director at the Belgian Think Tank Lisbon Council. Aside from his primary activity, he serves as partner and business development consultant for the consultancy start-up DataPower Consulting, as well as consultant for several clients including PwC Italy, KPMG Italy, NOVA, JRC Seville, Outsight, Region Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Manpower, Adecco, Proter, and I2Grow. He holds an MA in Economics from the Catholic University of Louvain and a PhD in Economics from the University of Cagliari. %& 47 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1464 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Managing the Disruption of Mobility Services: How to align the value propositions of key ecosystem players %A Joel Wolff %A Esko Hakanen %K Design Framework %K ecosystem %K Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) %K Urban Mobility %K value proposition %X Many industries nowadays are facing drastic changes that enable and require new forms of interdependencies that facilitate complex ecosystems of interconnected actors. This paper investigates such a transformation facing the mobility sector, as user-centric bundles of mobility services are being introduced and compiled, by referring to the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept. In the process, new value propositions arise that call for aligning the established players with new entrants. The implementation of MaaS is still in its infancy, and many open questions remain about how local authorities should support its emergence. One key challenge relates to decomposing the focal offering of the MaaS ecosystem into complementary value propositions for key players in the industry. This paper presents the results of a constructive design research project, building on interviews with a leading MaaS provider, as well as stakeholders representing national and local authorities in four European cities. The findings emphasize the need to balance a shared desire to disrupt conventional ways of offering mobility services against reluctance to overturn the industry's public and private incumbents. The co-design framework that results serves to summarize five steps that enable MaaS by guiding strategic interaction between local authorities and various players in the mobility ecosystem. In addition, the article builds on ecosystem research insights and emphasizes the need to align value propositions among multiple stakeholders. The study suggests that the mobility sector provides a prominent empirical context for future ecosystem research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 13-25 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1433 %N 4 %1 Aalto University Joel Wolff, MA (Art & Design), is a strategic service designer and researcher currently focusing on user-centric sustainable development, systems analysis and urban transformation. His forte is in applying co-creative design methods to facilitate sensemaking and strategy development. Mr. Wolff is affiliated with the Department of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Design at Aalto University. %2 Aalto University Esko Hakanen, DSc (Tech), is a postdoctoral researcher in the areas of digitalization, platforms, and value creation and sharing in networks. His work builds on an interdisciplinary background and combines multiple perspectives for analyzing digital transformation as a socio-technical change. Dr. Hakanen is affiliated with the Department of Industrial Engineering and the Design Factory at Aalto University. %& 13 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1433 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Perspectives from Higher Education: Applied Sciences University Teachers on the Digitalization of the Bioeconomy %A Essi Ryymin %K Applied Sciences Universities %K Bioeconomy %K Digital disruption %K Higher Education Teachers %K Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) %X The bioeconomy is being disrupted due to global trends of digitalization and automation. Knowledge-intensive businesses and sustainable solutions in carbon-smart food production have resulted in various consequences for the professionals working in and for bioeconomy. This paper examines bioeconomy teachers' perceptions of digitalization. It draws on research data from semi-structured focus-group interviews that were conducted with bioeconomy teachers in applied sciences higher education. The theoretical frame for the analysis was Mishra and Koehler's (2006) teacher knowledge framework for technology integration called Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The results suggest that although applied sciences university teachers have strong Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), they need more systematic approach and support to develop Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) in a disruptive field. Teaching in a rapidly transforming discipline, like bioeconomy, requires continuous co-development of all TPACK knowledge components by teachers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 24-32 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1420 %N 2 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr. Essi Ryymin holds a PhD in Educational Sciences from the University of Tampere (TUNI, 2008). She had held several educational specialist, project manager, and R&D manager positions in the public and private sector in competence development and the digitalization of education. She currently acts as a Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences, and leads the Future Work Research & Development Team with a focus and interest on exploring transformative work, future skills of professionals, and continuous learning. %& 24 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1420 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Practitioner’s View on Distributed Storage Systems: Overview, Challenges and Potential Solutions %A Michel Legault %X This paper provides an overview on how content can be managed with a blockchain or other distributed ledger technology (DLT), and what challenges need to be addressed in managing this content as part of transactions. Transactions on a blockchain may require supporting documents, for example, photos, reference documents, or actual contracts. As DLTs becoming an increasingly popular method to complete transactions and share information, several issues are arising that need to be addressed, such as: Where should this electronic content in documents be stored? Will the storage system have the features and functionality to properly manage this content through the "information lifecycle", including the retention and disposition of business records based on legal and regulatory requirements? The paper presents an overview of the emerging technology involved with distributed storage systems. It presents five solutions currently available, including their designs, how they secure and store files, and whether or not these files can be deleted in order to meet record disposition requirements and regulations. The discussion points out the need for alignment between multiple stakeholders and consortium members in a distributed ledger-based community with shared ecosystem scaling objectives. The challenges of scaling include the need to protect personal and sensitive information, especially when this information should normally be disposed after a record's retention period has ended. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 32-41 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1448 %N 6 %1 Telus Canada Michel Legault has over 17 years of information technology and information management experience with expertise in knowledge, content and records management. Michel’s particular expertise is with strategy, governance, processes and solutions, and project management. Michel has additional expertise with information architecture. Michel is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP), an OpenText Content Server Business Consultant, and an AIIM Enterprise Records Management (ERM) Specialist. Michel has also completed an introductory certificate in blockchain / cryptocurrencies from the University of Nicosia. Michel has a wide range of experience in different industries, including the Public and Non-Profit Sectors, Transportation, Energy and Resources, the Life Sciences, Financial Services and Consumer Products. Michel was a co-author for the Deloitte paper "The digital workplace: Think, share, do – Transform your employee experience" (2011). He has delivered presentations on the following: "Information Governance in The Age of Blockchain" (ARMA NCR Conference, November 2018), "Ying and Yang: Governance for Structured and Unstructured Content" (ARMA Canada Conference, May 2017), and "Functional Classification and Records Management) in the Ontario Public Service (IMAPS Symposium, May 2012). %& 32 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1448 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Reinvigorating the Discourse on Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence in Educational Technologies %A André Renz %A Gergana Vladova %K artificial intelligence %K design for value approach. %K educational technology %K human-centered AI %K intelligent tutoring systems %X The increasing relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in various domains has led to high expectations of benefits, ranging from precision, efficiency, and optimization to the completion of routine or time-consuming tasks. Particularly in the field of education, AI applications promise immense innovation potential. A central focus in this field is on analyzing and evaluating learner characteristics to derive learning profiles and create individualized learning environments. The development and implementation of such AI-driven approaches are related to learners' data, and thus involves several privacies, ethics, and morality challenges. In this paper, we introduce the concept of human-centered AI, and consider how an AI system can be developed in line with human values without posing risks to humanity. Because the education market is in the early stages of incorporating AI into educational tools, we believe that this is the right time to raise awareness about the use of principles that foster human-centered values and help in building responsible, ethical, and value-oriented AI. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 5-16 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1438 %N 5 %1 Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society André Renz holds a Ph.D. in the field of economics and behavioral sciences from the University of Bayreuth. Using a trans- and interdisciplinary research approach, he combines methods in sociology, psychology, and economics to gain a deeper understanding of everyday phenomena and market changes. Since 2018, he has led the research group Data-Driven Business Model Innovation at the Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society in Berlin. In 2020, he was a resident scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, where he focused on the transatlantic comparison between the US and the German EdTech markets. Currently, his focus is on the topic of artificial intelligence in education, learning analytics, data-based EdTech solutions, and digital transformation and innovation in education and knowledge transfer. %2 University of Potsdam and Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society Gergana Vladova is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Potsdam and head of the Research Group Education and Advanced Training in the Digital Society at the Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society in Berlin. She holds a master's degree in international economic relations from the University of National and World Economy (Sofia, Bulgaria), a master's degree in communication sciences and economics (FU Berlin), and a PhD in business informatics (University of Potsdam). Her main topics of interest are learning and competence development in the context of digitalization, knowledge, and innovation management. During her research stays at Stellenbosch University (South Africa) and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, she was (and still is) actively involved in international and interdisciplinary research and teaching projects. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1438 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Review of Living Lab Research and Methods for User Involvement %A Judy Hong Huang %A Elisa Thomas %K bibliometric analysis %K co-creation %K literature review %K Living lab %K user involvement %X Living lab initiatives attempt to solve challenges by stimulating innovative collaboration and outcomes, which unfold in multifarious activities. This study investigates the progress of Living lab research over time. It explores its current trends, along with methods and tools used by Living labs for user involvement. By employing a two-step approach, the study first presents a bibliometric analysis of 535 publications, including detection of convergence towards areas like the aging problem of societies, smart cities, Urban Living labs, and overall sustainability. Urban Living lab clusters have been growing rapidly and forming their own research domain. Subsequently, a review of 42 empirical papers explores the methods and tools adopted by Living labs for user involvement during the innovation process. We categorize the methods into the following eight groups: 1) Structured interaction, 2) Flexible interaction, 3) Extended network, 4) Special actors, 5) Learning and engaging, 6) Design approaches; 7) Techniques, 8) Operational guidelines. The study contributes both to theoretical and practice-oriented Living lab research and offers potential support especially to practitioners. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 88-107 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1467 %N 9/10 %1 University of Stavanger Judy Hong Huang is a Ph.D. candidate at the Business School, University of Stavanger, Norway. She works with a research project named “Releasing the Power of Users - articulating user interests to accelerate new innovative pathways in digital health and welfare sector”. It is a four-year international project funded by the Norwegian Research Council. Her study belongs to its work package 2, “Creating boundary innovation space” with a special interest in living labs, their user-driven or user-inspired innovations, and methods for user involvement. %2 Nord University Elisa Thomas is an Associate Professor at Nord University (Norway) and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Stavanger (Norway). She is a leader of the Academic Division in Competences, Behaviour, and Culture for Innovation at the Brazilian Academy of Management (ANPAD), and a leader of the Special Interest Group on Responsible Innovation at the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Her research interests include entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems, the role of universities in regional development, start-up incubators, technology parks, and open innovation intermediaries. %& 88 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1467 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Roadmap for Systematically Identifying Opportunities in Ecosystems Using Scientific Publications Data %A Behrooz Khademi %A Hannele Lampela %A Kosmas X. Smyrnios %K ecosystem %K knowledge %K opportunity %K roadmap %K scientometrics %K text mining %X Opportunity identification is a continuous process in ecosystems. However, ambiguities and challenges associated with knowledge exploration and exploitation can retard opportunity recognition processes. This in turn may culminate in excessive expenditure of resources or loss of latent opportunities. The present study adopts an analytical approach and proposes a methodological roadmap that utilizes scientometric and text mining techniques. The roadmap uses data from Web of Science as input, and generates insights that support decision-making about resource saving, strategic planning, investment, and policymaking. Our roadmap extends methods used in studying ecosystems by combining existing and novel techniques in data analytics. Using Python and VOSViewer, we show an exemplary application of the new roadmap, framed in the context of the Nordic countries’ renewable energy ecosystem. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 34-55 %8 01/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1415 %N 1 %1 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Behrooz Khademi is a PhD Candidate in Technology and Innovation Management at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in Melbourne, Australia. He received his BSc degree in Production and Manufacturing Engineering from the National Technical University of Ukraine in Kiev, Ukraine, and his MSc degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Lappeenranta University of Technology in Lappeenranta, Finland. His research focuses on value creation, value capture, and knowledge management in ecosystems. He applies a variety of scientometric, patentometric, and text mining methods in his research. %2 University of Oulu Hannele Lampela (D.Sc in Tech) is a Senior Research Fellow in Industrial Engineering and Management research unit at University of Oulu, Finland. She has more than 15 years of experience in university teaching and research, with diverse topics in information and knowledge management such as networked value creation, innovation management, distributed knowledge work, competence management, inter-organizational learning, and product lifecycle information management. Her current research interests focus on information and knowledge-driven transformation in different industries, ecosystems and platforms. In addition to her teaching and research experience, Dr. Lampela has extensive project experience by being involved in several EU and nationally funded research projects. %3 University of the South Pacific Kosmas X. Smyrnios is an Honorary Professor of Family Business Entrepreneurship, in The School of Business and Management, The University of the South Pacific. Kosmas was a past Foundation Associate Editor of the Journal of Family Business Strategy and former Associate Editor of the Family Business Review journal, and a former Foundation Board Member of the International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA). Kosmas has undertaken a number of research consultancy projects for prominent multinational corporations including AXA, the Commonwealth Bank, MGi Australasia, Price Waterhouse Coopers, BDO Chartered Accountants, and Family Business Australia. Professor Smyrnios is also frequently called upon to provide expert media commentary on pertinent matters relating to family business and entrepreneurship. Professor Smyrnios has secured over $1.5m in competitive and industry research funding and has supervised 30 PhD candidates to successful completion, the projects of which include family business best practice, organizational resilience, strategic and marketing capabilities, information systems capabilities, accounting and strategic management education, business coaching, and the biological and genetic basis of narcissism. %& 34 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1415 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T The Role of Digital Platforms in Resident-Centric Housing Concepts %A Inka Lappalainen %A Maija Federley %K digital platforms %K housing %K platform design %K platform ecosystems %K S-D logic %K value creation and capture %X Platform-enabled services targeted to make everyday life easier have become increasingly available in recent decades, which in some cases challenge traditional ways of owning and working. However, comprehensive data-driven value creation opportunities, which are seamlessly connected to various needs in the everyday life of citizens or residents, are still largely untapped and unstudied. This article investigates value creation opportunities for holistic housing concepts with related ecosystems designed to combine the physical environment of residents along with a digital platform. The novelty of this study builds on a holistic understanding of value co-creation in housing, enabled by digital platforms at the ecosystem level. The empirical study focuses on a qualitative multi-case study of four holistic and resident-centric service concepts, which all include digital platforms. The main findings are concluded as follows: First, digital platforms enable various value creation opportunities in resident-centric housing concepts and related ecosystems. Second, exploring strategic choices regarding competitiveness, innovation, and growth revealed that digital platforms played various roles such as informative, supportive, integrative, or even embedded in novel housing as a service platform concepts, which call for totally new orchestration and business models across traditional industrial and ecosystem boundaries. Third, in light of the basic mechanisms for ensuring competitiveness and growth in data and a platform economy, we identify two main alternative strategic approaches. The findings serve both practitioners and researchers exploring opportunities of a platform economy, with a particular benefit for those in largely unstudied housing markets. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 45-58 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1473 %N 11-12 %1 VTT Foresight Inka Lappalainen M.Sc. (Ed), eMBA works as a Senior Scientist at VTT Foresight and data economy research area. She joined VTT in 2000, where she has gained broad-based expertise in strategic renewal and service business transformation, in addition to innovation management and design thinking in various industries. During the last five years, she has focused on new value co-creation opportunities enabled by data and platform economy for various actors in ecosystems, particularly in the fields of smart built environment and smart living. Her diverse publications serve both scientific audiences and practitioners. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Maija Federley M.Sc. (Tech) works as a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Her research interests include user-centricity, data-driven solutions, and business strategies. During her 11-year career at VTT, she has worked in projects focusing on digitalization, environmental sustainability, and service business development in multi-stakeholder contexts, including the fields of built environment, automated driving, and the public sector. %& 45 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1473 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Rural Living Labs: Inclusive Digital Transformation in the Countryside %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Johanna Lindberg %A Mari Runardotter %A Yomn Elmistikawy %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Diana Chronéer %K Components %K digital transformation %K Living lab %K Rural living lab %K Rural residents %K user engagement %X Digital transformation (DT) has received increasing attention in recent years. Up until now, most of the current studies focus on digital transformation in advanced and dense societies, especially urban areas and technologies. Hence, the phenomenon of DT is under-researched in the context of rural and sparsely populated contexts. This study aims at exploring how a rural living lab (RLL) can be shaped and how this approach can be designed to support digital transformation processes in rural contexts. In so doing, following a design science research methodology (DSRM) approach, we have made an artefact (that is, RLL framework) that is an "instantiation" that supports user centric digitalization of rural areas. The designed framework is developed based on the key components of "traditional" and "urban" living labs, as well as empirical data which was collected within the context of the DigiBy project. The DigiBy project aims at conducting DT pilots in rural areas to elevate peoples' understanding of digitalization and the application of digitalization opportunities for service development in rural areas in the north of Sweden. As a result of these studies, five key components that guide the design of digital transformation pilots in rural areas emerged, namely: 1) rural context, 2) digitalization, 3) governance, control, and business mode, 4) methods facilitating DT processes, and 5) quintuple helix actors. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the rural living lab concept, followed by avenues for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 59-72 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1465 %N 9/10 %1 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul (Rasoul) Habibipour (Ph.D.) is a postdoctoral researcher in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is Managing director of Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on participatory design and user engagement in information systems development processes, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has previously worked in information technology (IT) projects for more than 13 years as a project leader and project manager as well as software designer, developer and programmer. He has been involved in teaching and supervising students at the bachelor, master and PhD levels and has published several journal and conference articles in his research topic. He also serves as guest editor, track chair, and reviewer in different international conferences and scientific journals within the information systems field. %2 Luleå University of Technology Johanna Lindberg is a project manager and PhD candidate at Luleå university of technology who has more than 20 years of experience working with regional and local development in different subject areas. She has participated in the development of political goal management both from a researcher's perspective and from an official’s perspective. In short, she has worked to achieve the national political goals in several policy areas: environmental, gender equality, broadband, digitalization, culture, leisure, attractive sustainable growth, commercial service, payment service, and public health policy goals. %3 Luleå University of Technology Associate Prof. Mari Runardotter holds a PhD in Social Informatics from Luleå University of Technology. Her research focuses on social, societal and organizational effects of IT, primarily in the areas of digitalisation/digital transformation and service innovation. She use theories and methods for user engagement and involvement, that emphasize social, societal, cultural, organizational and gender aspects in the interaction between humans and information systems. %4 Luleå University of Technology Yomn Elmistikawy is a PHD candidate at Luleå university of technology. Her research focuses on the complexity of stakeholder involvement in the digital innovation process. She explores the roles stakeholders adopt, as well as, the interconnectedness and conflicts within these roles. She has participated in 5G related research projects focusing on the end user needs. She has experience in design science research and its use in designing solutions for information sharing during industrial crisis. %# Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a chair professor in Information systems at Luleå University of Technology. Her research is focused on user engagement in innovation processes, with special interest in service innovation designed to create an added value for its users. Annas research is related to different application areas such as IT-use in everyday contexts, Smart Cities and Internet of Things. Anna has participated in numerous European and national innovation and research projects and she has been published in several scientific journals as well as in books and at conferences. %$ Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. Her main research interests are in the area of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. Her latest research project has been around designing for business value in collaboration platform development. %& 59 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1465 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Simulating a Biorefinery Ecosystem to Manage and Motivate Sustainable Regional Nutrient Circulation %A Olli Koskela %A Clemens Dempers %A Maritta Kymäläinen %A Jarkko Nummela %K Bioreactor %K circular economy %K nutrient recycling %K simulation %K waste management %X Creating an ecologically sustainable circulation of nutrients requires local solutions with commitment from all participating parties. Due to vast differences between various regions, it is very complicated, if not impossible, to create fair, simple, and applicable legislation that can consider all of these differences in a meaningful way. Thus, there is a need for clear and easy ways of developing sustainable and viable solutions locally, as well as communicating them with local community and all the way up to the supervising governmental representatives. To meet this need, we developed a simulation tool that allows the user to explore the effectiveness and impact of a local biorefinery in waste management. As an iterative model based on state machine agents, it can easily be modified for a multitude of scenarios with changes taking place over time, while considering the viewing points of all involved. In this article, we report the first version of this tool and demonstrate its usefulness in estimating suitable biogas reactor size in a biorefinery. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 33-43 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1421 %N 2 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Olli Koskela is currently working as a research manager at Häme University of Applied Sciences with a data science team. His research areas include many bioeconomic processes, such as dairy production, feed quality management, and soil maintenance. He holds a Master of Science degree in applied mathematics from Helsinki University and is finalizing his PhD thesis in the field of biomedical engineering at Tampere University. %2 University of Pretoria Clemens Dempers obtained a MSc in Physics at the University of Natal and is a registered professional physicist. He is interested in multi-paradigm data science and modeling & simulation of complex systems, and how these methodologies can enable better decision making. Clemens has been involved in multiple consulting projects, in South Africa, Botswana, India, New Zealand, and Finland. He is currently enrolled in a PhD program at the University of Pretoria in the Industrial & Systems Engineering department. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Maritta Kymäläinen is currently working as a principal research scientist and leader of a biomass refining team at Häme University of Applied Sciences. She has expertise in valorization of biowastes and side streams by thermal and biotechnical processes, and considerable experience in managing R&D projects related to circular bioeconomy, nutrient recycling, algae production, and overall utilization chains of waste and side streams from horticulture, agriculture, and the food industry. She holds a Doctor of Science (technology) degree in chemical engineering from Åbo Akademi University, and a M.Sc. degree in bioengineering at Helsinki University of Technology. %4 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jarkko Nummela is currently working as a research service manager in Häme University of Applied Sciences. He has worked as a researcher in various applied research projects mainly with circular economy and especially nutrient circulation. Conversion of biomasses into algae, biogas or biochar has been the main method utilized in his nutrient circulation projects. Jarkko received his MSc (tech) degree in mechanics from the Technical University of Lappeenranta. He has work experience for many years in the metal industry. In early 2000, he graduated from a Biotechnology and Food Engineering degree program at Häme University of Applied Sciences. %& 33 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1421 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T SMEs and the Innovation Management Process: A multi-level process conceptual framework %A Angelo Dossou-Yovo %A Christian Keen %K innovation %K Innovation management %K innovation process %K small business %X The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to manage the innovation process in small businesses. It is based on research from 11 case studies in the Montreal software industry using contingency and resource dependency theories. This conceptual framework provides a view of the innovation process that differs from the linear approach often used in many studies to investigate innovation in small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). The linear approach considers the process as a set of activities that includes developing from one stage to another, while depending on the previous one. We conceptualize the innovation process in small businesses as an interactive process that involves a set of six subprocesses and several keys points of resources mobilization, which requires interacting with both internal and external business actors. Successful mobilization of innovation resources at all key points determines the success or failure of SMEs' innovation processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 22-33 %8 01/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1414 %N 1 %1 York University Dr. Angelo Dossou-Yovo is Associate Professor in the Department of International Studies at York University (Toronto, Canada) where he teaches Management and Entrepreneurship in the dual degree program in International Studies and Business Administration, a program jointly offered with emLyon Business School (France). His research interests focus on the processes of opportunity recognition, growth and innovation in small and medium sized businesses in the information technology industry as well as innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. %2 Laval University Laval University Christian Keen, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the Département de Management, Université Laval, Canada. Christian has an extensive research and working experience in Europe, Latin America, and North America. Before joining Université Laval, Dr. Keen was Director Graduate Program in Finance at Universidad ORT Uruguay and member of the Department of Marketing & Management at University of Southern Denmark. His professional experience includes being member of several the Board of Directors of private companies and NGOs. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, and international business. His research interests are in the areas of international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, emerging economies, and rapidly growing firms. Christian is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, and associated editor of TIM Review and European Journal of Family Business. He has presented his research in several international conferences such as AIB, AOM, EIBA, and has also published papers in those areas. %& 22 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1414 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Strategies for a Small to Medium-sized Enterprise to Engage in an Existing Ecosystem %A Ermela Bashuri %A Tony Bailetti %K Complementarities %K ecosystem %K engagement %K Entry %K SME %K strategy %K value creation %X Recent advances in ecosystem theory prescribe that companies need to develop offers that are modular and form unique or supermodular complementarities with other offers. However, both academic and managerial knowledge of the strategies that especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) can use to engage in existing ecosystems for value creation remains scattered and predominantly vague. This article thus aims to explore applicable ecosystem engagement strategies from the perspective of SMEs, as discussed in previous scholarly literature. In so doing, the article puts forward and elaborates three distinct strategies that SMEs can apply to become part of value-creating ecosystems. In this way, the findings contribute to the literature on ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 5-19 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1453 %N 7/8 %1 TIM Program, Carleton University Ermela Bashuri is a MEng graduate of Carleton University’s TIM program. She also holds a MSc degree in European Economic Studies from the University of Tirana in Albania. Ermela is an experienced finance officer who has worked in the government, telecommunications, IT, and banking sectors. During her studies at Carleton University, Ermela held the position of Research Assistant and is currently working as a Business Analyst for Lixar IT (Lixar- BDO) in Ottawa, Canada. Her research interests include innovation ecosystems, e-commerce, and cross border trade. %2 TIM Program, Carleton University Dr. Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business and the Faculty of Engineering and Design (carleton.ca). Dr. Bailetti is the past Director of Carleton’s Technology Management Innovation (TIM) program (timprogram.ca). He is the founder of the Scale Early, Rapidly and Securely community (globalgers.org) and the TIM Review (timreview.ca). He is the Chair of the Board of the Nigeria-Canada Trade and Investment Group (nctig.org). He is the lead for the AI for Local Value and Cross-border for Local Value, two global programs designed to scale the value of companies early and rapidly. His areas of expertise include: i) Technology entrepreneurship; ii) Scaling companies early, rapidly, and securely; and iii) Cross-border ecommerce. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1453 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Technology Project Summaries as a Predictor of Crowdfunding Success %A Mika Westerlund %A Ishdeep Singh %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Seppo Leminen %K backers %K crowdfunding %K failure %K funding %K fundraising %K Kickstarter %K prediction %K project %K success %K topic modelling %X Crowdfunding has emerged in recent years as an important alternative means for technology entrepreneurs to raise funds for their products and business ideas. While the success rate of crowdfunding projects is somewhat low, scholarly understanding of what distinguishes projects that reach their fundraising goals from those that fail remains incomplete. Further, studies on crowdfunding success often examine a number of variables that make predicting success a challenge for entrepreneurs wiling to use crowdfunding. This study uses topic modelling on a data set of over 21,000 technology projects from Kickstarter to investigate if short-text project summaries can reveal predictors of fundraising success on crowdfunding platforms. The results indicate that compared to those that fail in fundraising, project summaries of successfully funded technology projects put forward more trendy topics, use wording that reflects novelty, and focus on solving a social problem. Our results contribute to theory and practice by suggesting the importance of summarizing project content for crowdfunding success. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 33-44 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1472 %N 11-12 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Carleton University Ishdeep Singh is a web developer at the ITS web services Team at Carleton University. He is a technology enthusiast and has completed his master's in Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program from Carleton University. He has worked with big consulting firms - Infosys as well as small-scale digital marketing and real estate technology startups. Ishdeep is an inventive IT professional receptive to novel technologies and measures that are specially associated with societal benefits. He is proficient in researching and analyzing data to identify, create and execute technological problems related to the Implementation, Adaptation and scalability of Products. His present research interests include business technology strategy, social analytics, technology optimization, adaptation strategy, SME and marketing. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), MSc (Tech), LLM, works as RDI Specialist in the field of Digital Economy at South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences Xamk, Finland, and as Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. Her research interests include digitalization, entrepreneurship, business models, working women, service innovations and sustainable logistics. Her research has been published in numerous publications and international refereed journals. Her publications are listed on Google Scholar. %4 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is Drammen City Municipality chaired (Full) Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. He is an Associate Editor in Techovation and an Associate editor in BRQ, Business Research Quarterly. His current research topics includes digital business models and ecosystems (cf. Internet of Things), robotics, block chains, living labs, innovation ecosystems, collaborative and networked models of innovations, collaborative methods of innovations, as well as management and marketing models for different types of companies. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %& 33 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1472 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Urban Living Labs and Transformative Changes: A qualitative study of the triadic relationship between financing, stakeholder roles, and the outcomes of Urban Living Labs in terms of impact creation in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands %A Stefano Blezer %A Nurhan Abujidi %K Impact Creation %K Transformative Changes %K Trust Building %K urban living labs %X Urban Living Labs (ULLs) have become a popular instrument for finding solutions to urban challenges faced by cities. While ULLs have achieved a certain level of normalisation in cities, a general lack of understanding remains regarding the character and purpose of the ULL phenomenon still leaves many challenges open to be overcome. One challenge involves the potential impact of ULLs in contributing to meaningful transformative changes. By combining a literature review with a comparative case study of three ULLs in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands, this study confirms and adds to current theoretical positions taken about how to overcome the challenge in terms of holding a shared ideology and reviewing the concepts of agency and power. It also shows that opportunity comes along with trust-building among stakeholders in ULLs, as a way to enhance their potential in practise. Consequently, this study calls for further research regarding underexplored theories and models of ULLs, power dynamics in ULLs, and into their self-sustaining character, both in terms of social adoption and ownership, as well as financial sustainability. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 73-87 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1466 %N 9/10 %1 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Stefano Blezer is a lecturer and researcher in Spatial Planning at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences in the Built Environment Academy and Smart Urban Redesign research centre. He holds a BSc. in Spatial Planning at the eponymous institute (2017) and a MSc. in Socio-Spatial Planning from the University of Groningen, the Netherlands (2020). His BSc. is about Urban Living Labs and its applicability in the context of Limburg, and his MSc. thesis is about Urban Living Labs and their potential to shape systemic changes in doing urban development. His expertise and interest mainly revolve around the relationship between the physical built environment and human behaviour, as well as related themes such as spatial justice, spatial inequalities, or co-creation governance and collaboration modes. Blezer also advocates an established role for spatial planning in achieving the UN SDGs. %2 Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Nurhan Abujidi is Associate Professor at Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, where she is the Head of the Smart Urban Redesign research centre. She leads urban renewal projects in multiple neighbourhoods and cities in Limburg, including Maastricht, Heerlen, and Kerkrade. Abujidi holds a doctor’s degree in Architecture, Urban Design and Regional Planning from KU Leuven (Belgium). At this university, she also completed a post-graduate master’s degree in Architecture of Human Settlement. Abujidi was a teacher in international, post-graduate programmes at the Belgian universities KU Leuven and Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB). At VUB, she was the academic coordinator of the Erasmus Mundus UII-module Urban Studies. As a vice-dean and senior researcher at the School of Architecture of San Jorge University (Zaragoza), Abujidi led multiple research projects on urban development. Her expertise includes urban renewal, public space revitalisation, and tactical urbanism. %& 73 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1466 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Using Web Text Analytics to Categorize the Business Focus of Innovative Digital Health Companies %A Abdulla Aweisi %A Daman Arora %A Renée Emby %A Madiha Rehman %A George Tanev %A Stoyan Tanev %K Digital health sector %K machine learning %K Market offer %K topic modeling algorithm %K value proposition %K web analytics %X Categorizing the market focus of larger samples of companies can be a tedious and time-consuming process for both researchers and business analysts interested in developing insights about emerging business sectors. The objective of this article is to suggest a text analytics approach to categorizing the application areas of companies operating in the digital health sector based on the information provided on their websites. More specifically, we apply topic modeling on a collection of text documents, including information collected from the websites of a sample of 100 innovative digital health companies. The topic model helps in grouping the companies offering similar types of market offers. It enables identifying the companies that are most highly associated with each of the topics. In addition, it allows identifying some of the emerging themes that are discussed online by the companies, as well as their specific market offers. The results will be of interest to inspiring technology entrepreneurs, organizations supporting new ventures, and business accelerators interested to enhance their services to new venture clients. The development, operationalization, and automation of the company categorization process based on publicly available information is a methodological contribution that opens the opportunity for future applications in research and business practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 65-78 %8 10/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1457 %N 7/8 %1 TechBrew Robotics Abdulla Aweisi, MEnt, B.Sc., currently is working as IT Manager with TechBrew Robotics, Salmon Arm, BC, Canada. Abdulla has more than 15 years of experience in the Information Technology field, with a demonstrated history of working in the Building Materials Manufacturing \ Retail industry. Skilled in IT Digital & Business Transformation, Business Processes re-engineering, ERP Implementations, and IT Strategy. Passionate about Business Intelligence, Data Science, and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Holding a B.Sc. in Computer Science (2006) from Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT), Amman, Jordan, and Masters of Entrepreneurship, Technology Innovation Management (TIM) (2021) from Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. %2 Carleton University Daman Arora, is a Software Engineer, currently working towards a Master of Applied Business Analytics degree in TIM Program at Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Prior to that, Daman studied Computer Systems Technician program (2017, Algonquin College, Ottawa, ON, Canada) and worked as an Intern as well as a Full Time Software Engineer in the Cloud and Cognitive Support business unit of IBM Canada. Daman has a keen interest in the field of Cloud Computing, DevOps, Data Analytics, & Machine Learning. Daman also enjoys contributing to Open Source projects and has made significant code, and non-code contributions to various projects, notably, Kubernetes, TrinoDB, & Apache CloudStack. Daman Arora is member of the Inaugural Class of Community Advocates at Ambassador Labs for the period of 2021-2022. Daman is continuing his education at York University, where he is pursuing a Certificate in DevOps (2021). %3 Shared Services Canada Renée Emby, B.A, MABA, is a Technical Advisor with Shared Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Renée currently leads a team of employees as they deliver Information Management and Information Technology services to Canadians and the Government of Canada. Before working with Shared Services Canada, Renée was employed with Canada Border Services Agency where she worked in business analytics pertaining to national and international security. Renée began her academic journey at Carleton University where she obtained an undergraduate degree in Business Law (2020) and a Masters of Applied Business Analytics (2021). Renée is continuing her education at the University of Ottawa, where she is pursing a Certificate in Business Process Improvement (2021). Renée’s experience and interests pertain to national security, security of information, data analytics, service management and delivery. %4 Carleton University Madiha Rehman holds a master’s degree (2021) in Business Analytics from the Technology Innovation Management Program at Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before that Madiha did her Honors in Bachelor of Computer Science (2002). Madiha is currently working as a Technical Support Engineer and a Business Development Representative. Madiha is a tech-savvy professional skilled in many areas as an analyst, technical support provider, customer support and success and business development. %# Export Development Canada George Tanev, MSc, MEng, is a Product Owner at Export Development Canada in Ottawa, ON, Canada. He works in innovating and developing knowledge based solutions to support Canadian companies go and grow global. George's background spans multiple interdisciplinary fields including systems engineering, medical device research and development, and entrepreneurship. George's academic backround includes a BEng in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering (Carleton University, 2008), a MEng in Medicine and Technology (Technical University of Denmark, 2012), and a MSc in Technology Innovation Management (Carleton University, 2021). George's research interests include applied business analytics, medical technologies, product innovation and cybersecurity. %$ Carleton University Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %& 65 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1457 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Value Proposition Misalignment and the Failure to Become a Born-Global Company %A Roshana Prabaharan %A Martin Bliemel %A Stoyan Tanev %K Born-global %K failure %K internationalisation %K premature scaling %K value propositions %X This inductive study explores factors by which some new and innovative firms try yet fail to achieve born-global status. Born-global studies have a survivorship bias, with errors of omission that paint a favourable picture of how innovative and well-funded new ventures internationalise. In this paper, we counter such biases by focussing on innovative ventures that expressed intentions to become born global but failed to do so. Our findings reveal that these new ventures fail in two ways. Either they underestimate the need to tailor a portfolio of value propositions and over-extend their efforts across too many markets, a pattern called "baby born-global". Or they over-commit to one market at a time, thus limiting their capacity to develop value propositions in similar markets, a pattern called "micro multinational". %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 38-51 %8 04/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1435 %N 4 %1 Alvarez & Marshal Valuation Services Roshana Prabaharan is currently an Associate with the Alvarez & Marsal Valuation Services practice in London. Prior to joining A&M, Roshana spent several years within the Valuation, Modelling and Economics team at EY in Sydney, where she most recently served as Senior Consultant. Roshana supported her broader team to provide valuations across the Oceania region for a range of purposes (including commercial and strategic, financial reporting and tax purposes) and across a wide variety of sectors. Roshana earned a Bachelor of Commerce (First Class Honours) degree from the University of New South Wales, with majors in Finance and International Business. %2 University of Technology Sydney Associate Professor Martin Bliemel is the Director of Research for TD School at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). TD stands for ‘transdisciplinarity’ which embraces a multitude of academic disciplines and professional practices to tackle complex societal problems. Martin is also the Course Director for the Diploma in Innovation, a unique degree that adds to any undergraduate degree across UTS. Martin holds a BSc (Mechanical Engineering) and MBA from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and a PhD in Business from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada. Martin’s research interests include entrepreneurial networks, accelerators, education, research commercialization, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and the entrepreneurial university. In particular, his work played a key role in the design of the AUD $23m Incubator Support Programme by the federal Department of Industry (DIIS), and the evaluation of the AUD $150m Southern Cross Renewable Energy Fund by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) who are now acting on his recommendations. These days, his main focus is on entrepreneurial ecosystems and working with the public and private sector to stimulate entrepreneurial activity and cultivate innovation precincts. Martin’s research has received multiple awards and been published in several prestigious journals including Nature Nanotechnology, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Technovation, Education+Training, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, and the Entrepreneurship Research Journal. %3 Carleton University Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %& 38 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1435 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Year Acquiring and Publishing Drone Aerial Images in Research on Agriculture, Forestry, and Private Urban Gardens %A Olli Niemitalo %A Eero Koskinen %A Jari Hyväluoma %A Esa Lientola %A Henrik Lindberg %A Olli Koskela %A Iivari Kunttu %X Drone imaging has been shown to have increasing value in monitoring and analysing different kinds of processes related to agriculture and forestry. In long-term monitoring and observation tasks, huge amounts of image data are produced and stored. Environmental drone image datasets may have value beyond the studies that produced the data. A collection of image datasets from multiple data producers can, for example, provide more diverse training input for a machine learning model for vegetation classification, compared with a single dataset limited in time and location. To ensure reproducible research, research data such as image datasets should be published in usable and undegraded form, with sufficient metadata. Timely storage in a stable research data repository is recommended, to avoid loss of data. This work presents research datasets of 2020 drone images acquired from agricultural and forestry research sites of Häme University of Applied Sciences, and from Hämeenlinna urban areas. Those images that do not contain personal data are made freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution license. For images containing personal data, such as images of private homes, privacy preserving forms of data sharing may be possible in the future. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 5-16 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1418 %N 2 %1 HAMK Olli Niemitalo currently works as a data scientist at HAMK. He has a passion in open research and in development of data management practices. Olli has a BSc in biochemistry from Oulu University and a professional background in digital signal processing. %2 HAMK Eero Koskinen is in the last year of his forestry studies at HAMK. Eero has worked in forestry his whole life. During his studies at Evo he got hooked on learning more about GIS. The GIS and drone courses at Evo enabled him to get an internship at the HAMK Evo campus, during which he gathered and processed drone data, including the image datasets presented in this article. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jari Hyväluoma currently works as a Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences. He received a PhD in Applied Physics from the University of Jyväskylä in 2006. His research interests include soil structure, soil hydraulic properties, and organic soil amendments. %4 HAMK Henrik Lindberg (M.Sc., Forestry) is a senior lecturer in HAMK whose field is forest ecology and silviculture. In his research activities, he has focused especially on nature management, forest biodiversity, and forest restoration. %# HAMK Esa Lientola (Master of Natural Resources, Forestry) is a senior lecturer in forestry at HAMK, who specializes in remote sensing, forest planning, and GIS-applications of forestry. In recent years, he has concentrated particularly on developing the practical use of drones for the study of natural resources. %$ Häme University of Applied Sciences Olli Koskela is currently working as a research manager at Häme University of Applied Sciences with a data science team. His research areas include many bioeconomic processes, such as dairy production, feed quality management, and soil maintenance. He holds a Master of Science in applied mathematics from Helsinki University, and is currently finalizing his PhD thesis in the field of biomedical engineering at Tampere University. %] Häme University of Applied Sciences Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), a PhD in Economics (Management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017), and M.A. in Education from Tampere University, Finland (2020). Currently he acts as Leading Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. From 2012 to 2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in the Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D Process Development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and Project Manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1418 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Agile New Solution Development in Manufacturing Companies %A Tuomas Huikkola %A Marko Kohtamäki %K agile development %K innovation practices %K new service development (NSD) %K Open innovation %K servitization and digital servitization %K solution business %K solution development %X This conceptual paper proposes a new agile solution development model for technology and manufacturing companies. The flexible model consists of five key phases: 1) new idea screening, 2) idea nurturing, 3) conversion of ideas into "good enough" solutions, 4) solution productization, and 5) solution revamping. These phases are iterative by nature and follow partial stage model logic, hence combining elements of both the waterfall and agile methods. For technology and manufacturing companies, the new model presents a new way to consider ideas related to new product, service, process, and business model development. It is framed in contrast with older models that are typically product oriented, which potentially restrict companies in the ability to strategically renew themselves fast enough in turbulent product-service markets. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 16-24 %8 03/2020 %G eng %N 3 %1 University of Vaasa Dr. Tuomas Huikkola is an Assistant Professor in the School of Management at the University of Vaasa. Huikkola’s research interests are related to (digital) servitization, strategic change, and firm’s strategic renewal in manufacturing companies. Huikkola has published in international journals such as Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, and Research-Technology Management. %2 University of Vaasa Dr. Marko Kohtamäki is a Professor of Strategy at the University of Vaasa, and a Visiting Professor at the USN Business School, and Luleå University of Technology. Kohtamäki takes special interest in strategic practices, digital servitization, R&D and innovation, business models, and strategic alliances in technology companies. Kohtamäki has published in distinguished international journals such as Strategic Management Journal, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Industrial Marketing Management, Long Range Planning, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, International Journal of Production Economics, Technovation, and Journal of Business Research, amongst others. %& 16 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Agile Product Development Practices for Coping with Learning Paradox in R&D Offshore Units %A Janne Kuivalainen %A Iivari Kunttu %A Marko Kohtamäki %K Agile R&D %K Learning paradox %K R&D offshoring %X R&D offshoring involves the relocation of in-house R&D activities to subsidiary units located in other countries, often associated with low-cost engineering work, to meet global operational requirements. The main motivation behind R&D offshoring by global technology companies is usually to utilize local resources, knowledge, and competencies provided by geographically dispersed subsidiaries in the most effective manner, which in most cases involves high expectations for project performance. However, offshore units often have their own local interests, such as developing their activities to compete with the company's other global R&D units, by not only building their project performance, but also demonstrating learning and innovativeness. This causes a learning paradox in which the R&D unit is expected to possess capabilities for innovation and learning, while at the same time demonstrating a high product development performance. This paper presents a qualitative case study that analyzes how R&D managers in the offshore units of a global technology company can cope with conflicting tensions between learning and performance. The results present a variety of coping practices that are based on developing local innovation strategies, constant learning, and supporting local innovation culture. The results also underline the meaning of agile working models in facilitating local innovation activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 70-78 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1338 %N 3 %1 Danfoss Corporation Janne Kuivalainen is head of Product Management and Development with the Drives business segment (€1,420m sales in 2018) in Danfoss Corporation. Prior to joining Danfoss in early 2019, he was Head of Technology of the Global Marine and Ports Business Unit at ABB. He has also held various management positions with Danfoss, Vacon Plc, and ABB in the areas of Research and Development, Product Management, and System Integration Project Business. He has also contributed to IEC standardization in industrial-process measurement, control and automation via a national working group in Finland. He holds a MSc (Eng) in Automation Engineering from Tampere University of Technology, Finland. His interests cover research activities in Strategic Business Management at the University of Vaasa. %2 Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr. Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), and a PhD in Economics (Management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. From 2012 to 2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in the Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D Process Development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and Project Manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %3 University of Vaasa Dr. Marko Kohtamäki is a Professor of Strategy at the University of Vaasa, and a Visiting Professor at the USN Business School, and Luleå University of Technology. Kohtamäki takes special interest in strategic practices, digital servitization, R&D and innovation, business models, and strategic alliances in technology companies. Kohtamäki has published in distinguished international journals such as Strategic Management Journal, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Industrial Marketing Management, Long Range Planning, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, International Journal of Production Economics, Technovation, and Journal of Business Research, amongst others. %& 70 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1338 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T AI-Driven Digital Platform Innovation %A Sergey A. Yablonsky %K Advanced Analytics %K AI maturity %K AI value chain %K AI-driven platform innovation %K Artificial Intelligence (AI) %K big data %K enterprise platform %X Artificial Intelligence (AI) innovation becomes useful today when it enriches decision-making that is enhanced by applications of big data (BD), advanced analytics (AA), and some element of human interaction using digital platforms. This research aims to investigate the potential combination of AI, BD and AA for digital business platforms. In doing so, it develops a multi-dimensional AI-driven platform innovation framework with AI/BD/AA innovation value chain and related levels of AI maturity improvement. The framework can be used with a focus on the data-driven human-machine relationship and the application of AI at different levels of an AI-driven digital platform technology stack. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 4-15 %8 10/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1392 %N 10 %1 St. Petersburg State University Sergey Yablonsky, PhD in computer science, is an Associate Professor at Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University in St. Petersburg, Russia. Author of more than 200 publications. Co-creator of the Russian WordNet and the Russicon language processor and linguistic resources licensed by Adobe Systems Incorporated, Phoenix Int. (USA), Franklin Electronic Publishers (USA) etc. Engaged in 35 national and international research projects in Russia, and across Europe. Research interests include Digital Economy, Digital Business and Entrepreneurship; Multisided Platforms and Markets; Artificial Intelligence, Digital marketing; Big Data Governance; Computer linguistics and text mining; Semantic and Social Web. Courses taught: Data Governance (Bachelor Program); Digital Marketing & Digital Commerce (Bachelor programs); Digital Business (Master program); Smart Business Transformation in the Digital Age (CEMS Block Seminar); Multi-Sided Platforms and Innovation in a Global Era (CEMS Block Seminar); Digital Economy (EMBA). Visiting professor at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business) in Austria, Stockholm Business School, Stockholm university in Sweden, Aalto University in Finland, Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, Hame University of Applied Sciences in Finland. %& 4 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1392 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Approaching a Data-Dominant Logic %A Petra Kugler %K Data science %K data-dominant logic %K dominant logic %K empirical study %K organizational and managerial requirements %K SMEs %X This paper introduces the construct of "data-dominant logic". The findings of a multi-step exploratory study indicate that SME have an established mindset (dominant logic) that often hinders these firms from turning data in innovative products, services, and business models. The availability of large amounts of data and the use of this data through data science-driven practices has reached a stage when it now enables new and promising possibilities for firms to innovate. However, the actual use of data and data science insights has proven to be difficult for many companies. The firms under consideration in this paper recognize that the availability of data fundamentally changes their businesses. But also, they lack the appropriate culture, mindset, and business repertoire that would enable them to act by turning data into innovation. The paper concludes that firms first need to establish a new mindset in which data plays a central role. Here I term this mindset "data-dominant logic" (DDL). Future research is required to further concretize the construct beyond this introduction. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 16-28 %8 10/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1393 %N 10 %1 Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences Petra Kugler is a Professor of Strategy and Management at OST ― Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland. Her research focuses on the intersection of innovation, strategy and management, and how firms can generate and protect sustainable competitive advantages in turbulent times. She is especially interested in strategic innovation, management innovation, technology, and the contradictory nature of innovation and coordination in organizations. She obtained her PhD from the University of St. Gallen (HSG), has also worked in advertising, and has gained international academic experience through various scholarships, among others a Swiss National Science Foundation Grant for a research year at the University of California, Berkeley. %& 16 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1393 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Blockchain-enabled Clinical Study Consent Management %A Hans H. Jung %A Franz M.J. Pfister %K AI Ethics. %K blockchain %K Clinical Study %K Health Artificial Intelligence (AI) %K Platform Business Model %K Written Informed Consent %X Written informed consent (WIC) is required in the context of voluntary participation in a clinical trial. The trial participant gives WIC in accordance with various regulatory requirements. We present a framework concept for a blockchain-based distributed ledger solution, which aims at implementing simple and secure management of WIC documentation, along the entire data value chain from acquiring consent to academic publication, and (commercially) exploiting the results of a clinical study. This may include (but is not limited to) clinical deployment, security monitoring, and conformity with data privacy and ethical standards. Thus, we present a potential “Health AI” application that goes beyond WIC documentation, to enabling the creation of a holistic data provenance trail graph. Such a framework concept aims to create sustainable value for study participants, clinicians, data scientists, and ultimately consumers. The framework’s usefulness is relevant for ensuring the ethical development of artificial intelligence applications in the healthcare domain. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 14-24 %8 02/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1325 %N 2 %1 Munich Business School Hans H. Jung is teaching on international marketing, digital business models and digital transformation courses as a professor at the Munich Business School. As principal, he heads the digital customer experience community at UNITY AG, a leading Management Consulting & Innovation Company. His more than 100 clients include companies from agriculture, automotive, energy, consumer goods, mobility, pharmaceutical and process industries, sports, among others. %2 Independent Franz MJ Pfister is an entrepreneur, medical doctor, and data scientist and is recognized as a leading expert at the intersection of artificial intelligence, data, digitization, and healthcare. His academic career includes medical studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Harvard Medical School with a medical doctorate in neuroscience. He holds an MBA from Munich Business School and earned a Master's degree in Data Science at the LMU Munich. Franz Pfister is currently leading multiple initiatives and is building up companies in the field of Health AI, developing next-generation diagnostic solutions to improve patient care and enable personalized medicine. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1325 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Call for Papers: Aligning multiple stakeholder value propositions: the challenge of new companies committed to scale early and rapidly %A Tony Bailetti %A Christian Keen %A Stoyan Tanev %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 80-82 %8 04/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1349 %N 4 %& 80 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1349 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Call for Papers: Digital Innovations in the Bioeconomy %A Iivari Kunttu %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 1 %8 09/2020 %G eng %N 1 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr. Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), and a PhD in Economics (Management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. From 2012 to 2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in the Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D Process Development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and Project Manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %& 1 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Citizen Perceptions of Government’s Resistance to Shared Parking %A Mika Westerlund %K government %K innovation resistance %K parking %K Sharing economy services %K topic modelling %X Sharing economy services is one of the fastest growing segments in today’s economy, especially in urban centres. However, some cities have taken a negative stance and sought to prohibit sharing economy services, which has raised tensions between citizens and the local government. This paper adopts a case study approach to investigate what the main topics are in citizen perceptions of their government's resistance to shared parking in Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, where shared parking is considered illegal. In so doing, the study applies topic modelling on readers' comments following news about local residents being threatened with legal action by the city for providing shared parking services to government employees suffering from insufficient office parking resources. Based on six identified topics, the study establishes a conceptual framework that contributes to the literature on sharing economies by illustrating how citizens perceive their government's resistance toward sharing economies. The paper considers whether sharing economy services could be an innovation that would benefit societies, and how understanding citizen perceptions through online comments can help a government to solve policy issues and create win-win resolutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 28-40 %8 05/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1354 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %& 28 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1354 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Company Offers to Meet the Needs of Business-to-Business Customers: Customer Strategy and Orientation %A Mikko Mäntyneva %K B2B %K customer orientation %K customer strategy %K Market offer %K research and development %K value proposition %X University College Absalon Eva Pallesen is Docent (Senior Associate Professor), PhD in Center of Management and Experience Design at University College Absalon, Denmark. Her research focuses on welfare innovation, management and entrepreneurship in the public sector. She has published in international journals such as Organization Studiesand Methodological Innovations. Before entering academia, she worked as Head of Methodology Department in the Danish Evaluation Institute and as Head of Section in the Danish Ministry of Education.

%2

University College Absalon Marie Aakjær is Associate Professor, PhD in Center of Management and Experience Design at University College Absalon, Denmark. Marie has a background in design and her research areas cover social innovation, learning and co-creation with particular interest in the interaction among citizens, civil society and public sector organizations. She has published in international journals such as International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, and Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management.

%& 19 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1353 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Multi-Actor Network Perspective: CaliBaja an emergent binational innovation ecosystem %A Sylvia Mónica Pérez-Núñez %A Arturo Serrano-Santoyo %K innovation ecosystems %K Networks Analysis %K regional development %X To contribute to the field of management of technology and innovation, this paper focuses on a multi-actor network perspective to map stakeholders and identifies key actors in CaliBaja’s binational innovation ecosystem. This region has a unique territorial extension and population dynamics. It is a land of opportunity for global businesses, houses world-class colleges, universities and applied research institutes, and has been recently acknowledged as a global innovative mega-region. We apply social network analysis to this region as an innovative and valuable methodology to identify significant local contributors, defined as according to key elements and success factors that promote and establish communication and interaction among the network stakeholders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-15 %8 01/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1320 %N 1 %1 CETYS Universidad Dr. Sylvia Mónica Pérez-Núñez, holds a PhD in Global Development Studies from the Faculty of Economics and International Relations of the Autonomous University of Baja California, México in 2016. She has conducted research stays in 2012 in Costa Rica at the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture in the Area of Biotechnology and Biosafety and in 2015 at the Institute of Philosophy, Department of Science, Technology and Society of the Higher Council for Scientific Research with headquarters in Madrid. She currently collaborates as a full-time professor at the School of Business Administration at CETYS Universidad, Tijuana campus, where she teaches the subjects of Introduction to International Business, Geography of International Business and Human Being and Sustainability. In addition, she is a member of the Research Institute in Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Social Change at the same university %2 CICESE Dr. Arturo Serrano Santoyo, holds a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City in 1980. In 1981, he received the ALCATEL Annual Telecommunications Award and in 1986 was honored with the ERICSSON Telecommunications Award. He has been a consultant for the Organization of American States and the United Nations as well as for many private companies and governmental agencies in the areas of Innovation, Development and Digital Transformation. Dr. Serrano is member of the Mexican Academy of Engineering and author of the books Telecommunications in Latin America, The Digital Divide: Myths and Realities, and Digitalization and Global Convergence. He is currently a researcher at the Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) and professor at CETYS Universidad and the Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1320 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Open Marketing: Conceptualizing external parties’ strategic marketing activities %A Christina Öberg %K Conceptualization %K Integrative marketing %K Open marketing %K roles %K Strategic marketing. %X Open marketing as conceptualized in this paper refers to how external parties take part in strategic, integrative marketing activities. To distinguish this more recent trend in marketing from traditional meanings of marketing, the paper provides a typology on roles and role keepers in marketing. Four types of roles and role keepers are outlined: marketing as 1) solely being performed by actors in the supplier company communicating offerings, 2) an activity shared among functions of the supplier company, 3) external parties communicating offerings, and 4) external parties contributing to strategic marketing. Using the concept of 'roles' in marketing helps to structure activities and actors - or roles and role keepers - and provides a basis for understanding that marketing results from what is done, not merely from who performs it. The paper underlines how new ways of conducting business also have implications for a company's marketing beyond its borders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 14-26 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1377 %N 8 %1 Örebro University School of Business Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University, Visiting Professor at Leeds University and associated with the Ratio Institute, Stockholm. She received her Ph.D. in industrial marketing from Linköping University. Her research interests include mergers and acquisitions, brands and identities, customer relationships, and innovation management. She has previously published in such journals as Journal of Business Research, European Journal of Marketing, International Marketing Review, and Industrial Marketing Management. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1377 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Organizing the Development of Digital Product-Service Platforms %A Johan Simonsson %A Mats Magnusson %A Anders Johanson %K business model innovation %K corporate entrepreneurship %K digital platforms %K servitization %X Servitization is today a common theme among manufacturing companies, with the goal of better addressing the needs of their customers. Digitalization is one key enabler of servitization. One aspect of this concept can be provided through digital product-service platforms, which may facilitate the enrichment of a market offer, as well as keeping costs under control. Platforms are in general a well-established concept for manufacturing companies, as enablers of rich product offerings based on a few components. Less is known, however, about how the ambition to create digital product-service platforms interplays with the business model innovation needed as a result of the servitization efforts, along with processes and organization. This paper identifies a number of challenges that manufacturing companies may face when undertaking platform development for services, based on an empirical study made in the Swedish company Husqvarna Group. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 37-48 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1335 %N 3 %1 KTH Royal Institute of Technology Johan Simonsson is a Ph.D. Student at the Department of Machine Design, in the School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He is also Director of Ideation and Research, AI-labs, within Husqvarna Group. He has previously held various management positions related to global product management, service development, and digital transformation in several global industrial firms. %2 KTH Royal Institute of Technology Mats Magnusson is Professor of Product Innovation Engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and Permanent Visiting Professor at LUISS School of Business and Management in Rome. He holds a PhD in Innovation Engineering and Management, and an MSc in Industrial Engineering and Management from Chalmers University of Technology, as well as a BA in Japanese from the University of Gothenburg. He has previously been Director of the Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology in Sweden, and Visiting Professor at LUISS Guido Carli University, the University of Bologna, and Aalborg University. He is the elected chairman of the Continuous Innovation Network and the vice chairman of the Swedish Association for Innovation Management Professionals. His research, teaching, and consultancy activities cover a wide range of topics in the fields of innovation management, product development, R&D management, and strategic management, and he has published articles on these topics in, for example, Research Policy, Journal of Product Innovation Management, R&D Management, Organization Studies, and Long Range Planning. %3 Husqvarna Group Anders Johanson is Senior Vice President, Innovation and Technology and CTO of Husqvarna Group, where he leads digital transformation, technology, and IP intelligence, as well as strategy in exploratory robotics, accelerated innovation, and venturing. He is a member of the advisory board of Combient, and is on the Board of Directors at Etac Group. He also holds a position as Adjunct Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH. Anders currently supervises two Industrial PhD students and lectures in Innovation, transformation and product development. He has a background as Partner and Global Practice leader in Technology and Innovation Management at Arthur D. Little. Prior to that, he held various leadership roles in global assembled goods companies. %& 37 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1335 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Is Porter's Five Forces Framework Still Relevant? A study of the capital/labour intensity continuum via mining and IT industries %A Diane Isabelle %A Kevin Horak %A Sarah McKinnon %A Chiara Palumbo %K internationalization %K IT industry %K mining industry %K Porter's Five Forces framework %K regulation %X Porter's Five Forces (P5F) framework, published in 1979, helps us to understand the attractiveness of an industry. The five competitive forces are: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products of services, and the rivalry among existing competitors. This framework has recently come under scrutiny and been called into question. To contribute to the debate, this paper investigates the relevance of Porter's framework by contrasting vastly different industries. The use cases consist of a resource-based, capital-intensive industry, the mining industry, and a knowledge-based, labor-intensive industry, the information technology industry. Drawing from research on Porter's Five Forces framework, and through an internationalization lens, the paper proposes a modified framework augmented with four additional forces. These additional forces are: the competitor's level of innovativeness, exposure to globalization, threat of digitalization, and industry exposure to de/regulation activities. These forces were added to capture the increased interconnectivity and complexity of businesses operating in the 21st century. The paper contributes to this body of knowledge by augmenting a popular framework and applying it to vital industrial sectors. The findings aim to incite researchers, managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers to go beyond the traditional five forces as a way to help monitor their business environment and enhance decision-making processes, particularly in a post-COVID-19 world. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 28-41 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1366 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Dr. Isabelle is an Associate Professor of International Business. Her research focuses broadly on the areas of science, innovation and techno-entrepreneurship within a global context. Specifically, her research is organized around the following three inter-related themes: 1) International entrepreneurship & ecosystems, 2) Internationalization (International New Ventures and SMEs), 3) Global collaborative research and Science, Technology and Innovation policy. In addition to these themes, she is researching and publishing on Technology-integrated and international interdisciplinary experiential learning in higher education. Prior to joining Sprott in 2011, Dr. Isabelle worked in several senior executive roles related to science, technology and industrial research (Industrial Research Assistance Program - IRAP) at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Government of Canada’s premier research and technology organization. She started her career as a project engineer for several multinational firms, including General Electric, Esso and Boeing Aerospace. %2 Carleton University Graduate Kevin Horak, B. International Business, Carleton University, is a supply chain planner at Martin-Brower of Canada Co. Fluent in Spanish, he spent a year abroad studying commerce and economics at the Universidad de Chile (Santiago). %3 Carleton University Graduate Sarah McKinnon, B. International Business, Carleton University, is an Associate with Tailwind Associates, a Calgary-based firm dedicated to launching innovative entrepreneurs. She is inspired by the work ethic and tenacity of the entrepreneurial spirit and supports preparing small businesses for growth and investment. Previously, she worked at Sampford Advisors, a firm facilitating mergers and acquisitions for mid-market Canadian technology companies. %4 Carleton University Graduate Chiara Palumbo is currently pursuing a Master of Science in Finance degree from Bocconi University, while working as Real Estate Investment Analyst for Italian company Generali Real Estate. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Finance) degree from Carleton University. Her past work experience includes investment banking at Lazard & Co. in Debt Capital Markets and equity research for the Sprott Student Investment Fund. %& 28 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1366 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Project Portfolio Management in the Front-End of Innovation of Research Centers: a Literature Review %A Rui Nuno Castro %A João José Pinto Ferreira %K front-end %K ideation %K innovation %K not-for-profit %K Project Portfolio Management %K research center %X The beginning of an innovation process, also known as “front-end of innovation” (FEI), counts as an essential contributor to the successful development of new products and for their market appeal. Nevertheless, while helpful procedures and techniques for developing new products are well-known and widely applied, FEI is still an understudied area, and models for managing it are not yet commonly used in technology-oriented companies. FEI, also known as "fuzzy front end", can even be "fuzzier" in not-for-profit research centers. That is because the focus of these centers is advancing of scientific knowledge, rather than commercializing the results of those activities. This study summarizes the insights from a literature review on the topic of “project portfolio management” (PPM) in relation to innovation and, more specifically, with FEI and its components of ideation, innovation management, innovation strategy, foresight, and incremental or radical innovation. The authors selected and reviewed content from 170 papers published in SCOPUS prior to February 2019. The discussion uses a theoretical framework called "Front-End of Innovation Integrative Ontology (FEI2O)" to assist in framing the discussion. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 46-59 %8 12/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1409 %N 12 %1 Fraunhofer Portugal Rui Nuno Castro holds a degree in Electrical and Computers Engineering from the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) since 1996, and a M.Sc. in Digital Communication Systems and Technology from Chalmers University of Technology, in Sweden, in 1999. In 1998-1999 he was a researcher at Ericsson Radio Systems AB in Sweden, where he developed his Master Thesis named “Dynamic Resource Management for Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks”. Between 2000 and 2004, as a researcher at INESC Porto, he actively participated in several projects in the IST framework. Between 2005 and 2010, he was co-founder and Chief Operations Officer at Nonius Software, a Portuguese SME. In 2010, he joined Fraunhofer Portugal as a researcher. He is, since October 2011, R&D Group Leader at Fraunhofer Portugal. His current research interests are in the field of Innovation and Technology Management. %2 University of Porto João José Pinto Ferreira holds a Licenciatura in Electrical Engineering and Computers at Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) in 1987; MSc Electrical Engineering and Computers at FEUP in 1991; Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computers at FEUP in 1995; Habilitation in Industrial Engineering and Management in April 2011. He has held several positions at the FEUP: 1987-1995: Assistant Lecturer; 1995-2003: Assistant Professor; 2003-today: Associate Professor. At FEUP (1997-2000) also he was Member of the Executive Board of the Electrical Engineering Department and is, since 2004, the Director of the Master Program of Innovation and Technological Entrepreneurship. Has supervised MSc and Ph.D. students in the areas of Electrical Engineering and Computers, Informatics Engineering and Industrial Engineering and Management. He is Co-Editor-in-Chief and co-founder of the Journal of Innovation Management (http://open-jim.org). His research focuses on the Front-End of Innovation and on its synergies with the early stages of the entrepreneurial activity. %& 47 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1409 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Rapid Learning and Knowledge-Gap Closure During the Conceptual Design Phase – Rapid R&D %A Charles J. Camarda %A Stephen J. Scotti %A Iivari Kunttu %A Antti Perttula %K knowledge gaps %K R&D %K Rapid product development %K set-based design %X New product development strategies, such as set-based concurrent engineering design (SBCED) or set-based design (SBD), have demonstrated improved ways to address knowledge gaps in alternate design concepts prior to the decision to select a single concept for development. Most of the corpus in this field addresses engineering product development that relies on systems and subsystems with years of prior experience in testing, development, and operation. These often have known or existing solutions, and use state-of-the-art (SOA), or near SOA technology. In addition, most papers do not dive into the details of how knowledge was attained to rapidly close critical knowledge gaps. This paper attempts to explain how a research-based method to construct knowledge can accelerate the knowledge capture critical for developing solutions to extremely challenging problems. This rapid R&D methodology enables a rapid acquisition of critical knowledge to understand potential failure modes of concepts in a set-based way. Thus, it enables intelligent decisions for the selection of the final concept as well as the continuous maturation of parallel concepts. The continuous, parallel maturation of multiple concepts enables effective off-ramps in the design process as requirements and new knowledge arise in the course of the development program, without incurring excessive rework, cost growth, and schedule creep. The goal of this paper is to describe a method that accelerates the generation of critical knowledge early in the conceptual design phase, as a way to close knowledge gaps quickly, and thus enable intelligent design decisions and concept selections early in the product development cycle. The methodological descriptions are illustrated with case examples from NASA technology development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-15 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1332 %N 3 %1 NASA Dr. Charles Camarda received his undergraduate degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1974. Upon graduation, he began work at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC), received his M.S. from GW in Mechanical Engineering in 1980 and a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from VPI in 1990. He was Head of the Thermal Structures Branch at LaRC and led the structures and materials efforts of two programs: The National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) and the Single-Stage-to Orbit Program. He was selected to be an Astronaut in 1996 and flew on the return-to-flight mission of Space Shuttle following the Columbia Accident, STS-114, in 2005. He was selected Director of Engineering at JSC in December 2005 and was the Sr. Advisor for Innovation and Engineering Development at NASA’s Langley Research Center. He is currently the Founder and CEO of the Epic Education Foundation, a 501 (c)3 nonprofit seeking to transform education and plug the leaky science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) pipeline. %2 NASA Dr. Stephen Scotti is a Distinguished Research Associate in the Research Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center. He joined NASA in 1986 and has held positions as a Senior Technologist, as Chief Engineer for Structures and Materials in the Research Directorate, as well as serving as a researcher, as the manager of research branches, as an engineering office chief, and as a program chief engineer. Dr. Scotti made numerous contributions to various NASA programs, and led several advanced design studies - receiving a NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal for the Orion spacecraft Alternate Launch Abort System study. Dr. Scotti was also a contributor to the Columbia Accident Investigation in the area of thermal-structural failure modes, and he played a significant role in developing concepts for on-orbit repair of the Space Shuttle leading edge. Dr. Scotti's research specialties include multidisciplinary design, probabilistic design, thermal-structures, heat transfer and structural mechanics which he primarily applied to the study of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft, and to space access vehicles. He earned a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the George Washington University in 1995. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Dr Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), and a PhD in Economics (Management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. From 2012 to 2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in the Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D Process Development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and Project Manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %4 Tampere University of Applied Sciences Dr. Antti Perttula is since 2014 a Principal Lecturer of Systems Engineering and Head of Aircraft Engineering Education at the Tampere University of Applied Sciences. Before academia Perttula held several senior management positions in R&D organization in industry and in military and civil aviation. His main duties included quality and technology management, process development and supplier partnership. Currently, Perttula’s research interest areas cover rapid product development and drone technology including autonomous flying. He has worked in several countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1332 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Rapid Product Development in University-Industry Collaboration: Case Study of a Smart Design Project %A Jari Jussila %A Jukka Raitanen %A Atte Partanen %A Vesa Tuomela %A Ville Siipola %A Irma Kunnari %K co-creation %K Co-creation pedagogy %K design thinking %K Rapid product development %K University-Industry Collaboration %X University-industry collaboration aims at mutually beneficial knowledge and technology exchange between higher education and business. Prototyping new products is one sweet spot where industry can gain new valuable knowledge and understanding of technology, while higher education institutions develop the skills and competences of students by encouraging them to work on authentic real-life problems. From the “design thinking” perspective, rapid product development can be defined as the creation of new products, in the shortest timescales possible, that meet the criteria of desirability, feasibility, and viability. This article addresses rapid product development by presenting a case study of developing prototypes in university-industry collaboration. As a result, the study highlights key design principles, such as the importance of involving teachers, business representatives, and students in collaborative project design, of focusing on the customers or service users who will benefit from the design, and of guiding students participating in co-creation activities. Presenting conclusions for both academics and the industry, the article contributes to design thinking and rapid product development in university-industry collaboration. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 49-59 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1336 %N 3 %1 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jari Jussila, DSc, is the director of the HAMK Design Factory and the Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on knowledge management, co-creation, social media and health informatics. %2 Häme University of Applied Sciences Jukka Raitanen, BBA, community manager of HAMK Design Factory, is also a business designer. Jukka has been developing interdisciplinary initiatives for students in Amazing Business Train, FRUSH and Freezing Week. As community manager, Raitanen has the role of embedding business in different disciplines at Häme University of Applied Sciences. Vesa Tuomela, MSc, MBA, is a senior lecturer at Häme University of Applied Sciences and teacher of business design. Vesa has been designing flipped learning experiences, including cSchool, Amazing Business Train, Freezing Week and Startup Business School. %3 Häme University of Applied Sciences Atte Partanen holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical and automation engineering from Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK, 2017). He works as a project engineer in many projects focused on the Internet of Things, data management and information systems at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on information and data management systems. His work on information systems and smart cities has been published in journals. %4 Häme University of Applied Sciences Vesa Tuomela, MSc, MBA, is a senior lecturer at Häme University of Applied Sciences and teacher of business design. Vesa has been designing flipped learning experiences, including cSchool, Amazing Business Train, Freezing Week and Startup Business School. %# Häme University of Applied Sciences Ville Siipola is a Lecturer at HAMK and a footwear designer with passion for digital design, manufacturing methods and product development. He specializes in innovation through multidisciplinary teamwork and Design Thinking. %$ Häme University of Applied Sciences Irma Kunnari has a PhD in Education, is a principal lecturer, teacher educator, pedagogical developer and researcher at HAMK’s Edu research unit. Irma Kunnari has developed student-centered and innovative competence-based higher education in many national and international contexts and has researched teacher learning and educational change. %& 49 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1336 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T The Role of Academics, Users, and Customers in Industrial Product Development %A Leena Kunttu %A Yrjö Neuvo %K commercialization %K customer involvement %K stakeholder involvement %K University-Industry Collaboration %K user involvement %X Industrial research and development (R&D) is often adopted as a leading strategy for innovation in high-technology firms. It has been recognized that collaboration with external actors has become increasingly crucial for R&D practices in a world where product and service innovation are increasingly challenging for companies involved in knowledge-intensive technology areas. Thus, high-technology firms are increasingly engaging in collaborative relationships with external stakeholders to transfer valuable new knowledge for industrial purposes, or to create new knowledge through a joint learning process. These external stakeholders may include research institutes such as universities, customer firms, or end users of the firm's products or services. Academic involvement in industrial innovation projects has traditionally focussed on the early stages of a product's development process, when new ideas and innovations are being developed. On the other hand, the interaction between a firm and its customers takes place during the final stages of the R&D process, when innovations are brought to market. In this paper, we explore how users and customers can be involved in university-industry collaboration projects from the beginning of the product development process. Based on a case study comprising five long-term university-industry collaborations in Finland, this paper presents collaborative practices through which academic actors, users, and industrial customers may actively take part in the industrial innovation processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 60-69 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1337 %N 3 %1 University of Vaasa Leena Kunttu holds a PhD degree in Information Technology (signal processing) from the Tampere University of Technology, Finland (2006), a PhD degree in Economics (innovation management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2019), and Master of Arts degree in Education from the University of Tampere (2020). Between 2007 and 2012, she served as Senior Manager in an area of innovation at the Nokia Corporation. During her career in Nokia, she led a number of collaborative projects between the company and external research institutes, such as universities. She also led and participated in joint educational activities between Nokia and universities. Since 2015, Dr. Kunttu has served as a postdoc researcher in an area of innovation at the University of Vaasa. Her current research interests include university-industry collaboration, educational involvement and the commercialization of university technologies. %2 Aalto University Yrjö Neuvo received his Ph. D, degree from Cornell University in 1974. He had a 19-year academic career as professor of Signal Processing at Tampere University of Technology, as National Research Professor at the Academy of Finland and as a visiting professor at University of California, Santa Barbara. He was Chief Technology Officer and member of the Group Executive Board at Nokia Corporation from 1993 to 2005. His responsibilities included managing R&D activities for mobile phones. After retiring from Nokia he started his third career as Professor and Research Director at Aalto University, Finland. At Aalto, Yrjö has developed university wide programs for doctoral education fostering cross-disciplinary learning and industry-academia interplay. He has been Chairman of ARTEMIS JTI Governing Board 2007 – 2008 and member of the Executive Committee of European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) 2008 - 2012. He was General Chairman of the 1988 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems and of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2001). He is Life Fellow of IEEE, Member of Academia Europaea, the Swedish Academy of Technical Sciences, two Finnish Academies and holds four honorary doctorates. Asteroid 1938 DN carries his name Neuvo. %& 60 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1337 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T The Role of Analytics in Data-Driven Business Models of Multi-Sided Platforms: An exploration in the food industry %A Diane Isabelle %A Mika Westerlund %A Mohnish Mane %A Seppo Leminen %X The collection and use of data play an increasingly important role in the growth and success of today’s digital multi-sided platforms (MSPs). However, many aspiring MSPs lack effective strategies for using data to establish a profitable data-driven business model (DDBM). This study explores how MSPs in the food industry can utilize data to develop such a DDBM. Based on an analysis of seven illustrative cases of high-growth MSPs, namely food delivery and meal kit providers, the study identifies eight factors that reveal the role of analytics in those firms’ DDBM, and further classifies them into three DDBM boosters. The findings contribute to our extant knowledge on MSPs and DDBM by addressing how digital platforms in the food industry can leverage big data to optimize their current business processes, predict future value of their product and service offerings, and develop their partnerships. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-16 %8 07/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1371 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Diane Isabelle is an Associate Professor of International Business. Her research focuses broadly on the areas of science, innovation and techno-entrepreneurship within a global context. Specifically, her research is organized around the following three inter-related themes: 1) International entrepreneurship & ecosystems, 2) Internationalization (International New Ventures and SMEs), 3) Global collaborative research and Science, Technology and Innovation policy. In addition to these themes, she is researching and publishing on Technology-integrated and international interdisciplinary experiential learning in higher education. Prior to joining Sprott in 2011, Dr. Isabelle worked in several senior executive roles related to science, technology and industrial research (Industrial Research Assistance Program - IRAP) at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the Government of Canada’s premier research and technology organization. She started her career as a project engineer for several multinational firms, including General Electric, Esso and Boeing Aerospace. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 NTT Data Mohnish Mane, MEng, is a Senior Business Analyst at NTT Data Canada. Previously, he held a similar position at Tata Consultancy services. Mohnish earned his Master’s degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University, focussing on data driven business models. He is a solutions-driven business analyst with diverse experience in Power, Healthcare and Oil and Gas industries where he has lead cross functional teams in the development, documentation and delivery of complex IT projects. In his free time, he is involved in conducting various cooperate social responsibility events and volunteering opportunities. %4 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is a Full Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1371 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Seeking 'Strategy' in Business Intelligence Literature: Theorizing BI as part of strategy research %A Yassine Talaoui %A Marko Kohtamäki %A Risto Rajala %K Business intelligence (BI) %K Conceptualization %K definition. %K literature review %K strategy as practice %K strategy content %K strategy process %K strategy realms %X This paper connects the business intelligence (BI) literature with research in strategic management by plotting the existing research strands on BI: environmental scanning, competitive intelligence, executive information systems, and business intelligence, against the strategic dimensions of a) orientation (External vs. Internal), b) focus (Content vs. Process), and c) practice realms. The article accordingly offers a new re-conceptualization of BI as a strategic artifact across four strategic clusters: BI as a system, BI as a planned process, BI as a product, and BI as a decisional paradigm. This conceptual article contributes to the literature by integrating disparate views on BI and placing them within the content, process, and practice streams of strategy research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P ?? %8 09/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1387 %N 9 %1 University of Vaasa Yassine Talaoui is a researcher at the School of Management at the University of Vaasa, where he teaches business models and strategy work. His research interests focus on strategy work, practice theory, BI analytics, materiality, and sociomateriality. %2 University of Vaasa Marko Kohtamäki is a Professor of Strategy, director of the "Strategic Business Development" (SBD) research group at the University of Vaasa, and visiting professor at the University of South-Eastern Norway, as well as the Luleå University of Technology. Prof. Kohtamäki takes special interest in digital servitization, organizational change, strategic practices, and business intelligence. %3 Aalto University Risto Rajala is an Associate Professor of Service Engineering and Management at Aalto University, School of Science. His research focuses on the digitalization of operations and services, the transformation of technology-based business, and the management of complex product-service systems. %& ?? %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1387 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Selling Data-Based Value in Business-to-Business Markets %A Tuija Rantala %A Tiina Apilo %A Katariina Palomäki %A Katri Valkokari %K B2B sales %K big data %K business-to-business sales %K data-based value %K digital solutions %K value sales %X The purpose of this paper is to study what aspects a sales function needs to consider when selling new data-based value in business-to-business (B2B) markets. The paper combines literature on the business-to-business sales process with data-based value. The study includes altogether 29 qualitative interviews from eight companies, representing seller companies at different stages in big data utilization. In addition, the study includes customer perspectives with six interviews from four customer companies. As a result, selling new data-based value is studied from several perspectives. First, we evaluate the impacts of the generated new data-based value from the seller and the market perspective. Secondly, we study what sales representatives need to understand, both from the customer’s perspective, and in relation to data and digital solutions during the sales process. Thirdly, on the customer side, we explore the roles of “digitalist” and old-school buyers, and their effect on the sales process. Our research findings highlight the crucial understanding of customer business and knowledge about real-time data management, digital twins, and artificial intelligence (AI) when selling data-based solutions that create real-time data, recommendations, and value for a customer’s business. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 45-53 %8 01/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1313 %N 1 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Tuija Rantala, M.Sc. (Tech.) works as Senior Scientist at the VTT Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. For several years, she has managed and worked in innovation and risk management projects with the B2B industry. She has applied and developed qualitative risk and opportunity management methods for different contexts. Her main research interests are related to new business creation, innovation management, open innovation, and risk management. Lately, she has studied the Internet of Things (IoT), social media, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), and intellectual property (IP) as enablers for new business and challenges they will pose to B2B companies. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Dr. Tiina Apilo is a Senior Scientist at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She joined VTT in 1994 where she has gained broad experience on corporate renewal and service business acceleration. She obtained her doctoral degree from the Lappeenranta University of Technology in 2010. The title of her dissertation was "A model for corporate renewal: requirements for innovation management". Her recent research interests have focused on AI as a booster of service business, innovation ecosystems, and future ecosystemic business. %3 VTT Research Centre of Finland Katariina Palomäki has a M.Sc. (Tech.) degree in Industrial Management and Engineering and a BA (Hons) degree in Business and Management. She has worked as a research scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland since 2010. Katariina has worked in both commercial and research projects in national and international contexts. In the area of business development and research, the key topics she has dealt with during the last few years include business model development, service business development, management of business networks, and the perspectives of sustainability and circular business. %4 VTT Research Centre of Finland Katri Valkokari is a Research Manager working in the business, innovation, and foresight research area at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has over 15 years of experience in both research and practical development work on business networks, ecosystems, and networked business operations. She has, for example, held the post of programme manager in the large FIMECC (GP4V) and DIMECC (REBUS) research programmes, and worked for many industrial companies, large and small. Katri has published several articles, managerial guidebooks and other publications related to collaboration models, innovation, and knowledge management as well as sustainability. When it comes to ecosystems and networks, Valkokari believes versatility is the key to creating true impact. When networks are formed openly, they can be a powerful tool for solving many of society’s problems. %& 45 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1313 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Social Acceptance of Wind Energy in Urban Landscapes %A Mika Westerlund %K city %K clean energy %K Social acceptance %K sustainability %K wind energy %X Although wind energy has high potential as a sustainable energy source to fight climate change, and the post COVID-19 world may require accelerated transition to renewable energy systems, many wind energy projects nevertheless face community resistance. Research on social acceptance of wind energy has increased rapidly, but understanding still lacks regarding the different types of acceptance, whether or not the acceptance correlates with demographics, and what drives acceptance of wind farms in the urban landscape. Our analysis of 2,376 residents in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, focused on the gaps in understanding and identified three groups of people: Protagonists, Centrists, and Antagonists. While Protagonists are highly positive about wind energy projects in the city, Antagonists oppose them, and Centrists adopt a middle-of-the-road approach. Further, three factors matter for social acceptance in urban landscapes: 1) distance, as residents prefer offshore wind farms to be farther away from the city's inhabitants, 2) gender, as women are more accepting of wind energy compared with men, and outright opponents of wind energy are more likely men, and 3) participation, as residents wish to participate in decision-making processes regarding wind farms, but lack interest in having ownership of and responsibility for wind energy projects. The study discusses the implications of these findings for developers and policymakers of wind energy projects in the urban context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %8 09/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1389 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1389 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Sustainability-related Communication Patterns on the Websites of European Top R&D Spenders %A Giacomo Liotta %A Stoyan Tanev %A Andrea Gorra %A Alicja Izabela Pospieszala %K business decision-making %K online communication %K online data collection %K principal component analysis %K R&D %K research and development %K sustainability %K sustainable innovation %X Many firms struggle to incorporate "sustainability" into their operations in a way that can capture economic value and deliver social and environmental benefits. This article aims to answer two questions in this regard: (i) How do companies articulate the sustainability aspects of their businesses online, and (ii) In what ways does the degree of articulation of specific sustainability aspects relate to company performance metrics, such as sales and R&D expenditure. The research method measures the occurrences of a set of sustainability-related keywords on the websites of a sample of 387 firms that were ranked as top R&D spenders in Europe for 2013. We processed the keyword occurrences in a simplified version of latent semantic analysis based on the application of principal component analysis to identify the specific combinations of words used by companies to communicate sustainability issues on their websites. The results show that "sustainable innovation" and "sustainable operations" based on partnerships and cooperation represent a dominant part of companies' online communication strategies. One of the findings suggests a strong relationship between the communication of sustainable innovation aspects and sales, which offers a promising message to companies looking for evidence about the potential impact of their commitment to sustainable operations and innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 43-54 %8 10/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1395 %N 10 %1 Aalborg University Giacomo Liotta was an Associate Professor in the Center for Industrial Production at Aalborg University in Copenhagen, Denmark. Before that he was part of the Institute of Technology and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. His research interests focused on sustainability and innovation in supply-chain networks, including the simulation of networked logistics-production systems as well as product-lifecycle management. Dr. Liotta had a PhD in Economics and Management Engineering at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. He also held an MBA, MSc, and BSc degrees in Management and Industrial Engineering from this same university. His teaching activities focused on the design of global supply-chain networks and environmental issues. Dr. Liotta is the author of more than 20 papers published in international journals, books, and conference proceedings. He has been involved in national and European co-funded research and development projects. Giacomo passed away in December 2016, a few months after being diagnosed with cancer. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and scaling of technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences, and philosophy of religion. Dr. Tanev is the Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %3 Algonquin College and Carleton University Andrea Gorra PhD, MSc is a part-time Professor with the Business Management and Entrepreneurship Program at Algonquin College, Ottawa, Canada and an Educational Development Facilitator at Carleton University with a focus on work-integrated and experiential learning. Prior to this, she was part of Leeds Beckett University’s Business School (UK) where she taught and researched in the areas of Supply Chain, Operations, Project and Risk Management. Andrea’s current research interests are in the fields of student entrepreneurship and building equal opportunities for practice-based learning for all students, including those from underrepresented groups. She also has an interest in qualitative data analysis, topic modelling and the grounded theory methodology, and recently published a chapter in the SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory (2nd ed). %4 LEGO Group Alicja Pospieszala (Schroll Nielsen) has a Management and Manufacturing Engineering degree from the Technical University of Wroclaw in Poland with a focus on quality management systems in production. Alicja has also completed a Masters degree in Product Development and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark. She is currently working in the LEGO Group being responsible for activities related to problem solving and quality improvement in Mould Design. Before joining the LEGO group Alicja has worked for around 3 years at EWII Mobility A/S focusing on the quality management support of the production of 3-wheel electric vehicles. %& 43 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1395 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T A Systematic Analysis of how Practitioners Articulate Business Models across Disruptive Industries %A Alina Marie Herting %A Alexander Lennart Schmidt %K business model components %K business models %K content analysis %K disruptive innovation %K industries %K secondary data %X Ongoing debates surround the role of business models in understanding the dynamics related to disruptive innovation. Too little is still known about how practitioners highlight different characteristics of business models across industries confronted with disruptive dynamics. This shortcoming in current debates hampers a better understanding of the context-dependent phenomenon of "disruption", ultimately limiting the development of adequate business strategies for incumbents and entrepreneurs alike. Consequently, we generated a systematic database of communicated business models from 1,095 relevant press releases and company reports published between 1995 and 2019. The business models from the retrieved articles were assigned to their corresponding industry using the Global Industry Categorization Standard (GICS) to allow for diverse categorization. Subsequently, we performed a deductive coding procedure, building on accepted business model component classifications. Our study contributes insights about relevant business model components, drawing on practitioner experiences in the face of disruptive dynamics. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 29-42 %8 10/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1394 %N 10 %1 University of Münster Alina Marie Herting is a master student of Business Administration at the University of Münster (WWU Münster) with a study focus in Marketing and Management and a research associate at the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre (S2BMRC) at the Münster University of Applied Science with a focus on disruptive innovation and business model innovation. %2 Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre Alexander Lennart Schmidt is a research associate at the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre (S2BMRC), a lecturer for Marketing and Innovation management at the Münster School of Business at Münster University of Applied Sciences, and a PhD candidate in a cooperative PhD program at the Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam and Münster University of Applied Sciences. He is doing his PhD on the topic of innovation management while focusing on disruptive innovation and business model innovation. %& 29 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1394 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Technology Adaptation and Survival of SMEs: A Longitudinal Study of Developing Countries %A Supriyo Das %A Amit Kundu %A Arabinda Bhattacharya %K developing countries %K SME %K sustainability %K technological environment %K technology readiness %X In the current era of internationalizing business activities and globalizating markets, technology has become an essential tool for enhancing market competitiveness. With globalization, a country's economic and business scenarios can change drastically. Many companies have seized on opportunities to pursue, and sometimes achieve economies of scale. Especially in some countries, however, the technological revolution creates significant challenges for small business entrepreneurs. Technological development plays a pivotal role in making small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competitive, as well as leading to sustainable growth. Under such circumstances, it is relevant to consider a country's technological environment for ways that can lead SMEs towards sustainable development. In the present study, we explore the impact of volatility in technological environments on the sustainability of SMEs in developing countries with emerging economies. We use the Global Competitive Index Report for the period 2012-2016, in which six parameters were applied to define the technological environment of developing nations. Two factors, namely, institutional capabilities and external capabilities emerged as significant factors according to factor analysis. We also studied the impact of emerging factors in new technological environments on the sustainability of SMEs in the specific time period using a regression analysis. The results indicate that both institutional capabilities and external capabilities become significant when time is taken as a selection variable. The highly significance of the time variable indicates the dynamism of today's technological environments. As well, institutional capabilities were found to have a strong impact on a business' sustainability, in comparison with external capabilities and the high level of technological volatility. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 64-72 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1369 %N 6 %1 University of Calcutta Supriyo Das is Assistant Professor for Marketing at Asutosh College, India. He obtained his BTech from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, then a Masters in Business Management from the University of Calcutta, and is now pursuing a PhD from the same university. He is UGC Net qualified, with eight years of banking experience, including special exposure in rural banking and marketing. His primary research interests are in entrepreneurship development, financial innovation and social inclusion, where he publishes in journals, such as Journal of Global Entrepreneurship and in the edited volumes of the EDII’s conference proceedings. %2 University of Calcutta Amit Kundu is presently Professor and Dean in the School of Management, at Techno India Group. He obtained his BTech from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, MBA from the Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, and PhD from the Department of Business Management, University of Calcutta. He was previously a Business Development Executive of Consulting Engineering Services Private Limited (India) in New Delhi. He has extensive industrial and consulting experience in the areas of marketing strategy, project planning, and implementation. He has presented research papers at multiple conferences and events, both in India and abroad, with publications in peer reviewed journals. He received an outstanding research award at the Global Conference on Business and Finance from the Institute for Business and Finance Research in Las Vegas, USA. %3 University of Calcutta Arabinda Bhattacharya is a former Associate Professor of the Department of Business Management, University of Calcutta, where he taught for 40 years. He completed his MStat from the Indian Statistical Institute in 1974. He obtained a MPhil in Economics from the Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He also did an FDP in Management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. His research interests are in the area of organisational behaviour and market research. He has published research in national and international journals and has supervised numerous research scholars in their doctoral work. %& 64 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1369 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T A Triadic Actor View of Value Co-creation in Business Incubation %A Ronald Beckett %A John Dalrymple %K co-working %K incubators %K investors %K knowledge-sharing %K service ecosystems %K service entities %K service-dominant logic %K stakeholders %K triadic relationships. %K value co-creation %X In this paper we view an incubator as a service entity that may take different forms. We contribute to the literature by exploring the utility of the service-dominant logic (SDL) paradigm (Vargo & Lusch, 2016) to better understand incubation operations. Value co-creation is a central axiom of SDL, as is engagement with a supporting service ecosystem. Whilst some studies have considered dyadic incubator-client value creation arrangements, we extend this to include interaction with other service ecosystem stakeholders that we characterise as investors. This way a triadic interaction model is presented. We consider four different cases of a service entity supporting start-up development from this actor-oriented perspective. Adopting a client company perspective, we draw a parallel between various kinds of incubation services and department stores, where clients may access what they need when they need it from a variety of offerings, and obtain the assistance they require. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 27-37 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1378 %N 8 %1 Swinburne University of Technology Ron Beckett is an industry practitioner with more than 30 years of experience in the implementation of creative change and innovation management in Aerospace and Manufacturing. He frequently works at the academia–industry interface, with a focus on Learning to Compete. Ron is an Adjunct Professor at Swinburne University, and he has held similar appointments at several other universities. He has authored or co-authored more than 100 conference papers, journal articles, and book chapters related to the pursuit of best practice in extracting value from innovative ideas, knowledge management, and effective collaboration implementation. %2 Swinburne University of Technology John Dalrymple holds a BA (Hons) from the University of Stirling and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland where he worked with the Scottish Enterprise Foundation to improve the performance of small and medium-sized companies. He was Founding Director of the Centre for Management Quality Research at RMIT University. John, the staff, and students of the Centre were regular recipients of “Best Paper” awards at international conferences. His publications have attracted more than 1100 citations to date. John was the Editor of the Quality Assurance in Education journal from 2003 until 2019. He has supervised over 20 PhD candidates to successful completion. In October 2018, John was presented with the J. M. Juran Award by the Australian Organisation for Quality. %& 27 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1378 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Trust, Transparency and Security in the Sharing Economy: What is the Government's Role? %A Ruben D’Hauwers %A Jacobus van der Bank %A Mehdi Montakhabi %K blockchain %K government %K network %K P2P %K peer-to-peer %K sharing economy %K trust %X To obtain access to goods or services between people or stakeholders, some collaboration between actors is a necessary component. Sharing and a sharing economy is closely related to trust. Within the context of 'the' sharing economy, especially digital trust is assumed to play a crucial role. Access to information is a crucial digital cue which can lead to trust yet, sharing economies are subject to asymmetry of information, wherein certain actors have limited access to market information on the consumption behaviour of users, the pricing of a product and, the reliability of peers. The lack of confidential market information between actors is thus limiting the potential for collaboration, as it reduces trust between them. Governments are amongst the (usually more trustworthy) candidates to undertake critical roles in enhancing the sharing of sensitive data. This paper aims to identify the role of government in facilitating and enabling data sharing between various actors in sharing economies. In this paper, we analyse the adequacy of a government's potential role in enabling transparency, trust and security, while operating within a sharing economy scenario, based on two case studies. Additionally, the role of technology is briefly defined for digital platforms and for blockchain-based opportunities for sharing economies. The use cases for the paper concern a digital platform for industrial symbioses, and peer-to-peer electricity trading based on blockchain technology. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-17 %8 05/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1352 %N 5 %1 Free University of Brussels Ruben D’Hauwers is a researcher at imec-SMIT-VUB. He graduated as a Master in Business Engineering at the University of Ghent (2010), and did a second master in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Antwerp Management School (2012). He worked as a business developer for AIESEC and SBE in Belgium and Myanmar. Ruben joined imec-SMIT-VUB in 2014 in the field of business model research. His research concerns business models in public-private collaboration in smart cities, in data exchange between stakeholders and business models for sustainable innovations. %2 Free University of Brussels Jacobus van der Bank is a researcher at-imec-SMIT-VUB. He obtained an undergraduate degree in Psychology and a Master’s degree in Entrepreneurship at the University of Pretoria (South Africa). After obtaining his Master’s degree, and working as a consultant for two years on a variety of projects, he decided to join the academic world where he lectured on entrepreneurship, innovation and business finance at various universities in South Africa. In 2018 he joined SMIT where he is currently working as a business modeller and is responsible for the development of novel business models and commercialisation strategies for projects pertaining to media and the telecommunication domain. %3 Free University of Brussels Mehdi Montakhabi is a researcher and Ph.D. student at imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He studied a Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering, a Master in Entrepreneurship, and a second Master in International Business. His MBA and DBA were in marketing. His current research concerns business model innovation in the energy sector. He worked several years in high-tech firms’ marketing management followed by an entrepreneurial experience in the retail sector. He continued his career as the executive manager of a consultancy firm in shopping centre management. He was honoured to be the deputy secretary of the Council of Shopping Centers while directing an educational and analytical monthly magazine in the retail sector. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1352 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T A Two-Staged Approach to Technology Entrepreneurship: Differential Effects of Intellectual Property Rights %A Saurav Pathak %A Etayankara Muralidharan %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K intellectual property rights %K technology %X In this article we examine how the strength of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime drives technology entrepreneurship innovation (TEI) that comprise novel unfamiliar technological products and new business models, which in turn lead to new product-market combinations. We consider TEI to be a two-stage process that involves access and use of new technologies and technological resources by entrepreneurs. While stronger IPR may constrain easy availability of new technologies and technological resources for entrepreneurs, use of these leads to TEI. We suggest that stronger IPR regimes could lead to TEI and its positive effect is felt through easy accessibility of the latest technologies and technology resources by entrepreneurs. Our model contributes to the understanding of the effect of strong IPR regimes on the different stages of the innovation process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-13 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1364 %N 6 %1 Xavier University Saurav Pathak, is an associate professor of innovation and entrepreneurship in the Williams College of Business at Xavier University. Pathak received his first Ph.D., in mechanical engineering from the University of Florida (2007) and another in entrepreneurship from the Imperial College Business School, London (2011). After his doctorate from University of Florida in 2007, he returned to India and was part of a tech-start-up named Zeus Numerix Private Limited that was incubated in the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai. There he held the position of Lead Scientist and was instrumental in developing simulation software for India’s aviation industry and commercial nuclear power plants. He also holds a master’s in mechanical engineering (ME) degree from Ohio University (2003) and a Bachelor in ME from Birla Institute of Technology, India (2001). Dr. Pathak’s research revolves around cross-country comparative entrepreneurship and focuses on examining the influences of higher-order contextual factors on individual-level entrepreneurial behaviors. Recently, he has started looking into how culture-specific emotional intelligence, including perceived well-being, shapes such behaviors differently across cultures. His ongoing research projects also include predicting entrepreneurial coping strategies and self-control based on entrepreneur’s level of emotional intelligence. %2 MacEwan University Etayankara Muralidharan is an Associate Professor of Management at MacEwan University, Canada. He received his PhD in 2013 from the University of Manitoba in Canada. His research interests are in organizational crisis management and entrepreneurship. His research has been recently published in Journal Business Ethics, Business & Society, Sustainability, Cross-Cultural Management, Journal of Small Business Management, International Business Review, Thunderbird International Business Review, Management Research Review, International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management, Current Topics in Management, and has been presented at and appeared in the proceedings of the Academy of Management, Academy of International Business, Babson Entrepreneurship Conference (BCERC) and the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1364 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Understanding Civic Crowdfunding as a Mechanism for Leveraging Civic Engagement and Urban Innovation %A Bastiaan Baccarne %A Tom Evens %A Lieven De Marez %K Civic crowdfunding %K Civic engagement %K Civic entrepreneurship %K Civic identity %K Digital citizenship %K Participation inequalities %K Peer-to-peer economy %K Social cohesion %K Urban innovation %X This article studies the emergence of government-initiated civic crowdfunding platforms. Such platforms can be considered as governmental responses for bottom-up peer-to-peer support mechanisms related to urban innovation, which also allows top-down governance and governmental support systems for civic entrepreneurship. To better understand the implications of these innovative ICT-enabled interaction interfaces for collective urban innovation, this study investigates participation inequalities from the perspective of campaign instigators, using in-depth interviews (N=28), and from the perspective of the citizen-funder, using a survey (N=265). The analysis shows that urban crowdfunding practices mainly contribute to higher-level development of collective identities with increased neighborhood capacities. Although participation in such ICT-enabled interaction interfaces could reinforce digital inequalities and existing power balances, this research shows a more nuanced perspective, in which online and offline practices intertwine. Furthermore, while civic crowdfunding campaigns are driven by a traditional 'participation elite', the deliberation process on development projects involves new publics that are not typically engaged in civic activities. Hence, civic crowdfunding formulates a new mode of civic engagement in which institutional involvement acts as a trust broker between civic funders and civic entrepreneurs, as well as adding legitimacy to innovation processes in the public sphere. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 51-66 %8 05/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1356 %N 5 %1 Ghent University Dr. Bastiaan Baccarne is a senior researcher at imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium. His academic interests converge on the crossroads between urban challenges, (urban) living labs, civic technology and smart cities. His work focusses on the potential and development of new interfaces in the urban environment to solve wicked urban issues. In September 2019, Bastiaan finished his PhD on innovative ICT-enabled interaction interfaces in the urban environment, titled: "collaborative and participatory challenges in urban innovation". This includes research on online civic engagement, digital citizenship, urban commons, innovation ecosystems and urban social informatics. %2 Ghent University Professor Tom Evens is Assistant Professor at the Department of Communication Sciences at Ghent University, Belgium. He holds Masters Degrees in Communication Sciences (2005) and Business Administration (2006) from Ghent University. Tom teaches in Media Economics (Ba1), Innovation and Tech Policy (Ma) and Business Models in Media and Technology (Ma). He is fellow holder of the chair ‘Media in a Society in Transition’. %3 Ghent University Professor Lieven De Marez holds degrees in in communication sciences (1999) and marketing (2000), and a PhD on the ‘Diffusion of ICT-innovations: more accurate user insight for better introduction strategies’. He heads the interdisciplinary research group imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium, a group of approx. 50 researchers teaming up around a mission to empower users in a digitizing society. His personal research focus is on methodological innovation to feel the digital pulse of users in a digitizing society. %& 51 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1356 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Understanding the Strategy-Innovation Link in an Era of Disruptions %A Karl Breunig %A Tale Skjølsvik %K Conceptual research %K disruption %K organizational capabilities %K strategy-innovation link. %K structured literature review %X Whereas innovation and strategy traditionally are treated as two separate fields of expertise and research, this conceptual paper aims to identify how strategy theory can be linked to recent developments within the innovation field. Innovation research seeks to explain the process of creating new products and services. Strategy research, in turn, intends to explain how businesses create lasting competitive advantages. In recent years, research in strategy has shifted towards explaining how organizational capabilities and environmental turbulence are related, increasingly recognizing that it is difficult to retain sustainable competitive advantages, unless market dynamics and business renewal are addressed. To establish a systematic integration and analysis, we present the results of an extensive literature review of 1,268 research articles published between 2007-2017 to address the question: To what degree, and how, have strategy and innovation been linked in leading management journals? Our analysis reveals that research addressing both strategy and innovation is limited, but highly cited. Moreover, we identify 5 main themes, which in turn reflected 12 subsidiary themes addressed in extant research. These themes combine to give important insights about the research that been done and what is likely to be needed going forward. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 4-13 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1376 %N 8 %1 Oslo Metropolitan University Karl Joachim Breunig is a Full Professor of Strategic Management at the Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, where he is heading the research group on Digital Innovation and Strategic Competence in Organizations (DISCO). He received his Ph.D. from BI Norwegian Business School, and holds a MSc from London School of Economics. Prof. Breunig’s research concentrates on the interception of strategy and innovation theory, and involves topics such as service- and business model innovation as well as digitalization in knowledge intensive firms. %2 Oslo Metropolitan University Tale Skjølsvik is a Full Professor of Technology Management, and the Vice-Dean of Research at the Faculty of Technology, Art & Design at OsloMet. She holds a Ph.D. in Strategic Management from BI Norwegian Business School and has experience as a management consultant from Bain & Company and Gemini Consulting. Tale develops and runs executive education within strategic management and digital transformation, consults organizations and does ostensive public speaking. Her research interests concentrate on the strategic management, innovation, digitalization and procurement of knowledge intensive services and firms. %& 4 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1376 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Using Foresight to Shape Future Expectations in Circular Economy SMEs %A Anne-Mari Järvenpää %A Iivari Kunttu %A Mikko Mäntyneva %K circular economy %K foresight %K innovation %K PESTEL %K SMEs %X Future foresight in business plays a central role in firms’ strategic planning, innovation, and product development activities. This is particularly true for the firms that are operating in rapidly changing business environments, in which a firm may obtain significant competitive advantages by coming up with new innovations and customer solutions. This article studies future foresight mechanisms and practices in innovative SMEs operating in circular economy–related industries. The future demands set by legislation and regulation, consumer buying behaviour, and environmental consciousness, all have a strong impact on an SME’s future horizon, in which there may be prosperous business opportunities as well as several challenges. This paper presents a qualitative case study conducted on seven Finnish circular economy-oriented SMEs. The case study reveals that the SMEs in this industrial sector are quite active in foresight activities, and that they have developed a variety of practices for effectively utilizing foresight information in their product development and strategic planning activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 42-51 %8 07/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1374 %N 7 %1 University of Vaasa Anne-Mari Järvenpää holds a MEng degree in Industrial Service Business (2010) and a BEng degree in Information Technology (2005) from the Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Finland. Currently, she is studying a PhD degree in Industrial Management at the University of Vaasa, Finland. Her research topic relates to the circular economy and industrial symbiosis. She is working as a senior lecturer at HAMK on the Degree Programme in Information and Communication Technology, Bioeconomy. %2 HAMK Dr. Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD degree in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT; 2005) and a PhD degree in Economics (management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in HAMK. During 2012-2017 he held an assistant professor position in the Department of Management of the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D manager and R&D process development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation and has held project manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, and business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review. %3 HAMK Dr. Mikko Mäntyneva holds a PhD degree in Strategic Management from TUT (2004). Currently he is the Principal Research Scientist at HAMK. His research focuses on smart services, innovation management, knowledge management, and customer relationship management. He has authored several scientific articles as well as six books on various management topics. %& 42 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1374 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Values and Practices behind Collaborative Childcare in Knowledge-based Organizations %A Gianluca Schiavo %A Chiara Leonardi %A Massimo Zancanaro %K Collaborative workplace practices %K Employee participation %K Grounded design. %K Sharing networks %K Work-life balance %X New forms of socializing care that leverage community networks and are based on alternative social arrangements are being experimented with in different grassroots contexts. They are being framed as innovative practices to facilitate the integration of professional and caring responsibilities. In this changing landscape, the private sector might benefit from new forms of welfare policies and family-friendly practices that are based on the co-participation of employees, and encouraged by public policies targeting workplace solutions for childcare. This paper intends to contribute to the ongoing debate on socio-technical innovation in management by exploring how collaborative childcare services might be deployed in workplace settings. At the same time, it investigates the role of digital technology in facilitating employees' engagement and participation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 41-50 %8 05/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1355 %N 5 %1 Fondazione Bruno Kessler Gianluca Schiavo is a researcher with the Intelligent Interfaces and Interaction (i3) unit, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy and an affiliate faculty member with the University of Trento in the Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science. His primary research area is Human-Computer Interaction, specifically Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. His current research focuses on the design, development, and evaluation of intelligent, collaborative, and inclusive technology for social good. %2 Fondazione Bruno Kessler Chiara Leonardi is a researcher with the Intelligent Interfaces and Interaction (i3) unit, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy. Her work is at the intersection of Social Sciences and Computing. She leads human-centred studies applying inclusive and participative methods aimed at understanding possible domains for technology use, designing and evaluating digital services. Drawing on sociological qualitative methods, her goal is to understand users' needs, values and practices, envision novel digital solutions, and iteratively evaluate design ideas with users. %3 University of Trento Massimo Zancanaro is a full professor of Computer Science at the Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science of the University of Trento and the head of the Intelligent Interfaces and Interaction (i3) unit at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). His research interests are in the field of Human-Computer Interaction and specifically on the topic of intelligent interfaces for which he is interested in investigating aspects related to design as well as to the study of reasons for use and non-use. He co-edited two books and has authored or co-authored more than a hundred papers in journals, conferences, and peer-reviewed symposia. %& 41 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1355 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Visioning Business Model Innovation for Emerging 5G Mobile Communications Networks %A Sara Moqaddamerad %X The purpose of this research is to introduce and apply a novel approach for developing business model innovation. It shows step-by-step how to envision and create business model innovation activities. The data was collected through a case study of a European provider of technical services in the electricity and telecommunications network industry, which is coping with the uncertainty and complexity of emerging fifth generation mobile communications networks (5G) and subsequently the transformation of telecom markets. This paper contributes to the intersection of strategic foresight and business model innovation by synthesizing existing knowledge and in-depth case evidence to demonstrate how business model innovation is developed in the context of emerging disruptive technologies using future-oriented methods. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 4-18 %8 12/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1406 %N 12 %1 University of Oulu Sara Moqaddamerad is doctoral candidate in management and organization at University of Oulu and project researcher at Martti Ahtisaari Institute affiliated to Oulu Business School. With a background in Futures Studies, Ms. Moqaddamerad is enthusiastic about developing the practice of strategic foresight in organizations and industries, especially in strategic management and business model innovation fields. Ms. Moqaddamerad has been working on a wide variety of technology contexts including 5G, IoT, smart grids, smart cities, AI, Fintech and healthcare. Ms. Moqaddamerad has practiced different foresight techniques for developing innovative business models for different technologies, especially 5G networks and has been teaching scenario planning, coordinating entrepreneurship minor studies, as well as designing an online course for blockchain technology. %& 4 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1406 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T What are the Challenges of Building a Smart City? %A Haven Allahar %K building smart cities %K ICT and smart cities %K Smart cities concept %K smart city case studies %K smart city initiatives %X The recent emergence of the concept of 'smart cities' presents challenges to city administrators for planning, managing, and governing modern cities in the digital age. Research on smart cities tends to focus on the attributes of cities at a more developed stage, instead this article departs from that trend by discussing an aspiring smart city in a small-island developing country. The purpose of the study is to examine the steps required for building a smart city against a background of the concept of smart cities, taken in the context of an empirical study of an aspiring small smart city. The main finding is that there is no single route to becoming a smart city, but rather there are critical steps that can be adopted as part of a building process for achieving that objective. This work adds value in presenting a way to synthesize the smart city concept with empirical work involving one small smart city's aspirations and achievements. The article fills a partial gap in the smart city literature and has implications for aspiring city administrators, smart city builders, persons concerned with the application of ICT to address city challenges, as well as for students of urban planning, development, and management. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %8 09/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1388 %N 9 %1 University of the West Indies Haven Allahar has served for 25 years as an adjunct lecturer in entrepreneurship and innovation, and a coach of MBA teams’ capstone projects at the Arthur Lok Jack Global School of Business of the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Haven has a wide academic and specialized training background in Economics (B.Sc. - Jamaica), Entrepreneurship and Management (M.A. and DBA - USA); Industrial Project Planning, Financing, and Management (UK and Poland). Haven served for over 40 years in senior management and CEO positions in companies involved in developing and managing an energy-based industrial park, SME development, urban development, and project planning and management. Haven, along with two partners, owned and operated a consulting firm for 15 years that provided project planning, design, and management services to a variety of clients in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean. Haven’s research interests are in broad areas of business, management, and economic development issues. His publications are available at Academia.edu and ResearchGate. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1388 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T What impedes the success of late mover IT clusters despite economically favorable environments? A case study of an Indian IT cluster %A Harini Mittal %A Punit Saurabh %A Devang Rohit %A Kathak Mehta %K Gujarat State %K Indian IT industry %K IT clusters %K Knowledge Innovation clusters %K technology %X The Information Technology (IT) industry in India, is one of the major contributors to the country’s growth story. It is organized in a few strong and dominant clusters across the country. Recent research focuses on the emergence, growth and success of the seven big IT clusters that account for 96.55% of total software exports from the country. Unlike the six successful late mover clusters, there are several other late mover IT clusters that have not experienced similar growth. Why do some of the late mover IT clusters in India succeed while others fail to take off despite favorable economic conditions? This paper applies a case study method to answer this research question by examining a single cluster, using both primary and secondary data. The paper concludes with a new framework to explain how an IT cluster lacks the motivation to succeed when it has to gain traction alongside the competing dynamics of traditional businesses. We find this to be the case more so when traditional businesses are thriving and growing. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 54-67 %8 01/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1321 %N 1 %1 Bronx Community College, City University of New York Dr. Harini Mittal is a highly experienced educator with expertise in curriculum development and college instruction and is passionate about student advocacy. She has been actively involved in various activities, initiatives, teaching, mentoring, and research in the field of finance, innovation and entrepreneurship. She has also authored/co-authored and edited books and journal articles. She received her Ph.D. in Management, from the Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad. She is currently working at Bronx Community College, City University of New York (BCC-CUNY) as an Assistant Professor in the Business and Information Systems Department. Dr. Mittal is a founding board member and treasurer of Emblaze Academy, a charter school located at South Bronx. She is also a consulting country specialist with Aperian Global. %2 Nirma University Dr. Punit holds a doctorate in Innovation Management from IIT-Kharagpur. He is presently serving Nirma University with the Institute of Management in the capacity of Assistant Professor. He has been a Research fellow of DSIR-TePP (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research) and has handled key innovation funding and commercialization programs. His area of teaching and research includes entrepreneurship development, Innovation management, family business practices, women entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem setups etc. He has contributed to setting up research academic and practice-based entrepreneurship ecosystems at several institutions. He publishes and reviews in several journals while contributing articles on strategic and geopolitical affairs for US Naval Institute defense news, and shares his opinion in Nikkei Asian Review. %3 CEPT University Devang Rohit is a senior SAP professional and team leader. He is passionate about IT entrepreneurship and ERP applications. He received his MBA in Project Management from CEPT University and B.E in computer engineering from L.D. College of Engineering, Gujarat University. %4 Nirma University Kathak Mehta is an experienced Founder with a demonstrated history of working in Technology Commercialization. She is skilled in Innovation Management, Technology Management, Technology Commercialization, Business Development, and Entrepreneurship. She completed her Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) focused in Strategy and Entrepreneurship from Institute of Management, Nirma University. %& 54 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1321 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T What Makes Value Propositions Distinct and Valuable to New Companies Committed to Scale Rapidly? %A Tony Bailetti %A Stoyan Tanev %A Christian Keen %K new company %K scaling company value %K scaling-up %K value proposition %K value proposition alignment %X One of the most valuable resources a company owns is the "portfolio of value propositions" to its diverse external stakeholders, such as customers, investors, and resource owners. In this article, we fill a gap in the value proposition literature by identifying features that make the value propositions of new companies different from other resources, along with factors that make them valuable. A value proposition is conceived as being what enables and improves business transactions between a new company and external stakeholders. We reason that two features in particular make value propositions of new companies distinct: (1) business transactions between a new company and one or more external stakeholders, and (2) investments to create and improve a new company's value propositions that enable business transactions. We provide a definition of "value proposition" and postulate that a value proposition will benefit a new company when it: (1) strengthens the new company's capabilities to scale; (2) increases demand for the new company's products and services; and (3) increases the number, diversity, and rapidity of external investments in the new company's value proposition portfolio. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 14-27 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1365 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the past Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Carleton University Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %3 Université Laval Christian Keen, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the Département de Management, Université Laval, Canada. Christian has an extensive research and working experience in emerging and developed economies. His professional experience includes being a member of several the Board of Directors of private companies and NGOs. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and strategic management. His research areas of interest include international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial capital and rapidly growing firms. Christian is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship Small Business and TIM Review. He has presented his research in several international conferences such as AIB, AOM, EIBA, and has also published papers in those areas. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1365 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Which Factors Influence a Company’s Evaluation of the Contribution of Basic Research to Innovation? %A Hiromi S. Nagane %A Koichi Sumikura %K Basic research %K Biotech start-ups %K innovation %K Pharmaceutical companies %K University and Public research institute %X This paper empirically analyses how individuals in companies evaluate the contributions of basic research by universities and public research institutes to industry from multiple perspectives: manager as a spokesperson of the company (science-based industry or others), position within the company (managers or inventors), affiliations of inventors (large pharmaceutical companies or biotech start-ups), and educational background. This paper focuses on the case of Japan. Questionnaire surveys were sent to managers and inventors in established companies and start-ups across several industries. This study found that, 1) the more science-oriented the company, the higher their managers evaluate academic research, 2) inventors evaluate academic research more highly than managers, 3) inventors from biotech start-ups evaluate academic research more highly than inventors from large companies in the pharmaceutical industry, and 4) the more advanced their educational background, the more highly inventors evaluate academic research. This study suggests that 'closeness to science' is an important factor for companies to evaluate contributions of basic research to innovation. The findings also suggest that problems within the current educational system are an indirect cause of the innovation crisis in Japan. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 38-51 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1379 %N 8 %1 Chiba University Hiromi S. Nagane is Professor of Graduate School of Social Sciences at the Chiba University in Japan. She earned her Ph.D. in Economics from Hitotsubashi University. Her research interests are health economics, economics of innovation, science and technology policy, higher education policy, and industry-academia collaboration. She has published articles about health regulations, the relation between firms’ performance and absorptive capacity, the productivity of academic articles, leading scientists, and so on. She also received a category award for her article about science and technology policy from the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers in 2020. She holds the post of visiting scholar of the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). %2 National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Koichi Sumikura is Deputy Director, GiST Program, GRIPS Professor. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo Graduate School for Engineering in 1998 and is now a visiting assistant at the University of Tokyo's Research Unit. His specialty is in intellectual property rights, bio-technology, and industry-academia collaboration. He is a visiting scholar of NISTEP. %& 39 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1379 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The 3S Process: A Framework for Teaching AI Strategy in Business Education %A Navneet Bhalla %K 3S Process %K artificial intelligence %K Business Education %K design thinking %K Harvard Case Method %X A gap has emerged in teaching artificial intelligence (AI) in business education, where a style of curriculum based on strategy is missing. This article presents a new framework, the 3S Process, as a method for teaching leaders how to strategically adopt AI within their organizations. At a high-level, the 3S Process consists of three stages (Story, Strategy, and Solution), which are described in detail in the article. Stage 1: Story in the process is inspired by the Harvard Case Method to provide context for a problem. Stage 2: Strategy uses Design Thinking to produce candidate solutions. The substage of Empathy in Design Thinking plays a crucial role to reduce bias in designing AI. Virtualization technology is a tool for students to experience hands-on learning in prototype development. Stage 3: Solution is where students advocate for their conceptual AI solution in the context of the case study. AI is a type of complex system; therefore, students should consider feedback loops and the potential for unintended biases to enter a deployed solution. The presentation of the 3S Process in this article is conceptual. Further empirical studies, including evaluations of the 3S Process in classroom settings, will be considered in the future. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 36-42 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1290 %N 12 %1 University College London & Cetana AI Navneet Bhalla, PhD, is a Senior Honorary Research Associate at University College London, in the Department of Computer Science, and a member of Intelligent Systems Group. He is also the founder of Cetana AI Inc., a consultancy specializing in artificial intelligence. Prior to starting the consultancy, Navneet was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University (in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology), at Cornell University (in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering), and at the Universität Paderborn (in the Department of Computer Science). His research interests include self-assembling systems, machine learning, soft robotics, mechanical design, composite materials, and innovation management. %& 36 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1290 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Alliances in Financial Ecosystems: A Source of Organizational Legitimacy for Fintech Startups and Incumbents %A Christopher Svensson %A Jakob Udesen %A Jane Webb %K financial ecosystems %K fintech startups %K organizational legitimacy %K relational perspective %K strategic alliances %X Financial ecosystems are transforming around new financial technology, or “fintech”. As such ecosystems transform, the basis for being seen as legitimate also changes for all actors. Thus, alliances between actors within financial ecosystems are increasingly formed to help gain, maintain, and repair organizational legitimacy. From interviews with fintech startups in Sweden and with venture capitalist firms investing in fintech startups in Sweden, we explore the intertwined quests for organizational legitimacy in a transforming financial ecosystem. As Swedish fintech startups seek to establish a sense of their legitimacy, simultaneously incumbents seek to maintain and repair their organizational legitimacy. Adopting a legitimacy-based view of strategic alliances, we set out the aspects of organizational legitimacy that incumbents and fintech startups look for in a potential partner and how these aspects meet the legitimacy needs of each partner. We argue that alliances further enhance the organizational legitimacy of both fintech startups and incumbents. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 20-32 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1209 %N 1 %1 Chalmers University of Technology Christopher Svensson is a Business Developer and fintech enthusiast working at Minna Technologies, a fintech startup in Sweden. He has a Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering, with a focus on Quality and Operations Management, from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. He has also studied Economics at the Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law, Sweden. His multidisciplinary background within Technology Management and Economics has shaped Christopher’s particular interest in how technology startups transform and disrupt industries. %2 Chalmers University of Technology Jakob Udesen is an Associate Business Developer working at Tetra Pak. He holds a Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering, with a focus on the Management and Economics of Innovation, from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. A part of his Master’s level studies was carried out at the Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Portugal. Jakob has a strong interest in how to manage innovation processes to ensure the best financial outcomes, and he has a deep understanding of agile processes as well as classic management approaches. %3 Chalmers University of Technology Jane Webb is a PhD candidate in Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Her doctoral research draws on a two-year ethnographic study of a partnership of 15 organizations testing and demonstrating electric vehicles and related services “live” in a city. Her interest is in how participants in collaborative innovation successfully nurture a web of goals to keep joint work alive. Jane has previous experience in policy, project, and operations management in the public sector, as well as in design research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1209 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Applying a Living Lab Approach Within an eHealth Accelerator %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Leena Arhippainen %A Timo Ojala %K accelerator %K case study %K ehealth %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K SME %K startup %X Through this study, we seek to understand the impact of the use of the living lab approach on product and business development in an eHealth accelerator. In the case accelerator, 20 startups developed innovative products atop the European FIWARE Future Internet technology platform. The novel design element of the case accelerator was the use of the living lab approach that was included for the purpose of engaging end users in the development and testing of new product prototypes. Our main result is that the living lab approach provided added value to participating companies and resulted in changes in their product development and marketing strategies. Overall, the case accelerator and the use of the living lab approach had a significant impact on the development, growth, and market success of the companies. Based on the results of the case accelerator, we propose the generic accelerator model presented by Pauwels and co-authors in 2016 to be extended with a new design element, the living lab approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 6-19 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1221 %N 3 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro is a Coordinator of the project “Generation Z and Beyond: Co-Evolution of Human Capabilities and Intelligent Technologies in the 21st Century (GenZ)” in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oulu, Finland. She received her doctorate degree in 2019 from Oulu Business School. Her research has focused on user involvement through the living lab approach in different contexts. Since 2011, she has worked in several national and international RDI projects related to living labs and user involvement. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö is a User Research Expert and Program Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs. She is currently in charge of establishing a Digital Health Knowledge Hub in Oulu. %3 University of Oulu Leena Arhippainen is a Postdoctoral Researcher and Teacher in the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, INTERACT Research Unit at the University of Oulu, Finland. Leena received her Master’s degree in the Department of Information Processing Science at University of Oulu in 2002 and her PhD degree in 2009. Her research interests include user experience, UX methods, human-computer interaction, 3D user interfaces and virtual environments, user involvement, and living labs. %4 University of Oulu Timo Ojala is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and Director of the Center for Ubiquitous Computing at the University of Oulu, Finland. He obtained his doctorate degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu in 1997. His research activities have included living lab studies of ubiquitous computing and virtual reality systems in real-world urban settings. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1221 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Are High-Tech Companies More Competitive Than Others? An Empirical Study of Innovative and Exporting French SMEs %A Manon Enjolras %A Mauricio Camargo %A Christophe Schmitt %K export %K innovation %K multiple-case study %K SMEs %K technological intensity %X The main objective of this research work is to question the relationship between the technological intensity of SMEs (defined by the share of R&D expenditure in turnover, according to the OECD) and their growth potential (defined by their innovation and export capabilities). Through a multiple case study conducted with a panel of nine French SMEs, and through an analysis combining a qualitative approach (illustrative cases study) and a quantitative one (multidimensional statistical methods), several hypotheses were tested. Finally, this study points out that technological intensity, as defined by the OECD, is not directly correlated with the growth potential of SMEs. On the other hand, a company’s technological intensity would have an impact on the way it manages its innovation and internationalization process, and thus the way it manages its internal practices. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 33-48 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1210 %N 1 %1 Université de Lorraine Manon Enjolras is a Researcher in Industrial System Engineering at the Université de Lorraine in Nancy, France, where she is working on the innovation and internationalization capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). She also holds a PhD from the Université de Lorraine in addition to an Engineering degree in Project Management and Innovation Management and a Master’s degree in Innovation Management, both from the Université de Lorraine’s Ecole Nationale Supérieure en Génie des Systèmes et Innovation (ENSGSI). Her main research interests are related to multicriteria decision-making and multivariate data analysis methodologies applied to SMEs, especially the capability evaluation metrics for innovation, internationalization, and the protection of industrial property. %2 Université de Lorraine Mauricio Camargo is a Professor at the Ecole Nationale en Génie des Systèmes Industriels (ENSGSI) at the Université de Lorraine in Nancy, France. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and a PhD on Automatics of Industrial and Human Systems at the Université de Valenciennes et de Hainaut Cambresis in France. Professor Camargo’s main research interests are new product development, design-to-cost, and design and interdisciplinarity. His recent research concerns the application of multi-objective evolutionary techniques to evaluate product performance and innovativeness. %3 Université de Lorraine Christophe Schmitt is a Professor in Entrepreneurship at the Université de Lorraine (IAE de Metz and CEREFIGE), he holds the research Chair “Entreprendre”, and he is responsible for PeeL (the Lorraine Student Entrepreneurship Pole). He is also an Associate Professor at the Louvain School of Management in Belgium and at the “Haute Ecole de Gestion” of Fribourg in Switzerland. His articles and books mostly concern the notion of value design and knowledge building for action as well as the development of entrepreneurial practices. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1210 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Artificial Intelligence for Innovation in Austria %A Erich Prem %K AI %K AI innovation management %K artificial intelligence %K Austria %K innovation %K SME %X It has been claimed that Artificial Intelligence (AI) carries enormous potential for service and product innovation. Policy makers world-wide nowadays aim to foster environments conducive for AI-based innovation. This paper addresses the current lack of empirical data for evidence-based innovation policies and the management of AI-based innovation. It focuses on “AI and innovation management” in addressing the question whether innovation that is based on new AI technology requires a management approach different from other forms of IT innovation. We present results from a study of Austrian companies on the degree of use and implementation of AI, and on challenges related to AI-based innovation management. This study used a keyword-list approach to define “Artificial Intelligence” and to find AI-based innovation projects in research databases. These projects facilitated the identification of experts from organisations developing AI-based innovation. In total, eleven experts were interviewed about their AI-based innovation activities. The results show that AI is a very fast emerging technology that is being applied in many sectors. A broad range of innovative solutions are being developed and some have already reached the market. Specific AI business models are, however, less clear and still developing. Companies are facing multiple challenges from regulation to human resources and data collection. Managing AI-based innovation will be particularly difficult for smaller enterprises, where problems are often more pronounced than in larger industries. Explicit challenges for managing AI-based innovations include the necessary attention to managing expectations and ensuring historic metadata expertise essential for many AI-based solutions. Policies to support AI-based innovation therefore should focus on human aspects. This includes increasing the availability of AI experts, but also concerns the development of new job profiles, such as experts in AI training. AI innovators also require clear AI regulation and research investments in key challenges, such as explainable AI. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-15 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1287 %N 12 %1 eutema gmbH Dr. Erich Prem is chief RTI strategy advisor and CEO of eutema GmbH. He is an expert in international research and innovation management with a focus on information technology. Erich Prem is a certified managerial economist and works scientifically in artificial intelligence, research politics, innovation research, and epistemology. He has published more than 70 scientific articles and was a guest researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his Dr. phil. (epistemology) from the University of Vienna, and his Dr. tech. (computer science) from TU Vienna, where he also completed his master’s in computer science (Dipl. Ing). He received his MBA in General Management from Donau University. He is a lecturer at TU Vienna’s Informatics Innovation Center. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1287 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Beyond the Hype: A Bibliometric Analysis Deconstructing Research on Digitalization %A Andrea Holand %A Silje Svadberg %A Karl Joachim Breunig %X The accelerating emergent field of research addressing digitalization and related topics is complex, unstructured and hyped. Consequently, both research and practice lack a rigorous foundation of prior published research to underpin and direct future exploration into the opportunities and challenges provided by these exciting new digital technologies. This study employed a bibliometric analysis to explore extant published research within the digitalization field. We identified key articles that have enabled us to distinguish between interrelated digitalization concepts. Subsequently, we propose a taxonomy with characteristics for different levels of digitalization. The taxonomy contributes dimensions that create different commercial and organizational opportunities and challenges at various levels. The taxonomy offers a vantage point for subsequent empirical and conceptual research to extend insights on related digitalization themes, and especially those related to innovation and strategy decisions on scalability, automation, channel selection and connectivity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 48 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1274 %N 10 %1

Columbus

Andrea Holand is a business consultant at the Norway office in the IT-consulting firm Columbus. Ms. Holand graduated with a MSc in Business Administration from Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet in 2019. The article “Beyond the Hype: A Bibliometric Analysis Deconstructing Research on Digitalization” is based on research for her masters dissertation conducted in collaboration with the research group on Digital Innovation and Strategic Competence in Organizations (DISCO), at Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet. Prior to enrolling into the graduate program at Oslo Business School Ms. Holand graduated with a BA in Business Administration in 2017 from the University of South-Eastern Norway with a specialization in innovation and entrepreneurship management.

%2

PA Consulting

Silje Svadberg is an analyst at PA Consulting in Norway. Ms Svadberg graduated with a MSc graduate in Business Administration at Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet in 2019. The article “Beyond the Hype: A Bibliometric Analysis Deconstructing Research on Digitalization” is based on research for her masters dissertation conducted in collaboration with the research group on Digital Innovation and Strategic Competence in Organizations (DISCO), at Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet. Prior to enrolling into the graduate program at Oslo Business School Ms. Svadberg graduated with a BA in Business Administration from Oslo Business School in 2017. In her bachelor thesis, she focused on digitalization of the financial sector. Ms. Svadberg has worked as an IT consultant for a Nordic Microsoft partner, responsible for financial applications, in parallel with full time enrolment and progress in the graduate program at Oslo Business School.

%3
Oslo Metropolitan University

Karl Joachim Breunig is a Full Professor of Strategic Management at the Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, where he is heading the research group on Digital Innovation and Strategic Competence in Organizations (DISCO), at Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet. He received his Ph.D. from BI Norwegian Business School, and holds a MSc from London School of Economics. Prof. Breunig’s research concentrates on the interception of strategy- and innovation theory, and involves topics such as service- and business model innovation as well as digitalization in knowledge intensive firms.

%& 38 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1274 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Bridging Participatory Policy Trends and Research Traditions through Social Innovation %A Malin Lindberg %A Daniel Hallencreutz %A Anna Tengqvist %K action research %K co-creation %K innovation %K participatory research %K social innovation %X This study explores whether social innovation may serve as a bridge between participatory policy trends and research traditions when striving for improved societal relevance and impact of research and innovation (R&I). Despite their shared aim of relevance and impact through civic involvement, European R&I policies and participatory action research approaches seldom refer to each other or harness each other’s resources. The study advances the knowledge regarding how the participatory elements in the policies and research approaches relate through a participatory case study of a joint R&I process to develop a model for social innovation support in Sweden. The case study helps distinguish potential synergies between various degrees of involvement advocated in the policies and research approaches, as well as between the reliance on trending policy concepts vs. scientific notions of validity. Social innovation is perceived as a potential bridge between these elements, as it draws upon participatory academic traditions, while simultaneously tapping into current policy trends of co-creation, in the development of new approaches and solutions to societal challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 27-36 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1231 %N 4 %1 Luleå University of Technology Malin Lindberg is a Professor at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, where he specializes in participatory action research, in which knowledge is developed jointly by researchers and societal stakeholders. Her main topic of interest is inclusive forms of innovation and organization, with specific focus on social innovation, participatory innovation, and sustainable development. She has published several studies on policies, support, and management of inclusive innovation and organization in international anthologies and journals, for example, the International Journal of Innovation Management, the International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, the International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, and the European Public & Social Innovation Review. %2 WSP Daniel Hallencreutz is a Senior Consultant for WSP in Sweden. He specializes in participatory processes of regional development with a scholarly base in human geography. His main topic of interest is mechanisms of growth and societal change in clusters and innovation systems in various industrial and geographical contexts. His PhD thesis scrutinized growth patterns in Swedish clusters of design-intensive and cultural-products industries, such as multimedia, fashion, and music. He has managed several participatory evaluation processes of regional and national clusters and innovation systems, for example, in the European Regional Development Fund. %3 WSP Anna Tengqvist is a Senior Consultant for WSP in Sweden. She specializes in participatory processes of social sustainability, equality management, and gender mainstreaming. One of her main topics of interest is social innovation development and support, and in this area she has managed several co-creative evaluations of multi-actor platforms and projects on regional level. She has also managed several participatory model development processes for gender equality, equal opportunities, intersectionality, and accessibility in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors. This work includes the development of a European standard for gender mainstreaming in the European Social Fund. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1231 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Business Model Architecture by Design %A Ronald C. Beckett %A John Dalrymple %K activity theory %K architecture %K business model %K business networks %K design %K dynamic capabilities %K ISO/IEC 42010 %K multiple viewpoints %K relationship matrix %K strategy %K Zachman framework %X In this article, we view business models as complex deal-making activity systems organized to create, deliver, and capture value. Unlike some other viewpoints, we emphasize both system components and their interconnection. Business activities are carried out by a network of actors drawing on a network of resources, and individual firms seek to configure these intersecting networks to enhance their competitive positioning. The business model literature refers to the significance of antecedent activities in providing context – opportunities the firm decides to pursue, the strategy adopted, and requisite capabilities. Drawing on this literature, we propose an approach to framing business model context. Drawing on the information systems literature, we identify a toolkit facilitating activity system architecture design. We suggest how this both draws out the underlying complexity of a business model and shows how a multiplicity of views makes sense. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 16-27 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1252 %N 7 %1 Swinburne University of Technology Ron Beckett is an industry practitioner with more than 30 years of experience in the implementation of creative change and innovation management in Aerospace and Manufacturing. He frequently works at the academia–industry interface, with a focus on Learning to Compete. Ron is an Adjunct Professor at Swinburne University, and he has held similar appointments at several other universities. He has authored or co-authored more than 100 conference papers, journal articles, and book chapters related to the pursuit of best practice in extracting value from innovative ideas, knowledge management, and effective collaboration implementation. %2 Swinburne University of Technology John Dalrymple holds a BA (Hons) from the University of Stirling and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland where he worked with the Scottish Enterprise Foundation to improve the performance of small and medium-sized companies. He was Founding Director of the Centre for Management Quality Research at RMIT University. John, the staff, and students of the Centre were regular recipients of “Best Paper” awards at international conferences. His publications have attracted more than 1100 citations to date. John was the Editor of the Quality Assurance in Education journal from 2003 until 2019. He has supervised over 20 PhD candidates to successful completion. In October 2018, John was presented with the J. M. Juran Award by the Australian Organisation for Quality. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1252 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Choosing an Outlet for Action Research: Publication Patterns in Innovation Journals %A Magnus Hoppe %K action research %K bibliography %K case study %K innovation %K journals %K participative %K participatory action research %X With the aim to help innovation researchers choose outlets for articles based on participatory and action research methods, this article describes and discusses publication patterns of action research. A bibliographic study of 33 innovation journals ranked 4, 3, 2, and 1 in the 2018 Academic Journal Guide is complemented by a case study of this journal, the Technology Innovation Management Review, as an example of an established open access journal in the field with a wider scope and target group. From these two studies, we learn that the overall trend is towards more publications of action research articles in a diversity of outlets. Indirectly, the study supports the general view that articles striving towards adding practical relevance to research are becoming more frequent. There is no support for the notion that more renowned and higher-ranked journals would be more hesitant to accept articles with action research methods. The study also notes that there are interesting outlets beside those highly ranked and indexed in more conventional ways. The conclusion reached is that we lack a clear answer to the question of what are the best outlets for those of us who are interested in both innovation and action research. Instead, the study invites us to reflect upon what kind of impact we want to have and then act accordingly. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 66-77 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1234 %N 4 %1 Mälardalen University Magnus Hoppe is an Associate Professor at the School of Economics, Society and Engineering at Mälardalen University, Sweden. At the university, he is member of the Faculty Board, and leads processes for collaborative research in sustainable development. Magnus holds a PhD in Business Administration from Åbo Akademi University in Finland, where he presented his thesis on organized intelligence work in modern organizations. His current research concerns both private and public organizations and spans intelligence, entrepreneurship, and innovation. A special research interest lies in questioning dominating perspectives that bind our understanding of specific topics, and he now works to establish new ways of talking and thinking about innovation. His aim is to help organizations build new insights that will enhance their ideation processes and strategy building and, thereby, improve their innovative capabilities. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1234 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Conceptualizing a New Domain Using Topic Modeling and Concept Mapping: A Case Study of Managed Security Services for Small Businesses %A Michael Weiss %A Steven Muegge %X The objective of this paper is to show how topic modeling and concept mapping can be used to conduct a literature review in a new domain. The paper makes two contributions. First, it uses topic modeling to map out the literature in the new domain. Topic modeling provides an alternative to manual clustering of articles and allows the identification of non-obvious connections between ideas expressed in a collection of articles. Second, it identifies the underlying concepts in the new domain and their relationships by creating a concept map from the extracted topics . As a case study, the paper reviews the recent literature in the intersection of managed security services and small businesses. In particular, it identifies elements of the managed security services concept as it applies to small businesses. The audience of the paper includes anyone who is exploring a new domain by reviewing the literature, and in particular, students, researchers, and members of industrial R&D projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 55-64 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1261 %N 8 %1

Carleton University

Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and innovation in the mashup ecosystem.

%2

Carleton University

Steven Muegge is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Muegge leads an active research program in technology entrepreneurship within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include platforms, communities, and business ecosystems, and the business models of technology entrepreneurs, especially in early-stage product-market spaces. Dr. Muegge holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Engineering Physics from McMaster University, a Master of Engineering degree in Telecommunications Technology Management from Carleton University, and a Ph.D. in Management from Carleton University.

%R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1261 %0 Map %D 2019 %T Connected Health Innovation: Data Access Challenges in the Interface of AI Companies and Hospitals %A Laura Kemppainen %A Minna Pikkarainen %A Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen %A Jarmo Reponen %K artificial intelligence %K connected health %K Data access %K data management %K governance %K information mobility %K innovation %K orchestration %K patient- centered %X The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and potential solutions regarding data access for innovation in the realm of connected health. Theoretically, our study combines insights from data management and innovation network orchestration studies, taking thereby a new approach into issues that have emerged in these research streams. Empirically, we study these issues in the context of a development endeavor involving an AI-driven surgery journey solution in collaboration with hospitals and companies. Our study indicates that the challenges and solutions in data access can be categorised according to the level where they emerge: individual, organisational, and institutional. Depending on the level, the challenges require solutions to be searched from different categories. While solutions are generally still scarce, organizational level solutions seem The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and potential solutions regarding data access for innovation in the realm of connected health. Theoretically, our study combines insights from data management and innovation network orchestration studies, taking thereby a new approach into issues that have emerged in these research streams. Empirically, we study these issues in the context of a development endeavor involving an AI-driven surgery journey solution in collaboration with hospitals and companies. Our study indicates that the challenges and solutions in data access can be categorised according to the level where they emerge: individual, organisational, and institutional. Depending on the level, the challenges require solutions to be searched from different categories. While solutions are generally still scarce, organizational level solutions seem to hold wide-ranging potential in addressing many challenges. By discussing these dynamics, this paper provides new knowledge for academics and practitioners on the challenges and solutions for data access and management in networked contexts. The greatest challenges among healthcare providers and health technology companies lay on uncertainties and interpretations concerning regulation, data strategy, and guidelines. Creating guidelines for data use and access in a hospital can be a first step to creating connected health innovations in collaboration with AI companies. For their part, these companies need to put effort into gaining in-depth knowledge and understanding of the processes and standards in healthcare context. Our paper is one of the first to combine data management and innovation network orchestration literatures, and to provide empirical evidence on data access related issues in this setting.to hold wide-ranging potential in addressing many challenges. By discussing these dynamics, this paper provides new knowledge for academics and practitioners on the challenges and solutions for data access and management in networked contexts. The greatest challenges among healthcare providers and health technology companies lay on uncertainties and interpretations concerning regulation, data strategy, and guidelines. Creating guidelines for data use and access in a hospital can be a first step to creating connected health innovations in collaboration with AI companies. For their part, these companies need to put effort into gaining in-depth knowledge and understanding of the processes and standards in healthcare context. Our paper is one of the first to combine data management and innovation network orchestration literatures, and to provide empirical evidence on data access related issues in this setting. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 43-55 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1291 %N 12 %1 University of Oulu M.Sc. Laura Kemppainen is a Doctoral Candidate at Martti Ahtisaari Institute of Global Business and Economics at the AACSB accredited Oulu Business School, Finland. She holds a M.Sc. in Marketing from Oulu Business School. Laura's research interests include platform business models, human-centered personal data management, digital innovations and value creation. In her doctoral dissertation, the aim is to build understanding about the creation, capture and co-creation of value in the emerging data- and platform-driven ecosystems through the lens of service-dominant logic of marketing. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre & University of Oulu Minna Pikkarainen, is a joint Connected Health professor of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Oulu / Oulu Business School, Martti Ahtisaari Institute and Faculty of Medicine. As a professor of connected health Minna is doing on multidisciplinary research on innovation management, service networks and business models in the context of connected health service co-creation. Professor Pikkarainen has extensive record of external funding, her research has been published large amount of journal and conference papers e.g. in the field of innovation management, software engineering and information systems. During 2006-2012 Professor Minna Pikkarainen has been working as a researcher in Lero, the Irish software engineering research centre, researcher in Sirris, collective “centre of the Belgian technological industry” and business developer in Institute Mines Telecom, Paris and EIT (European Innovation Technology) network in Paris and Helsinki. Her key focus areas as a business developer has been in healthcare organizations. Previously, Minna’s research has been focused on the areas of agile development, software innovation and variability management. %3 University of Oulu Dr. Pia Hurmelinna is a Professor of Marketing, especially International Business at the Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, and an Adjunct Professor (Knowledge Management) at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, School of Business and Management. She has published over 70 refereed articles in journals such as Journal of Product Innovation Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, Industrial Marketing Management, International Business Review, R&D Management, and Technovation. She has contributed to book chapters, over 160 conference papers, and other scientific and managerial publications. She is a member of editorial boards of, e.g., Industrial Marketing Management and Journal of Innovation Management. She also has been serving as a quest editor and a reviewer for many journals and conferences. Most of her research has involved innovation management and appropriability issues, including examination of different knowledge protection and value capturing mechanisms. The research covers varying contexts like internationalization and inter-organizational collaboration. %4 University of Oulu Jarmo Reponen, MD, PhD, Radiologist and Professor of Practice in Health Information Systems at Research Group of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland. He has more than 30 years of experience in implementing and teaching the usage of digital systems in health care environment. His current research focus is on assessment of hospital information systems from a clinical perspective, including studies of user experience, decision support systems and artificial intelligence. %& 43 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1291 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Design Rules for ‘Triple Helix’ Organizations %A Ben Dankbaar %K design rules %K leadership %K motivation %K sanctions %K triple helix %X The image of the triple helix with three forces spiraling around each other has proven to be a powerful and inspiring image of the collaboration between government, business, and academia. The partners in such collaborative arrangements no doubt share an interest in making the collaboration successful. However, they also have specific interests and goals of their own. Too many triple helix arrangements have failed, because they did not consider this basic fact. Achieving their own goals is not necessarily the intention with which partners enter the collaborative effort, but they may well end up following this strategy. We start this paper with a brief description of what can be considered a typical case of ‘successful failure’ in a triple helix organization. We then review the literature regarding reasons for success or failure of triple helix organizations. We find that transparency and credible sanctions for self-interested behaviour are important requirements for successful triple helix arrangements. We then use notions from cybernetics and organizational design to develop basic rules for the design of triple helix arrangements. Basically, these rules and arrangements aim to ensure that self-interest and common purpose will concur. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 54-63 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1283 %N 11 %1

Radboud University Nijmegen

Ben Dankbaar is emeritus professor of innovation management and organization design, Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He also held a chair on management and technology at the Science Faculty of the same university. Before coming to Nijmegen, he worked as an assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam and as a researcher at the Berlin Social Science Center (Germany) and the Maastricht Economic Research Center on Innovation and Technology (MERIT) in Maastricht, The Netherlands. Ben has been guest professor at Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo and guest researcher at Macquarie University in Sidney and the Max Planck Institute for Social Studies in Cologne. He has published widely on technology and work organization, organization design, innovation management, innovation policy, industrial policy and sustainability. He has a special interest in the automobile industry, which he has been following for over 35 years.

 

%& 54 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1283 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Digital Payments: Impact Factors and Mass Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa %A Leigh Soutter %A Kenzie Ferguson %A Michael Neubert %K adoption %K blockchain %K FinTech %K mobile money %K non-consumption %K payments %K sub-Saharan Africa %X This study explores impact factors that affect the adoption of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we investigate the impact factors that subject-matter experts consider most important to the success of FinTech payment models. The data and their responses are evaluated through the lens of Christensen’s market-creation theory, which contends that the adoption of market-creating innovations by a mass swathe of heretofore non-consumers “pulls” framework conditions into place, including missing infrastructure and enabling regulation. Then, we compare the findings with the literature and three case studies of mobile money adoption in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the payment and money transfer segment of FinTech innovations in Africa using a multiple case study methodology. We drew together information from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews, archival data in the form of industry and regulatory reports, and observational field notes. Our findings suggest that enabling environments (Kenya) do jumpstart adoption and difficult frameworks (Nigeria) do evolve. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in Africa. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 41-55 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1254 %N 7 %1 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Leigh Soutter is a Vice President at Florence Venture Partners, an angel investment group in Silicon Valley that helps entrepreneurs start great businesses. She holds a PhD in GES Hydrogeology from Stanford University in the United States and has leveraged her experience with scientific computing as a technology consultant, entrepreneur, and investor. Dr. Soutter currently is working towards a second PhD at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris where her dissertation research involves the role of innovative technologies in emerging markets. %2 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Kenzie K. Ferguson is a recognized leader in corporate social responsibility (CSR). She built an award-winning CSR department for a multinational S&P 500 Company. Ms. Ferguson recently joined Delta Dental of California as their Vice President of Foundation and CSR. She is distinguished as an influencer with a growth mindset, creative problem-solving skills, and an ability to achieve goals with limited resources. Ms. Ferguson holds a Bachelor of Arts in Russian Studies from the University of California in the United States and an MBA from Nyenrode University in the Netherlands, and she is currently a PhD candidate at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris. %3 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He teaches doctoral-level courses in FinTech, valuation and acquisition, and international finance, among other subjects. His research interests concern the valuation and the development of innovative high-tech startups from emerging markets. Michael is a member of the Academy of Management, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1254 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Digital User Involvement in a Multi-Context Living Lab Environment %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %K Digital user involvement %K living lab. %K user community %X This article provides new knowledge on the long-term use and value of a digital user involvement tool as a part of a living lab particularly in ICT, health and public service development contexts. Research has been carried out within the authentic living lab environment in 2011–2018. Empirical evidence is gathered from case living lab digital user involvement platform and activities conducted in multiple contexts. The primary source of information are the 70 in-depth interviews with the customer companies, public organizations and other stakeholders. The digital user community and user involvement tool-specific value for the development of products and services are a fast, easy and efficient user involvement regardless of time and location, tailored online methods based on the need of the customer, and the richness and quality of the end-user feedback. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 27-37 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1273 %N 10 %1
University of Oulu
 
Lotta Haukipuro, D.Sc (Econ. & Bus. Adm.) coordinates the multidisciplinary Generation Z and beyond: Co-evolution of human capabilities and intelligent technologies in the 21st century (GenZ) project (2018-2022) at the University of Oulu. She received her Dr. degree in 2019 at Oulu Business School. Her research interests lie in the area of living labs, co-creation and user-centric development of products and services. She has worked in several national and international RDI projects.
%2
University of Oulu
 
Satu Väinämö, M. Sc. (Tech.), has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, creating user experience (UX) and service designs as well as defining and managing innovation processes.  Her career includes over 15 years in ICT industry in several leadership and UX design positions. Her tasks included e.g. creating smartphone UIs which were used in more than 500 million phones. Recently she coordinated 7,8 MEUR EU project, which accelerated European SMEs and startups to co-develop innovative application and businesses in eHealth market.  During the last seven years in University of Oulu she has led 100+ development activities within Oulun Urban Living Labs, where she oversaw innovation and living lab related projects. Currently, she is working at Centre for Health and Technology (CHT) at University of Oulu, where she is responsible of development of Digihealth Hub and its ecosystem collaboration.
%& 27 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1273 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T A Discipline-Spanning Overview of Action Research and Its Implications for Technology and Innovation Management %A Matthias Guertler %A Nathalie Sick %A Anton Kriz %K action research %K bibliometrics %K discipline-spanning analysis %K literature review %K technology and innovation management %X The iterative and learning character of action research is particularly beneficial for exploring complex socio-technical problems in technology and innovation management (TIM). In this respect, action research allows both rigorous and relevant research due to parallel solving of real-world problems, capability building, and gaining scientific insights. However, the use of action research within TIM research is surprisingly limited. Action research also is not a homogeneous research methodology since each research discipline, such as education and organizational science, has its own action research streams, which are often only loosely linked. A systematic overview of those action research traditions and specific best practices is still missing, which complicates a systematic transfer and use of action research in TIM. This article addresses this essential gap by building a cross-disciplinary overview of action research streams based on a bibliometric analysis using Scopus. The analysis includes relevant disciplines with action research traditions, their development over time, and the most influential journals, authors, institutions, and countries. Along with this discipline-spanning analysis, the article investigates particular TIM benefits and challenges of action research. The two key contributions of this article are: 1) a discipline-spanning overview of action research and its evolution and 2) an analysis of its implications for TIM research. These contributions build the basis for strengthening the use of action research in TIM. In the medium-term, action research has the capacity to link academia and industry more closely and, in doing so, assists important endeavours of translating more of our research outcomes into practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 48-65 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1233 %N 4 %1 University of Technology Sydney Matthias Guertler is a Lecturer in Engineering Design at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. He holds several degrees in Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Design, and Innovation Management from the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Matthias’ transdisciplinary research is at the interface of engineering design and innovation management with a focus on managing open innovation. His action-research-based projects have been in close collaboration with various partners from industry and defense in Germany and Australia. %2 University of Technology Sydney Nathalie Sick is a Senior Lecturer in Contemporary Technology Management in the Faculty of Engineering and IT at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. Prior to joining UTS, she was a Young Research Group Leader with the Helmholtz Institute in Muenster, Germany, as well as a Junior Professor at the University of Muenster. She holds degrees in Management and Engineering as well as a PhD in Innovation Management. Her research revolves around innovation and technology management with a particular interest in discipline-spanning collaborations and industry convergence. %3 Australian National University Anton Kriz is an Associate Professor at the Australian National University (ANU) specializing in the area of strategic innovation management and international marketing. His research focuses on advancing innovation management and innovation champions in enterprises, clusters, and regions through action research and action learning interventions. As part of the Research School of Management at ANU, he also teaches Innovation and New Venture Creation to executives at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1233 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Ecosystem Knowledge Explorer: A Tool to Systematically Discover External Knowledge %A Behrooz Khademi %K ecosystem %K knowledge management %K performance measurement %K social network analysis %K text mining %X It is crucial for any organization to discover knowledge from ecosystem-specific sources of knowledge that are considered external to the organization. Since knowledge exploration is a resource-intensive task for organizations, untimely or excessive knowledge exploration have detrimental impacts on the innovativeness and competitiveness of organizations. The benefits of performance measurement and management tools for knowledge management in organizations have been known for many years now. Therefore, the application of similar tools in ecosystems may enable actors to have access to valuable external knowledge. However, there is a paucity of such tools in management scholarship. The purpose of this study is to bridge this gap by proposing a conceptual tool – the Ecosystem Knowledge (EK) Explorer, which generates insightful knowledge for ecosystem actors using codified technical knowledge (e.g., scientific publications and patents). Not only does the EK Explorer reduce the uncertainty and fuzziness of the knowledge exploration phase for ecosystem actors, it also enables them to save resources and have access to strategic knowledge regarding competition, collaboration, technology management, and policy making in ecosystems. Bibliometric analysis, social network analysis, and text mining were used to conceptualize the constructs and measurable variables of the EK Explorer. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 28-40 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1253 %N 7 %1 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) Behrooz Khademi is a Higher Degree by Research Candidate in Technology and Innovation Management at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in Melbourne, Australia. He received his BSc degree in Production and Manufacturing Engineering from the National Technical University of Ukraine in Kiev, Ukraine, and his MSc degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Lappeenranta University of Technology in Lappeenranta, Finland. His research focuses on value creation, value capture, and knowledge management in ecosystems. He applies a variety of scientometric, patentometric, and text mining methods in his research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1253 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Action Research (April 2019) %A Chris McPhee %A Magnus Hoppe %A Erik Lindhult %K action research %K innovation %K participative %K participatory research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-6 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1228 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Mälardalen University Magnus Hoppe is an Associate Professor at the School of Economics, Society and Engineering at Mälardalen University, Sweden. At the university, he is member of the Faculty Board and leads processes for collaborative research in sustainable development. Magnus holds a PhD in Business Administration from Åbo Akademi University in Finland, where he presented his thesis on organized intelligence work in modern organizations. His current research concerns both private and public organizations and spans intelligence, entrepreneurship, and innovation. A special research interest lies in questioning dominating perspectives that bind our understanding of specific topics, and he now works to establish new ways of talking and thinking about innovation. His aim is to help organizations build new insights that will enhance their ideation processes and strategy building and, thereby, improve their innovative capabilities. %3 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult (Ph.D.) is a Senior Lecturer in Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Mälardalen University in Sweden. He received his doctoral degree in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, in the area of Scandinavian dialogue democratic approach to innovation and action research. His main area of research is participatory, collaborative, and democratic innovation and change management, as well as entrepreneurship for a sustainable development of society. His research interests also involve collaborative research methodologies, including action research and interactive research. He has been involved in a wide range of collaborative R&D projects in the private, public, and cooperative sectors, in areas such as organizational development, incubator and science park development, service innovation, societal entrepreneurship, sustainable innovation, and school development. He is a board member of the Swedish Participatory Action Research Society (SPARC) and the Swedish Interactive Research Association (SIRA), as well as an expert advisor to the EU SWAFS Horizon 2020 research committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1228 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Action Research (May 2019) %A Chris McPhee %A Magnus Hoppe %A Erik Lindhult %K action research %K innovation %K participative %K participatory research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-5 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1236 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Mälardalen University Magnus Hoppe is an Associate Professor at the School of Economics, Society and Engineering at Mälardalen University, Sweden. At the university, he is member of the Faculty Board and leads processes for collaborative research in sustainable development. Magnus holds a PhD in Business Administration from Åbo Akademi University in Finland, where he presented his thesis on organized intelligence work in modern organizations. His current research concerns both private and public organizations and spans intelligence, entrepreneurship, and innovation. A special research interest lies in questioning dominating perspectives that bind our understanding of specific topics, and he now works to establish new ways of talking and thinking about innovation. His aim is to help organizations build new insights that will enhance their ideation processes and strategy building and, thereby, improve their innovative capabilities. %3 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult (Ph.D.) is a Senior Lecturer in Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Mälardalen University in Sweden. He received his doctoral degree in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, in the area of Scandinavian dialogue democratic approach to innovation and action research. His main area of research is participatory, collaborative, and democratic innovation and change management, as well as entrepreneurship for a sustainable development of society. His research interests also involve collaborative research methodologies, including action research and interactive research. He has been involved in a wide range of collaborative R&D projects in the private, public, and cooperative sectors, in areas such as organizational development, incubator and science park development, service innovation, societal entrepreneurship, sustainable innovation, and school development. He is a board member of the Swedish Participatory Action Research Society (SPARC) and the Swedish Interactive Research Association (SIRA), as well as an expert advisor to the EU SWAFS Horizon 2020 research committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1236 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Management (December 2019) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1286 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria).
Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania. PhD from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council and Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems. Promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1286 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Celebrating Innovation in Florence (October 2019) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K behavioural economics %K behavioural science %K bibliometric analysis %K business models %K Buyer-Supplier Relationships %K choice architecture %K collaboration %K consumer-to-business %K Content creator-based business models %K content creators %K creativity management %K digital platforms %K digital technologies %K digital transformation %K Digital user involvement %K digitalization %K digitization %K disruption %K e-commerce %K human-centered data economy %K IIoT %K Industry 4.0 %K innovation %K innovation policy %K intellectual commerce %K Living lab %K mission-led science %K multisided platforms %K personal data %K research impact %K social commerce %K Supplier Integration %K taxonomy %K user-generated content %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 10/2019 %G eng %N 10 %1

Technology Innovation Management Review

Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria).
Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences.

%2

Technology Innovation Management Review

Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania. PhD from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council and Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems. Promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services.

%& 3 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Innovation for Global and Local Impact (August 2019) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K ISPIM, %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1256 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania. PhD from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council and Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems. Promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1256 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Insights (February 2019) %A Chris McPhee %K digital innovation %K digital transformation %K innovation %K innovation ecosystems %K management %K sharing economy %K technology %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1214 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1214 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Insights (July 2019) %A Chris McPhee %K accelerators %K adoption %K Africa %K architecture %K business ecosystems %K business models %K design %K digital payments %K entrepreneurship %K incubators %K Innovation management %K ISPIM %K knowledge management %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1250 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1250 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Insights (June 2019) %A Chris McPhee %K action research %K development projects %K digitization %K innovation %K management innovation %K women entrepreneurs %K women managers %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-3 %8 06/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1244 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1244 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Insights (November 2019) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K artificial intelligence %K competitive advantage %K cybersecurity %K deep learning %K Deepfake %K design rules %K digitalization %K entrepreneurial ecosystems %K entrepreneurial university %K entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurship education %K fake news %K innovation %K international entrepreneurship %K leadership %K Learning Capabilities %K marketing %K motivation %K new venture teams %K quadruple helix %K sanctions %K SMEs %K teamwork %K triple helix %K university business incubation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1278 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria).
Dr. Stoyan Tanev has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania. PhD from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council and Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems. Promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1278 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Living Labs (March 2019) %A Chris McPhee %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Mari Runardotter %A Diana Chronéer %K accelerators %K business models %K frameworks %K innovation %K living labs %K Open innovation %K stakeholders %K sustainability %K tools %K UN Sustainable Development Goals %K urban living labs %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-5 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1220 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is the Chair Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research interests focus on the possibilities and challenges with the ongoing digital transformation for people, organizations, and society. In particular, she is interested in the citizen perspective when digital service innovations are developed within the context of urban living labs for smart cities and regions. Her research is related to different application areas such as smart cities and regions, crowdsourcing, everyday use, and online privacy. Her research has been published in several international journals, conference proceedings, and books. %3 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab context, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has experience teaching and supervising students at the undergraduate and postgraduate level and also serves as a reviewer in various international conferences and scientific journals. He has been involved in international innovation and research projects such as Privacy Flag and USEMP projects and is currently working in UNaLab and U4IoT projects, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %4 Luleå University of Technology Mari Runardotter is a PhD in Social Informatics from the Luleå University of Technology. Since 2009 she has been working as Senior Lecturer, at the division Computer Science, at Luleå University of Technology. Her research focuses on social, societal and organizational effects of IT, primarily in the area of e-government and e-governance. She is also interested in issues related to availability and accessibility of cultural heritage materials. In her research Runardotter uses theories and methods that emphasize social, societal, cultural, organizational and gender aspects in the interaction between humans and information systems. %# Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. She teaches organizational development through IT and sustainable business models from a digital perspective. Her main research interests are in the areas of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1220 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Smart Cities (September 2019) %A Iivari Kunttu %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-4 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1263 %N 9 %1

Häme University of Applied Sciences

Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD degree in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), and a PhD degree in Economics (management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. In 2012-2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D process development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and project manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation ManagementReview.

%& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1263 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Editorial: Technology Commercialization and Entrepreneurship (January 2019) %A Chris McPhee %A Ferran Giones %A Dev K. Dutta %K commercialization %K digitalization %K e-leadership %K entrepreneurship %K framework %K innovation %K internationalization %K legitimacy %K management %K SMEs %K startups %K technology %K technology intensity %K ventures %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 3-8 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1207 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 University of Southern Denmark Ferran Giones is an Assistant Professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg. He received his PhD from La Salle – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. His research field is technology entrepreneurship, where he explores how and when technological progress transforms into entrepreneurial activity, and how this entrepreneurial activity results in sustainable organizations and innovative ecosystems. %3 University of New Hampshire Dev K. Dutta is an Associate Professor of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship in the Management Department at the University of New Hampshire in the United States. His research and teaching focus on the intersection of entrepreneurship and innovation, especially the way these concepts apply at the firm and ecosystem levels. Dev has over 25 research publications in his field in peer-reviewed journals as well as books, book chapters, and research monographs. He also holds national certifications as an academic coach and facilitator in technology entrepreneurship, innovator mindset, lean launch pad, and design thinking (MIT and Stanford D-School). Before joining academia, Dev worked for 15 years as a corporate strategy consultant for several large Indian IT multinationals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1207 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Effect of Digitalization on the Commercialization Process of High-Technology Companies in the Life Sciences Industry %A Saheed A. Gbadegeshin %K commercialization process %K digitalization %K Finland %K life sciences %X This article examines how digitalization influences the commercialization of high technologies in the life sciences industry. It is based on a cross-case study focused on pharmaceutical, medical device, and e-health companies in Finland. Both company representatives and regional stakeholders were interviewed. The findings suggest that “digitalization” needs to be distinguished from “digitization” because both terms seem to be misused or used interchangeably. The findings also show that digitalization led to a concurrent implementation of commercialization processes. Furthermore, the findings revealed that digitalization positively influenced commercialization activities, especially information sourcing and management, various assessments, and official activities, big data creation, and activity routinization. It was also revealed that the creation of new sets of big data and fear of digital attacks are negative influences on digitalization. These findings make a theoretical contribution to the discourses on digitalization and commercialization, but they also provide insights for scientists, engineers, and life science companies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 49-63 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1211 %N 1 %1 Turku School of Economics Saheed A. Gbadegeshin is a PhD Candidate at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. His research interests include commercialization, high technology, the lean startup methodology, entrepreneurship, business internationalization, and family-run businesses. He holds an MSc degree in Entrepreneurship from the University of Jyväskylä and an MBA in International Business Management from Turku University of Applied Sciences in Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1211 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T E-Leadership in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Developing World %A Maksim Belitski %A Bain Liversage %K commercialization %K developing country %K digital technology %K e-leadership %K small- and medium-sized enterprises %K SMEs %X Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the economies of many developing countries. A critical challenge faced by SME leaders, as digitization continues, is how to adopt digital technologies to create value and enable faster product commercialization. There is a paucity of empirical research examining how e-leadership in SMEs drives technology and new product commercialization processes in the developing world. In this study, we have broadened the notion of what constitutes e-leadership, from the perspective of how advanced information technologies affect the leadership dynamic and the appropriation of advanced information technologies. Although there have been several studies on leading technologies in developed countries, we focus on developing an e-leadership framework for SMEs in developing economies. Using this framework and five selection criteria, we conducted 11 interviews with a sample of successful SMEs selected from a pool of 2,240 firms in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. We conclude by highlighting the five key findings of this study, which explain how SMEs can develop effective e-leadership to foster commercialization and improve firm performance. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 64-74 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1212 %N 1 %1 University of Reading Maksim Belitski is an Associate Professor in the Henley Business School at the University of Reading, United Kingdom. He holds a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Leicester, UK, and a PhD in Economics from the University of Milan, Italy. He is a Trusted Researcher of the Secure Data Service, UK Data Archive and Virtual Micro-data Lab, Office of National Statistics, UK. His research interests lie in the area of entrepreneurship, innovation, and regional economics, with a focus on entrepreneurship as a spillover of knowledge and creativity. He is an editor of the Small Business Economics Journal. %2 Smartcom Bain Liversage is the CEO at Smartcom in Johannesburg, South Africa. His research focuses on businesses and the people in business, in particular, what makes people make choices, grow, and fail. Bain has over 10 years of experience as an executive manager and CEO in the ICT sector as well as in strategy, finance, operations, human resources, and networking. He manages a variety of sales teams and individuals, including a broad range of executive decision-making activities related to technology adoption. He gained his MBA from Henley Business School in Johannesburg, South Africa. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1212 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Elon Musk and SpaceX: A Case Study of Entrepreneuring as Emancipation %A Steven Muegge %A Ewan Reid %K Elon Musk, %X Elon Musk and SpaceX are central to the profound change underway in the space industry, opening up the sector to entrepreneurship and innovation by non-traditional new entrants. We employ the emancipation perspective on entrepreneuring as a theoretical lens to describe, explain, and interpret the entrepreneuring activities of Musk to launch and grow SpaceX. Applying an event study approach combining case methods and process theory methods on publicly-available sources, we develop six examples of seeking autonomy, seven examples of authoring, and four examples of making declarations—the three core elements of the emancipation perspective. Our work contributes to the theory and practice of innovation by adding to the corpus of descriptive case studies that examine entrepreneuring as an emancipatory process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 18-29 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1258 %N 8 %1

Carleton University

Steven Muegge is an Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Muegge leads an active research program in technology entrepreneurship within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include platforms, communities, and business ecosystems, and the business models of technology entrepreneurs, especially in early-stage product-market spaces. Dr. Muegge holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Engineering Physics from McMaster University, a Master of Engineering degree in Telecommunications Technology Management from Carleton University, and a Ph.D. in Management from Carleton University.

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Mission Control Space Services

Ewan Reid is President and CEO of Mission Control Space Services, a space exploration and robotics company with a focus on mission operations, onboard autonomy, and artificial intelligence. Prior to founding Mission Control, Ewan worked at a major Canadian space company as a systems designer and project manager. He has been a subsystem design lead on three rover prototypes for the Canadian Space Agency, a systems and electrical designer and operations engineer on the Space Shuttle Program, and a mission controller for ten Space Shuttle missions at NASA. Ewan has degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from Queen’s University and a Master’s degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University.

%R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1258 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Embedded Master’s Students Conduct Highly Relevant Research Using Industry as Their Laboratory %A Kristin Falk %A Gerrit Muller %K action research %K energy %K experimental learning %K industrial knowledge %K industry as laboratory %K innovations %K knowledge transfer %K lessons learned %K master project %K master’s students %K participatory research %K situated learning %K systems engineering %K systems of systems %X This article analyzes participatory action research conducted by Systems Engineering master’s students embedded fifty percent in industrial companies for three years. The resulting papers authored by these students identify challenges and effective practices suitable for knowledge transfer between industry and academia. The analysis covers 181 completed master’s projects, with a detailed analysis of 40 papers that have been published in international conferences and journals. The publication rate of about 23% shows that these students contribute actively to the body of Systems Engineering knowledge. This study analyzes master’s projects at three levels – industrial problem and drivers; Systems Engineering methods; and research method feasibility – and provides valuable lessons learned by applying the industry-as-laboratory approach. Embedding students in industry has resulted in publications that do not suffer from the main challenges of participatory research such as delays, repeatability, and only action and not research. These insights are valuable both for industry and for academia in future work to enhance innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 54-73 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1241 %N 5 %1 University College of Southeastern Norway Kristin Falk is an Associate Professor at University College of Southeastern Norway, where she is responsible for the Systems Engineering Energy track, and fronting research on Systems Engineering. Kristin holds a PhD in Petroleum Production and a Master’s in Industrial Mathematics, both from Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She has worked within the oil and gas industry for 20 years, both with major subsea suppliers and with small startups. She has worked in various roles within engineering and management, cooperating well with multidisciplinary teams. She has successfully taken products from research through qualification and commercialization, and she has led R&D projects both in industry and academia. Her current research focus is subsea architecture, safety, engineering communication, and innovation within the Systems Engineering framework. %2 University College of Southeastern Norway Gerrit Muller, originally from the Netherlands, received his Master’s degree in Physics from the University of Amsterdam in 1979. He worked from 1980 until 1997 at Philips Medical Systems as a System Architect, followed by two years at ASML as Manager of Systems Engineering, returning to Philips (Research) in 1999. Since 2003, he has worked as Senior Research Fellow at the Embedded Systems Institute in Eindhoven, focusing on developing system architecture methods and the education of new system architects, receiving his doctorate in 2004. In January 2008, he became full Professor of Systems Engineering at University College of Southeast Norway in Kongsberg, Norway. He continues to work as a Senior Research Fellow at the Embedded Systems Innovations by TNO in Eindhoven in a part-time position. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1241 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Emergence of Deepfake Technology: A Review %A Mika Westerlund %K artificial intelligence %K cybersecurity %K deep learning %K Deepfake %K fake news %X Novel digital technologies make it increasingly difficult to distinguish between real and fake media. One of the most recent developments contributing to the problem is the emergence of deepfakes which are hyper-realistic videos that apply artificial intelligence (AI) to depict someone say and do things that never happened. Coupled with the reach and speed of social media, convincing deepfakes can quickly reach millions of people and have negative impacts on our society. While scholarly research on the topic is sparse, this study analyzes 84 publicly available online news articles to examine what deepfakes are and who produces them, what the benefits and threats of deepfake technology are, what examples of deepfakes there are, and how to combat deepfakes. The results suggest that while deepfakes are a significant threat to our society, political system and business, they can be combatted via legislation and regulation, corporate policies and voluntary action, education and training, as well as the development of technology for deepfake detection, content authentication, and deepfake prevention. The study provides a comprehensive review of deepfakes and provides cybersecurity and AI entrepreneurs with business opportunities in fighting against media forgeries and fake news. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 40-53 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1282 %N 11 %1

Carleton University

 
Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries.

 

%& 40 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1282 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Employee-Driven Innovation: An Intervention Using Action Research %A Mats Holmquist %A Anna Johansson %K development %K dialogue %K ideas %K learning %K organizational innovation %X This article describes an intervention to design and test a method for employee-driven innovation and a model for learning among managers and development leaders. The empirical basis for the intervention focused on personal assistants in the home service within a municipality in Sweden. The intervention was carried out using action research in on a series of workshops with a group of employees, managers, development leaders. Using a “stage” and “stands” theatre metaphor, employees engaged in collective, innovative learning “on the stage” combined with observations and reflections from managers and development leaders “in the stands”. This article contributes a method that can generate creative ideas among the employees and a model that can stimulate experience-based learning through observations. The intervention also shows that action research can be used to develop and test methods and models. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 44-53 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1240 %N 5 %1 Halmstad University Mats Holmquist has a background in Sociology and is now Associate Professor in Work Science at Halmstad University in Sweden. At the university, he has been working with a multi-disciplinary research group on innovation with a societal perspective for many years and is now working with a newly started multi-disciplinary research group on sustainable work environments and health. His doctoral thesis was about learning networks as a social support in the development process and was presented at Luleå Technological University in 2010. His research focus is on learning, innovation, and sustainability in development processes in and between organizations. Currently, his research covers social entrepreneurs, social innovations, and social enterprises; project work and effects; local innovation system; as well as health innovation. %2 Halmstad University Anna Johansson is a Lecturer at Halmstad University in Sweden. She holds a master’s degree in Work Science from Gothenburg University, and her thesis was on motives for working with gender within elderly care in the public sector. Currently, she is teaching in organizational change, work organization, and work environments. She is particularly interested in organizational change in public organizations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1240 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Escaping the ‘Faster Horses’ Trap: Bridging Strategic Foresight and Design-Based Innovation %A Adam Gordon %A Rene Rohrbeck %A Jan Schwarz %K design thinking, %X Design thinking is inherently and invariably oriented towards the future in that all design is for products, services or events that will exist in the future, and be used by people in the future. This creates an overlap between the domains of design thinking and strategic foresight. A small but significant literature has grown up in the strategic foresight field as to how design thinking may be used to improve its processes. This paper considers the other side of the relationship: how methods from the strategic foresight field may advance design thinking, improving insight into the needs and preferences of users of tomorrow, including how contextual change may suddenly and fundamentally reshape these. A side-by-side comparison of representative models from each field is presented, and it is shown how these may be assembled together to create a foresight-informed design thinking process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 30-42 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1259 %N 8 %1

Aarhus University

Adam Gordon is Associate Professor at Aarhus University School of Business and Social Sciences, Denmark, and leader of its Strategic Foresight Research Network. He is the author of Future Savvy, American Management Association Press, and posts on future strategy in the management press at forbes.com/leadership. He is on the editorial board of Futures and Foresight Science, and co-editor of a special foresight and innovation issue of IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

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EDHEC

René Rohrbeck is Professor of Strategy and Continuous Innovation at EDHEC, France. He is author of Corporate Foresight: Towards a Maturity Model for Future Orientation of a Firm, Physica-Verlag. His editorial record includes being the managing editor of the special issue on Corporate Foresight for Technological Forecasting & Social Change. He is on the editorial board of Futures and Foresight Science, and co-editor of a special foresight and innovation issue of IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

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Reutlingen University

Jan Oliver Schwarz is Professor of Strategic Management at ESB Business School, Reutlingen University, Germany. He is a researcher and advisor on corporate foresight processes, strategy development, and business wargaming, and is co-author of Business Wargaming: Securing Corporate Value, Routledge.

%R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1259 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Exploring Participation Needs and Motivational Requirements When Engaging Older Adults in an Emerging Living Lab %A Tiziana C. Callari %A Louise Moody %A Janet Saunders %A Gill Ward %A Nikki Holliday %A Julie Woodley %K family views %K Living lab %K motivation to participate %K older adults %K research participation %K user expectations %K user needs %X There is a growing body of literature regarding living labs, which are seen as an effective way to develop and evaluate research for novel products and services with the actual end users. With growth in the living labs model, there is an increasing need for guidelines to steer and support the set-up and maintenance of initiatives, and to facilitate relationships and engagement with stakeholders and users in this context. This study seeks to address this need, in part, by exploring the needs, expectations, and motivations that older adults have in relation to research participation in an emerging living lab. This work is part of a wider research project to develop an integrated framework to guide emerging living labs. Eight semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six residents and two family members from two residential settings for older adults that were collaborating to establish a living lab environment. A concept-driven coding frame supported the coding and analysis of the interview transcripts. The results provide insights in relation to participant motivation to take part in research, and they identify some issues of concern for participants, both residents and family members, related to living lab initiatives. As a first step in developing a successful living lab culture of collaborative research, this study has demonstrated that open discussion with residents and their families should continue to guide processes and research design as the emerging living lab initiative continues. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 38-49 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1223 %N 3 %1 Coventry University Tiziana C. Callari is a Human Factors Researcher at Coventry University in England. She has an interest in the organizational and cognitive processes of living and working environments. Within the Centre for Arts, Memory and Communities at Coventry University, she is involved in projects that seek to improve the quality of life/work of targeted users by incorporating ergonomics principles in the design of products, services, and processes. Methodologically, she has a deep knowledge of the use of qualitative research strategy approaches. %2 Coventry University Louise Moody is Professor of Health Design and Human Factors in the Centre for Arts, Memory and Communities at Coventry University in England. Her research is focused on the development of products, interventions, and services to benefit health and wellbeing. With a background in Psychology and Human Factors, she employs a range of research methods as well as art-based approaches to ensure that new products, systems, services, and interventions are functional as well as being desirable and acceptable to end users and stakeholders. %3 Coventry University Janet Saunders is a specialist in user research and user centred design, with extensive experience in e-commerce and several projects as a Research Assistant with Coventry University in England. Her background includes qualitative research for user needs and digital information design, such as usability testing, co-creation, focus groups, and interviews, with an additional interest in diverse groups such as people with disabilities, people with learning difficulties, and older people. %4 Royal College of Occupational Therapists Gillian Ward is a Visiting Professor at Coventry University in England. Her research interests include the design and user experience of assistive and digital health technologies. She is the Research and Development Manager at the Royal College of Occupational Therapists. %# Coventry University Nikki Holliday is a Researcher in the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences at Coventry University in England, where she specializes in informing assisted living technology design via multi-stakeholder involvement, using techniques such as co-creation, co-production, usability studies, focus groups and interviews, and rapid prototyping. She is experienced in exploring health and wellbeing technology perceptions and design with service users, carers, and a wide range of health and social care staff, and running user-focused co-creation activities and projects. %$ University of West England Julie Woodley is a Senior Lecturer in Diagnostic Imaging at the University of West England in Bristol, where she specializes in research and healthcare ethics. She is also the Chair of Central Bristol’s NHS Research Ethics Committee. She is experienced in the ethical dilemmas associated with new technologies and the setting up of complex research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1223 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Giving Science Innovation Systems a 'Nudge' %A Kirsty de Jong %A Urs Daellenbach %A Sally Davenport %A Jarrod Haar %A Shirley Leitch %K behavioural economics %K behavioural science %K choice architecture %K innovation policy %K mission-led science %K research impact. %X In this article we consider the role that contextual factors play in science innovation systems – that is, the choice architecture, that influences the orientation and outcomes of publicly-funded research. More specifically, we examine how choice architects, particularly policymakers and funding administrators, can affect the decision-making behaviour of researchers. The context for today’s science innovation systems continues to shift as governments seek solutions to the world’s “grand societal challenges”, such as climate change and ageing populations, in addition to greater and more demonstrable impact from funded research. This means that the assumptions of “basic research [being] performed without thought of practical ends” (Bush, 1945) that have shaped such projects, actually run counter to the growing expectations of greater commercialisation and use of multidisciplinary mission-led approaches. We argue that a closer examination of the choice architecture for publicly-funded research is required to understand and address how these potentially conflicting objectives may be pursued most productively through interventions that could form the basis of a novel, behaviourally-based toolkit for science innovation policy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 51-61 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1275 %N 10 %1

Victoria Business School

Kirsty de Jong is an early career researcher in the ‘Science for Technological Innovation’ National Science Challenge based out of the Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. Her research focuses on the behavioural aspects of the 30+ “high risk and reward” Seed projects and the larger Rangatahi (youth-led) Spearhead project involved in the Challenge. Prior to joining the Challenge, Kirsty was with The Behavioural Insights Team - a social purpose research company who advise on, and redesign public services using behavioural science. She has a Master’s in Museum and Heritage Practice from Victoria University of Wellington.

 

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Victoria University of Wellington

Urs Daellenbach is a Reader in Management at Victoria University of Wellington’s business school. His research interests have focused on value creation and capture, drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, with specific emphasis on contexts associated with strategic decision making for R&D and innovation. He has published in leading journals including Strategic Management Journal; R&D Management; Long Range Planning; Industrial & Corporate Change; and the Journal of Management Studies and Strategic Organization. With Dr Katharina Ruckstuhl, he is a co-Leader of the Building New Zealand’s Innovation Capacity Spearhead in the Science for Technological Innovation National Science Challenge.

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Victoria University Business School 
 
Sally Davenport is a Professor of Management at Victoria University Business School. On the strength of her research into sustainable collective productivity in New Zealand firms, she was appointed a Commissioner at the New Zealand Productivity Commission in 2011. Professor Davenport’s publications include topics such as technology management; strategic discourse; R&D management and science; and public policy. She has led large research grants covering projects on competitive advantage in NZ firms, and sustainability and firm-level productivity in NZ’s biotechnology and food and beverage sectors. Professor Davenport is now the Director of the Science for Technological Innovation National Science Challenge.
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Auckland University of Technology

Professor Jarrod Haar (PhD) is of Ngati Maniapoto/Ngati Mahuta descent and is a Professor of Human Resource Management at AUT in New Zealand. His research includes (1) work-life balance; (2) indigenous (Maori) and minority employees, (3) leaders and followers; (4) wellbeing, and (5) entrepreneurship and R&D. Professor Haar is a world-class ranked researcher; has won Industry and best-paper awards; research grants (Marsden, FRST) and is currently on a National Science Challenge (Science for Technological Innovation) and a Marsden Grant (Living Wage). He has over 375 refereed outputs (91 articles) and convenes the NZ Marsden Fund panel on Economics and Human Behaviour.

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Australian National University

Professor Shirley Leitch holds a Professorial Fellowship at the ANU Australian Studies Institute. Much of her research has focused on science-society engagement in relation to controversial science and technology. Her publications include the book, Social Media and Public Relations: Fake Friends and Powerful Publics which received the 2016 US National Communication Association PRIDE Award for best book. Professor Leitch’s research teams have received more than $5m in national competitive grants across Australasia. She co-founded the successful, education technology company, Online Education Services (OES) in partnership with SEEK which was recognised as Australia's fastest growing company in the BRW Fast 100 in 2015.

%& 51 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1275 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T How to Create Value(s) in the Sharing Economy: Business Models, Scalability, and Sustainability %A Aurélien Acquier %A Valentina Carbone %A David Massé %K business model %K scalability %K sharing economy %K sustainability %K value creation %K value distribution %X By organizing peer-to-peer exchanges and promoting access over ownership, the sharing economy is transforming a great variety of sectors. Enjoying fast growth, the sharing economy is an umbrella term encompassing heterogeneous initiatives that create different types of economic, environmental, or social value. This heterogeneity triggers tensions and intense disputes about the perimeter of the field. Do Airbnb and Uber belong to the sharing economy? How do we consider practices such as gifting, renting, and swapping that existed before the sharing economy boom? To sort out this complexity, we have adopted a pragmatic and grounded approach examining 27 initiatives that claim to be part of, or are perceived as emblematic of the sharing economy. We develop a typology of sharing economy business models revealing four configurations: shared infrastructure providers, commoners, mission-driven platforms, and matchmakers. Each configuration exhibits specific value-creation logics, scalability issues, sustainability impacts, and potential controversies. Our results provide guidance for sharing entrepreneurs, for established businesses that want to embrace the principles of the sharing economy, and for public actors wishing to regulate or support the field. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-24 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1215 %N 2 %1 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus Aurélien Acquier is a Professor in the Management Department at ESCP Europe, Paris Campus. He teaches corporate strategy and organizational dynamics. He is the Scientific Co-Director of the ESCP Europe - Deloitte Chair on Circular Economy. In collaboration with various national and multinational companies, his research focuses on the relationships between sustainable development, corporate strategy, and institutional change. %2 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus Valentina Carbone is a Professor in the Information and Operations Management Department at ESCP Europe, Paris Campus. She teaches supply-chain management and sustainable business models. She is the Scientific Co-Director of the ESCP Europe - Deloitte Chair on Circular Economy. Her research deals with sustainable supply-chain management, sharing and circular economy business models, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). %3 ESCP Europe, Paris Campus David Massé is an Associate Professor and Head of the Economics and Management Group at Télécom ParisTech, and he is a Researcher at Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (CNRS-UMR 9217). His main research interests are creative industries, the sharing economy, and digital innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1215 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework %A Omar Valdez-de-Leon %K Digitization, %X Throughout the modern industrial era, industries have generally been organised as linear value chains. This gave birth to the vertically integrated organisation, which was organised in such a way in order to control the entire value chain and achieve economies of scale, which in turn would create a significant competitive advantage. As digital technologies continue gaining adoption, they start enabling new ways of organising how value is created. This transition means moving from value chains to digital ecosystems. This is giving way to new industry giants, which rely on the strength of their digital ecosystems to attain market dominance. However, there is still limited knowledge of digital ecosystems: how they are created, how they work and, importantly, how organisations beyond digital giants can approach digital ecosystems. Based on literature review and expert surveys and interviews, this piece puts forward a practical framework for both established organisations and entrepreneurs to better understand, plan and navigate the new paradigm of digital ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 43-54 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1260 %N 8 %1

Ericsson

Omar Valdez-de-Leon is a digital transformation practitioner and advisor, based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Over the years Omar has worked across IT, telecom, consulting and industry in companies such as Ericsson, CGI, Honeywell and Vodafone, with a focus on new business initiatives grounded in emerging technologies. His experience in digitalisation ranges from advising utility companies on smart grid strategies to devising IoT plans for large telecom operators and smaller start-ups. He has also built, launched and managed IoT solution portfolios in utilities, transportation and FMCG. Additionally, he is member of Council, a think-tank for the internet-of-things and provides independent advisory services and lectures on digital transformation. He has written widely about digitalisation independently and for corporations, including digital ecosystems, organising for digital and more. He also developed the Digital Maturity Model as a framework to help develop digitalisation roadmaps in the telecom sector. Omar holds an MSc in Technology & Innovation Management from the University of Sussex in the UK, and an MBA from Manchester Business School.

%R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1260 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T How to Develop an Impactful Action Research Program: Insights and Lessons from a Case Study %A Victoria Lakiza %A Isabelle Deschamps %K action research %K guiding principles %K Innovation management %K research practice gap %K success factors %X Action research holds great potential for helping bridge the gap between research and practice. By working closely together, researchers and practitioners can develop tangible customized solutions based on research findings. It becomes possible to go beyond generic best practices that might need adaptation for successful implementation and use, or that may not apply at all in some contexts. In this article, the mechanisms through which action research can create the desired change and impact in both industry and academia are illustrated by describing the relevance and contribution of the main steps of a longitudinal action research program in a Canadian manufacturing company. The authors share four guiding principles and six success factors that were revealed intuitively in the course of this multi-year research program. Their hope is to contribute to a better understanding of how it is possible to develop an adaptive action research methodology to increase the potential for research relevance and organizational change. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 34-43 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1239 %N 5 %1 Polytechnique Montreal Victoria Lakiza is a senior consultant, facilitator, and coach committed to unlocking the potential of people and organizations. She is passionate about change management, organizational transformation, and building bridges between different fields and perspectives. Victoria has a Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering from Polytechnique Montreal in Canada. Her action research Master’s project allowed her to deepen her knowledge and understanding of organizational change dynamics and of the role of performance measurement in promoting culture change while trying to bridge the gap between research and practice. Victoria’s professional experience includes supporting a culture shift towards intrapreneurship, developing a complete performance measurement system, and managing an organizational restructuring and re-branding in an innovative engineering consulting company. Concurrently, she was co-leading a volunteer initiative aiming to accelerate sustainable innovations in organizations through the development of intrapreneurial leaders. %2 Polytechnique Montreal Isabelle Deschamps is a professional engineer, business manager, coach, and entrepreneur active in the areas of technology incubation, venture capital, intellectual property strategy, and hi-tech financing. In her 35-year career, she has been guiding innovation strategy and accompanying in both technological and organizational changes dozens of startups, SMEs, and R&D groups in information technologies, new materials, 3D print, cleantech, and medical devices. Isabelle is a recognized professor and researcher at HEC Montreal, ÉTS, and Polytechnique Montreal in Canada. She is a speaker and expert in technology entrepreneurship, innovation and product management, science and technology policy and ecosystems, and SME financing. Isabelle advises Canadian industrial clusters, R&D consortia, governmental agencies, and ecosystem members, such as the National Research Council Canada, Prima Quebec, Aero Montreal, and TechnoMontreal. She specializes in longitudinal and action research field studies, and she has published on the topics of technology implementation, innovation strategy and management, crisis management, open and collaborative innovation, industry research projects, and startup incubation. Isabelle is a metallurgist (Polytechnique Montreal) and holds an MBA (HEC Montreal) and a DBA (Harvard Business School) in Technology Management and Organizational Psychology. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1239 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Human Capital, Its Constituents, and Entrepreneurial Innovation: A Multi-Level Modelling of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data %A Vijay Vyas %A Renuka Vyas %K age, %X In this study, we use multi-level modelling to analyze data of over 200,000 businesses in 96 countries to explain the failure of previous research to extend human capital theory to innovation. We trace this failure to, previously overlooked, conflicting influences of education and experience, the two key constituents of human capital that are often used in research as innovation antecedents and present a conceptual and empirical case against the use of work experience as a constituent of human capital. Our hierarchical exploration of innovation antecedents shows that, at the individual level, being young and recently educated are significant predictors of innovation whereas, at the societal level, national wealth dampens the negative effect of age on innovation and accentuates the positive effect of education on it. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-17 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1257 %N 8 %1 University of Portsmouth Vijay Vyas is Senior Lecturer in Entrepreneurship & Enterprise at the Faculty of Business & Law in University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom. He holds a PhD from Edinburgh Napier University. He has been a Professor of Business Economics at the MS University in India and a visiting Professor in Entrepreneurship at Lancaster University in UK. He is the course director of MSc Innovation Management & Entrepreneurship at University of Portsmouth. %2 Cardiff University Renuka Vyas is PhD Research Scholar at Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. She holds a master’s degree in Social Research with a distinction from Birkbeck College, University of London, and a master’s in Economics from MS University of Baroda in India. She has been a Senior Lecturer in Economics at a Gujarat University college and a visiting Faculty in Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management at a Bhavnagar University Institute, both in India. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1257 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Impact of Digitalization and Resources on Gaining Competitive Advantage in International Markets: Mediating Role of Marketing, Innovation and Learning Capabilities %A Yan Yin Lee %A Mohammad Falahat %K competitive advantage %K digitalization %K innovation %K international entrepreneurship %K Learning Capabilities %K marketing %K SMEs %X International Entrepreneurship as a field of studies depends on digitalization as an essential factor that drives internationalization. Riding on the wave of digitalization, firms can produce and market their products and services globally through digital platforms with reduced costs and time savings. Yet, digitalization as a determinant of competitive advantages for small and medium enterprises in international markets is rarely examined. This study fills the gap by testing the direct and indirect effects of digitalization on enterprise, specifically focusing on price, product and service advantages in digitalized international markets. Based on the data collected from 143 exporting SME manufacturers in Malaysia, results from our analysis revealed that digitalization has no direct effect on competitive advantage, but rather has strong indirect effects on product and service advantages. Managers and policymakers can thus leverage digitalization to improve their company's internationalization plans according to its intended competitive strategies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 26-39 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1281 %N 11 %1
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman 

Yan Yin Lee is a scholarship recipient funded by Malaysia’s Ministry of Education (MoE) under FRGS scheme (FRGS/1/2017/SS01/UTAR/02/3) at the Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long campus, Malaysia. She received the Best Graduate Award in the School of Applied Physics from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), majoring in Applied Physics and minoring in Management Studies. She has been a Senior Management Consultant and trainer in Quality and Environmental Management Systems for over ten years and has consulted more than 100 companies from various industries. She is currently pursuing her Masters of Philosophy. Her research interests include SME internationalisation, SME digitalization, and government support programs.

 

%2
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
 
Mohammad Falahat is currently at the Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long campus, Malaysia. He is the Chairperson for the Centre for Sustainable Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSDCSR) in Business at UTAR. He was awarded a grant to conduct research in the field of International Entrepreneurship by Malaysia’s Ministry of Education (MoE) under FRGS scheme (FRGS/1/2017/SS01/UTAR/02/3). He holds a Doctorate of Business Administration from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) where he received a Gold Medal Award for the Best Doctor of Business Administration. His interests cover SMEs internationalisation, International Entrepreneurship, business strategies, and born global. His academic work has been presented at international conferences as well as published in reviewed journals and books.
%& 26 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1281 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Increasing the Impact of Industry–Academia Collaboration through Co-Production %A Anna Sannö %A Anna Ericson Öberg %A Erik Flores-Garcia %A Mats Jackson %K action research %K co-production %K collaboration %K impact %K industry–academia collaboration %K key factors %K relevance %K rigour %X Increased competition and globalization motivate us to join forces to enhance the impact of the research conducted. Collaboration between organizations with different views can, however, be difficult to manage and needs awareness and skills to meet different expectations. This article will consider both a mutual industrial and academic perspective into the development of action research and, in six research project cases, empirically explore how the impact can be enhanced by considering certain key factors in the research process. How the phases of problem formulation, methodology, and results are managed is critical for the success of a collaboration and, thereby, its impact. Counter-productive forces that could dilute the progress over time need to be considered given that combining practical relevance and scientific rigour comes with challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 37-47 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1232 %N 4 %1 Volvo CE Anna Sannö is the Research Strategy Manager at Volvo CE, previously working as a Senior Lecturer in External Collaboration at Örebro University in Sweden. Her research focus is on sustainable operations management. Anna received her PhD in Innovation and Design from Mälardalen University where she belonged to the research school Innofacture. Anna has an industrial background in surface treatment and the automotive industry. She holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. %2 Volvo CE Anna Ericson Öberg is the Management System and Data Analysis Director at Volvo Construction Equipment and has been working with production, welding, and management since 2004. She has a PhD in Manufacturing Technology from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Her research interest lies in manufacturing improvements in the intersection between the research areas of quality, welding, and production and is managing and participating in several research projects. Anna holds an MSc in Manufacturing Management from Loughborough University in England and is Six Sigma Black Belt certified. %3 Mälardalen University Erik Flores-Garcia is a doctoral student at Mälardalen University, Sweden. His research interests include discrete event simulation and decision-making. He holds an MSc in Production and Logistics from Mälardalen University and a BSc in Mechatronics from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education in Mexico. %4 Jönköping University Mats Jackson is Professor of Innovative Production at Jönköping University, Sweden and is the Programme Manager of SPARK, their research and education environment focusing on knowledge-intensive product realization. He was previously the Professor of Innovation and Product Realisation at Mälardalen University in Sweden and the Manufacturing Research Manager at Volvo Construction Equipment. He was also the Project Manager for the research school Innofacture at Mälardalen University. He received his PhD in 2000 in Production System Development at Linköping University and has a background as a production engineer and management consultant in industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1232 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Innovation Ecosystems as Structures for Value Co-Creation %A Sanna Ketonen-Oksi %A Katri Valkokari %K ecosystems %K innovation %K platforms %K value co-creation %X Despite the many recent discussions on “innovation ecosystems” as well as on open innovation or other co-innovation models, a more in-depth understanding of the multi-actor processes of value co-creation remains rather scarce. Hence, in this case study, we provide significant novel insight about innovation ecosystems as structures enabling multi-actor value co-creation in real-life innovation ecosystems. Based on our empirical findings, we identified two key principles: 1) in order to encourage the active participation of ecosystem actors in the value co-creation process, efforts must be made to ensure a clear vision and a shared value base on which the ecosystem activities can be built and 2) facilitation is needed to support the ecosystem actors to make new connections and to share their knowledge and resources in concrete ways. Most importantly, the more diversity there is among the ecosystem actors, the greater the support for innovativeness within the value co-creation process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 25-35 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1216 %N 2 %1 Talent Vectia Oy Sanna Ketonen-Oksi works as a futurist-in-residence at Talent Vectia Oy (Espoo, Finland), a company offering strategic consulting and training services for organizations interested in renewal and new growth. With broad experience in EU-funded research, development, and innovation projects, often in university-industry collaboration, and based on her PhD studies on the service-dominant logical view on value co-creation and innovation, she sees that more understanding about innovation as a process of multi-actor collaboration is still needed. The growing complexity and dynamism of the innovation ecosystems is also an integral part of developing organizational futures orientation. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Katri Valkokari is a Research Manager working in the business, innovation, and foresight research area at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has over 15 years of experience in both research and practical development work on business networks, ecosystems, and networked business operations. She has, for example, held the post of programme manager in the large FIMECC (GP4V) and DIMECC (REBUS) research programmes, and worked for many industry companies, large and small. Katri has published several articles, managerial guidebooks and other publications related to collaboration models, innovation, and knowledge management as well as sustainability. When it comes to ecosystems and networks, Valkokari believes versatility is the key to creating true impact. When networks are formed openly, they can be a powerful tool for solving many of society’s problems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1216 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Innovation Management in Living Lab Projects: The Innovatrix Framework %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Aron-Levi Herregodts %A Annabel Georges %A Olivier Rits %K assumption %K business modelling %K Innovation management %K living labs %K testing %K user research %K validation %X Despite living labs being described as “orchestrators” and innovation intermediaries, there is scant literature providing concrete guidelines and tools for living lab practitioners on the topic of project-related innovation management. To address this need, we propose Innovatrix, an innovation management framework built upon existing business model and innovation management tools and frameworks and iterated based on practical experience in living lab projects. In this article, we illustrate the added value of the proposed framework through three practical case studies that lead to three propositions regarding innovation management in living lab projects. First, Innovatrix helps to scope the user involvement activities, which leads to greater efficiency and faster decision making. Second, Innovatrix forces the project owner to focus on a limited number of customer segments, which increases the speed of learning as the scarce entrepreneurial resources are dedicated to a limited number of segments. Third, Innovatrix allows practitioners to capture the iterations and pivots that were made during an innovation project, which helps to link specific outcomes with certain living lab activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 63-73 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1225 %N 3 %1 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %2 imec.livinglabs Aron-Levi Herregodts is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs. He holds Master’s degrees in Communication Sciences (2013) and Complementary Business Economics (2014). He is the imec.livinglabs product owner of Innovatrix and applies this methodological approach on a day-to-day basis to a wide-variety of innovation projects. %3 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs. Within this “living-lab-as-a-service” she conducts user research to structurally support innovation development for SMEs. Next to this, she is also involved in several smart city projects. Her main research topics are drop-out and user engagement within field tests and working on the processes of current living lab practices. Annabel holds a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences with a specialization in New Media and Society from Ghent University. %4 imec.livinglabs Olivier Rits is Program Manager at imec.livinglabs. He holds a Master’s degree in Applied Physics (Engineering) from Ghent University in Belgium. Previously, Olivier worked as a business developer for Alcatel-Lucent, where he was involved with many different technologies, and for the research group SMIT, where he was responsible for the business modelling practice in the context of SME living lab innovation projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1225 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Is Joining a Business Incubator or Accelerator Always a Good Thing? %A Kristina Lukosiute %A Søren Jensen %A Stoyan Tanev %K accelerator %K Canada %K Denmark %K disadvantages %K incubator %K Lithuania %K new venture %K start-up %X Business incubators and accelerators are often hailed as essential tools for fostering growth in startups. However, not only do entrepreneurs often face the question of which incubator or accelerator to join, we suggest that they should also question whether or not to join one at all. Is joining a business incubator or accelerator always a good thing? In this article, we investigate some of the negative outcomes entrepreneurs can experience when engaging with an incubator or accelerator. We apply a cross-case analysis of empirical observations from qualitative interviews with Danish and Canadian entrepreneurs to arrive at a set of recommendations that entrepreneurs should keep in mind when considering such an engagement. These points are further qualified based on informal interviews with four serial entrepreneurs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-15 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1251 %N 7 %1 University of Southern Denmark Kristina Lukosiute is a business and innovation practitioner helping new companies articulate viable business models and competitive marketing strategies. She holds an MSc in Engineering Product Development and Innovation from the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, and the present article is based on her thesis work. %2 University of Southern Denmark Søren Jensen is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. Previously, he worked in a seed-financing company analyzing technology business ideas. As an investment analyst, his special interests lay within intellectual property and technology assessment. He now teaches intellectual property and entrepreneurial business understanding. %3 Carleton University Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program and Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including an MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), a PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), an MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), an MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada), and a PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Dr. Tanev’s current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology startups, business analytics, and data/text mining. He also has an interest in interdisciplinary epistemological issues on the interface of philosophy of religion, Orthodox theology, and the natural and social sciences. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1251 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Kick-Start for Connectivity: How to Implement Digital Platforms Successfully in Industry 4.0 %A Marie-Christin Schmidt %A Johannes W. Veile %A Julian M. Müller %A Kai-Ingo Voigt %K Buyer-Supplier Relationships %K collaboration %K digital platforms %K Digital Technologies. %K IIoT %K Industry 4.0 %K Supplier Integration %X Based on digitalization and interconnectedness, Industry 4.0 causes a structural change in the value creation processes, and thus reinforces the transformation of business processes and business models. One way for companies to cope with this development and its associated challenges is to apply digital platforms in the value creation process. As the potential of digital platforms for industrial value creation can only be leveraged to its full extent with adequate implementation, this paper addresses the research question: How are digital platforms best implemented in Industry 4.0 contexts; Using a qualitative case study design, based on 32 semi-structured expert interviews, the study identifies different triggers and initiators, challenges, and respective countermeasures, as thematic core elements of implementation, and requirements for platforms. The research insights contribute to existing literature on Industry 4.0 and digital platforms. In addition, the paper discusses practical implications for industrial companies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-15 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1271 %N 10 %1

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 

Marie-Christin Schmidt is a PhD Student and Research & Teaching Associate at the Chair of Industrial Management, School of Business, Economics and Society at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany). She holds a Master degree in International Business Studies from Friedrich-Alexander University and a Master degree in Change Management from University of Alcalá (Spain). Her research interests include Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation Strategies and Digital Value Creation in the context of Multinational Enterprises and Global Value Chains.

%2

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 

Johannes W. Veile is a PhD Student and Research & Teaching Associate at the Chair of Industrial Management, School of Business, Economics and Society at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany). Having studied in Nürnberg (Germany) and São Paulo (Brazil), he obtained a Master degree in Management from Friedrich-Alexander University. Before that, he worked for Voith Group in Heidenheim studying at the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (Germany). His research interests include Strategic Cross-Company Cooperation and Supply Chain Management in the context of Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation and Digital Value Creation.

 

 

%3
Salzburg University of Applied Sciences
 
Professor Dr. Julian M. Müller is Professor for Logistics and Operations Management at Salzburg University of Applied Sciences (Austria), and is Visiting Professor at Jagiellonian University Krakow (Poland). He holds a PhD from Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany). Julian M. Müller studied at Friedrich-Alexander University and the Swiss Federal Institute for Technology, ETH Zürich (Switzerland). He obtained Master degrees in Mechanical Engineering as well as in Industrial Engineering and Management. His research interests include Industry 4.0, Supply Chain Management, Technology Management, Business Model Innovation, Sustainability, and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises.
%4

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 

Professor Dr. Kai-Ingo Voigt holds the Chair of Industrial Management at the School of Business, Economics and Society at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany), and is an associate member of the Faculty of Engineering. As a Visiting Professor, Kai-Ingo Voigt teaches at Tongji University Shanghai (China), Universidad de Alcalá (Spain), Babson College (USA), Sofia University (Bulgaria), and University of International Business and Economics, Beijing (China). His research interests include Industrial Value Creation, especially in the context of Industry 4.0, Business Model Innovation, Technology and Innovation Management, and Organizational Creativity.

%& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1271 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Leveraging AI-based Decision Support for Opportunity Analysis %A Wolfgang Groher %A Friedrich-Wilhelm Rademacher %A André Csillaghy %K front-end of innovation; environmental scanning; information processing; opportunity; innovation search field; information retrieval; artificial intelligence; decision-making; latent semantic indexing; design-science %X The dynamics and speed of change in corporate environments have increased. At the front-end of innovation, firms are challenged to evaluate growing amounts of information within shorter time frames in order to stay competitive. Either they spend significant time on structured data analysis, at the risk of delayed market launch, or they follow their intuition, at the risk of not meeting market trends. Both scenarios constitute a significant risk for a firm’s continued existence. Motivated by this, a conceptual model is presented in this paper that aims at remediating these risks. Grounded on design science methodology, it concentrates on previous assessments of innovation search fields. These innovation search fields assist in environmental scanning and lay the foundation for deciding which opportunities to pursue. The model applies a novel AI-based approach, which draws on natural language processing and information retrieval. To provide decision support, the approach includes market-, technology-, and firm-related criteria. This allows us to replace intuitive decision-making by fact-based considerations. In addition, an often-iterative approach for environmental scanning is replaced by a more straightforward process. Early testing of the conceptual model has shown results of increased quality and speed of decision-making. Further testing and feedback is still required to enhance and calibrate the AI-functionality. Applied in business environments, the approach can contribute to remediate fuzziness in early front-end activities, thus helping direct innovation managers to “do the right things”. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 29-35 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1289 %N 12 %1 University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen Wolfgang Groher holds a position as lecturer and researcher for business informatics at the University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen, Switzerland. His primary research interest lies in the front-end of innovation and supporting it with data science-based approaches. This includes the topic of identifying weak signals for strategic foresight. He holds a diploma as business engineer from the University of Karlsruhe and has many years of international industry experience in IT-, SCM- and consulting positions at Siemens. Within the Swiss association VNL for logistics professionals he is heading the expert group for logistics innovation. %2 University of Applied Sciences FHNW Friedrich-W. Rademacher is a lecturer and professor for production and logistics systems at the University of Applied Sciences FHNW Northwestern Switzerland in Windisch, Switzerland. His scientific focus lies on innovation of logistics processes. He was awarded a PhD at the TU Dortmund and holds an engineering diploma from the Ruhr University Bochum. He has extensive industrial experience as a managing director in the telecommunications and public transport sectors. %3 University of Applied Sciences FHNW André Csillaghy is the head of the Institute for Data Science at the University of Applied Sciences FHNW Northwestern Switzerland. He has been working on data systems from diverse origins for the last two decades. His primary interests are data pipelines, machine learning, and applications on very large data sets. He graduated in Computer Science at ETH Zurich, moved to the University of California, Berkeley, before joining the faculty at FHNW. %& 29 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1289 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Live and Let Die: On the Management of Creativity %A Michael Hartmann %A Désirée Laubengaier %A Kai Foerstl %K case study %K creativity %K Feedback %K Innovation management %K Qualitative Research. %X Literature has pointed to the importance of feedback on creative ideas in innovation management processes. However, little is known about the practices that constitute the feedback process and their effect on employees’ future willingness to consistently and recurrently contribute with creative ideas to organized innovation management efforts. In this research, we draw on data from a single case study at a German multinational manufacturing firm. We show the flip side of managerial attempts to provide feedback and foster employees’ creative output. In particular, we identify distinct practices organizational actors employ along the sequence of idea generation, elaboration, championing, and implementation, and find that the practices can turn organized innovation management efforts into a political process. Furthermore, we present a virtuous and a vicious circle of managerial attempts to manage creativity in innovation processes. In doing so, we highlight the value of taking a practice lens to better understand the challenges in organized innovation management efforts and propose future research in other contexts. We suggest that managers should flexibly design organized innovation management processes to account for radical ideas and to pay close attention to a coherent communication when providing feedback and encouraging employees to contrive creative ideas. Our work contributes to the body of research on innovation management by shedding light on the dark side of organized innovation management efforts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 16-26 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1272 %N 10 %1
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts
 
Michael Hartmann is Professor for Industrial Marketing and Sales at Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany. He received his PhD from European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Germany, where he joined the doctoral program „Dynamic Capabilitites and Relationships“. Before entering academia, he has been working in industry as a Key Account Manager and Business Unit Manager. In his teaching, he focuses on (industrial) marketing and personal selling. His research interest centers around the management and marketing of creative ideas and innovations in business-to-business settings and personal selling interactions.
%2
Politecnico di Milano
 
Désirée Laubengaier holds a Master of Science degree in Business Management from Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Germany. At present, she is pursuing her doctoral studies at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Her research interests are in the fields of innovation management, process innovation and organizational culture. She is also particularly interested in qualitative research and process studies. Her previous professional experience includes examining organizational cultural aspects of innovativeness in an industrial context.
%3
German Graduate School of Management and Law
 
Kai Foerstl (Dr. rer. pol. habil., EBS Business School) is Professor of Supply Chain Management and Logistics at German Graduate School of Management and Law, Heilbronn. In his research and teaching he focuses on cross-functional supply chain teams, reshoring/insourcing and sustainable global sourcing. He has been involved in publicly funded and industrial research projects in the pharmaceutical, chemical, automotive and automation industries as well as research projects involving logistics service providers and international retailers. His research has been published in leading outlets such as Journals of Supply Chain Management, Journal of Business Ethics, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, and other scholarly and managerial outlets such as Supply Chain Management Review. He serves on numerous editorial review boards as associate editor and reviewer.
%& 16 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1272 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T A Management Innovation Approach to Project Planning %A Haven Allahar %K innovation %K management innovation %K management innovation tools %K scenario planning %K strategic foresight %X Innovation is viewed as indispensable to the economic and social development of countries, and the subject has been widely researched. The initial research focused on the development of new products and services by firms applying technological initiatives. The concept has expanded to cover many domains and features of innovation that led to innovation in non-technological areas, currently referred to as “management innovation”. Many tools were developed by management specialists and gurus such as strategic planning, vision and mission statements, benchmarking, customer-satisfaction measurement, and outsourcing to target performance improvements in firms. The output of this article is a project development planning model that integrates management innovation tools related to the field of project planning as a novel approach tested by a consulting firm over several applications. The article has implications for managers, consultants, and professionals involved in the design, planning, and implementation of a varied range of development projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 4-13 %8 06/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1245 %N 6 %1 University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago Haven Allahar has served for over 25 years as an Adjunct Lecturer in entrepreneurship and innovation, and a coach of MBA teams’ capstone projects at the Arthur Lok Jack Global School of Business of the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Haven has a wide academic and specialized training background in Economics (BSc, Jamaica), Entrepreneurship and Management (MA and DBA, US), Industrial Project Planning, Financing, and Management (UK and Poland). Haven served for over 40 years in senior management and CEO positions in companies involved in project planning and management, SME development, and urban development. Haven, along with two partners, owned and operated for 15 years a consulting firm that provided project planning, design, and management services to a variety of clients in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean. Haven’s research interests are in broad areas of business and management, and his publications are available at Academia.edu or ResearchGate. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1245 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Mastering the Digital Transformation Process: Business Practices and Lessons Learned %A Lucija Ivančić %A Vesna Bosilj Vukšić %A Mario Spremić %K case study %K change management %K digital business %K digital model %K digital transformation %K digital transformation model %K digitization %K human capital %K Innovation management %K talent management %X Due to its unique features and accessibility, the focus of implementing digital technology is no longer just to improve internal operations, but to expand internal dimensions, reach customers and external partners, affect services, integrate processes, disrupt markets, and fundamentally change industries. It is no surprise that the notion of digital transformation has garnered much research interest, especially from the practitioners’ point of view, but academic achievements are somehow lagging behind, possibly because frameworks for digital transformation are still evolving. In this article, we tried to address that gap by conducting holistic research of digital transformation in companies. We used a series of in-depth interviews to inform comprehensive case studies of three companies from different industries that are in different stages of digital transformation. We carefully investigated the companies’ experiences in the process of digital transformation, which are discussed here to provide valid theoretical framing. We conclude that, in addition to technology adoption, important factors for successful digital transformation are the ability of an organization to change and operational excellence in the integration of external digital services with internal IT support. In that light, we summarize our findings in a form of discovered (sub)dimensions that are the basis for the proposed digital transformation framing, while the narratives and case experiences provide with examples of best practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 36-50 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1217 %N 2 %1 University of Zagreb Lucija Ivančić is a Teaching and Research Assistant in Business Computing, Business Process Management, and Data Management, and a PhD candidate in the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Her current research interests lie in business process modelling and management, IT management, data management, and digital transformation, and at the intersection of these fields. She received two Dean’s awards for previous papers on discrete-event simulation modelling and information systems auditing. %2 University of Zagreb Vesna Bosilj Vukšić is a Professor of Business Process Management and Business Computing in the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Economics and Business, at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Her current research interests are in modelling and the management of business processes, information systems development, and digital transformation. Vesna has a teaching experience in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. She participates actively in research within the framework of the Ministry of Science and Technology’s scientific projects, and is a member of international scientific research projects. She is a member of editorial boards and a reviewer of international scientific journals. %3 University of Zagreb Mario Spremić is a Professor of ICT Governance and Digital Business in the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. His current research interests are in digital transformation, digital technologies, ICT governance, cybersecurity, and IT auditing. Mario is teaching on these topics at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, including some international engagements including as a guest lecturer at Imperial College London. He is a member of editorial boards and a reviewer of international scientific journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1217 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Multidimensional Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence Innovation %A Sergey A. Yablonsky %K Advanced Analytics %K AI maturity %K AI value chain %K Artificial Intelligence (AI) %K big data %K enterprise platform %K innovation %X This is a critical time for the development and adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The field has existed since the 1950s and is only now emerging as viable for commercial markets. Many enterprises are placing bets on AI that will determine their future. Today AI innovation becomes useful when it enriches decision-making that is enhanced by applying Big Data (BD) and Advanced Analytics (AA), with some element of human interaction using digital platforms. This research investigates an opportunity for cross-fertilization between AI, BD, and AA with related disciplines. The paper aims to investigate the potential relationship of AI, BD, and AA with digital business platforms. In doing so, it develops a multidimensional BD-driven AI innovation taxonomy framework with an AA/BD/AA innovation value chain, related levels of BD, and analytics maturity improvement. This framework can be used with a focus on data-driven human-machine relationships, and applying AI at different levels of data driven automation maturity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 16-28 %8 12/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1288 %N 12 %1 St. Petersburg State University Sergey Yablonsky, PhD in computer science, is an Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University in St. Petersburg, Russia. Author of more than 200+ publications. Co-creator of the Russian WordNet and the Russicon language processor, and linguistic resources licensed by Adobe Systems Incorporated, Phoenix Int. (USA), Franklin Electronic Publishers (USA) etc. Engaged in 35 national and international research projects in Russia, and across Europe. Research interests include Digital Economy, Digital Business and Entrepreneurship; Multisided Platforms and Markets; Artificial Intelligence, Digital marketing; Big Data Governance; Computer linguistics and text mining; Semantic and Social Web. Courses taught: Data Governance (Bachelor Program); Digital marketing (Bachelor Program); Digital Commerce (Bachelor Program); Digital Business (Master Program); Smart Business Transformation in the Digital Age (CEMS Block Seminar); Multi-Sided Platforms and Innovation in a Global Era (CEMS Block Seminar); Digital Economy (EMBA). Visiting professor at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business) in Austria, Stockholm Business School, Stockholm university in Sweden, Aalto University in Finland, Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, Hame University of Applied Sciences in Finland. %& 16 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1288 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Navigating Boundaries in Additive Manufacturing through Action Research %A Katharina Ruckstuhl %A Rafaela C. C. Rabello %A Sally Davenport %K action research %K critical orientation %K innovation %K science %K SfTI %K transformative praxis %X Action research – both as praxis but also from a critical orientation – can elaborate modes of action, identifying the borders and margins that act as both the productive spaces for collaboration as well as the fuzzy areas that require reflection and clarification. In this exploratory case study, action research is used to follow an additive manufacturing project team in real time as it navigates fuzzy areas to integrate knowledge to produce commercializable science innovation in one of New Zealand’s National Science Challenges (NSC): Science for Technological Innovation – Kia Kotahi Mai: Te Ao Pūtaiao me Te Ao Hangarau (SfTI). Through action research as praxis and as critical orientation, we have identified key mechanisms in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research for commercialization, particularly in the context of New Zealand’s indigenous Māori people. Our preliminary analysis indicates that an explicit understanding of the fuzzy spaces can help teams find creative and collaborative means to navigate the productive but challenging “interstices of disciplines” (Mengis et al., 2018) to produce science innovation and discoveries and to galvanize relationships with industry and Māori participants. The findings also indicate that action research can promote structural, relational, and knowledge changes within teams, helping them solve complex problems in real time. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 7-16 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1229 %N 4 %1 University of Otago Katharina Ruckstuhl is an Associate Dean at the Otago Business School, University of Otago, New Zealand. She also holds a PhD from Otago. Dr Ruckstuhl co-leads the “Building New Zealand’s Innovation Capacity” social science research of the National Science Challenge, Science for Technological Innovation. She is also the Vision Mātauranga (Māori knowledge) leader, a “Theme” that crosses all of the Challenge’s research activities. She has published in the areas of: Māori language; resource extraction in Māori territories; Māori entrepreneurship in SMEs; Indigenous science and technology; and Indigenous knowledge. %2 University of Otago Rafaela C. C. Rabello holds a PhD in Social Investment in the oil and gas sector and a Master’s degree in Education, awarded with distinction by the University of Otago, New Zealand. Rafaela also holds a BA in Psychology from the University Center of Brasilia, Brazil. Rafaela has worked within the fields of corporate social responsibility – in the oil and gas sector – and education for more than 10 years. She has published in the areas of: corporate social responsibility; social investment in the oil and gas sector; higher education and good teaching and effective learning methodologies in higher education. %3 Victoria University of Wellington Sally Davenport is a Professor of Management at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Sally is the Director of the New Zealand National Science Challenge “Science for Technological Innovation” (SfTI). Sally’s academic life began as a research chemist, but she now has research interests covering the commercialization of scientific research, entrepreneurship and the growth of high-tech firms, innovation strategy, and policy. Sally has previously led major research projects on competitive advantage in New Zealand firms, into organizations, and networks in biotechnology. Sally is a Commissioner with the New Zealand Productivity Commission and is also an Adjunct Professor in the College of Business and Economics at the Australian National University, a Fellow of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management, and a member of Global Women. In 2018, she was made a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for her services to science. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1229 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Open Data and Open Source Enabling Smart City Development: A Case Study in Häme Region %A Jari Jussila %A Joni Kukkamäki %A Mikko Mäntyneva %A Juuso Heinisuo %K Smart city, %X Open data offers possibilities to accelerate both innovations and co-creation activities in cities and regions. Likewise, open source software development is an efficient way to create new services. Open data can be used to promote better information sharing and offers various opportunities for third-party developers. Co-creation improves the commitment of different stakeholders and ensures that the created solutions are based on real needs. For these reasons, it is only logical that these two themes are linked together in smart city activities. This paper presents a practical open data and co-creation development made in the region of Häme, Finland. This paper contributes to smart cities research by describing the development of two smart city services: the Tavastia Events API and "Hämeenlinna in pocket" smartphone application. It describes strategies that facilitate beneficial participation and collaboration in smart city open data initiatives. Based on Linked Events, an open source solution developed for the city of Helsinki, modification and implementation were made to create a centralized and open service, to collect and publish event-related data via an application programming interface (API) in the Häme region. A smartphone application was then developed, making use of the developed Events API and other data sources, to provide citizens with the most common digital services, and a platform for digital participation in Häme. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 26-35 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1266 %N 9 %1
Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)
Dr. Jari Jussila holds a PhD degree in Information and Knowledge Management from Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2015). Currently he is working as Principal Research Scientist at HAMK Smart Research Unit. His research is currently focused on knowledge management, business intelligence, social media, big social data analytics, and health informatics. 
%2
Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)
Mr. Joni Kukkamäki is a Research Manager in the HAMK Smart Research Unit. He runs the DISP (Digital Solutions & Platforms) team whose role is to provide technology-based research & development activities for the needs of HAMK Research and also for industry. Focus areas for the team are software development, Internet of Things, game engines, and data analytics. Kukkamäki holds a Bachelor of Business Administration (IT) degree and is currently working for his M.Sc (Computer Science) at Tampere University.
%3

Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)

Dr. Mikko Mäntyneva holds a PhD degree in Strategic Management from Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2004). Currently he is the Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on smart services, innovation management, knowledge management, and customer relationship management. He has authored several scientific articles as well as six books on various management topics.

Dr. Juuso Heinisuo holds a PhD degree from the Faculty of Business and Built Environment of Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2013). Currently he is the Strategy Manager for the City of Hämeenlinna. His work is currently focused on knowledge management, ecosystems, data analytics, strategy, and urban planning. His works have been recognized in such international communities as TED. 
Acknowledgments 
The financial support from the Regional Council of Häme is gratefully acknowledged.
%4
City of Hämeenlinna
Dr. Juuso Heinisuo holds a PhD degree from the Faculty of Business and Built Environment of Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2013). Currently he is the Strategy Manager for the City of Hämeenlinna. His work is currently focused on knowledge management, ecosystems, data analytics, strategy, and urban planning. His works have been recognized in such international communities as TED. 
 
%& 26 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1266 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Open Strategy in a Smart City %A Suvi Einola %A Marko Kohtamäki %A Harri Hietikko %X To attract new companies and a talented workforce in a way that increases income streams, cities are searching for strategic capabilities by using a variety of strategic practices. The present study participates in the theoretical debate between micro- and macro-strategizing by focusing on the interplay between the city organization and its institutional environment. As such, the study elucidates the open strategy process used in the strategy work of a medium-sized city in Finland. To make the strategy work open and encourage citizens’ participation, the city decided to utilize crowdsourcing as a tool that was part of a broader strategy process to develop a city strategy in a participative manner. The present study analyzes the responses of almost 2000 citizens who addressed the role of an open strategy in developing a smart city. The study contributes by depicting how the open strategy was utilized in practice and what types of outcomes it produced. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 36-44 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1267 %N 9 %1
University of Vaasa
D.Sc. (Admin) Suvi Einola is Assistant Professor at the University of Vaasa. She acts as a program manager of the Master’s Programme in Strategic Business Development. Before joining academia, she worked in the public sector for fifteen years, holding managerial, training, and development responsibilities. In her research, Einola focuses on strategic practices and servitization challenges both in public and private organizations. Her articles have been published in journals and books focused on both the public sector and industrial marketing.
 
%2
University of Vaasa
D.Sc. (Econ) Marko Kohtamäki is Professor of Strategy and Director of the ‘Strategic Business Development’ (SBD) research group at the University of Vaasa. Professor Kohtamäki is also an Adjunct Professor at the University of South-Eastern Norway (USN). He takes special interest in industrial service business or servitization, strategic practices, and business intelligence in technology companies. He has published in several distinguished international journals, such as Strategic Management Journal, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, and Industrial Marketing Management, among others.
 
%3

City of Vaasa

D.Sc. (Admin) Harri Hietikko is Development Manager at the City of Vaasa and a published author of several works. He has written crime fiction, nonfiction and plays that have been performed on several theater stages. In 2008, Hietikko received his doctorate from the University of Tampere on the subject “Power, Leadership, Destruction and Hope in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings.” In 2010, a Finnish publisher launched Hietikko’s nonfiction work Management by Sauron – The Lord of the Rings Guide to Leadership, a guidebook on the practicalities of working life and leadership skills that draws on the characters and events of Tolkien’s famous novel. In 2018, this work was also published in Germany by Franz Vahlen.

%& 36 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1267 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Q&A. What Can Action Research Learn from Business Environment Analysis? %A Bengt Wahlström %K action research %K business environment analysis %K consultancy %K consultants %K organizations %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 74-80 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1242 %N 5 %1 Mälardalen University Bengt Wahlström is a doctoral candidate at Mälardalen University in Sweden, where he holds a Licentiate of Philosophy degree. He is also a consultant and an author and has for decades been one of the leading experts in Scandinavia within innovation, business environment analysis, and future strategy. Every year, he meets with thousands of participants to hold discussions, seminars, and training programmes on these issues. His numerous books have sold over 60,000 copies, have won awards in Sweden and abroad, and have been translated into many languages. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1242 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Scientific Excellence in Participatory and Action Research: Part I. Rethinking Research Quality %A Erik Lindhult %K action research %K participatory research %K quality %X A core impetus of participatory and action research is making science relevant and useful for solving pressing problems and improving social conditions, and enabling stakeholders to participate in research and development processes. There are claims in the community of participatory and action research of the potential for heightened scientific excellence, but at the same time, there are critiques in the mainstream community that more engaged, even activist, stances threaten scientific norms or that position these type of research approaches outside the field of science, for example, as issues of application. In the search of clarification of the scientific identity and the specific qualities of participatory and action research, scholars have been moving away from and sometimes have rejected traditional conceptions of quality. This leads to confusion about how to relate to the discourse on research quality and scientific excellence in mainstream science. Integration in this discourse is important in order to attain academic legitimation in prevailing institutions of science, for example, in applications for funding, in seeking to publish research, and in the acceptance of dissertations based on participatory and action research. The purpose of this article is to contribute to this integration by reconstructing the way traditional quality concepts – validity, reliability, and objectivity – can be fruitfully used in expanded frameworks for quality where scientific excellence of participatory and action approaches are visible and where mainstream science approaches also can be harboured. In this conceptual article, reconstruction of understanding of scientific inquiry is first made based on a praxis-oriented epistemology inspired by pragmatism. Through rethinking truth as trustworthiness, new proposals for the conceptualization and frames for research quality and scientific excellence are introduced. Second, a framework for understanding purpose in science and its basis in validity, reliability, and the core characteristics of participatory and action research is developed. Third, the turn to action, practice, and participation enables plural ways of knowing and ways that knowledge claims can be validated and made trustworthy. The article concludes that participatory and action research offers a broader landscape of purpose and validation than more traditional approaches to science. In a subsequent article, reliability and objectivity, and their use in participatory and action research, will be clarified. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 6-21 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1237 %N 5 %1 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult (PhD) is a Senior Lecturer in Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Mälardalen University in Sweden. He received his doctoral degree in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, in the area of Scandinavian dialogue democratic approach to innovation and action research. His main area of research is participatory, collaborative, and democratic innovation and change management, as well as entrepreneurship for a sustainable development of society. His research interests also involve collaborative research methodologies, including action research and interactive research. He has been involved in a wide range of collaborative R&D projects in the private, public, and cooperative sectors, in areas such as organizational development, incubator and science park development, service innovation, societal entrepreneurship, sustainable innovation, and school development. He is a board member of the Swedish Participatory Action Research Society (SPARC) and the Swedish Interactive Research Association (SIRA), as well as an expert advisor to the EU SWAFS Horizon 2020 research committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1237 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Scientific Excellence in Participatory and Action Research: Part II. Rethinking Objectivity and Reliability %A Erik Lindhult %K action research %K objectivity %K participatory research %K reliability %X The purpose of this article is to deal with the following question: Can the concepts of reliability and objectivity be reconceptualized and reappropriated to enable understanding of scientific excellence in participatory and action research? The article shows that it is fruitful to consider the “subjective” and active role of researchers as vital in enabling scientific objectivity and reliability. As an expansion from a replication logic, reliability can be conceptualized as adaptive, goal-seeking, dynamically regulated processes enabled by effective organization of interactive and participatory learning processes where all participants can contribute to learning and correction in inquiry. Instead of erasing subjectivity, objectivity can be enabled by critical subjectivity, intersubjectivity, practical wisdom, impartial norms of inquiry, and open democratic dialogue. Reliability and objectivity in this understanding can be enabled by participatory and action research through skilful performance of research practices such as reflective conversations between parties, dialogue conferences, experimentation, and experiential learning as part of action-research cycles, etc., which are common in participatory and action research initiatives and projects. By rethinking validity, reliability, and objectivity, recognizing the substantially more active and participatory stances enables scientific excellence, it can expand the repertoire of strategies for promoting research quality, and it helps to mainstream this type of approach in the scientific community. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 22-33 %8 05/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1238 %N 5 %1 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult (PhD) is a Senior Lecturer in Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Mälardalen University in Sweden. He received his doctoral degree in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, in the area of Scandinavian dialogue democratic approach to innovation and action research. His main area of research is participatory, collaborative, and democratic innovation and change management, as well as entrepreneurship for a sustainable development of society. His research interests also involve collaborative research methodologies, including action research and interactive research. He has been involved in a wide range of collaborative R&D projects in the private, public, and cooperative sectors, in areas such as organizational development, incubator and science park development, service innovation, societal entrepreneurship, sustainable innovation, and school development. He is a board member of the Swedish Participatory Action Research Society (SPARC) and the Swedish Interactive Research Association (SIRA), as well as an expert advisor to the EU SWAFS Horizon 2020 research committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1238 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The SDG-Check: Guiding Open Innovation towards Sustainable Development Goals %A Justus von Geibler %A Julius Piwowar %A Annika Greven %K fuzzy front end of innovation %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K SDG-Check %K sustainability assessments %K sustainability inspiration %K sustainable development goals %X The “fuzzy front end” of innovation is argued to be crucial for the success and sustainability impact of a final product. Indeed, it is a promising area of focus in efforts to achieve the United Nations’ 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which provide a globally accepted framework for sustainability. However, the usability of the 17 goals and the large number of sub-goals represent barriers to innovation practitioners. Moreover, this early innovation stage proves to be a challenge for corporate practitioners and innovators, largely due to the concept’s intangible, qualitative nature and the lack of data. To help overcome these barriers, this article proposes a four-stage approach for structuring the innovation process using an online tool called the “SDG-Check”, which help assess an innovator’s sustainability orientation in the early phases of product and service development. It is a semi-quantitative tool to gather and combine assessments by experts involved in innovation processes with implications for the United Nations’ SDGs. Furthermore, this article presents our first experiences in applying the SDG-Check based on three living lab innovation cases. The results indicate that the tools can support and inspire a dialogue with internal and external stakeholders with regards to sustainability considerations in the early design stages of product and service development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 20-37 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1222 %N 3 %1 University of Wuppertal Justus von Geibler co-leads the research unit Innovation Labs in the Division of Sustainable Production and Consumption at the Wuppertal Institute in Germany. Based on more than 20 years of professional experience in sustainable assessment and innovation, his research focuses on sustainability standards, sustainability innovations in value chains, open innovation in companies, and living labs. He coordinates the collaboration between the Wuppertal Institute and Climate-KIC. He holds a PhD in Economic Geography from the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, a Master’s in Forest Sciences from the University of Göttingen, Germany, and a Master’s in Environmental Management and Policy from the University of Lund, Sweden. He has taught natural resource management, sustainability in global value chains, and sustainable supply chain management at Leuphana University Lüneburg, the University of Wuppertal, and the Said Business School at Oxford University, and he is the author of several books and over 100 scientific publications. %2 University of Wuppertal Julius Piwowar is a Research Fellow at the Wuppertal Institute in Germany with a double degree in Sustainability Management from the University of Oldenburg, Germany, and in Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability from the University of Karlskrona, Sweden. His research focuses on user experience design and living lab services. %3 University of Wuppertal Annika Greven studied industrial design engineering (BEng) at Fontys University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands and strategic innovation in products and services (MA) at the University of Wuppertal, Germany. Her Master’s thesis pointed out needs, potentials, and holistic design concepts in order to provide SMEs with a framework that methodologically helps them to develop a socially and ecologically sustainable business model. As a research fellow at the Wuppertal Institute, she is working with living lab services and sustainable business model design. Furthermore, she is working in a startup for sustainable fashion and as a freelancer in the field of design. Her research focuses on strategic innovation, product design, user-centred design, design thinking, business model design, and sustainability. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1222 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Smart Mobility: Services, Platforms and Ecosystems %A Jukka Pulkkinen %A Jari Jussila %A Atte Partanen %A Igor Trotskii %A Aki Laiho %X In this study, we provide novel insight into building and managing growth in a new emerging market: the operation and maintenance of a heterogeneous and expanding vehicle fleet in a smart city environment. There are several different types of players in this emerging market and a dominant player is still missing. Based on our empirical findings, we identified three key characteristics of a growing business and the ability to reach a leading position: 1) co-creation through resource integration and service exchange is preferable for responding to market demands; 2) a digital platform is critical to create the necessary knowledge for resource integration and service exchange; and 3) smart services glue the ecosystem and platform together and create the outcome that solves the defined business problem. Most importantly, all three elements—ecosystem, platform and smart services—create a uniform environment in which to grow the business in a new emerging market. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 15-25 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1265 %N 9 %1
Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK) 
Dr. Jukka Pulkkinen holds a PhD degree in control engineering from Helsinki University of Technology. Currently, he acts as a principal research scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on strategic business management, digital servitization and service development, especially in industry and smart city environments. Before his academic career, he had a long career in various leadership positions in a global industrial company, leading the service business, the EMEA sales region and a global business unit.
%2
Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)
Dr. Jari Jussila holds a PhD degree in information and knowledge management from Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2015). Currently he acts as a principal research scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on knowledge management, business intelligence, social media, big social data analytics, and health informatics. His work has been published in international journals such as IEEE Access, Computers in Human Behavior, Industrial Management & Data Systems, the International Journal of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Research & Practice.
%3

Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)

Atte Partanen holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical and automation engineering from Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK, 2017). He works as a project engineer in many projects focused on the Internet of Things, data management and information systems at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on information and data management systems. His work on information systems and smart cities has been published in journals.

%4
Igor Trotskii graduated from Häme University of Applied Sciences with a degree in electrical and automation engineering. He works as a project engineer with responsibilities in data analysis, and the design and implementation of data-driven applications. 
 
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Rolan Oy

Dr. Aki Laiho holds a PhD degree from the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of Aalto University. He is a partner at Rolan Oy, which operates and maintains a shared-mobility vehicle fleet. 

%& 15 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1265 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Status and Future of Action Research: An Interview with Professor David Coghlan %A David Coghlan %A Erik Lindhult %K action research %K David Coghlan %K insider action research %K interiority %K interview %K reflection %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 42-49 %8 06/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1248 %N 6 %1 Trinity College David Coghlan is Professor Emeritus at the Trinity Business School, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, and is a Fellow Emeritus of the College. He specializes in organization development and action research and participates actively in the both communities internationally. He has published over 180 articles and book chapters. Recent books include: Doing Action Research in Your Own Organization (5th ed. Sage: London, 2019); Conducting Action Research for Business and Management Students (with Rami Shani, Sage: London, 2018), Inside Organizations (Sage: London, 2016). He is co-editor (with Mary Brydon-Miller) of the SAGE Encyclopedia of Action Research and (with Rami Shani) of the four-volume sets, Fundamentals of Organization Development (Sage: London, 2010) and Action Research in Business and Management (Sage: London, 2016). He is a member of the editorial advisory board of several journals, including Action Research, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Action Learning: Research and Practice, Systemic Practice and Action Research, and OD Review. %2 Mälardalen University Erik Lindhult (PhD) is a Senior Lecturer in Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Mälardalen University in Sweden. He received his doctoral degree in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, in the area of Scandinavian dialogue democratic approach to innovation and action research. His main area of research is participatory, collaborative, and democratic innovation and change management, as well as entrepreneurship for a sustainable development of society. His research interests also involve collaborative research methodologies, including action research and interactive research. He has been involved in a wide range of collaborative R&D projects in the private, public, and cooperative sectors, in areas such as organizational development, incubator and science park development, service innovation, societal entrepreneurship, sustainable innovation, and school development. He is a board member of the Swedish Participatory Action Research Society (SPARC) and the Swedish Interactive Research Association (SIRA), as well as an expert advisor to the EU SWAFS Horizon 2020 research committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1248 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T The Strategies of Technology Startups Within and Between Business Ecosystems %A Taina Tukiainen %A Thommie Burström %A Martin Lindell %K boundaries %K business ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K startups %K strategy %X Technology startups build strategies in order to survive within the framework of business ecosystems. However, the knowledge required to make such strategies effective is scarce. This article poses the question: “How do small technology startups strategize within and between business ecosystems?” Based on an explorative qualitative study, this article defines and presents a dynamic strategic framework of three strategies employed by technology startups. Some startups choose to act within one defined business ecosystem, most startups use a multi-ecosystem strategy to act between and draw benefits from many business ecosystems, and the rest act as ecosystem creators that challenge the logics of existing ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 25-41 %8 06/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1247 %N 6 %1 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is Professor of Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Aalto University in Finland. She is also a Cabinet Member of the First Vice President of the EU Committee of the Regions. She has worked for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation and over 15 years globally in universities. Her research interests are entrepreneurship, innovation, strategy, and technology management. Her doctoral dissertation is titled The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and her latest related books are The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014) and The Regional Innovation Ecosystems (2016). She has published in Organization Science and MIT Sloan Management Review and has a wide international network. %2 Hanken School of Economics Thommie Burström is Rettig Capital Assistant Professor of Management and Organisation at Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. His academic interests are in projects, entrepreneurship, business ecosystems, and platform management. Thommie has published papers in, for example, the International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. %3 Hanken School of Economics Martin Lindell is Professor Emeritus in Entrepreneurship and Management at Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. His research interests are in entrepreneurship, creativity, innovation, strategy, and leadership. He has published in many international journals including, among others, Leadership Quarterly, Scandinavian Journal of Management, International Strategic Management and Organization, Journal of Small Business Management, and European Management Journal. He has a wide international network and has been an active member in several international research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1247 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Strategy-as-Process in a Technology Venture: A Case Study of Pivots, Pauses, Partners, and Progress %A Andrew G. Earle %A Michael J. Merenda %A J. Matthew Davis %K innovation systems %K managing critical junctures and transitions %K process research %K technology commercialization %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technology commercialization is an often nonlinear process that tends to pass through various “stages” or “phases” as a venture attempts to shepherd a technology from the laboratory to marketplace. Between these phases are “junctures” or “transitions” that present particular challenges for entrepreneurs as they often comprise fundamental changes to the venture instead of simply scaled versions of previous challenges. In this study, we use a participant-observer methodology to deeply explore how a technology venture in the renewable energy sector negotiated these transitions. Our findings highlight the development of a “repertoire” of tools entrepreneurs can use to help successfully negotiate these transitions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 9-19 %8 01/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1208 %N 1 %1 University of New Hampshire Andrew Earle is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship in the Paul College of Business and Economics at the University of New Hampshire in the United States. His research interests grow out of a long-held fascination with the transformational power of new technologies. The core of his research program is developing new ways of understanding how technologies move from initial invention to marketable products and how this process affects and informs the strategies of participating organizations. %2 University of New Hampshire Michael J. Merenda is a Professor of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship in the Paul College of Business and Economics at the University of New Hampshire in the United States. His focus is on problem-solving, critical inquiry, and strategic thinking as it applies to strategic management and entrepreneurial education. %3 University of New Hampshire J. Matthew Davis is an Associate Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of New Hampshire in the United States. His research focuses on hydrology and water resources. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1208 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Towards a Smart City Concept in Small Cities %A Heikki Ruohomaa %A Vesa Salminen %A Iivari Kunttu %X The smart city concept brings together technology, government and different layers of society, utilizing technological enablers, such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). These enablers, in turn, facilitate development of various aspects of the smart city including, e.g., transportation, governance, education, safety and communications. However, the transition towards smarter cities involves not only technological development but also the changing and evolving roles of citizens, service providers and city authorities. In this transition, the key issue is creating and growing roles of collaboration, participation and coordination. Whereas mainstream research focuses on smart city transformation in big cities, aspects of this transformation in the context of small cities has been a widely neglected topic. This paper presents three cases of smart city development in small cities in Finland, each concentrating on a different aspect of smart city development. The cases reveal how a relatively small-sized city may take remarkable steps in smart city development by selecting a specific theme on which to build smart city activities. These examples also emphasize the critical role of public sector actors, showing that the public sector has a key role in creating the foundations for fruitful ecosystem-based development work. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-14 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1264 %N 9 %1
Häme University of Applied Science
Mr. Heikki Ruohomaa is currently as research manager in the HAMK Smart Research Centre at Häme University of Applied Science. He is involved with various research activities, education and industrial implementation. His areas of expertise include ecosystem-based development, circular economy and Industry 4.0. He has also worked actively for regional development.
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Häme University of Applied Science
Dr. Vesa Salminen is currently acting as research director in the HAMK Smart Research Centre at Häme University of Applied Sciences. He is involved with various research activities, education and industrial implementation. His areas of expertise include innovation leadership, the data-to-service process, industrial service business, competence management and strategic management of business transitions. He previously worked as industrial professor at Lappeenranta University of Technology and spent two years as senior research scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Boston. He has over 25 years’ industrial experience, which includes being managing director of Spiral Business Services Corp., technology expert at Technology Industries of Finland, and marketing/sales/project expert at Valmet Corp. Salminen has published over 200 refereed journal articles, book chapters and conference articles, e.g., through Springer Publishing, Elsevier Publishing, Intech Media, IEEE Publishing, ASME Publishing, IST Publishing and IGI Global Publishing.
%3

Häme University of Applied Science

Dr. Iivari Kunttu holds a PhD degree in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2005), and a PhD degree in Economics (management) from the University of Vaasa, Finland (2017). Currently he acts as Principal Research Scientist in Häme University of Applied Sciences. In 2012-2017, he held an Assistant Professor position in Department of Management at the University of Vaasa. He has also held several R&D Manager and R&D process development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation, and project manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D and innovation management, data analysis, business development, as well as digital services. His works have been published in such international journals as Pattern Recognition Letters, Machine Vision Applications, Optical Engineering, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Annals of Long-term Care, Technovation, Industry and Innovation, and Technology Innovation Management Review.

%& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1264 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Towards a Taxonomy of E-Commerce: Characterizing Content Creator-based Business Models %A Martin D. Mileros %A Nicolette Lakemond %A Robert Forchheimer %K consumer-to-business %K Content creator-based business models %K content creators %K e-commerce %K human-centered data economy %K intellectual commerce %K multisided platforms %K personal data %K social commerce %K user-generated content %X Currently, new business models can be observed in content creator-based e-commerce. The research on e-commerce has grown rapidly and new concepts have emerged such as social commerce, platforms, and user-generated content. However, no overarching perspective has yet been formulated for distinguishing new content creator-based business models within e-commerce. The aim of this paper is therefore to characterize content creator-based business models by formulating a taxonomy of e-commerce based on a structured literature review of the concepts mentioned above. The results of our study point toward eight types of content creator-based business models. Our paper outlines theoretical and practical implications for the emerging phenomenon of content creator-based business, which we refer to as intellectual commerce. In addition, we describe 19 concepts related to Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and e-commerce. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 62-74 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1276 %N 10 %1

Linköping University, Research Institutes of Sweden

Martin D. Mileros is a third year industrial PhD student at Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) and Linköping University in Linköping, Sweden. The research mainly concerns value of personal data within a human-centered data economy. Martin has a MSc degree in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering, a MSc degree in Computer Science and a Bachelor degree in Business Administration.

 

%2
Linköping University

Nicolette Lakemond is Professor in Industrial Management at Linköping University, Sweden. She holds a PhD from Linköping University. Her research focuses on innovation and management challenges related to increasingly complex intelligent products and systems. This includes the organization of innovation, collaboration and knowledge integration, innovation in ecosystems, technology platforms and applications and innovation as recombination in new types of systems architectures. The research conducted is focused on unravelling future management challenges by research approaches that build on the tight connection between technology and management. She has previously performed research on innovation in complex and inter-organizational settings, including buyer-supplier collaboration and customers’ role in the knowledge supply chain of innovation, inter-firm collaboration in digitalization projects, and knowledge integration in open innovation. Her research has been published in among others Industrial Marketing Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, Technovation, R&D Management, Creativity and Innovation Management, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, and Research Technology Management.

 

%3
Linköping University
 
Robert Forchheimer is Professor Emeritus at Linköping University, Sweden. He graduated with a MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm in 1972 and received his doctoral degree from Linköping University in 1979. His research areas have included telecommunication and signal processing. Today, his interests cover various aspects of the use of digital services with respect to safety and integrity.
%& 62 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1276 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Uncovering Research Streams in the Data Economy Using Text Mining Algorithms %A Can Azkan %A Markus Spiekermann %A Henry Goecke %K big data %K Data Economy %K Data Ecosystem %K Data Market %K digital economy %K digital transformation %K literature review %K Network Graph %K Text Mining. %X Data-driven business models arise in different social and industrial sectors, while new sensors and devices are breaking down the barriers for disruptive ideas and digitally transforming established solutions. This paper aims at providing insights about emerging topics in the data economy that are related to companies’ innovation potential. The paper uses text mining supported by systematic literature review to automatize the extraction and analysis of beneficial insights for both scientists and practitioners that would not be possible by a manual literature review. By doing so, we were able to analyze 860 scientific publications resulting in an overview of the research field of data economy and innovation. Nine clusters and their key topics are identified, analyzed as well as visualized, as we uncover research streams in the paper. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 62-74 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1284 %N 11 %1
Fraunhofer Institute 
 
Can Azkan is a scientist and PhD candidate at the Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST in Germany. He studied Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Dortmund and the San Diego State University, while he gained practical experience in the field of industrial engineering and digital business models in machine und plant engineering. His research at Fraunhofer ISST focuses on value co-creation in emerging data ecosystems and the management of data as a corporate asset.
%2
Fraunhofer Institute
 
Markus Spiekermann currently works as Head of Department "Data Business" at the Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering in Dortmund, Germany. He leads research projects and is active in several related advisory boards. His main research focuses on the topics of data engineering and data management, alongside on the valuation of data assets especially within data ecosystems. Before his time at Fraunhofer, he worked as IT-Professional and Software Engineer from 2008 to 2016. He obtained his Bachelor and Master of Science degree in the field of information systems with a focus on IT Management at the FOM University of Applied Sciences in Essen.
%3
German Economic Institute
Since 2017 Dr. Henry Goecke has been head of the Research Group "Big Data Analytics" at the German Economic Institute. Previously he worked at the German Economic Institute as scientific assistant of the Director, at the IW Consult as Senior Economist, at the TU Dortmund University as research and teaching assistant as well as lecturer at the University of Cologne and the Hochschule Fresenius. He studied Economics at the TU Dortmund University, Strathclyde University of Glasgow, and the Leuphana University of Lüneburg. His research interests are on the impact of social media, artificial intelligence, big data, and data economy.
%& 62 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1284 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Understanding Digital Innovation from a Layered Architectural Perspective %A Jesper Lund %A Esbjörn Ebbesson %K collaborative innovation %K concept development %K digital innovation %K digital technology %K innovation process %X Managing successful digital innovation processes is a challenging task, especially when it involves heterogeneous actors with different sets of knowledge. By gaining a better understanding of how different architectural layers of digital technology interplay with digital innovation, we can be better prepared for managing the complex and messy processes that often arise when working with digital innovation. In this article, we therefore ask: How does the layered architecture of digital technology interplay with digital innovation processes? A case study approach was selected to studied events involving multiple actors in an innovation and development project called the Smart Lock project. The theoretical basis for our study is digital innovation from the perspective of knowledge exchange and relationships. A temporal bracketing strategy was used to support a process analysis of the case data. The article primarily contributes to the body of research concerning digital innovation and provides an example to practitioners of how digital innovation processes can be coordinated and managed based on the innovation at hand. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 51-63 %8 02/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1218 %N 2 %1 Halmstad University Jesper Lund is an Assistant Professor in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden. His research interest is primarily focused on user-centered and collaborative digital design and innovation. This includes areas such as user studies, design, and evaluation of digital products and services. Most of his studies have been focusing on open and user-centered digital innovation processes within the newspaper and the health technology industries. He is currently engaged in research concerning digital innovation connected to smart cities and communities. His research has been published in a wide array of conferences and journals within the fields of information systems, human-computer interaction, and open and user-driven innovation. %2 Halmstad University Esbjörn Ebbesson is a Lecturer in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden. Most of his research has revolved around collaborative or participatory design of digital services within the e-health or news industry sectors. His research has focused on distributed and face-to-face collaborative design processes, but also on understanding the underlying mechanics of the digital platforms that act as the foundation for the digital services that have been designed. He is currently engaged in research concerning digital services as a support for healthier lifestyles in the intersection of sport psychology and informatics. His research has been published in a wide array of conferences within the fields of information systems and human-computer interaction. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1218 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T A University Business School as an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Hub %A Haven Allahar %A Ron Sookram %K entrepreneurial ecosystems %K entrepreneurial university %K entrepreneurship education %K quadruple helix %K triple helix %K university business incubation %X This article assesses the progress of a business school toward achieving the status of an entrepreneurial ecosystem hub with emphasis on the components related to entrepreneurial universities, entrepreneurship education, university business incubators, and university-enterprise-government-civil society collaboration. The objective of a business school serving as an entrepreneurial ecosystem hub, is to stimulate economic development, generate employment, and create innovative technology-based ventures or service businesses. These components are discussed from theoretical and practical viewpoints in order to provide greater understanding of the concepts. An insider action research assessment of the university-affiliated business school was conducted to gauge the progress made in building an embryonic entrepreneurial ecosystem centered upon a business school as a hub. Emphasis is placed on the need to develop strong collaboration among key stakeholders for achieving success in building an effective entrepreneurial ecosystem based on a quadruple helix system, consistent with the lead-in quotation to the article. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 15-25 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1280 %N 11 %1
University of the West Indies

Haven Allahar has served for over 25 years as an adjunct lecturer in entrepreneurship and innovation, and a coach of MBA teams’ capstone projects at the Arthur Lok Jack Global School of Business of the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Haven has a wide academic and specialized training background in Economics (B. Sc. - Jamaica), Entrepreneurship and Management (M. A. and DBA – US); Industrial Project Planning, Financing, and Management (UK and Poland).  Haven served for over 40 years in senior management and CEO positions in companies involved in developing and managing an energy-based industrial park, SME development, urban development, and project planning and management. Haven, along with two partners, owned and operated for 15 years a consulting firm that provided project planning, design, and management services to a variety of clients in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean. Haven’s research interests are in broad areas of business, management, and economic development issues. His publications are available at Academia.edu and ResearchGate.

%2
University of the West Indies 
 

Ron Sookram is Director, Client Solutions and Director, Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility at the Arthur Lok Jack Global School of Business, The University of the West Indies (UWI-ALJGSB), Trinidad and Tobago. Ron serves also as the School’s Resident Consultant on Corporate Governance-related projects and in this capacity leads governance interventions and designs customized governance training for boards of private and publicly-listed companies, state-owned enterprises, civil society organizations and credit unions. Ron has published peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on corporate governance, corporate responsibility and cultural history. Ron has collaborated with Haven on publishing journal articles on MBA studies, entrepreneurial universities, and management research. Ron is an alumnus of the University of the West Indies where he obtained a B. A., MPhil, and Ph. D.

 
%& 15 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1280 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Urban Living Labs: Towards an Integrated Understanding of their Key Components %A Diana Chronéer %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %K definition %K innovation %K key components %K Living lab %K nature-based solutions %K NBS %K ULL %K UNaLab %K urban living lab %X In today’s ongoing urbanization and escalating climate change, there is an increasing demand on cities to be innovative and inclusive to handle these emerging issues. As an answer to these challenges, and in order to generate and adopt sustainable innovations and nature-based solutions in the urban areas, the concept of urban living labs has emerged. However, to date, there is confusion concerning the concept of the urban living lab and its key components. Some interpret the urban living lab as an approach, others as a single project, and some as a specific place – and some just do not know. In order to unravel this complexity and better understand this concept, we sought to identify the key components of an urban living lab by discussing the perspective of city representatives in the context of an urban living lab project. To achieve this goal, we reviewed previous literature on this topic and carried out two workshops with city representatives, followed by an open-ended questionnaire. In this article, we identify and discuss seven key components of an urban living lab: governance and management structure; financing models; urban context; nature-based solutions; partners and users (including citizens); approach; and ICT and infrastructure. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the urban living lab concept. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 50-62 %8 03/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1224 %N 3 %1 Luleå University of Technology Diana Chronéer is an Associate Professor in the Information Systems department at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. She teaches organizational development through IT and sustainable business models from a digital perspective. Her main research interests are in the areas of digital service innovation, business model development, information logistics, and project management. %2 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is the Chair Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research interests focus on the possibilities and challenges with the ongoing digital transformation for people, organizations, and society. In particular, she is interested in the citizen perspective when digital service innovations are developed within the context of urban living labs for smart cities and regions. Her research is related to different application areas such as smart cities and regions, crowdsourcing, everyday use, and online privacy. Her research has been published in several international journals, conference proceedings, and books. %3 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab context, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has experience teaching and supervising students at the undergraduate and postgraduate level and also serves as a reviewer in various international conferences and scientific journals. He has been involved in international innovation and research projects such as Privacy Flag and USEMP projects and is currently working in UNaLab and U4IoT projects, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1224 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Using Action Research to Organize Technology Transfer in Complex Innovation Contexts %A Armando Machevo Ussivane %A Paul Ellwood %K action research %K agricultural innovation %K boundaries %K international collaboration %K technology transfer %X Technology transfer projects increasingly consist of multiple, diverse organizations, with each pursuing their own agenda as well as that of the overarching programme. In this article, we adopt a participatory action research methodology in order to explain and improve the coordination of the autonomous innovation activities within an organizationally complex project. The context of the research involved the transfer of rice production technology from China to Mozambique. The action research identified four categories of boundary within the project that were hindering performance: Intellectual/Land property rights; Public/Private sector logics; Inside/Outside programme; and Collaboration/Competition between programme actors. The process of co-inquiry with stakeholders enabled by the action research allowed programme actors to reach an understanding of others, and it created a new thinking space for mutual problem solving. By these means, the action research process makes a resource of the differences between stakeholders rather than it being seen as a barrier to be compromised through negotiation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 17-26 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1230 %N 4 %1 RBL Armando Machevo Ussivane is the Chairman of RBL, E.P – a Mozambique Government agency in charge of the management of the Baixo Limpopo Irrigation Scheme. The objectives of this scheme are food security and poverty alleviation through improved agricultural productivity. His career includes 18 years of experience in the management of agriculture development projects. His research interests lie within the areas of inter-organizational collaboration including partnerships and technology transfer in cross-cultural agriculture contexts. Armando holds a Doctorate in Business Administration from the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. %2 University of Liverpool Paul Ellwood is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Liverpool. His research interests are broadly in the area of science-led innovation and include technology transfer, responsible innovation, and the organization of university scientific research groups. His early career included leadership positions in a private science-based industry. Since moving to a university management school, he has become increasingly interested in issues relating to the engagement between academic research and management practice. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1230 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Women Managers and Entrepreneurs and Digitalization: On the Verge of a New Era or a Nervous Breakdown? %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Kaija Villman %K domestication %K family %K ICT %K technology %K wellbeing %K women %K work %X The purpose of this article is to examine how female managers and entrepreneurs are employing digital technologies in their working and private lives and what they think about digitalization. The material for the study was gathered through interviews with women in South Savo, Finland. The article builds on the theory of technology domestication, emphasizing the role of users in making a technology usable in their everyday contexts. The findings show that women experience challenges but also gain clear benefits when employing digital technologies. Among the challenges is that women are traditionally rather reserved when it comes to applying technology. Among the benefits is the practice-oriented stance of women towards digital technologies. Moreover, the rise of digital social media and its increasing importance in the working and business environments could make it easier for women to manage both work- and family-related communication. This may improve their wellbeing at work and help women towards equality at work. However, they need support in finding their digitalized career paths. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 14-24 %8 06/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1246 %N 6 %1 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC) at South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Kaija Villman, MMus in Arts Management, works as a Project Manager at the Small Business Center (SBC) at South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland. She has been working at SBC for about 8 years, participating in numerous national and international EU-funded projects in the fields of creative industries, service development, and digitalization. She is experienced in coordinating interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and training and she acted as the Project Manager for the DigiJoko - Digitalisation, women and management project. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1246 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Working with Startups? These are the Three Things You Ought to Know about Startup Teams %A Anna Brattström %K entrepreneurship %K new venture teams %K teamwork %X While much has been written about how startups work to develop their product, this paper focuses instead on how to manage the startup team. Based on a systematic review of current research, I present actionable insights about startup team characteristics; who they are, how they work, and how they stay together. I explain how these characteristics imply both opportunities and threats for the viability of the team and discuss how startup teams can be managed to increase the likelihood of their survival and growth. Given that the majority of startup failures are attributed to the team, not to the product, these insights are valuable both to aspiring entrepreneurs and to their external stakeholders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 5-14 %8 11/2019 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1279 %N 11 %1
Lund University

Anna Brattström works at Lund University, Sweden. Her research focuses on how people come together and work together in contexts such as innovative start-ups or inter-organizational R&D alliances. Her work has been published in journals such as the Academy of Management Journal, Organization Studies, Research Policy, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice and Journal of Product Innovation Management.

 

%& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1279 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T World Heritage meets Smart City in an Urban-Educational Hackathon in Rauma %A Anu Helena Suominen %A Seija Halvari %A Jari Jussila %X UNESCO World Heritage cities can become smart cities if they take into account their cultural heritage and integrate diverse actors, including universities in their innovation practices. This article addresses the hackathon as an innovation contest method in the urban and educational context. Specifically, it concentrates on hackathon design, particularly the focus of the event, as well as the outputs. Although the design plays an integral part in a hackathon, particularly in goal achievement, design has not yet been thoroughly studied in mainly descriptive hackathon research. To address the subject, this article presents a case study of a dual-focused, i.e., combined urban and educational hackathon in the City of Rauma, which has a World Heritage Old Town that aims to integrate its historical uniqueness with modern city services. As a result, the article portrays the process and outputs of a hackathon carried out with the collaboration of two higher education institutions (HEIs) and the Entrepreneur Association of Rauma. Presenting conclusions for both academics and the public sector, the article contributes to the literature on urban and educational hackathons in smart cities with a heritage context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 45-54 %8 09/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1268 %N 9 %1
Tampere University
Anu Helena Suominen, D.Sc. (Tech.), is a university teacher at Tampere University, Finland. She defended her doctoral thesis on legitimacy building in inter-organizational networks in 2017. Besides working for years in the field of research and education, Anu has several years of practical working experience in industry: in export, managing networking, and training projects. Anu is responsible for teaching four Master’s level courses in Knowledge Management, Innovation, Procurement, and Project Business Management. Her research is currently focused on hackathons for both industrial and educational purposes, knowledge sharing and integration, and innovation in inter-organizational networks.
 
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Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)
Seija Halvari, M.Sc. (Tech.) and B.Eng., is a lecturer in Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). Her research has focused on startup companies’ business model evolution and innovations. In addition, she has studied hackathons in an industrial and educational context. Seija has a strong industrial background and over a decade of experience in external and internal project management in various positions, together with experience in IT systems and business process improvement. 
 
%3

Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK)

Dr. Jari Jussila holds a PhD in Knowledge Management from Tampere University of Technology (TUT, 2015). At present, he is Principal Research Scientist at Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK). His research is currently focused on knowledge management, business intelligence, social media, big social data analytics, and health informatics. His works have been published in such international journals as Computers in Human Behavior, Industrial Management & Data Systems, International Journal of Knowledge Management, and Knowledge Management Research & Practice.

%& 45 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1268 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Additive Manufacturing and Business Models: Current Knowledge and Missing Perspectives %A Christina Öberg %A Tawfiq Shams %A Nader Asnafi %K 3D printing %K additive manufacturing %K business model %K literature review %X Additive manufacturing, that is 3D printing technology, may change the way companies operate their businesses. This article adopts a business model perspective to create an understanding of what we know about these changes. It summarizes current knowledge on additive manufacturing within management and business research, and it discusses future research directions in relation to business models for additive manufacturing. Using the scientific database Web of Science, 116 journal articles were identified. The literature review reveals that most research concerns manufacturing optimization. A more holistic view of the changes that additive manufacturing may bring about for firms is needed, as is more research on changed value propositions, and customer/sales-related issues. The article contributes to previous research by systematically summarizing additive manufacturing research in the business and management literature, and by highlighting areas for further investigation related to the business models of individual firms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 15-33 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1162 %N 6 %1 Örebro University Christina Öberg is Professor/Chair in Marketing at Örebro University in Sweden, and she is also associated with The Ratio Institute, the University of Exeter, and Leeds University. She has a background from Linköping University and Lund University and has also been a visiting scholar at Stanford University, the University of Bath, and Manchester University. Her research interests concern mergers and acquisitions, customer relationships, innovations, and new ways to pursue business including the sharing economy and effects of additive manufacturing. She has previously published in such journals as the Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, International Marketing Review, the European Journal of Marketing, and Production Planning & Control. %2 Örebro University Tawfiq Shams is a PhD candidate in Business Model Innovation (Additive Manufacturing) at Örebro University in Sweden. He works in parallel as a business consultant in the area of additive manufacturing, and his doctoral thesis deals with business model changes as the result of additive manufacturing. He holds a Master’s degree from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. %3 Örebro University Nader Asnafi is a Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Örebro University in Sweden. He has an industrial background including many years at leading positions within Volvo, Uddeholm, Sapa, and Esselte Dymo. His research interests include industrial effectiveness, product planning and realization, materials, product and production development, and manufacturing engineering and systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1162 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Approach for a Pattern-Based Development of Frugal Innovations %A Anne-Christin Lehner %A Christian Koldewey %A Jürgen Gausemeier %K business model %K emerging markets %K frugal innovations %K patterns %K products and services %X Emerging markets have become increasingly interesting for companies from industrialized countries, but the requirements in these markets differ dramatically from those in the companies’ traditional markets. New products and services are demanded – so-called frugal innovations. Since the challenges for the development of frugal innovations are often quite similar – for example, low income of the target customer, poor infrastructure, etc. – the hypothesis appears that the solutions will also be similar. In our earlier TIM Review article (Lehner & Gausemeier, 2016), we showed how solution patterns for frugal innovations can be derived. The article at hand summarizes those findings and supplements an innovation process for frugal innovation using the solution patterns. The validation based on the example of telemedical assistant systems shows the benefit of the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. The article addresses managers and engineers who plan to introduce frugal innovations, as well as university-based researchers interested in the development of frugal innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 14-27 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1149 %N 4 %1 Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA Anne-Christin Lehner (Dr.-Ing.) is employed by Hella GmbH & Co. KGaA in the field of Operations Strategy & Capacity Planning. She studied Industrial Engineering with a focus on Electrical Engineering at the University of Paderborn, Germany, and the University of Ottawa, Canada. Until 2016, Anne-Christin was a Research Associate of Professor Gausemeier at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn. Her main focus was on strategic planning and innovation management. %2 University of Paderborn Christian Koldewey (M.Sc.) is a Research Associate at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in the team strategic planning and innovation management within the working group strategic product planning and systems engineering at the chair of Professor Gausemeier. His research topics are digital service innovation, business and diversification strategy as well as business model generation. Previously, he studied Mechanical Engineering with a focus on manufacturing technology at the University of Paderborn and the Bielefeld University of Applied Science in Germany. %3 University of Paderborn Jürgen Gausemeier (Prof. Dr.-Ing.) is a Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany, and is Chairman of the Board of the Leading Edge Cluster “Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it’s OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 “Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering” and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is Initiator and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consulting company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been a member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and, since 2012, has been its Vice President. In 2014, Jürgen received the Medal of Honor from the academic society “Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Produktentstehung (WiGeP)”. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1149 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Collaboration Strategies in Innovation Ecosystems: An Empirical Study of the German Microelectronics and Photonics Industries %A Fabian Schroth %A Johann Jakob Häußermann %K business ecosystem %K collaboration %K development and innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem strategies %K knowledge ecosystem %K microelectronics %K photonics %K research %X Effective collaboration between companies and research organizations is key to successful innovation systems. Against the background of digitalization, a shift from traditional innovation systems towards innovation ecosystems can be observed. In this article, we investigate how companies operating in innovation ecosystems address the challenge of collaboration in dynamic innovation ecosystems. We focus on microelectronics and photonics in Germany as examples of knowledge- and research-intensive industries and analyze the strategies of companies to collaborate with research organizations. We explore whether and to what extent companies develop different and new strategies for collaborating with research institutions within innovation ecosystems, on the basis of which we identify two ideal types of strategies. Whereas ideal type A is aiming towards obtaining specific knowledge in order to further develop a particular technology or product (i.e., towards incremental innovation), ideal type B seeks to harness the new and full potential of innovation ecosystems (i.e., aiming at rather radical innovation). Finally, our findings contribute to a better understanding of innovation ecosystems and give managerial implications for collaborating in such systems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 4-12 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1195 %N 11 %1 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO Fabian Schroth is Senior Scientist at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO. His overall research interest is on sociotechnical innovation processes, and he is particularly interested in realizing the potential of multi-stakeholder engagement for the development of technologies and innovation. Therefore, his current projects focus on innovation in rural areas, the integration of civil society in research, development and innovation processes, and knowledge and technology transfer. He holds a doctoral degree in Sociology. In his doctoral dissertation, he developed an approach of responsible governance experiments in the field of climate politics. %2 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO and TUM School of Governance Johann Jakob Häußermann works at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany, and is currently doing his doctorate at the TUM School of Governance at the Technical University Munich. He holds a Master’s Degree in Philosophy, with minors in Politics and Economics. He works at the intersection of ethics, innovation, and technology both from a theoretical as well as practice-oriented perspective. In his PhD, he is developing an integrated concept of responsible innovation that combines the ethics of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence with companies’ corporate (digital) responsibility. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1195 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Convergent Innovation in Food through Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Societal-Scale Inclusive Growth %A Laurette Dubé %A Pan Du %A Cameron McRae %A Neha Sharma %A Srinivasan Jayaraman %A Jian-Yun Nie %K artificial intelligence %K convergent innovation %K food %K social media %K user-generated content %X Inclusive innovation has not yet reached societal scale due to a well-entrenched divide between wealth creation and social equity. Taking food as the initial test bed, we have proposed the convergent innovation model to address such challenges still facing 21st century society by bridging sectors and disciplines around an integrated goal on both sides of the social-economic divide for innovations that target wealth creation with an upfront consideration of its externalities. The convergent innovation model is empowered by two key enablers that integrate an advanced digital infrastructure with leading scientific knowledge on the drivers of human behaviour in varying contexts. This article discusses the structure, methods, and development of an artificial intelligence platform to support convergent innovation. Insights are gathered on consumer sentiment and behavioural drivers through the analysis of user-generated content on social media platforms. Empirical results show that user discussions related to marketing, consequences, and occasions are positive. Further regression modelling finds that economic consequences are a strong predictor of consumer global sentiment, but are also sensitive to both the actual price and economic awareness. This finding has important implications for inclusive growth and further emphasizes the need for affordable and accessible foods, as well as for consumer education. Challenges and opportunities inspired by the research results are discussed to inform the design, marketing, and delivery of convergent innovation products and services, while also contributing to dimensions of inclusion and economic performance for equitable health and wealth. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 49-65 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1139 %N 2 %1 McGill University Laurette Dubé is a Full Professor and holds the James McGill Chair of Consumer and Lifestyle Psychology and Marketing at the Desautels Faculty of Management of McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Her research interest bears on the study of affects and behavioural economic processes underlying consumption and lifestyle behaviour and how such knowledge can inspire more effective health and marketing communications in both real life and technology-supported media. She is the Founding Chair and Scientific Director of the McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics (MCCHE). The MCCHE was created to foster partnerships among scientists and decision makers from all sectors of society to encourage a more ambitious notion of what can be done for more effective health management and novel pathways for social and business innovation. %2 McGill University Pan Du is a Research Associate in the Department of Computer Science and Operational Research at the Université de Montréal, Canada. Before that, Pan was an Assistant Professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his PhD from the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests lie in text mining, information retrieval, machine learning, and social network analysis. He has published academic papers in various conferences and journals. He is a recipient of the 2016 “Science and Technology Progress Award” of the Chinese Institute of Electronics for his contribution to a web-scale text mining system. %3 McGill University Cameron McRae is a Senior Research Analyst at the McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics in Montreal, Canada. Since joining the centre in 2014, he has led many translational research projects to support innovation in the agricultural, food, and health sectors. Cameron has strong interdisciplinary training at the nexus of science, technology, and management, with a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacology from McGill University, a Graduate Certificate in Business Administration from John Molson School of Business, and a Master of Health Informatics from the University of Toronto. Previously, Cameron has worked in both the public and private sectors to support strategy and practice in the areas of governance, business development, and business/market intelligence related to life sciences and digital health. %4 McGill University Neha Sharma is currently pursuing her PhD at the Department of Bioresource Engineering at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. She completed her Master’s degree in Biochemical Engineering from Harcourt Butler Technical University, India. The title of her Master’s research project was “Optimization of Process parameters for Bacterial solid-state fermentation of Nattokinase to prevent myocardial infarction”, which culminated in principles of food processing, microbiology, and bioprocessing. Her Bachelor’s degree in Biotechnology is from IMS Engineering College, India, where she took various courses in molecular biology, genetic engineering, bioprocess engineering, fermentation biotechnology, food biotechnology, and environmental biotechnology, etc. In her final year, her Bachelor’s project was based on the study of plant extracts and their antimicrobial properties. %# McGill University Srinivasan Jayaraman is a Research Associate/Visiting Scholar at the Desautels Faculty of Management, at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He obtained his Bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering from Bharathidasan University, India, his MTech degree in Biomedical Engineering from SASTRA University in Thanjavur, India, and his doctorate from the School of Bioscience at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in Chennai, India. Previously, he has held roles at TCS Innovation Labs, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and INRS-EMT Canada. His research interests include human behavioural and performance modelling, ontology, ergonomics, personalized diagnosis systems, wearable devices, biosignal processing, and human-machine interfaces. In 2011, he won the MIT-TR35 young innovator award Indian edition and was recognized as one among the Top 50 most impactful social innovators (global listing) by World CSR Congress & World CSR Day at 2016. %$ Université de Montréal Jian-Yun Nie is a Professor in Computer Science at the University of Montreal, Canada, and is associated with the IVADO institute. He obtained a PhD degree from Université Joseph Fourier of Grenoble, France. He specializes in information retrieval, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence. He has been doing research in these areas for 30 years and has published many papers on these topics. He has served as general chair and PC chair for several conferences in the area of information retrieval. He is on the board of several international journals, including Information Retrieval Journal. He has been an invited researcher at several institutions (Tsinghua University, Peking University) and companies (Microsoft Research, Baidu, and Yahoo!). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1139 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Data Science as an Innovation Challenge: From Big Data to Value Proposition %A Victoria Kayser %A Bastian Nehrke %A Damir Zubovic %K analytics %K big data %K digital innovation %K idea generation %K innovation process %X Analyzing “big data” holds huge potential for generating business value. The ongoing advancement of tools and technology over recent years has created a new ecosystem full of opportunities for data-driven innovation. However, as the amount of available data rises to new heights, so too does complexity. Organizations are challenged to create the right contexts, by shaping interfaces and processes, and by asking the right questions to guide the data analysis. Lifting the innovation potential requires teaming and focus to efficiently assign available resources to the most promising initiatives. With reference to the innovation process, this article will concentrate on establishing a process for analytics projects from first ideas to realization (in most cases: a running application). The question we tackle is: what can the practical discourse on big data and analytics learn from innovation management? The insights presented in this article are built on our practical experiences in working with various clients. We will classify analytics projects as well as discuss common innovation barriers along this process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-25 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1143 %N 3 %1 Ernst and Young Victoria Kayser is a Data Scientist in Ernst & Young’s Advisory Organization. Her research is focused on the intersection of analytics and innovation management. Her PhD examined the contribution of text mining to foresight and future planning. She has worked in the fields of innovation research and strategy development as well as in the automotive sector. She holds a Master of Science degree in Information Engineering and Management. %2 Ernst and Young Bastian Nehrke is a Manager with Ernst and Young’s Advisory in Stuttgart. He specializes in developing organizational analytics capabilities and supports clients in setting up their own analytics hubs and CoEs as well as innovation and data thinking methods. He is a certified Project Manager, Business Analyst, and Requirements Engineer and studied International Management and Innovation and Technology Management in Frankfurt and Heilbronn. %3 Ernst and Young Damir Zubovic leads Ernst and Young’s Data and Analytics Practices in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria as Partner. With 15 years of professional experience in leading business intelligence, analytics and big data initiatives, he is responsible for business development, specializing in analytics applications in the automotive and life sciences sectors and in consumer and retail products. His extensive experience in the field makes him an experienced mentor who also acts as coach, lecturer, and keynote speaker. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1143 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Does Entrepreneurial Marketing Underrate Competition? %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K competition %K entrepreneurial %K environment %K marketing %K orientation %X This study aims to investigate the relationship between marketing needs and actions in entrepreneurial marketing. So doing, it explores how the entrepreneur’s interpretation of the needs that arise from the changes and opportunities in the business environment affects their actions in entrepreneurial marketing. We establish and test a set of hypotheses over a sample of 3,097 entrepreneur-led small firms from Finland. The results show that entrepreneurial perception of environmental pressure in terms of partners, customers, and competitors is linked to the marketing practices of small firms in terms of developing business relations, publicity, and offerings. That is, actions in entrepreneurial marketing depend on the entrepreneur’s ability to interpret needs based on the signals in the business environment. However, the study confirms that entrepreneurs pay less attention to competition, which affects their marketing actions, and it suggests that both research and practice of entrepreneurial marketing should pay more regard to competition. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-27 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1183 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Pellervo Economic Research & Aalto University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1183 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Dynamics of Knowledge Sharing in the Biotechnology Industry: An Indian Perspective %A Tripurasundari Joshi %K absorptive capacity %K biotechnology %K India %K knowledge sharing %K tacit knowledge %X The role of biotechnology in providing an alternate, more productive approach to new drug development is well accepted globally. Multinational pharmaceutical companies have begun outsourcing product development and its clinical validation to biotechnology firms in India. The sector in India has also witnessed the entry of startups in various phases of the drug development value chain. Technological innovation is a key growth driver in the “bio pharma” vertical in recognition of which numerous alliances are seen in the sector in India. These alliances have put in place a structure for technological learning to happen, which is necessary for innovation. However, the nature of knowledge in biotechnology, in large measure, is both tacit and complex. Such knowledge is difficult to transfer. At the same time, transferability of knowledge is critical to developing technological capability, which in turn can facilitate the technological innovations that are crucial for the growth of the sector in India. The current research is motivated by the question of how the firms in this sector deal with this paradox. An exploratory approach is adopted to understand the practices of knowledge sharing as well as its perceived impediments at the firm level in the Indian context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-15 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1129 %N 1 %1 Nirma University Tripurasundari Joshi is an Assistant Professor in the marketing area at the Institute of Management at Nirma University in Ahmedabad, India. She holds postgraduate qualifications in science and business administration. She has 13 years of corporate experience in business development, corporate planning, and management consultancy in the managerial cadre. She has carried out numerous research and business advisory assignments for large corporate clients. She has also worked on technology status and technology market assessment studies for the Government of India, and she has executed several projects funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. She has received grants for working on social projects sponsored by national institutes of repute such as the Indian Space Research Organization. Since 1999, she has been involved as a full-time core faculty member in the Marketing area of Business Management and has been active in institution-building activities in various academic administrative capacities. She has authored several books, monographs and technical notes and has presented and published research at national and international conferences. She has also visited universities and industry associations in Australia, China, Singapore, and Hong Kong for research and business interactions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1129 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Frugal Innovation (April 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Deepak S. Gupta %A Mokter Hossain %K development processes %K emerging markets %K frugal innovation %K grassroots %K healthcare %K inclusion %K internationalization %K patterns %K SMEs %K sustainability %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-5 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1147 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Centennial College Deepak S. Gupta is the Executive Director for Applied Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Services at Centennial College in Toronto, Canada. Previously, Dr. Gupta has worked at NAIT, Pella Corporation, and at the University of South Florida. He has co-founded two companies, and advised several others. Dr. Gupta has a Bachelor of Technology (Honors) degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His masters’ and doctoral degrees in Chemical Engineering are from Washington University in St. Louis. He has co-authored 31 publications, including papers, technical reports, conference proceedings, and a book chapter. His research contributions range from composites processing to smart sensors to new control algorithms. Dr. Gupta is a professional engineer, and a member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (senior member status), Sigma Xi, Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, and Tau Beta Pi. %3 Aalborg University Mokter Hossain is an Assistant Professor at the Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Denmark, and he a Visiting Scholar at the Institute of Strategy and Venturing in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Finland. He was a post-doctoral researcher at Imperial College London and at Aalto University after graduating with a Doctor of Science degree in Technology and Knowledge Management in 2016 from Aalto University. His research interests include innovation, strategy, and entrepreneurship. He has published over 35 journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers on a range of research topics, including open innovation, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, frugal innovation, reverse innovation, grassroots innovation, and business model innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1147 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Inclusive Innovation in Developed Countries (February 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A R. Sandra Schillo %A Louise Earl %A Jeff Kinder %K biotechnology %K convergent innovation %K food security %K inclusive growth %K inclusive innovation %K maker spaces %K Open innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-6 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1134 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 University of Ottawa R. Sandra Schillo is an Assistant Professor in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Canada, and an affiliate of the Institute for Science, Society and Policy at the University of Ottawa. Prof. Schillo’s research investigates systems aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship in her academic work and places emphasis on contributions to practice. Prof. Schillo holds a PhD in management from the University of Kiel, Germany, and a Master’s (Diplom) in engineering management from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. %3 Statistics Canada Louise Earl is a Section Chief in the Investment, Science and Technology Division at Statistics Canada has been active in the measurement and analysis of science, technology and innovation since 2000. Louise holds a Master of Arts from Queen’s University, Kingston and a Bachelor of Arts degree with first class honours from the University of New Brunswick. Louise is a vice chair of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators. She is actively involved in the soon to be concluded revision of the OECD’s Oslo Manual, Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. She contributed to the Frascati Manual 2015, Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Development revision. She is the co-editor of National Innovation, Indicators and Policy (2006, Edward Elgar) and is the author of chapters in Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector: First Steps (2003, OECD). Her analytical works at Statistics Canada on topics such as impacts of science, technology and innovation; organization and technological change in the public and private sectors; indicators of growth firms; knowledge management practices; household e-commerce; and wage gaps have been published in the Canadian Economic Observer, Perspectives on Labour and Income, Services Indicators, Health Reports, Focus on Culture, and various working papers series. %4 Institute on Governance Jeff Kinder, Director of Innovation at the Institute on Governance has almost 30 years of experience in government science, technology and innovation policy in the US and Canada. His US experience includes the National Science Foundation, the National Academies and the Naval Research Laboratory. In Canada, Jeff has worked at Industry Canada, Natural Resources Canada and the Council of Science and Technology Advisors. In 2014, he supported the External Advisory Group on Federal S&T (the Knox Panel). Most recently, he led the Federal Science and Technology Secretariat supporting the Minister of Science, the Deputy Minister Champion for Federal S&T and related initiatives. He is now on interchange with the Institute on Governance where he leads the ASPIRE Innovation Collaboratory. At the University of Ottawa, Jeff is a Fellow of the Institute for Science, Society and Policy and an adjunct professor at the Telfer School of Management. He is author and co-editor with Paul Dufour of A Lantern on the Bow: A History of the Science Council of Canada (forthcoming from Invenire), author of Government Science 2020: Re-thinking Public Science in a Networked Age and co-author with Bruce Doern of Strategic Science in the Public Interest: Canada’s Government Laboratories and Science-Based Agencies (U. Toronto Press, 2007). He holds a PhD in public policy, a Master’s in science, technology, and public policy, and a BS in physics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1134 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India (January 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Punit Saurabh %K emerging markets %K entrepreneurship %K India %K innovation %K rural %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1128 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Nirma University Punit Saurabh is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management & Entrepreneurship at Nirma University’s Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, India. Previously, he was a senior faculty member at the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Development (ICECD) in Ahmedabad, India. Punit received his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, in the domain of innovation and entrepreneurship development. He has hands-on experience in managing government innovation and entrepreneurship funding programs and is also involved with the academic aspects of entrepreneurship. His research interests include innovation management and entrepreneurship development, and he has varied experience in product funding and commercialization. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1128 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Innovation Management (July 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K corporate incubators %K entrepreneurial ecosystems %K innovation capacity %K innovation ecosystems %K Innovation management %K ISPIM %K KPIs %K living labs %K middle managers %K topic modelling %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1166 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1166 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Innovation Strategy and Practice (November 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K best practice %K collaboration %K creativity %K cybersecurity %K framework %K information security %K innovation %K innovation ecosystems %K maturity model %K method %K model %K practice %K research %K research institutions %K strategy %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-3 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1194 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1194 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (June 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K 3D printing %K additive manufacturing %K Amazon %K boundary spanning %K business models %K civic innovation %K culture %K entrepreneurship %K innovation integrators %K knowledge transfer %K living labs %K sociotechnical systems %K startup %K university–industry collaboration %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1160 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1160 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (March 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K analytics %K big data %K business models %K closed innovation %K ecosystems %K emerging economies %K innovation %K internationalization %K Internet of Things %K Open innovation %K technology startups %K value creation %K value propositions %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1141 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1141 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (May 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K business models %K co-creation %K drop out %K entrepreneurship %K facilitation %K innovation %K internationalization %K lean global startups %K living labs %K services %K servitization %K stakeholders %K users %K value propositions %K value-in-use %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1154 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1154 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (October 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K customer foresight %K data analysis %K data mining %K design thinking %K digital platforms %K industry–academia collaboration %K machine learning %K market entry %K Open innovation %K service design %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-4 %8 10/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1188 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1188 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Insights (September 2018) %A Chris McPhee %K commercialization %K emerging economies %K entrepreneurial marketing %K export %K globalization %K lean %K partnerships %K transnational entrepreneurship %K trust %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-3 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1181 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1181 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Living Labs (December 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Mika Westerlund %A Eelko Huizingh %K analysis %K constructs %K cultural space %K definition %K ENoLL %K framework %K innovation %K ISPIM %K lean startup %K library %K living labs %K methodology %K stakeholder %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-6 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1200 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Pellervo Economic Research, Aalto University, and Carleton University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# University of Groningen Eelko Huizingh is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management and Director of the Innovation Centre of Expertise Vinci at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is founder of Huizingh Academic Development, offering workshops academic research and academic writing to increase the publishing performance of academics. He is also the Director of Scientific Affairs for the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). His academic research focuses on the intersection of innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing, and information technology. He has authored over 350 articles, has edited more than 30 special issues of journals, and has published several textbooks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1200 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Transdisciplinary Innovation (August 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Martin Bliemel %A Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer %K innovation %K interdisciplinary %K learning %K multidisciplinary %K practice %K transdisciplinarity %K transdisciplinary %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-6 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1173 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 University of Technology Sydney Martin Bliemel is the Director of the Diploma in Innovation at the new Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Martin holds a BSc (Mechanical Engineering) and MBA from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and a PhD in Business from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada. His research interests include entrepreneurial networks, accelerators, education, research commercialization, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and the entrepreneurial university. His research has been published in several prestigious journals including Nature Nanotechnology, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Education+Training, the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, and the Entrepreneurship Research Journal, where one of his articles on entrepreneurship education is the journal’s most downloaded article. Martin is a recipient of the nationally competitive Office of Learning and Teaching Citation. %3 University of Technology Sydney Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia. Her research interests span the fields of human-centred design, systemic design, and public and social sector innovation. As a lecturer, she is responsible for coordinating part of the transdisciplinary degree Bachelor of Creative Intelligence and Innovation. Mieke holds a Master of Science degree in Industrial Design Engineering from Delft University of Technology and a PhD on the topic of user-centred design from the University of Twente, both in the Netherlands. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1173 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Exploring the Transdisciplinary Learning Experiences of Innovation Professionals %A Mariana Zafeirakopoulos %A Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer %K emotion %K experience %K learning %K professional %K transdisciplinary %X Transdisciplinary innovation inherently involves learning how to integrate disciplines towards exploring a problem or towards developing a solution or technology. Thus, transdisciplinary innovation and transdisciplinary learning are practically interchangeable. Although transdisciplinary learning has been studied and experimented with in educational research, the understanding of it in a professional context is limited. We therefore aim our research at addressing this question of how people shift their practice towards other disciplines to address complex issues. We chose to focus on a particularly challenging context – the shift from positivist to non-positivist learning across the career of transdisciplinary innovators when addressing complex problems. What makes this context challenging is that the siloed and heavily specialized nature of working within a disciplinary construct discourages collaboration on real-world complex problems. This context is also challenging because the analytic focus from positivist disciplines results in a reductionist approach, which limits an innovator’s ability to explore problems holistically and abductively. An understanding of the learning experiences of practitioners in these contexts will inform the identification of relevant variables and attributes that encourage innovative learning for ultimately innovative practice. This identification might help us develop better support and education for innovation professionals who want to adopt transdisciplinary practices for the purposes of addressing complex problems. In this article, we discuss the results of a series of in-depth interviews to understand the learning experiences of design innovation practitioners who experienced a shift away from positivist approaches towards transdisciplinary innovation practice. We explore the research approach undertaken to study the motivations and drivers, the emotions experienced during the shift, and the implementation and dissemination of the new learning into professional practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 50-59 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1178 %N 8 %1 University of Technology Sydney Mariana Zafeirakopoulos is a Senior Strategic Design Practitioner at the University of Technology Sydney’s Design Innovation Research Centre/Designing Out Crime Research Centre and freelance Intelligence Capability Advisor in Sydney, Australia. Mariana is currently pursuing her PhD exploring how intelligence analysis approaches can be enhanced by design innovation and transdisciplinary approaches to address complex social problems such as radicalization. Mariana holds a Master’s degree in Public Policy and Social Sciences (War Studies) from King’s College London, a Bachelors in Law from the University of New South Wales, and a Bachelor in Arts (Government and International Relations, and Asian Studies) from the University of Sydney. %2 University of Technology Sydney Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia. Her research interests span the fields of human-centred design, systemic design, and public and social sector innovation. As a lecturer, she is responsible for coordinating part of the transdisciplinary degree Bachelor of Creative Intelligence and Innovation. Mieke holds a Master of Science degree in Industrial Design Engineering from Delft University of Technology and a PhD on the topic of user-centred design from the University of Twente, both in the Netherlands. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1178 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Exploring the Use of Stakeholder Analysis Methodology in the Establishment of a Living Lab %A Marius Imset %A Per Haavardtun %A Marius Stian Tannum %K action research %K autonomous vessels %K living labs %K management %K maritime %K Open innovation %K quadruple helix %K stakeholder analysis %X This article explores how to conduct a cost-effective stakeholder analysis to investigate opportunities and interest in establishing a living lab for an autonomous ferry connection. Using an action research approach, we share our experiences with the process and results, and we reflect openly on the strengths and weaknesses of both the stakeholder methodology generally as well as our own implementation specifically. According to the cyclic nature of action research and experiential learning, the research was conducted in two iterations, with the second iteration drawing upon input from the first. We compare and discuss these two approaches in terms of costs and benefits from a practitioner’s perspective. The article provides a contribution to stakeholder analysis methodology for complex, multi-stakeholder innovation initiatives, such as living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 26-39 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1203 %N 12 %1 University of South-Eastern Norway Marius Imset is an Associate Professor in Product Design at the University of South-Eastern Norway. He has more than twenty years of experience in management of and participation in industrial and academic R&D projects. His expertise is in product design, innovation management, and organizational change. In the maritime industry, he conducts research in the field of human factors with a special focus on cognitive situation assessment and decision making. %2 University of South-Eastern Norway Per Haavardtun is an Assistant Professor in the Maritime Institute of the University of South-Eastern Norway. He has expertise in maritime operations with respect to deck officers in accordance with the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). He also has expertise in cost accounting, business development, innovation, and entrepreneurship. He currently studies human factors in automated and autonomous maritime vessels. %3 University of South-Eastern Norway Marius Tannum is an Assistant Professor in the field of Maritime Electronics and Automation at the University of South-Eastern Norway. He received his Master’s degree in Electrical Power Systems from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology with a focus on power electronics and control. Marius has more than 12 years of industry work experience with R&D related to electrical power converters and as the Head of R&D for a start-up company in the field of automation. His main interest is now maritime power and autonomous systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1203 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Framework for Field Testing in Living Lab Innovation Projects %A Lynn Coorevits %A Annabel Georges %A Dimitri Schuurman %K context research %K field test %K living labs %K testing %K user innovation %X Within innovation research and, more specifically, living lab projects, a crucial component is to test an innovation in a real-life context with potential end users. Such a field test can validate assumptions by combining insights on behaviour and attitudes towards the innovation. This allows for iterative tailoring of the innovation to the needs and wants of the potential end users. Moreover, relevant insights can be gathered to stop or rescope the innovation project before big investments are made. Although studies indicate that testing innovations (or prototypes) in real-life contexts improves the innovation process, there is no specific framework on how to conduct a field test for an innovation. This is important because, in living lab field tests, users are actively involved in co-creating the solutions, which impacts the operational side of setting up living lab projects. Therefore, within this article, we propose a framework for field testing based on the degree to which it reflects reality and the stage within the living lab process. We distinguish four types of field tests: concept, mock-up, pilot, and go2market field test. Based on this framework, we propose some practical guidelines for setting up living lab field tests. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 40-50 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1204 %N 12 %1 imec.livinglabs Lynn Coorevits is an Innovation Manager at imec.livinglabs, where she is responsible for tools and methodologies that improve testing in living labs. She is also affiliated to the imec-mict-ugent department Ghent University in Belgium as a Senior User Researcher. She holds master degrees in Psychology and Marketing Analysis from Ghent University and has over 10 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %2 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is a User Specialist at imec.livinglabs. Within this “living-lab-as-a-service” she conducts user research to structurally support innovation development for SMEs. Next to this, she is also involved in several smart city projects. Her main research topics are drop-out and user engagement within field tests and working on the processes of current living lab practices. Annabel holds a Master in Communication Sciences degree with a specialization in New Media and Society at Ghent University. %3 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1204 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T From Closed to Open Innovation in Emerging Economies: Evidence from the Chemical Industry in Brazil %A Elisa Thomas %K collaboration %K emerging economy %K intermediary %K Open innovation %K R&D %X In this article, we examine how firms in an emerging economy perform research and development (R&D) activities in regards to the concept of open innovation. Most literature on open innovation shows multinational knowledge-intensive firms with well-established R&D processes mainly in developed countries. Searching for management contributions for firms in emerging economies, we qualitatively analyzed two chemical firms in Southern Brazil that have different profiles and are representative samples of typical firms in the region. Our results show that firms did not fully exploit the potential benefits brought by open innovation, even when complete opening was not the main goal. The firms were similar concerning interactions with partners and stages where relationships occur. The generation of ideas was an open activity performed both by firms and by clients, and interactions with universities were getting stronger. On the other hand, intellectual property has not been used as means of profiting from innovation activities. Our main finding refers to the internal mediation of relationships with partners. R&D teams rarely contact external organizations directly; instead, they leave such interactions to other departments within their firms. Relationships with clients are mediated through technical and commercial departments, and interactions with suppliers are intermediated by the supply staff. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 26-37 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1144 %N 3 %1 University of Stavanger Elisa Thomas is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Centre for Innovation Research at the University of Stavanger in Norway. Previously she has worked as a teacher, a course coordinator, and a student’s supervisor at Unisinos University in Brazil. Elisa completed her PhD at the Business School at Unisinos University, having spent one year at the University of Southampton for empirical research in the United Kingdom. Her research focusses on open innovation, innovation intermediaries, university–industry partnerships and the role of universities in innovation systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1144 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T From Importing Innovations to Co-Producing Them: Transdisciplinary Approaches to the Development of Online Land Management Tools %A Alex Baumber %A Graciela Metternicht %A Peter Ampt %A Rebecca Cross %A Emily Berry %K adaptive %K co-production %K collaboration %K decision-support %K innovation %K land management %K tools %K transdisciplinary %X While traditional approaches to innovation diffusion often assume that innovations come from outside a local system, transdisciplinary co-production offers an alternative paradigm in which local stakeholders are engaged as co-producers of innovations. The use of digital online tools for agriculture, conservation, and citizen science is an area of expanding opportunities, but landholders are often dependent on tools developed outside their local communities. This article looks at the potential for transdisciplinary co-production to be used as a framework for more participatory development of digital online land management tools, with a case study from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. This research has implications beyond rural land management to other industries and contexts where reflexive and integrative strategies are needed to overcome barriers to stakeholder participation and engagement with new technologies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-26 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1175 %N 8 %1 University of Technology Sydney Alex Baumber is a Scholarly Teaching Fellow in the Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. He has undertaken collaborative research on a range of rural sustainability issues, including revegetation, bioenergy, agroforestry, wildlife management, and carbon accounting. Research grants include projects on Landholder Collaboration (NSW Environmental Trust), Low Carbon Tourism (CRC for Low-Carbon Living 2013–2015), Optimising Revegetation Management for Regent Honeyeater Recovery (NSW Environmental Trust 2013–2016), the Central Tablelands Agroforestry Bioenergy Project (RIRDC and DAFF 2010–12), and the Barrier Ranges Sustainable Wildlife Enterprise Trial (RIRDC 2006–2009). %2 University of New South Wales Graciela Metternicht is a Professor in the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. She has expertise and experience in land degradation assessment and monitoring, ecosystem-based approaches to land use planning, and sustainable development. Her prior and current work includes working with UN Environment, the UNCCD, and as a reviewer of major reports of the Convention of Biological Diversity and of the State of the Environment Australia Report 2016. Metternicht has experience in leading multi-stakeholder, multi-sectoral projects in environmental assessment and management, including the Collaborative Planning Support Tools for Optimising Farming Systems (funded by the Australian Research Council). %3 University of Sydney Peter Ampt is a Lecturer in Natural Resource Management and Extension at the University of Sydney, Australia. He has expertise in participatory research, which seeks to integrate production and conservation, including as a lead investigator for the project Landholder Collaboration for Landscape-scale Conservation (NSW Environmental Trust 2016–18). His roles include manager of the Future of Australia’s Threatened Ecosystems (FATE) program and steering committee member for the Communities in Landscapes (CiL) project, which aimed at improving the management of Box Gum grassy woodlands under the Australian Government’s Caring for Our Country program. Ampt’s track record includes participatory research projects such as the Central Tablelands Agroforestry Bioenergy Project (RIRDC and DAFF 2010–12) and the Barrier Ranges Sustainable Wildlife Enterprise Trial (RIRDC 2006–2009). %4 University of Sydney Rebecca Cross is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has led the development of participatory social research methodology for the Landholder Collaboration project (NSW Environmental Trust) and has worked on several projects including Communities in Landscapes (CiL) (funded by Caring for Our Country, 2010–2012) and Mining and Biodiversity Offsetting in Agricultural Landscapes in Mudgee, NSW and the Burdekin, QLD (UNSW, 2014). %# University of New South Wales Emily Berry provided support for social research and coordination of the project Landholder Collaboration for Landscape-scale Conservation (NSW Environmental Trust 2016–18). She holds a Master of Philosophy degree in Environmental Management from the University of New South Wales and has also undertaken research into landholder perceptions of land degradation in the Far West NSW, private land conservation in NSW, and cultural land management in the NSW Central Tablelands. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1175 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T From Organizations to Organizational Fields: The Evolution of Civic Innovation Ecosystems %A Matthew Claudel %K city %K civic technology %K innovation policy %K innovation systems %K Living lab %X Contemporary approaches to urban technology emphasize local “innovation ecosystems”. Two organizational models – living labs and innovation integrators – are commonly used as hubs to broker these ecosystems. Curiously, both coexist in some cities, allowing a comparison of their impact and an analysis of their development over time and in context. The case studies presented in this article suggest that our analytical frameworks for technology policy may fall short, in that they contemplate only the organizations themselves – the living labs or innovation integrators. The dynamics observed in each city are well articulated, however, in the sociotechnical systems literature. The hub can be understood as a “niche”, which fosters radical innovations and new processes. As these prototypes are increasingly deployed and accepted, there is a regime shift, ultimately creating an experimentalist culture that fills the role previously held by the hub. This conclusion is neither a challenge to ecosystem theory nor a critique of innovation policy and its implementation. Rather, I suggest that we must extend these theoretical frameworks, drawing on sociotechnical systems literature to better account for institutions and for systems change as we design policy for urban technology. This article therefore makes a contribution by using a sociotechnical systems lens to explain the evolution of local urban innovation ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 34-47 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1163 %N 6 %1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Matthew Claudel is a PhD candidate in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and he is also affiliated with the MIT Lab for Innovation Science & Policy and the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence. Matthew is a Co-Founder of MIT designX, where he is the Head of Civic Innovation. He is also the co-author of two books: Open Source Architecture and The City of Tomorrow. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1163 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Frugal or Fair? The Unfulfilled Promises of Frugal Innovation %A Mario Pansera %K frugal innovation %K inclusive innovation %K scarcity %K social justice %X Frugal innovation has become a popular buzzword among management and business scholars. However, despite its popularity, I argue that the frugal innovation literature, in its present form, is problematic for at least two reasons. First, the frugal innovation literature assumes that scarcity is a normal condition of the “Global South”. In this article, I show that this assumption neglects the fact that scarcity can be socially constructed to deny certain social sectors the access to resources essential for their flourishing. Second, despite all the good intentions underpinning the idea of “alleviating poverty”, frugal innovation studies rarely challenge, or even discuss, the causes of destitution and social exclusion. Innovation, as well as technology, is overwhelmingly framed in an agnostic and neutral way that sidelines the socio-economic complexity of the exclusion mechanisms that cause poverty and underdevelopment. By ignoring this, the frugal innovation literature risks limiting the understanding of the problems it seeks to solve and, most importantly, it risks limiting its impact. Most frugal innovation literature, in other words, seems to elude the fact that, rather than being a mere lack of resources or technology, poverty is a matter of social justice. In order to be empowering, technology has to be value-based, normative framed, socially controlled, and democratically debated. In this article, I propose that we should use these principles to develop a new wave of frugal innovation literature and practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 6-13 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1148 %N 4 %1 University of Bristol Mario Pansera is a Research Fellow at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. He gained a PhD in Management from the University of Exeter Business School in the United Kingdom. His dissertation focused on the discourses of innovation and development with a particular interest for the Global South. He joined the University of Bristol after completing a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Post-Doctoral fellowship at the Academy of Business in Society in Brussels. His primary research interests are responsible research and innovation, sustainable and ecological transition, and the critique of the development discourse and growth. He is also particularly interested in the dynamics of innovation in emerging economies, appropriate technologies, grassroots, and social innovations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1148 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Gender-Specific Constraints on Academic Entrepreneurship and Engagement in Knowledge and Technology Transfer %A Anna Sinell %A Roda Müller-Wieland %A Antonia Muschner %K academic entrepreneurship %K academic spin-offs %K gender %K qualitative study %K research-based companies %X This article analyzes gender-specific constraints impacting scientists’ engagement in knowledge and technology transfer and entrepreneurial activities at public research institutions in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To this end, we followed an exploratory case study approach and conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 40 academic entrepreneurs. The analysis revealed constraints impacting scientists’ active engagement in transfer and entrepreneurship on two levels. On the meta-level, we identified constraints related to: i) nationwide transfer culture and ii) funding guidelines and structures. On the operational level, we identified constraints related to: i) organizational strategies and practices; ii) organizational culture; and iii) individual attributes and attitudes. By analyzing gender differences among these constraints, the study contributes to an understanding of varying needs for gender-specific founding support programs. The study also derives several implications for managing transfer at research organizations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 15-26 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1136 %N 2 %1 Fraunhofer IAO Anna Sinell is a Senior Scientist at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focus lies on knowledge and technology transfer, especially with regards to the analysis of academic entrepreneurship. She recently completed her PhD dissertation on the topic of “Strategies for Fostering Academic Entrepreneurship” at Technische Universität Berlin. Through her interdisciplinary studies of psychology and engineering, she gained multiple competencies in fields of empirical testing methods and techniques. %2 Fraunhofer IAO Roda Müller-Wieland is a Research Assistant at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on the analysis of organizational culture, change and innovation processes, as well as on academic entrepreneurship in the context of knowledge and technology transfer. In her research, gender equality is taken into account as a cross-cutting theme. She holds an MSc in Psychology from Stellenbosch University in South Africa and the University of Hamburg, Germany, through which she gained multiple competencies in qualitative research methods and techniques. %3 Fraunhofer IAO Antonia Muschner is a Research Assistant at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on various aspects of knowledge and technology transfer such as academic entrepreneurship, university–industry cooperation, and new formats of collaboration in innovation ecosystems. Furthermore, she was involved in projects looking at gender equality in German academia. She holds an MA in Sociology of Technology and has studied both sociology and cultural studies with a focus on qualitative research methods, sustainable innovation, and entrepreneurship in Berlin, Frankfurt/Oder, and Warsaw. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1136 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T How Doctoral Students and Graduates Can Facilitate Boundary Spanning between Academia and Industry %A Leena Kunttu %A Essi Huttu %A Yrjö Neuvo %K academic engagement %K doctoral education %K industrial engagement %K knowledge transfer %K university–industry collaboration %X The mobility of scientific competences from universities to industrial firms enables firms to absorb and utilize the knowledge developed in academia. However, too few young doctors are currently employed in industry, despite the fact that they could transfer and integrate valuable academic knowledge for industrial purposes and facilitate its utilization towards commercial ends. In this article, we investigate the role of doctoral students and graduates as academic boundary spanners by presenting three joint programs between universities and industrial players that facilitate and promote the industrial involvement of doctoral students and graduates. The cases highlight the meaning of university–industry collaboration in doctoral education and present practical examples of how industrial firms may facilitate the transfer of academic knowledge to industry through jointly organized doctoral education and postdoctoral mobility programs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 48-54 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1164 %N 6 %1 University of Vaasa Leena Kunttu received her PhD degree in Information Technology (Signal Processing) from the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, in 2006. Between 2007 and 2012, she served as Senior Manager in an area of innovation at the Nokia Corporation. During her career at Nokia, she led a number of collaborative projects between the company and external research institutes, such as universities. She also led and participated in joint educational activities between Nokia and universities. Since 2015, Dr. Kunttu has served as a researcher in an area of innovation at the University of Vaasa, while also carrying out PhD studies in industrial innovation. Her current research interests include university–industry collaboration, educational involvement, and the commercialization of university technologies. %2 DIMECC Ltd Essi Huttu is Vice President, Co-Creation at DIMECC Ltd, a Finnish innovation company boosting digital transformation in Finnish industry by joining the forces of companies and universities. In the management team, she leads foresight activities and collaborative R&D program preparations between companies and universities. Huttu is also responsible for DIMECC co-creation activities designing and managing co-creation services, such as the PoDoCo (PostDocs in Companies) program, to bring postdocs and companies together. Previously, she worked in various development projects in the manufacturing industry. She has also worked as a Researcher in the Department of Industrial Management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland, conducting research in the field of service innovations, product-service solutions, servitization, and organizational transformation towards service business. Huttu holds a Master’s Degree in Technology (Industrial Management and Engineering) from Tampere University of Technology. %3 Aalto University Yrjö Neuvo is Professor and Research Director at Aalto University, Finland, and Vice Chairman of the Board of Vaisala Corporation. He was Chief Technology Officer and a member of the Group Executive Board of Nokia from 1993–2005, during which time his responsibilities included managing mobile phones R&D. Before joining Nokia, his 19-year academic career included positions as Professor at Tampere University of Technology, as National Research Professor at the Academy of Finland, and as a visiting professor at University of California, in Santa Barbara, USA. He was Chairman of ARTEMIS JTI Governing Board from 2007–2008, Bureau Member of European Science and Technology Assembly (ESTA) 1994–1997, and General Chairman of the 1988 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems and of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2001). He was Member of Governing Board and its Executive Committee of European Institute of Innovation and Technology from 2008-2012. He is Life Fellow of IEEE, Member of Academia Europeae, the Swedish Academy of Technical Sciences, and two Finnish Academies. In addition to his PhD degree, which he received from Cornell University in 1974, he holds four honorary doctorates. Asteroid 1938 DN carries his name: Neuvo. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1164 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T How to Build Competencies for a Data-Driven Business: Keys for Success and Seeds for Failure %A Jyrki Koskinen %K best practices %K case projects %K data analysis %K data-intensive services %K design thinking %K experiences %K innovation platform %K service design %K service thinking %K team building %X Data analysis to create deep understanding and insights holds vast potential for innovation, but there is a severe shortage of data scientists. How then can a company create the competencies needed to obtain a competitive edge in the era of data-driven business? This article describes “Data Driven Business”, a program developed to coach company teams in Finland in the use of an innovation platform combining data analysis and service design using real-life case projects. The results suggest that this approach is an efficient way to build data-analysis competencies in a company: after taking the 14-week coaching course, 58% of the participating companies had launched a new product or service in the market within six months from the end of the course. After the program, a network called DOBit was established to share experiences among the members and to leverage data analysis and service thinking in society. This article describes the development and implementation of the course, its results and outcomes, and the keys for success and seeds for failure when attempting to build competencies for a data-driven business. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 18-28 %8 10/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1190 %N 10 %1 Avaamo Konsultointi Jyrki Koskinen is an entrepreneur running a consulting company Avaamo Konsultointi, which he started following his retirement from IBM, where he was in charge of university relations in Nordic countries and external relations and corporate responsibility in Finland. Before IBM, Jyrki worked as a management consultant for PriceWaterhouseCoopers and in managerial positions in companies Kesko Oyj, Anttila Oy, Tieto Oyj, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, and Nokia Oyj. He has a master’s degree in Information Systems from Turku University in Finland. Jyrki’s ambition is to develop a sustainable services society for improved welfare. His special areas of interest are next-generation innovation platforms together with ecosystems, services thinking, and open technology. He has experience in business strategies, especially digital business, organizational change, and transformation as well as IT strategies, IT management, business process development and program management. His key industries include ICT, healthcare, retail, telecommunication, and insurance. Jyrki was the director of DOB program working for COSS. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1190 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T How to Deal With and Repair Broken Trust in an R&D Partnership %A Anna Brattström %K conflict %K Open innovation %K R&D partnerships %K trust %K trust repair %X This article offers an actionable framework for dealing with trust violations in R&D partnerships: it explains how to turn around a conflicted R&D partnership, repair trust, and learn from the experience. As innovation becomes more open, firms increasingly find themselves involved in R&D collaborations with suppliers, customers or even competitors. Trust plays a fundamental role in such partnerships to work. Yet, trust cannot be taken for granted. In fact, trust in R&D partnerships is often violated – and without executive intervention, trust violations can soon turn even the most promising partnership into a value-destroying predicament. Although much has been written about trust formation in R&D partnerships, this article focuses instead on what to do when trust has been broken. The analysis is based on a review of academic research and is illustrated with real-life examples of trust repair processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 4-15 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1182 %N 9 %1 Lund University Anna Brattström is an Assistant Professor in the School of Economics and Management at Lund University, Sweden, where she researches innovation and collaboration. Her work on trust in R&D partnerships has been published in journals such as Organization Studies and the Journal of Product Innovation Management. In 2015, she was shortlisted for the ISPIM Innovation Management Dissertation Award for her in-depth studies of trust dynamics in R&D partnerships. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1182 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T How to Develop Innovation KPIs in an Execution-Oriented Company %A Victoria Lakiza %A Isabelle Deschamps %X Numerous established companies look for ways to rejuvenate their innovation capabilities, as it is essential for their long-term survival. One way is through the development of key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure innovation success. However, the wrong performance measurement approach can hinder innovation efforts. This case study explores the steps and challenges associated with the development of innovation KPIs in an established execution-oriented manufacturing company. Three prerequisites are proposed for such a project in a similar context: 1) a minimal maturity level of innovation processes, 2) strategic alignment, and 3) commitment to innovation. It is also proposed that, in such an execution-oriented company, it might be more effective to start with KPIs that would encourage behaviours more favourable to innovation. Then, with stronger innovation capabilities, it will be easier to develop appropriate KPIs to measure the success of innovation endeavours. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 14-30 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1168 %N 7 %1 Polytechnique Montreal Victoria Lakiza is a consultant, facilitator and coach committed to unlocking the potential of people and organizations. She is passionate about change management and organizational transformation. Victoria’s Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering from Polytechnique Montreal allowed her to deepen her knowledge and understanding of organizational change dynamics and of the role of performance measurement in promoting culture change. Her professional experience includes supporting a culture shift towards intrapreneurship, developing a complete performance measurement system and managing an organizational restructuring and re-branding in an innovative engineering consulting company. Concurrently she was co-leading a volunteer initiative aiming to accelerate sustainable innovations in organizations through the development of intrapreneurial leaders. %2 Polytechnique Montreal Isabelle Deschamps is a Professional Engineer, Business Manager, Coach and Entrepreneur active in Tech Incubation, Venture Capital, Intellectual Property Strategy and Hi-Tech Financing. In her 35-year career, she has been involved with 100 start-ups, SMEs and R&D groups in Information Technologies, new materials, 3D print, CleanTech and Medical devices. Isabelle is a recognized professor and researcher (HEC Montreal, ÉTS and Polytechnique Montreal). She is a speaker and expert in technology entrepreneurship, innovation & product management, science and technology policy & ecosystems, and SME financing. Isabelle advises Canadian industrial clusters, R&D consortia, governmental agencies and ecosystem members, such as National Research Council Canada, Prima Quebec, Aero Montreal and TechnoMontreal. She specialized in longitudinal and action research field studies and has published on technology implementation, crisis management, open and collaborative innovation, and start-up incubation. Isabelle is a metallurgist (Polytechnique Montreal) and holds an MBA (HEC Montreal) and a DBA (Harvard Business School). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1168 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Impact of Business Intelligence Solutions on Export Performance of Software Firms in Emerging Economies %A Michael Neubert %A Augustinus Van der Krogt %K artificial intelligence %K business intelligence %K emerging markets %K global marketing %K international business %K international entrepreneurship %K international management %K machine learning %K Paraguay %K software industry %X The article is written with the aim of understanding how well software firms in emerging economies perform when exporting their goods. Focusing on Paraguay as a representative context, a multiple-case-study research design was adopted using different sources of evidence, including 15 in-depth interviews with founders, shareholders, and CEOs. The data were analyzed using grounded theory in order to develop patterns and categories, and to understand differences and regularities. The revised Uppsala internationalization process model was used as a theoretical framework. This article highlights the experts’ views of the impact of business intelligence on the export performance of software firms in Paraguay. Although only a few of the interviewees currently use business intelligence solutions to support international strategic decision-making processes, most of them reveal a desire to use them because they expect it will have a positive impact on export performance and international competitiveness. The main factors for selecting a business intelligence solution are transparency of cost and benefits, excellent client service, and an attractive pricing model. The study results apply to all stakeholders who support the impact of business intelligence systems on the export performance of software firms in emerging economies. The article fulfils an identified need and call for research to study the use and impact of business intelligence on the way an emerging country’s exportation of goods actually performs, and the ability of its software firms to globalize successfully. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 39-49 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1185 %N 9 %1 International School of Management Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He teaches international business, intercultural communication, doing business in foreign markets, and international finance. His research interests concern the internationalization of high-tech startups. Michael is a member of the Academy of International Business, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. Michael is also the CEO of C2NM, a Swiss consulting firm specializing in the field of international and intercultural management. %2 Universidad Paraguayo Alemana Augustinus (Stijn) Van Der Krogt is the Dean of the Faculty of Business Administration at the Universidad Paraguayo Alemana in San Lorenzo, Paraguay. He is also a Director of the consulting firm Changing Values International, which accompanies private and public organizations in their process of change by providing tailor-made strategic advice and executive training and coaching. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1185 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Impact of Digitalization on the Speed of Internationalization of Lean Global Startups %A Michael Neubert %K artificial intelligence %K big data analytics %K digitalization %K global marketing %K international business %K international business development %K international entrepreneurship %K international management %K lean global startup %K machine learning %X Lean global startups need to internationalize early and fast. The digitalization of new foreign market development helps them to more efficiently identify new market opportunities in global markets. With this approach, they are saving resources while developing the most attractive markets. This article examines how lean global startups develop new foreign markets more rapidly due to digitalization. Thus, the aim is to understand the impact of digitalization on speed of internationalization of lean global startups. The study addresses a gap in the scholarly literature and a practical need to evaluate new foreign markets and business opportunities more quickly and more regularly and to understand what helps lean global startups react more quickly to opportunities and threats with respect to changing market attractiveness. Furthermore, it outlines why and how digitalization is important throughout the internationalization process. The research followed a multiple case-study design using different sources of evidence, including 73 interviews with senior managers of lean global startups. The findings reveal that digitalization allows lean global startups to increase decision-making efficiency and to optimize strategies and processes for evaluating international markets. The findings suggest that lean global startups can benefit from the use of digital technologies by applying a more efficient foreign market development process with regular reviews and a reduced workflow, by faster mediation between local market realities and strategic goals, by analyzing all foreign markets instead of just a sample of them, and by optimizing decision-making processes including the ability to make long-term, strategic decisions due to better market information. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 44-54 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1158 %N 5 %1 International School of Management Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He teaches international business, intercultural communication, doing business in foreign markets, and international finance. His research interests concern the internationalization of high-tech startups. Michael is a member of the Academy of International Business, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. Michael is also the CEO of C2NM, a Swiss consulting firm specializing in the field of international and intercultural management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1158 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T In Competition with Oneself: A Qualitative Inquiry into Amazon’s Entrepreneurial Culture %A Dev K. Dutta %K corporate entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurial culture %K entrepreneurial orientation %K innovation %K qualitative methods %X Utilizing a historiographic approach based on Amazon’s Letters to Shareholders (LTS) over a twenty-year timeframe (1997–2016), this article identifies the discerning features of the company’s entrepreneurial culture that enabled it to become one of today’s most innovative organizations. A content analysis of the LTS while coding for underlying theoretical themes reveals Amazon’s entrepreneurial culture has been increasingly celebrating a spirit of “Self-Competition”, and by embracing ideas such as “Day 1 Mentality”, “Customer Centricity”, and “Human Capital Focus”. The study findings have useful insights for entrepreneurs, founding teams, and corporate managers engaged in developing an entrepreneurial culture within their own organizations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-14 %8 06/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1161 %N 6 %1 University of New Hampshire Dev K Dutta is an Associate Professor of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship in the Management Department at the University of New Hampshire in the United States. His research and teaching focus on the intersection of entrepreneurship and innovation, especially the way these concepts apply at the firm and ecosystem levels. Dev has over 25 research publications in his field in peer-reviewed journals as well as books, book chapters, and research monographs. He also holds national certifications as an academic coach and facilitator in technology entrepreneurship, innovator mindset, lean launch pad, and design thinking (MIT and Stanford D-School). Before joining academia, Dev worked for 15 years as a corporate strategy consultant in some of the largest Indian IT multinationals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1161 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Inclusive Innovation in Biohacker Spaces: The Role of Systems and Networks %A Jeremy de Beer %A Vipal Jain %K biohacker spaces %K biohacking %K biotechnology %K crowdfunding %K inclusive innovation %K innovation %K law %K regulation %K social networks %X In this article, we examine the development of biohacker spaces and their impact on innovation systems through the lens of inclusive innovation. Examining issues associated with people, activities, outcomes, and governance, we observe that biohacker spaces offer an alternative approach to biotechnological research outside the orthodox walls of academia, industry, and government. We explain that harnessing the full innovative potential of these spaces depends on flexible legal and regulatory systems, including appropriate biosafety regulations and intellectual property policies and practices, and organic, community-based social and financial networking. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 27-37 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1137 %N 2 %1 University of Ottawa Jeremy de Beer is a Full Professor at the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Law, Common Law Section, where he is a member of the Centre for Law, Technology, and Society. He is a Senior Research Associate at the IP Unit, University of Cape Town and a co-founding director of the Open African Innovation Research network, Open AIR. He is online at www.JeremydeBeer.com. %2 University of Ottawa Vipal Jain is a Juris Doctor candidate (2018) at the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Law, Common Law Section. She is a member of the Open African Innovation Research (Open AIR) network’s New and Emerging Researcher Group, focusing on intellectual property law issues in Canada and elsewhere. She holds a BSc from the University of Toronto, where she specialized in Genetics and Biotechnology. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1137 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Information Security Best Practices: First Steps for Startups and SMEs %A Urpo Kaila %A Linus Nyman %K best practices %K cybersecurity %K information security %K risk management %K SMEs %K startups %X This article identifies important first steps toward understanding and implementing information security. From the broad selection of existing best practices, we introduce a lightweight yet comprehensive security framework with four useful first steps: identifying assets and risks; protecting accounts, systems, clouds, and data; implementing a continuity plan; and monitoring and reviewing. This article is intended primarily for startups and less mature companies, but it is likely to be of interest to any reader seeking an introduction to basic information security concepts and principles as well as their implementation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 32-42 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1198 %N 11 %1 Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) Urpo Kaila is the Head of Security for CSC – the Finnish IT Center for Science. His background in the information security industry, with long experience in handling security incidents as well as developing solutions for information security and data protection. He has been responsible to achieve the valued ISO/IEC 27001 information security management certification for CSC and is a steering committee member in security groups for some European Research Infrastructures, such as WISE and GÉANT SIG-ISM. Urpo holds the professional international information security certificates CISSP, GCIH, GCED, CISM, and ISO 27001 Lead Auditor. He also holds a Master’s degree from the Hanken School of Economics. His research focuses on best practices in information security and data protection. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is an Assistant Professor at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He has lectured on a range of topics, including information security and privacy, information systems science, corporate strategy, and open source software development. His current research focuses on information security and privacy, which are topics he also covers in a blog for the Finnish daily newspaper HBL. Linus holds a PhD and a Master’s degree, both from the Hanken School of Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1198 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Innovation Instruments to Co-Create Needs-Based Solutions in a Living Lab %A Lotta Haukipuro %A Satu Väinämö %A Pauliina Hyrkäs %K co-creation %K innovation instrument %K innovation process %K Living lab %K SME %K startup %K user involvement %X This multiple case study focuses on co-creation facilitated with innovation instruments in three different environments – a school, a hospital, and an airport – in which 12 SMEs and startups developed solutions based on predefined needs of customer organizations, and where stakeholders actively participated through user involvement methods facilitated by a living lab. The article provides new knowledge regarding the benefits of the co-creation, user involvement, and use of the living lab approach within different contexts. Our findings show concrete benefits of co-creation for stakeholders such as companies, customer organizations, and end users. Based on our results, we propose a new, generic model for using innovation instruments to facilitate co-creation for the development of needs-based products and services in different service domains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 22-35 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1156 %N 5 %1 University of Oulu Lotta Haukipuro, MSc (Econ), is a doctoral candidate at the Oulu Business School at the University of Oulu in Finland. Her PhD research focuses on user involvement through living lab approach in different contexts. She has participated in several international and national innovation, research and development projects as a specialist of living lab and user involvement methods, and has administered a user community and user involvement tool since 2011. %2 University of Oulu Satu Väinämö, MSc (Tech), is a User Research Expert and Project Manager at the University of Oulu in Finland. She has comprehensive experience of leading international projects, managing and creating user interface designs, and defining innovation processes. Her career includes over 15 years in the ICT industry in several leadership and user-experience design positions. She has led more than 100 development activities within Oulu Urban Living Labs, where she is currently in charge of projects related to innovation and living labs. %3 Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District Pauliina Hyrkäs, BHSc (Health Management), Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (NOHD), Finland, has worked in local, national, and international healthcare sector projects as a project manager, a coordinator, and a designer. With her project team, she developed nationally applicable innovation process for Finnish University Hospitals as well as the Development and Innovation Process for the NOHD. Currently, she is starting up the innovation activities at the Oulu University Hospital (OYS), designing the innovation process for the Future Hospital OYS 2030 and for the innovation ecosystem around the OYS as well as the healthcare co-creation process to be utilized at the European Union level. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1156 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Key Constructs and a Definition of Living Labs as Innovation Platforms %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Christ Habib %K constructs %K definition %K ENoLL %K innovation %K living labs %K platform %X Despite the growing popularity of using living labs as innovation platforms and the increasing scholarly attention toward the topic, still relatively little is known about many of their central characteristics. We use a qualitative research approach to identify key constructs of living labs and to understand how these constructs show up in the operation of living labs. So doing, we used theoretical constructs from the literature on user innovation, co-creation, and living labs to analyze a sample of membership applications to the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL). The results from the content analysis of 40 applications revealed nine key constructs that are characteristic to living labs: 1) objective, 2) governance, 3) openness, 4) stakeholders, 5) funding, 6) value, 7) communications, 8) infrastructure, and 9) methods. These key constructs provide new insight that helps us to provide a definition of living labs as innovation platforms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 51-62 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1205 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Pellervo Economic Research, Aalto University, and Carleton University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 Carleton University Christ Habib is an MASc graduate from the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering. Christ has experience working in the public and private sectors, working closely with clients and managing large-scale projects; he has been offering management-consulting services for SMEs; and he is currently a systems engineer at General Dynamics. He is passionate about business development; systems, processes, operations, marketing, and analytics; and understanding user/client needs for innovation development. He was awarded the engagement leadership award by popular vote through the Mindtrust program for his facilitation skills in managing collaborative work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1205 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Lean Commercialization: A New Framework for Commercializing High Technologies %A Saheed A. Gbadegeshin %K Finland %K high technologies %K lean commercialization %K lean startup %K technology-based companies %X Commercializing high technologies is expensive, tedious, and resource intensive. Meanwhile, there is a need for quick diffusion of innovations due to economic pressures for companies and research institutes. Therefore, this article proposes a new framework: lean commercialization. The framework represents a transformation of new technology and knowledge to products and services through the application of the lean/agile methodology. This methodology focuses on how resources can be minimized during the development, manufacturing, and marketing of new products and services, while still being accepted by customers. The lean commercialization framework was developed from a case study of high-technology companies and by interviewing commercialization experts. This article contributes to the theory and practice of commercialization of high technologies and provides a procedure for the practical application of the lean commercialization framework. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 50-63 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1186 %N 9 %1 University of Turku Saheed A. Gbadegeshin is a PhD Candidate at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. His research interests include commercialization, high technology, the lean startup methodology, entrepreneurship, business internationalization, and family-run businesses. He holds an MSc degree in Entrepreneurship from the University of Jyväskylä and an MBA in International Business Management from Turku University of Applied Sciences in Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1186 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Library Living Lab: A Collaborative Innovation Model for Public Libraries %A Fernando Vilariño %A Dimosthenis Karatzas %A Alberto Valcarce %K cultural spaces %K innovation %K library %K Living lab %K participatory %K public spaces %K technology %X New models of governance advance towards participatory schemes in which citizens not only play an active role in decision-making processes but also the processes by which new products and services are defined and introduced. In parallel, technological innovations, and the new horizons of creativity that they allow, open a huge range of options to innovation in all areas of society, particularly in the cultural field. Under these two premises – participation and innovation – the Library Living Lab initiative was born at the Public Library of Miquel Batllori Volpelleres in Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona. The Library Living Lab is a space that gathers all stakeholders around the public library with the aim of exploring new methods and tools that allow us to enjoy culture both individually and collectively. This article describes how technology can be an enabling factor in a citizen-initiated grassroots project. The project implements a complete model of inter-institutional collaboration with all relevant actors around the living lab working group. The specific challenges of developing an open, flexible, and inter-connected space are identified, and the interaction dynamics based on a challenge–action–return methodology definition are described through practical examples. Our conclusions tackle the challenges of a horizon for the implementation of innovation initiatives – such as living labs – in public spaces. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 17-25 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1202 %N 12 %1 Computer Vision Centre and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Fernando Vilariño is Associate Director of the Computer Vision Centre and Associate Professor at the Universtitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He holds a PhD in Computer Vision and is a Lecturer in Machine Learning and Robotics. He is Co-Founder of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona, and he is President of the European Network of Living Labs. In 2014, he received a Google Research Award in the line of Eye-Tracking Interaction. %2 Computer Vision Centre and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Dimosthenis Karatzas is Associate Director of the Computer Vision Centre and Associate Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He holds a PhD in Computer Vision and is a Lecturer in Artificial Intelligence. He is Co-Founder of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona. In 2013, Dimosthenis received the prestigious IAPR/ICDAR Young Investigator Award and, in 2016, he received the Google Research Award in the line of Machine Perception. %3 President of the Association of Neighbours of Volpelleres Alberto Valcarce is President of the Association of Neighbours Volpelleres in Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona. He is a lawyer and holds an MSc degree in Water Management. He participated in the inception, design, and implementation of the Library Living Lab in Barcelona. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1202 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Living Labs versus Lean Startups: An Empirical Investigation %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Sonja M. Protic %K entrepreneurs %K impact %K Innovation management %K lean startup %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K testing %K user innovation %X Although we seem to be living in an era where founding a startup has never been easier, studies point to the high mortality rates of these organizations. This “startup hype” has also induced many practitioner-based innovation management approaches that lack empirical studies and validation. Moreover, a lot of these approaches have rather similar angles, but use different wordings. Therefore, in this article, we look into two of these “hyped” concepts: the lean startup and living labs. We review the academic studies on these topics and explore a sample of 86 entrepreneurial projects based on project characteristics and outcomes. Our main finding is that the two approaches appear to be complementary. Living labs are powerful instruments to implement the principles of the lean startup, as the real-life testing and multi-disciplinary approach of living labs seem to generate more actionable outcomes. However, living labs also require the flexibility of a startup – ideally a lean one – to actually deliver this promise. Thus, rather than picking a winner in this comparison, we argue that combining the concepts’ different strengths can bring clear benefits. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 7-16 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1201 %N 12 %1 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Sonja M. Protic is a Researcher at the Institute of Production and Logistics at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. She finished her Master’s studies in Environmental Science and her Bachelor studies in Business Administration. She has several years of work experience in national and European research projects and in international project development for a multilateral organization. Her research interests include sustainable freight transport, innovation management, and living labs. She is enrolled as a doctoral student, writing her doctoral thesis in the field of innovation systems at multimodal inland terminals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1201 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Mixing Practices to Create Transdisciplinary Innovation: A Design-Based Approach %A Kees Dorst %K disciplines %K innovation %K practice %K transdisciplinarity %K transdisciplinary education %X As the problems that are our organizations are facing become more complex, dynamic, and networked, they will need to become more flexible in their ability to respond. These complex networked problem situations often cannot be tackled from a single-discipline perspective, and thus transdisciplinary innovation – that is, innovation across and between disciplinary fields – is becoming more important. But how can we achieve innovation in those in-between spaces, when all of our knowledge and established approaches are held within the disciplines? In this article, we look beyond the limiting confines of traditional disciplines by seeing them as collections of smaller units of action: practices. After a foray into the anatomy of practices, we discuss how a design-based approach to transdisciplinary thinking creates a framework for the mixing of practices, articulating new insights and creating new possibilities for action in the space between the established professions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 60-65 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1179 %N 8 %1 University of Technology Sydney Kees Dorst was trained as an Industrial Design Engineer at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. Currently, he is Professor of Design Innovation at the University of Technology Sydney’s Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation in Australia, where he is also the Founding Director of the university’s Design Innovation and Designing Out Crime research centres. He lectures at universities and design schools throughout the world. He has published many articles and several books – including Understanding Design (2006), Design Expertise (with Bryan Lawson, 2009), Frame Innovation – Create New Thinking by Design (MIT Press, 2015), Designing for the Common Good (2016), and Notes on Design – How Creative Practice Works (2017). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1179 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Overcoming Barriers to Frugal Innovation: Emerging Opportunities for Finnish SMEs in Brazilian Markets %A Mirva Hyypiä %A Rakhshanda Khan %K barriers %K Brazilian markets %K Finnish SMEs %K frugal innovation %K opportunities %X Frugal innovation has become a popular concept, in academia but also in industry at large. Although there has been a great deal of discussion about the relevance of frugal innovation to the developed world, the notion’s full acceptance within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still seems far in the distance. The opportunities and barriers seen with practical implementation of frugal innovation during the development processes have received little attention. This article considers these opportunities and barriers in the context of Finnish SMEs, providing insight specifically into the approaches these companies take in Brazilian markets. Qualitative data were drawn from a case study forming part of an extensive action research-based development project called SCALA, aimed at creating suitable and scalable mobile learning services for global markets. The concepts of frugal innovation and proceeding from user needs – essential parts of the development processes – are examined by observing three Finnish SMEs and their top managers, with particular focus on their interaction with Brazilian partners. Development sessions and meetings shed light on how the companies perceived and responded to testing their products/services with six individual schools in Brazil. Although frugal innovation is seen as essential for guaranteeing long-term competitiveness of Finnish SMEs – and access to rapidly growing, unsaturated emerging markets such as Brazil can be a step in the right direction – our study highlights numerous barriers and ways to overcome them in the real-world implementation of frugality in SMEs’ development processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 38-48 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1151 %N 4 %1 Lappeenranta University of Technology Mirva Hyypiä, D.Sc. (Tech.), is a Senior Researcher of Industrial Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, where she has worked since 2006. Her current research focuses on various aspects of leadership, innovation management, frugal innovation, innovation systems, user-driven innovation, service design, multi-sensory environment, gamification, and co-creation of digitalization. She has published several articles in international and national scientific journals. %2 Lappeenranta University of Technology Rakhshanda Khan is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her doctoral dissertation in Business and Management (2017) focused on the contribution of socially driven businesses and innovations to social sustainability. Her expertise lies in sustainable, socially driven businesses, inclusive business models, and sustainable innovations, with a special focus on frugal innovation. She has published in several refereed journals including Applied Energy, Sustainability, the International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, and the International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1151 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Patterns of Frugal Innovation in Healthcare %A Hareem Arshad %A Marija Radić %A Dubravko Radić %K developing economies %K emerging economies %K frugal innovation %K global health %K healthcare %X Frugal innovations have the potential to offer simple and cost-effective solutions to the healthcare challenges of the world. However, despite the potential for frugal innovations in healthcare, this context has been rarely studied. The objective of this article is to shed some light on patterns of frugal innovations in healthcare and thereby contribute to the literature. With this aim, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and searched for innovations that were labelled as frugal and were related to healthcare. This led us to a sample of 50 frugal innovations in the healthcare sector. For each of the 50 selected examples, we examined various characteristics of the innovation, such as the country of origin, first launch market, type of innovator, type of innovation, type of care, and geographic diffusion. Our findings show that most of the frugal innovations originated in the United States, followed by India. The most frequent first launch market was India. In terms of types of innovators, academia seemed to be the strongest driver. Most frugal innovations are product innovations in the fields of neonatology and general practice. In this article, we expand on these findings and examine the relationships between individual variables to reveal further insights. Finally, we offer conclusions, an outlook for frugal innovation in the healthcare sector, and future research questions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 28-37 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1150 %N 4 %1 Leipzig University Hareem Arshad is a PhD student at Leipzig University in Germany. She graduated in 2013 with a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Air University in Pakistan. She gained her first professional experience as a guest lecturer at Air University and has been affiliated with the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig since 2016. Her research focuses on the areas of service innovation, diffusion of innovation, and frugal innovation in healthcare. %2 Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy Marija Radić heads the Price and Service Management Group at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig, Germany, and is Deputy Head of the Department for Corporate Development in International Markets. She studied International Economics at the Universities of Tübingen in Germany and Chicago in the United States, and she earned her doctorate at the University of Dortmund in Germany. Prior to joining Fraunhofer IMW, Marija worked as a senior consultant at a renowned international management consultancy in Germany and the United States. As part of this activity, she advised customers from the fields of industry and technology, life sciences, and financial services on pricing, marketing, sales, and strategic issues on a national and international level. In her current role, her research focuses on marketing and strategy aspects of healthcare innovation. %3 Leipzig University Dubravko Radić holds the Chair of Service Management at Leipzig University, Germany, and is Deputy Head of Price and Service Management at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW. He completed his doctorate at the Department of Statistics and Econometrics at the University of Frankfurt, Germany. For his dissertation on innovation activities of German companies, he was awarded the Gerhard Fuerst Prize of the Federal Statistical Office. After researching at the Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Davis, and Harvard Business School, he completed his habilitation in 2009 on the topic of pricing policy in services at the Bergische Universität Wuppertal (Germany). His research interests include application of empirical methods to business issues, service management issues, and service pricing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1150 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Practice Method for Studying Creative Communities %A Pekka Buttler %K communities %K creativity %K innovation %K practice %K research method %K teamwork %X Explaining innovation – even merely spotting it actually happening – is difficult. In this article, I introduce an industry-friendly approach that will enable practitioners and researchers alike to observe, interpret, and understand the different types of creativities – the raw materials necessary for innovation – that happen in creative communities. The Practice Method for Studying Creative Communities (PMSCC) is based on theories developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi. However, unlike mainstream practice-oriented methods, the PMSCC does not necessitate the use of theory-heavy conceptualizations; instead, it focuses on the everyday, creative micro-interactions in communities. As I describe in this article, the PMSCC offers practitioners and researchers an effective way to gain new insights into an otherwise relatively opaque process. Besides outlining the method, I also present results from a research project utilizing the PMSCC, showing how the method can produce worthwhile findings, foster new insights, and help practitioners hone their creative processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 22-31 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1197 %N 11 %1 Hanken School of Economics Pekka Buttler, M.Sc. (Econ), is a doctoral student at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he is researching conceptual design in IT projects. His other academic interests range from leading knowledge work to software business management. Besides research, Pekka involves himself in teaching and consulting by utilizing his more than 15 years of experience within the IT industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1197 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Prime Mover Matrix: A Conversation Piece for Building Strategic Innovative Capacity %A Magnus Hoppe %K analytical models %K business innovative capacity %K conversation pieces %K industrial standards %K innovation strategy %K Prime Mover Matrix %K technical innovative capacity %X The article introduces the Prime Mover Matrix as a conversation piece that will help management build strategic innovation capacity and gain desired influence on industrial standards and thus power. After all, just because a company calls itself innovative and invests in R&D does not mean it is actually innovative. To be strategically innovative means that a company deliberately builds its technical innovative capacity and business innovative capacity in relation to the influence of other actors’ actions and innovations. By doing this, a company will be able to increase its influence on industrial standards and gain the necessary power to reach its objectives. It is a relative position towards a moving target, which is why companies must continuously change through learning. This means that management needs help to reflect on how their own company’s innovative capacity compares to their competitors, and they must unceasingly steer their capacity towards the desired innovation position. Today, we lack intuitive and usable tools that will facilitate strategic conversations on how to best invest for desired innovation capacity. In order to fill this void, this article proposes the Prime Mover Matrix: a model that functions as a conversation piece for triggering an assessment of an industry’s technical, business, and prime movers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-13 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1167 %N 7 %1 Mälardalen University Magnus Hoppe is an Associate Professor at the School of Economics, Society and Engineering at Mälardalen University, Sweden. At the university, he is member of the Faculty Board and leads processes for collaborative research in sustainable development. Magnus holds a PhD in Business Administration from Åbo Akademi University in Finland, where he presented his thesis on organized intelligence work in modern organizations. His current research concerns both private and public organizations and spans intelligence, entrepreneurship, and innovation. A special research interest lies in questioning dominating perspectives that bind our understanding of specific topics, and he now works to establish new ways of talking and thinking about innovation. His aim is to help organizations build new insights that will enhance their ideation processes and strategy building and, thereby, improve their innovative capabilities. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1167 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Q&A. Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Research: Where Are We Now and How Do We Move Forward? %A Paavo Ritala %A Robin Gustafsson %K approaches %K business ecosystem %K entrepreneurial ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem %K methods %K research %K theoretical foundations %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 52-57 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1171 %N 7 %1 Lappeenranta University of Technology Paavo Ritala, D.Sc. (Econ. & Bus. Adm.) is a Professor of Strategy and Innovation at the School of Business and Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. He is interested in questions and themes around organizing heterogeneous systems and networks, where different actors and institutions co-evolve, collaborate, and compete. In particular, his research has focused on the topics of value creation and appropriation, innovation, networks and ecosystems, coopetition, business models, and sustainable value creation. His research has been published in journals such as Research Policy, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, and Technological Forecasting & Social Change. He is also closely involved with business practice over these topics through company-funded research projects, executive and professional education programs, and in speaker and advisory roles. Prof. Ritala currently serves as an Associate Editor of R&D Management. %2 Aalto University Robin Gustafsson is Department Vice-Head for Research and Associate Professor of Strategic Management at Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Finland. His research focuses on strategy and organization in industry and market disruptions (especially technology-induced disruptions). His research and teaching are increasingly focused on how digital is disrupting existing industries and markets, successful digital platform strategies, new sources of competitive advantage arising from digitalization, open digital platforms, and multi-sided platforms, and corporate digital strategies. His research has been published in journals such as Academy of Management Journal, Research Policy, and Technological Forecasting & Social Change. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1171 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Q&A. What Barriers Do Women Face in Becoming High-Tech Entrepreneurs in Rural India? %A Rituparna Basu %A Sarada Chatterjee %K barriers %K challenges %K entrepreneurship %K India %K rural %K technology %K women %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 33-36 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1132 %N 1 %1 International Management Institute, Kolkata Rituparna Basu is an Assistant Professor in Marketing, Retail and Entrepreneurship at the International Management Institute in Kolkata, India. Dr. Basu won the Global ISB-Ivey Case Competition 2017 and received the prestigious AIMS-IRMA Outstanding Young Woman Management Teacher Award 2016. She earned her Doctor of Philosophy in Management from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur in 2013. She holds a BSc in Economics from St. Xaviers’ College in Kolkata, and she is a gold medallist MBA. She is particularly known for her practice-led research and is also regarded as a high-impact corporate trainer. %2 International Management Institute, Kolkata Sarada Chatterjee is a Teaching Assistant at the International Management Institute in Kolkata, India. She holds a BCom (Hons) from the University of Calcutta, India, and an MCom from University of Burdwan, India. She received the Active Young Researcher Award in 2017 from the AR Research Publication and Conference World. Previously, she was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Administration at Bhawanipur Education Society College in Calcutta and a Lecturer in the Department of Business Administration at the Scottish Church College, also in Calcutta. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1132 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T The Role of Middle Managers in the Implementation of a Corporate Incubator: A Case Study in the Automotive Sector %A Rebecca Hirte %K case study %K corporate incubator %K Innovation management %K intrapreneurship %K middle managers %X Lately, there has been a growing tendency of corporations to establish corporate incubators as a strategic tool of transformation. However, the managers of those incubators are often lacking the appropriate knowledge and experience when it comes to setting the right framework for implementing such novel innovation units. In this context, the role of middle managers needs to be re-evaluated in order to support them with the right toolset for such an endeavour to become successful. This article analyzes the role of middle managers in the implementation of a corporate incubator by conducting an in-depth single case study within a large German automotive company. In addition to insights from a comprehensive literature review, the study’s interviews with 13 experts reveal challenges as well as key success factors from the perspective of middle managers on the stated research problem. In particular, the ability of middle managers to influence employees and top management has been considered with the aim of avoiding resistance and failure. The findings from this study contribute to the research streams of corporate incubation and middle management. In addition, the findings are particularly relevant for managers of large corporations who are facing the challenge of transforming their organization due to digitalization and unpredictable developments in the market. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 31-39 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1169 %N 7 %1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Rebecca Hirte is pursuing her doctoral studies at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany at the Chair of Entrepreneurship and Technology Management (EnTechnon). Her research focuses on corporate innovation systems and their digital transformation. At the same time, she is working for a large German multinational automotive company in the field of business model innovation and corporate incubation. She holds Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in International Business, and she has previously worked as a Research Assistant at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1169 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Science Is Indispensable to Frugal Innovations %A Balkrishna C. Rao %K factor of frugality %K factor of safety %K frugal innovation %K research %K sustainable development %X In recent years, frugal innovations have become widely popular due to their no-frills nature that entails lower costs. However, most of the frugal innovations, at least at the grassroots level, are makeshift contraptions, made from indigenous ingenuity, that achieve their goals under constraints on various resources but may suffer from limited lifespans due to premature failure. Consequently, it is imperative that sound scientific principles not be overlooked or haphazardly applied in realizing these innovations, irrespective of their grassroots or sophisticated nature. This article therefore argues for the need to use science, sometimes at the cutting edge, to realize grassroots and advanced frugal innovations that are not prone to failure under various working conditions. In so doing, this work advocates the use of classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources and, hence lower costs, while aiming for robust functionality of frugal products. In particular, a frugal design approach using a modern version of the safety factor called the “factor of frugality” has been propounded to effectively create any type of frugal innovation from scratch. By combining the ingenuity of the resourceful creators of frugal innovations with a scientific approach that aims to make the resulting products “fail proof”, such innovations may better contribute value to business and benefits to society. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 49-56 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1152 %N 4 %1 Indian Institute of Technology Madras Balkrishna C. Rao is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Design at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) in India. As a member of the Sustainable Manufacturing Group at IITM, he conducts research pertaining to sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and frugal design. Other than the work in manufacturing for automotive and aerospace sectors, his work in frugal innovations has led to the creation of a new type called Advanced Frugal Innovation (AFI) to account for the increasing sophistication seen in these products. He has also developed a frugal approach to design wherein advanced and grassroots frugal products can be built from scratch. Such a frugal design tool can greatly aid sustainable development in designing streamlined products for various sectors while also improving functionality. Among his other contributions, he has also developed a concept for tallying the innovative output of a country through Gross Domestic Innovation (GDI). Professor Rao earned his PhD in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on manufacturing from Purdue University in the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1152 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Smart Farming: Including Rights Holders for Responsible Agricultural Innovation %A Kelly Bronson %K agriculture %K automation %K big data %K machine intelligence %K power %K responsible innovation %K smart agriculture %K technological values %X This article draws on the literature of responsible innovation to suggest concrete processes for including rights holders in the “smart” agricultural revolution. It first draws upon historical agricultural research in Canada to highlight how productivist values drove seed innovations with particular consequences for the distribution of power in the food system. Next, the article uses document analysis to suggest that a similar value framework is motivating public investment in smart farming innovations. The article is of interest to smart farming’s decision makers (from farmers to governance actors) and a broader audience – anyone interested in engendering equity through innovation-led societal transitions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 7-14 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1135 %N 2 %1 University of Ottawa Kelly Bronson is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Institute for Science, Society, and Policy at the University of Ottawa, Canada. She is a social scientist studying science–society tensions that erupt around controversial technologies and their governance – from GMOs to big data. Her research aims to bring community values into conversation with technical knowledge in the production of evidence-based decision-making. She has published her work in regional (Journal of New Brunswick Studies), national (Canadian Journal of Communication), and international journals (Journal of Responsible Innovation, Big Data and Society). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1135 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Strategic Foresight of Future B2B Customer Opportunities through Machine Learning %A Daniel Gentner %A Birgit Stelzer %A Bujar Ramosaj %A Leo Brecht %K action research %K B2B industries %K customer base analysis %K customer foresight %K customer knowledge %K customer profile %K data mining %K machine learning %K strategic foresight %X Within the strategic foresight literature, customer foresight still shows a low capability level. In practice, especially in business-to-business (B2B) industries, analyzing an entire customer base in terms of future customer potential is often done manually. Therefore, we present a single case study based on a quantitative customer-foresight project conducted by a manufacturing company. Along with a common data mining process, we highlight the application of machine learning algorithms on an entire customer database that consists of customer and product-related data. The overall benefit of our research is threefold. The major result is a prioritization of 2,300 worldwide customers according to their predicted technical affinity and suitability for a new machine control sensor. Thus, the company gains market knowledge, which addresses management functions such as product management. Furthermore, we describe the necessary requirements and steps for practitioners who realize a customer-foresight project. Finally, we provide a detailed catalogue of measures suitable for sales in order to approach the identified high-potential customers according to their individual needs and behaviour. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-17 %8 10/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1189 %N 10 %1 Ulm University Daniel Gentner is a Junior Research Fellow at the Institute of Technology and Process Management at Ulm University in Germany. His research focuses on product management in B2B industries and especially on customer analytics methods and applications. Additionally, he works at iTOP.Partners GmbH as consultant and trainer for B2B product management, for example in the Center of Excellence in Global Product Management (CE ProMM). There, he supports the experience and knowledge transfer to practitioners on processes, techniques, roles, responsibilities, and tasks of product management in globally acting German and Swiss B2B companies. Daniel studied Business Administration at Ulm University and the University of Connecticut and holds a Master of Science degree from Ulm University. During his studies, he worked as a Student Research Assistant at Ulm University and as a student trainee in different companies (B2B and B2C). %2 Ulm University Birgit Stelzer is a Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Technology and Process Management at Ulm University in Germany, where she is also Head of the Department of Didactics. She has a diploma and a PhD in Management Science. She also works as a consultant and trainer for B2B companies on foresight topics, agile project management, and organizational transformation. Her research focuses mainly on foresight issues and business model innovation. She also lectures at several institutions in Europe, including the University of Antwerp and Steinbeis University Berlin. %3 Ulm University Bujar Ramosaj is a PhD Candidate at the Institute of Technology and Process Management at Ulm University in Germany, where he holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration with a focus on Technology Management. His research focuses on the financial evaluation of emerging technologies and the assessment of their potential to gain greater value in technology-related M&A activities. In addition, he works for ITOP.Partners GmbH as a technology management consultant, where he identifies, analyzes, and evaluates technologies and technology strategies. %4 University of Liechtenstein Leo Brecht is a Full Professor of Entrepreneurship and Technology at the University of Liechtenstein, where he researches in innovation, technology, and product management, mainly based on analytics. He joined the University of Liechtenstein in October 2018; previously, he was a Professor at Ulm University, Germany. Leo is the author of several books and the founder of two start-up companies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1189 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation %A Ferhat Demir %K business model %K innovation %K maturity model %K strategic management %X Even though strategic management is highly critical for all types of organizations, only a few maturity models have been proposed in the business literature for the area of strategic management activities. This article updates previous studies and presents a new conceptual model for assessing the maturity of strategic management in any organization. The Strategic Management Maturity Model for Innovation (S3M-i) is composed of six maturity levels with seven dimensions. The main contribution of the S3M-i is to put innovation into the agenda of strategic management. The main objective of this study is to propose a model to align innovation with business strategies. This article suggests that innovation (new breakthrough products/services and business models) is the only way of creating sustainable growth, and strategy studies cannot ignore this aspect. Maturity models should embrace innovation to respond to the dynamic business environment and rapidly changing customer behaviours. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 13-21 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1196 %N 11 %1 Ferhat Demir is a management lecturer, trainer, and consultant. He studied Industrial Engineering at the Sakarya University in Adapazarı, Turkey. He received his Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Kennesaw State University and his Master of Public Policy (MPP) degree from Georgia State University in the United States. His fields of expertise and research interests include strategic management, innovation strategies, competitiveness, business models, and organizational design. He has diverse experience with large corporations, SMEs, non-profit organizations, and governmental institutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1196 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Supporting Self-Determined Indigenous Innovations: Rethinking the Digital Divide in Canada %A Jasmin Winter %A Justine Boudreau %K digital %K Indigenous %K innovation %K makerspaces %K technology %X This article seeks to revisit dominant narratives of digital technological development in Indigenous communities in Canada. By prioritizing Indigenous voices and drawing from concepts of self-determination and sovereignty, this analysis reorients discourse surrounding the “digital divide” towards a strength-based approach that positions Indigenous peoples as innovators and creators, not just consumers, of digital technologies. This article begins with a discussion of how dominant media has used technology and technological imagery to misrepresent Indigenous cultures and perpetuate colonial biases, and emphasizes the importance of making space for Indigenous future imagery. Following this is a discussion of digital storytelling and virtual landscapes, showcasing a small sample of Indigenous initiatives online, in video game and app development, and in augmented and virtual reality. Finally, this article considers the potential of “makerspaces” as a framework for future action to bridge theory and practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 38-48 %8 02/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1138 %N 2 %1 First Nations Technology Council Jasmin Winter is a recent graduate of the Master’s in Development Practice program at the University of Winnipeg, which stands on Treaty 1 territory. Originally from Vancouver, on the unceded lands of Coast Salish peoples, Jasmin was raised by a European father and a Chinese mother. This article contains material from a Major Research Paper that was graciously supervised by Dr. Julie Nagam. Jasmin completed a field placement with the Initiative for Indigenous Futures in the summer of 2017, and was a research assistant for the Transactive Memory Keepers project. She is currently working for the First Nations Technology Council in British Columbia. She is incredibly grateful to have had these opportunities to support Indigenous-determined innovations. %2 University of Ottawa Justine Boudreau completed her undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ottawa, Canada, and is now working on a Master’s degree in Electronic Business Technologies. During the last three years, she has spent her time playing with new technology and diversifying her knowledge. She spent almost two years working with the Maker Mobile delivering workshops and integrating new curriculum for robotics and women in science and engineering. She then moved on to work for the uOttawa Richard L'Abbé Makerspace while teaching and running the first and second year engineering design courses run through the Makerlab. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1138 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Taxonomy of Factors Influencing Drop-Out Behaviour in Living Lab Field Tests %A Abdolrasoul Habibipour %A Annabel Georges %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn %K drop-out %K field test %K Living lab %K taxonomy %K user engagement %K user motivation %X The concept of a “living lab” is a relatively new research area and phenomenon that facilitates user engagement in open innovation activities. Studies on living labs show that the users’ motivation to participate in a field test is higher at the beginning of the project than during the rest of the test, and that participants have a tendency to drop out before completing the assigned tasks. However, the literature still lacks theories describing the phenomenon of drop-out within the area of field tests in general and living lab field tests in particular. As the first step in constructing a theoretical discourse, the aims of this study are to present an empirically derived taxonomy for the various factors that influence drop-out behaviour; to provide a definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests; and to understand the extent to which each of the identified items influence participant drop-out behaviour. To achieve these aims, we first extracted factors influencing drop-out behaviour in the field test from our previous studies on the topic, and then we validated the extracted results across 14 semi-structured interviews with experts in living lab field tests. Our findings show that identified reasons for dropping out can be grouped into three themes: innovation-related, process-related, and participant-related. Each theme consists of three categories with a total of 44 items. In this study, we also propose a unified definition of “drop-out” in living lab field tests. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-21 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1155 %N 5 %1 Luleå University of Technology Abdolrasoul Habibipour is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and is a User Engagement Expert at Botnia Living Lab, Sweden. His research focuses on user engagement in living lab research, with a particular emphasis on users’ motivations and needs. Abdolrasoul has previously worked in information technology (IT) projects for more than 13 years as a project leader and project manager as well as software designer and developer. He is currently involved in international innovation and research projects such as UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %2 imec.livinglabs Annabel Georges is a User Specialist at imec.livinglabs in Belgium. Annabel holds a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. Since 2013, she has worked at imec.livinglabs, where she has conducted research for more than 15 innovation projects. Her main interests are contextual research, field tests, and working on improvements on current living lab practices. %3 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a Professor of Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, and Managing Director of Botnia Living Lab in Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna’s research is related to different application areas such as smart cities, domestic IT use, and online privacy. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the UNaLab project, U4IoT project, as well as Privacy Flag project, all of which are financed by the European Commission. %4 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %# Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing; and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published several articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1155 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Technology Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: An Exploration of Entrepreneurial Models Prevalent in India %A Shiv S Tripathi %A Mita Brahma %K emerging markets %K entrepreneurship %K India %K models %K technology %K typology %X Are the features and processes of entrepreneurship – such as wealth creation, risk taking, vision, identification of a niche market, launching new products, and so on – common across the world? Many would assume they would be. However, firms that are entrepreneurial in nature and belong to emerging markets may or may not follow the established models of developed economies. In this study, we sought to explore various types of entrepreneurial models that are prevalent in an emerging market. For this purpose, we collected primary and secondary data to identify characteristics of technology-based entrepreneurial firms in India. Based on the two dimensions of degree of demand/supply and expected loss/risk, we identify four models of entrepreneurship – incremental, proactive, radical, and reactive – and illustrate each model with examples from Indian companies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 24-32 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1131 %N 1 %1 Management Development Institute, Gurgaon Shiv S Tripathi is an Assistant Professor in the area of Strategic Management at the Management Development Institute in Gurgaon, India. He holds a PhD degree from the Vinod Gupta School of Management at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. He has published papers in the area of product and service innovations, growth strategies, and innovations in large organizations. He has co-authored a book titled International Business along with a number of case studies. He is a member of the Strategic Management Society, the International Society for Professional Innovation Management, the Academy of Management, and the Academy of International Business. His current research interests include corporate entrepreneurship, open innovation, ambidexterity, and innovation in large organizations. %2 Management Development Institute, Gurgaon Mita Brahma is a Fellow Program Scholar in the area of Strategic Management at the Management Development Institute in Gurgaon, India. She holds MS and MBA degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi, India. Her research interests include corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, and strategic human resources management. She has over thirty years of experience in the banking, software, and education sectors. She currently leads a niche-consulting firm that helps organizations improve their performance through increased operational efficiency and strategic and human resource initiatives. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1131 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T To Internationalize or Not to Internationalize? A Descriptive Study of a Brazilian Startup %A Flavia Luciane Scherer %A Italo Fernando Minello %A Cristiane Krüger %A Andréa Bach Rizzatti %K entrepreneurial %K innovation %K internationalization %K startups %K technology %X This study examines the failed internationalization experience of a Brazilian high-tech startup. The research methodology of the study is descriptive and aims to explore whether this startup should re-internationalize, despite an unsuccessful first experience. Based on interviews with the founders, it was found that the initial internationalization took place in an incipient way, in the heat of the moment. The lack of success with the initial internationalization did not shake the directors of the startup, who aim to return to internationalization, now in a consolidated way and counting on the advice of an investor. Despite its bitter first experience, should the startup try again? Through an analysis of the lessons learned from the startup’s initial failure and insights from its consideration of a possible second attempt, this study contributes to the literature on competitiveness, internationalization, and international entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 38-46 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1145 %N 3 %1 Federal University of Santa Maria Flavia Luciane Scherer is an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program in Administration at the Federal University of Santa Maria in southern Brazil. She received her doctorate in Administration in 2007 from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, focusing on international business, consolidation, and strategic administration. In recent years, she has focused especially on studying the internationalization of companies, technological innovations, and strategic management. %2 Federal University of Santa Maria Italo Fernando Minello is an Adjunct Professor of the Post-Graduate Program in Administration at the Federal University of Santa Maria in southern Brazil. He received his PhD in Management in 2010 from the Faculty of Economics, Administration and Accounting of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, focusing on business failure. His current research focuses on entrepreneurial behaviour and business failure. He has also studied and published articles and books on the topics of resilient behaviour, behavioural entrepreneurial characteristics, entrepreneurial intent and attitude, and startups. %3 Federal University of Santa Maria Cristiane Krüger is a doctoral student in the Postgraduate Program in Administration of the Federal University of Santa Maria in southern Brazil. She is currently studying entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial intent. Her work experience was acquired through the practice of teaching and research in entrepreneurship. %4 Federal University of Santa Maria Andréa Bach Rizzatti is a master’s student in the Postgraduate Program in Administration of the Federal University of Santa Maria in southern Brazil. She is currently studying organizational strategy and internationalization. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1145 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T A Topic Modelling Analysis of Living Labs Research %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K big data %K data mining %K innovation %K Living lab %K living laboratory %K research trends %K text analytics %K topic modeling %K topic modelling %X This study applies topic modelling analysis on a corpus of 86 publications in the Technology Innovation Management Review (TIM Review) to understand how the phenomenon of living labs has been approached in the recent innovation management literature. Although the analysis is performed on a corpus collected from only one journal, the TIM Review has published the largest number of special issues on living labs to date, thus it reflects the advancement of the area in the scholarly literature. According to the analysis, research approaches to living labs can be categorized under seven broad topics: 1) Design, 2) Ecosystem, 3) City, 4) University, 5) Innovation, 6) User, and 7) Living lab. Moreover, each topic includes a set of characteristic subtopics. A trend analysis suggests that the emphasis of research on living labs is moving away from a conceptual focus on what living labs are and who is involved in their ecosystems to practical applications of how to design and manage living labs, their processes, and participants, especially users, as key stakeholders and in novel application areas such as the urban city context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 40-51 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1170 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Aalto University Seppo Leminen is an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1170 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Transdisciplinarity at the Crossroads: Nurturing Individual and Collective Learning %A Chris Riedy %A Dena Fam %A Katie Ross %A Cynthia Mitchell %K collaborative research %K collective learning %K learning journeys %K transdisciplinary innovation %X Practitioners of transdisciplinary inquiry, which we define to include research, learning, collaboration, and action, encounter innumerable tensions. Some tensions are universal, while others are unique to that particular inquiry at that point in time. Resolving these tensions requires innovative practices, which emerge through experience with transdisciplinary inquiry. In this article, we reflect on two decades of transdisciplinary inquiry at the Institute for Sustainable Futures. Drawing on that experience, we argue that one crucial innovative practice is to create space for collective, reflective learning. Such learning frequently takes place in spaces we call “crossroads”. These are formal and informal spaces where practitioners who have been on their own transdisciplinary learning journeys (experiencing diverse tensions and applying diverse approaches) come together in dialogue to share, reflect, critically and constructively question, imagine, challenge, and synthesize their experiences into collective organizational learning. Crossroads can emerge spontaneously but can also be consciously nurtured. In our experience, they help us to sustain the innovation needed for transdisciplinary inquiry and to avoid stagnation or routinization. At these reflective, and often times transformative, crossroads, we make sense of our messy, non-linear transdisciplinary journeys and develop innovations to take our transdisciplinary practices forward. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 41-49 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1177 %N 8 %1 University of Technology Sydney Chris Riedy is Professor of Sustainability Governance and Director of Higher Degree Research at the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. Chris applies futures thinking, participatory processes, and social theory to practical experiments in transformative change for sustainability. Between 2014 and 2016, he helped the Wintec Institute of Technology in New Zealand to establish a new Master of Transdisciplinary Research and Innovation. He runs workshops on cross-disciplinary supervision at the University of Technology Sydney and experimented with a transdisciplinary learning lab to give research students a taste of transdisciplinary research. Chris is a Senior Research Fellow of the Earth System Governance project, Lead Steward of the Meta-Narratives Working Group of the SDG Transformation Forum, and a member of the editorial boards for Futures and the Journal of Futures Studies. He writes a blog on thriving within planetary boundaries called PlanetCentric (http://chrisriedy.me). %2 University of Technology Sydney Dena Fam is Research Director and Chancellor’s Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. Over the last decade, Dena has worked with industry, government, and community actors to collaboratively manage, design, research, and trial alternative water and sanitation systems with the aim of sustainably managing sewage and reducing its environmental impact on the water cycle. Her consulting/research experience has spanned socio-cultural (learning for sustainability), institutional (policy analysis), and technological aspects of environmental management. With experience in transdisciplinary project development, Dena has increasingly been involved in developing processes for teaching and learning in transdisciplinary programs and projects. In particular, she has been involved in documenting and synthesizing processes/methods/techniques supporting the development of transdisciplinary educational programs and projects. Dena has led and co-led international transdisciplinary networking events, grants, and projects including an Australian-funded teaching and learning grant. %3 University of Technology Sydney Katie Ross is a Research Principal at the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF) at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. Her interest focus on ways to create meaningful and well-directed change towards sustainable futures. She specializes in transdisciplinary action research that agitates for change in social, technical, and governance systems. Katie is currently pursuing her doctorate on the philosophy, processes, and practices of transformative learning for sustainability. %4 University of Technology Sydney Cynthia Mitchell is Deputy Director and Professor of Sustainability at the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, where she has been pioneering transdisciplinary research since 2001, principally in learning, water services and international development. She founded, and for 13 years directed, the Institute’s higher degree research program. Her research has won national and international awards from academia and industry. She has an honorary doctorate from Chalmers University in Sweden for her interdisciplinary work for the environment, and she is a fellow of the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, a fellow of Engineers Australia, and a fellow of the Institute of Community Directors of Australia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1177 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Transdisciplinary Research in the Built Environment: A Question of Time %A Paula Femenías %A Liane Thuvander %K built environment %K consecutive projects %K innovation processes %K practical experiences %K sustainable renovation %K transdisciplinary research %X In this article, we reflect on 14 years of experience with transdisciplinary research in the built environment. We critically consider challenges and pitfalls in relation to normative definitions of transdisciplinary research derived from the literature. Our experiences from five transdisciplinary research projects are presented with a focus on each project’s aim, size, organization of work, and funding. Results show that different kinds of transdisciplinary research approaches co-exist and that these can serve different purposes and situations. In most cases, transdisciplinary projects lead to raised levels of awareness of the complexity of real-world problems among participating partners. In some cases, the outcome is a useful innovation, in order to support such innovation, a focus on real cases is encouraged. However, there might be a trade-off between the focused attention on a real case and the maintained interest among diverse participants in a larger project. An important insight is that innovation and knowledge development through transdisciplinary settings take time. It is favourable for the development of networks, common visions, trust, and innovation if consecutive transdisciplinary projects can be arranged with the same partners. We conclude the article by providing practical guidelines to support the management of transdisciplinary projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 27-40 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1176 %N 8 %1 Chalmers University of Technology Paula Femenías is an Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Femenías works mainly in transdisciplinary and collaborative research projects with the aim of understanding and supporting innovation towards more sustainable building and transformation of the built environment. A special interest is the links between architectural design and long-term environmental, economic, cultural, and social sustainability. Femenías conducts research with others within SIRen (strong research environment for Sustainable Integrated Renovation), the Centre for Residential Architecture at Chalmers, and HSB Living Lab. %2 Chalmers University of Technology Liane Thuvander is an Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Her research interests concern the field of sustainable building, especially with regards to the visualization of environmental and social aspects in existing buildings; sustainable integrated renovation; and implementation of sustainable building knowledge in practice. With others, she develops visualization strategies and methodologies for spatial value mapping involving participatory approaches in renovation and transformation of neighbourhoods. A major part of Thuvander’s research is carried out in interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary environments with partners from academia, municipalities, NGOs, authorities, and a number of actors in the construction sector such as property managers, architects, and technical consultants. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1176 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Transnational Entrepreneurship: Distinctive Features and a New Definition %A Eduardo Bailetti %K cross-border %K definition %K entrepreneurship %K features %K topic modelling %K transnational %X Definitions of transnational entrepreneurship are too general making it difficult to understand what distinguishes transnational entrepreneurship from other forms of entrepreneurship. In addition, these definitions identify the “immigrant”, “ethnic”, or “migrant” entrepreneur as the focal actor rather than the company. This makes it difficult to align transnational entrepreneurship with the theory of the firm and provide practical insights to practitioners. This article examines 11 definitions of transnational entrepreneurship, discovers the groups of words that best represent the information in a corpus comprised of 44 journal articles, identifies the key features that distinguish transnational entrepreneurship from other forms of entrepreneurship, and advances a new definition of transnational entrepreneurship. The results indicate that transnational entrepreneurship has two key distinctive features: cross-border investment logic and institutional distance – the difference in institutional context between countries. Accordingly, transnational entrepreneurship may be usefully defined as “a cross-border investment to acquire, combine, and recombine specialized individuals and heterogeneous assets to create and capture value for the company under conditions of institutional distance and uncertainty”. This proposed definition builds on the features that make transnational entrepreneurship distinctive, is consistent with the theory of the firm, and carries implications for how to grow companies at an early stage. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 28-38 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1184 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Eduardo Bailetti is a graduate student undertaking a master’s degree in Entrepreneurship from the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BA in Economics, at Carleton University and has experience in industry as a manager and a venture founder. His research interests focus on combining and applying theory and practice to grow new ventures early, rapidly, and securely. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1184 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Tread Carefully: Managing Identities and Expectations in High-Tech Industry–Academia Collaborations %A Els De Maeijer %A Tom Van Hout %A Mathieu Weggeman %A Ger Post %K critical discourse awareness %K industry-academia %K interaction %K leadership %K Open innovation %X Industry–academia collaborations are in continual flux. The changing role of academics is reflected in the interaction between industry and academia. In this article, we examine how meetings as a genre are used to establish and alter the roles and identities of participants. First, interactional analysis shows that a meeting set-up revolving around academic presentations confirms an old role division between collaborators where academic contributions are vulnerable to undervaluation. Second, we found that so called “leading individuals” show critical discourse awareness that allows partners to reposition themselves in relation to each other. They use interactional strategies to create a joint purpose, empower participants to jointly realign, and motivate them to openly share progress. This results in a power shift where academics feel free to pursue their agendas. With this article, we try to understand how the choice of linguistic features shapes social and interpersonal relations in industry–academia collaborations by focusing on open innovation as a socially contingent process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 29-43 %8 10/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1191 %N 10 %1 Technical University of Eindhoven Els De Maeijer is a linguist and PhD Candidate at the Technical University of Eindhoven, Netherlands, where she is investigating open innovation collaborations between industry and academia. She challenges the idea that creating openness is just a matter of tweaking the conditions of collaborations. That is why she intensively studies the interaction between the collaborators themselves. Her work has been published in the Journal of Innovation Management, and she was the runner-up in the award for Best PhD Student Paper at the World Open Innovation Conference in 2017. %2 University of Antwerp Tom Van Hout is Associate Professor and Academic Director of the Institute of Professional and Academic Communication at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. He holds a secondary appointment at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He studies professional and media communication to understand how expertise is performed, audiences are anticipated, and social events get represented. He is a founding member of two international research networks: Discourse in Organizations and NewsTalk&Text. Recent publications include journal articles in Text & Talk and IEEE Transactions in Professional Communication and book chapters in edited volumes published by Routledge and Oxford University Press. %3 Technical University of Eindhoven Mathieu Weggeman is Professor of Organization Management and specifically Innovation Management at the Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences at the Technical University of Eindhoven, the Netherlands. He focuses on understanding and explaining innovation processes in technological, knowledge-intensive, and cultural organizations. He has a special interest in leadership and strategy in teams and organizations, and he supervises research on the motives of professionals to share knowledge. He is the author of the book Leading Professionals? Don’t! A Continental European Perspective. %4 Fontys University of Applied Science Ger Post is a Lector of Business Entrepreneurship at the Fontys University of Applied Science in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. He specializes and offers consultancy in entrepreneurship, personal competences, internal entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship in networks. Ger has been involved in research aimed at changes in business, such as open innovation, clusters and alliances, facility sharing, and campus development. He is connected to the Fontys Center for Entrepreneurship and to the Centre of Expertise for High Tech Systems and Materials. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1191 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Understanding the Role of Rural Entrepreneurs in Telecentre Sustainability: A Comparative Study of the Akshaya and eSeva Projects in India %A Gaurav Mishra %A Balakrishnan Unny R %K developing countries %K entrepreneurship %K India %K services %K sustainability %K telecentres %X In rural areas of India, telecentres provide access to computers and other digital technologies and have been utilized as a delivery channel for various government services. Following a public–private partnership (PPP) model, there is a general belief among policy makers that the revenue from government-to-consumer (G2C) services would be sufficient to cover the village-level entrepreneurs’ cash flow requirements and therefore provide financial sustainability. Also, the literature suggests that telecentres have a large enough market for public-access businesses to be commercially viable. In India, around 100,000 telecentres are being set up to serve 600,000 villages – one telecentre for every six villages – to provide one-window access to government services. In the literature, a lack of government services is often quoted as a reason for telecentre failure. This study, using an exploratory approach, aims to understand the parameters that relate to the sustainability of telecentres across a number of common, government-related services. It is observed that some telecentres perform better than the others even though they have the same number of government-related services. Reasons for such differences are explored and the learnings from this research will benefit the stakeholders who are engaged in providing telecentre-based services in other developing countries. In addition, a theoretical framework is suggested to understand the dynamics between different types of sustainability parameters such as financial, social, staff, technology, and institutional. The findings of this research have policy implications in terms of the way services are designed and delivered through telecentres in developing countries such as India. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 16-23 %8 01/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1130 %N 1 %1 Nirma University Gaurav Mishra is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Management at Nirma University in Ahmedabad, India. Before joining Nirma University, he was associated with the Development Management Institute in Patna and the Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology in Gandhinagar as Assistant Professor. He also worked with International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad in the Knowledge Management and Sharing department. He received his PhD from the University of Reading, United Kingdom. His thesis focused on understanding adoption, social Inequality, and development impact with respect to e-government centres in rural India. He also holds an MS degree from Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology. %2 National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli Balakrishnan Unny R is currently pursuing his PhD in the area of software project management from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli (NIT Trichy) in Tamil Nadu, India. He has over 10 years of experience in academia and consulting in the area of IT and risk. He has executed projects in information security, business continuity, IT risk, and IT process improvements. Prof. Balakrishnan also has experience working in projects across multiple domains including financial markets, telecommunications, and IT service provision. He holds an MBA from the University of Sheffield, United Kingdom, with a specialization in IT and risk management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1130 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Using Constructive Research to Structure the Path to Transdisciplinary Innovation and Its Application for Precision Public Health with Big Data Analytics %A Carolyn McGregor %K adaption %K big data %K critical care %K precision public health %K resilience %K transdisciplinary innovation %X New approaches to complex societal challenges require a diverse mix of resources and skillsets from different disciplines to create solutions that are of a transdisciplinary innovation nature. The constructive research method enables the purposeful creation of methods, modules, tools, and techniques that have applicability well beyond the case study that motivated their creation. This research presents a bottom-up approach that follows a structured path to transdisciplinary innovation. A method is presented that demonstrates how a set of innovative research collaborations progress from disciplinary innovation to multidisciplinary innovation and ultimately onto interdisciplinary innovation. Anchored in overlapping computer science concepts, drawing on the constructive research methodology for purposeful synthesis and integration between the projects, a greater transdisciplinary goal can emerge. This method is demonstrated through a case study involving a set of big data analytics research projects involving diverse disciplines such as computer science, critical care medicine, aerospace, tactical operations, and public health. The resultant collective vision for transdisciplinary innovation that has resulted offers new approaches to maintaining individual wellness within communities across their entire lifespan on earth and in space. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 7-15 %8 08/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1174 %N 8 %1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Carolyn McGregor AM is the Canada Research Chair (Alumni) in Health Informatics based at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada. She received her BAScH in Computer Science (1st class) degree and her PhD degree in Computer Science from the University of Technology Sydney in Australia. Dr. McGregor has led pioneering research in big data analytics, real-time stream processing, temporal data mining, patient journey modelling, and cloud computing. She now progresses this research within the context of critical care medicine, mental health, astronaut health, and military and civilian tactical training. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1174 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Value Creation in the Internet of Things: Mapping Business Models and Ecosystem Roles %A Heini Ikävalko %A Petra Turkama %A Anssi Smedlund %K business model %K ecosystem %K Internet of Things %K role %K value co-creation %X The increasing connectivity provided by the Internet of Things (IoT) supports novel business opportunities for actors in overlapping service systems. Therefore, the co-creative nature of IoT business needs to be further studied. This article reports an empirical study on a European IoT initiative. It contributes to the understudied area of IoT ecosystem dynamics by describing different actor roles and activities in the IoT use cases, and their implications for value creation in IoT ecosystems. Our findings show how IoT ecosystem actors may take the roles of ideator, designer, or intermediary in different IoT design layers, and we recommend this perspective to better understand and describe ecosystem business models. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 5-15 %8 03/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1142 %N 3 %1 Aalto University Heini Ikävalko holds a Doctor of Science degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology’s Department of Industrial Engineering and Management in Finland. She has worked as postdoctoral researcher at the Helsinki University of Technology and the Aalto University School of Science. Her current research at Aalto University’s School of Business Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research focuses on business models, innovation management, and strategy in the digital transformation. %2 Aalto University Petra Turkama is the Director of the Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) at Aalto University in Finland. She worked for Nokia in Finland and Germany for 10 years before moving to academia and receiving her PhD in Science from Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland. She is an active contributor to research and conferences in the area of service and technology management and innovation and entrepreneurship. She serves as an adjunct faculty to several universities in the United Arab Emirates. %3 Aalto University Anssi Smedlund is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research (CKIR) at Aalto University in Finland. He received his PhD in Industrial Engineering and Management from the Aalto School of Science. He has acted as a principal investigator in numerous service science and innovation management research projects and has held visiting positions at Tokyo Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley Haas School of Business. Dr. Smedlund has published various peer-reviewed publications in the journals, conferences, and books in the fields of knowledge management, service science, and information system science. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1142 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T What Do Business Customers Value? An Empirical Study of Value Propositions in a Servitization Context %A Kwesi Sakyi-Gyinae %A Maria Holmlund %K customer value in use %K service transition %K servitization %K value proposition %K value-in-use dimension %X This study was conducted in response to calls from the research community and industry for a greater empirical exploration of value propositions. It uses customer value-in-use as a starting point and employs empirical data on value propositions in a servitization context. The findings demonstrate how customers articulate the value-in-use, or benefits, of a selected offering. These results are subsequently used to develop value proposition elements that are aligned with these benefits. The implications for the value proposition literature and for companies in a servitization situation are discussed. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 36-43 %8 05/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1157 %N 5 %1 Hanken School of Economics Kwesi Sakyi-Gyinae is an MSc graduate from the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, and he currently works in the United States helping technology startups to create and implement strategic sales processes to maximize revenue. %2 Hanken School of Economics Maria Holmlund is a Professor of Marketing at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where she also received her PhD. Her research interests include methodological and conceptual issues related to service and customer-oriented management in business-to-business and business-to-consumer markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1157 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T When a New Platform Enters a Market, What Is the Impact on Incumbents? %A Andreas J. Steur %K impact of market entry %K incumbents %K multi-sided market %K platform competition %K platforms %K two-sided market %X Digital platforms enable new forms of business models with the potential to disrupt and transform many industries. However, the impact of a platform’s market entry on incumbents has not been taken into account. In this article, our objective is to provide evidence of the impact that a platform’s market entry could have on incumbents. We proposed several hypotheses based on a literature review and then evaluated them using a large dataset from the taxi industry in New York City. Our analysis showed several changes after a platform’s market entry. In contrast to previous understanding, the results indicate that the winner-takes-it-all-effect does not generally apply to the competition between new platforms and incumbents. Regarding the date of changes following a platform’s market entry, we observed a chicken-or-egg problem in the competition between a platform and incumbents. Consequently, our results indicate that incumbents have at least one year to react to the market entry and to make adjustments. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 44-53 %8 10/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1192 %N 10 %1 Ulm University Andreas J. Steur is Research Assistant at the Institute of Technology and Process Management (ITOP) at Ulm University, Germany. His research focuses on the management of digital platforms, particularly the competitive behaviour of digital platforms, which includes both competition between several digital platforms and competition between digital platforms and incumbents. Furthermore, his research examines the design of feedback mechanisms for digital platforms and approaches for scaling a platform. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1192 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Academic Publishing, Internet Technology, and Disruptive Innovation %A Haven Allahar %K academic publishing %K disruptive innovation %K internet technology and publishing %K journal publishing %K open access publishing models %X After 350 years of operation, the academic journal publishing industry is imbalanced and in flux as a result of the impacts of Internet technology, which has led, over the past 20 years, to the rise of open access publishing. The introduction of open access journals, in the opinion of many researchers, is considered to be a case of disruptive innovation that is revolutionizing the industry. This article analyzes the traditional journal publishing system, the recent open access models of journal publishing as an evolving phenomenon, the nature and extent of open access as a disruptive innovation, and the implications for key stakeholders. The major finding is that open access publishing has gained traction because technology has contributed to lower publication costs, easier access to research articles, and speedier publishing processes. However, the threat posed by open access has not significantly impacted traditional publishers because of strategies employed by the major publishers and slow adoption of open access by some researchers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 47-56 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1120 %N 11 %1 University of the West Indies Haven Allahar is an Adjunct Lecturer in Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Graduate School of Business of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad and Tobago. Haven has over 40 years of management experience in the public and private sectors of Trinidad and Tobago, having held corporate management positions as COO at an industrial development company and CEO at both small business development and urban development companies. Over the past 15 years, he was a co-owner and Managing Director of a development planning consulting firm. Haven holds a BSc in Economics from the University of the West Indies in Mona, Jamaica, a Diploma in Hotel Administration from Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada, an MA in Management from American Public University in West Virginia, United States, and a DBA in Entrepreneurship from California Intercontinental University, United States. Specialized training was undertaken in Industrial Project Planning, Financing, and Management at Bradford University, England and the Central School of Planning and Statistics, Warsaw, Poland. Haven’s publications are available at Academia. Edu and ResearchGate. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1120 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Accelerating Research Innovation by Adopting the Lean Startup Paradigm %A Kaisa Still %K commercialization %K context %K innovation %K innovation acceleration %K innovation paradox %K lean startup %K research %K research organization %K VTT %X Converting scientific expertise into marketable products and services is playing an increasingly important role in the launching of new ventures, the growth of existing firms, and the creation of new jobs. In this article, we explore how the lean startup paradigm, which validates the market for a product with a business model that can sustain subsequent scaling, has led to a new process model to accelerate innovation. We then apply this paradigm to the context of research at universities and other research organizations. The article is based on the assumption that the organizational context matters, and it shows how a deeper understanding of the research context could enable an acceleration of the innovation process. We complement theoretical examples with a case example from VTT Technical Research Institute of Finland. Our findings show that many of the concepts from early-acceleration phases – and the lean startup paradigm – can also be relevant in innovation discussions within the research context. However, the phase of value-proposition discovery is less adequately addressed, and that of growth discovery, with its emphasis on building on a scalable, sustainable business does not seem to be addressed with the presented innovation approaches from the research context. Hence, the entrepreneurial activities at the research context differ from those in startups and internal startups in established organizations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 32-43 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1075 %N 5 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Kaisa Still is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has extensive experience of innovation management gained within a research organization and a university, in a startup and in growth companies, as well as in a business incubator. Supporting collaboration, co-creation and innovation with technology continues to be at the core of her interests. Her current work concentrates on platforms and innovation ecosystems, accelerating innovation activities, and digital opportunities. Combined with the policy perspective, her work extends to private and public organizations, in regional and global contexts. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1075 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Action Research as a Framework to Evaluate the Operations of a Living Lab %A Sara Logghe %A Dimitri Schuurman %K action research %K Living lab %K panel management %K participatory action research %K user research %X In this article, we propose an action research approach to capture and act upon the delights and frustrations of panel members who participate in living lab research in order to optimize the operations of the living lab itself. We used this approach to test the effectiveness of action research in providing guidelines to practitioners to evaluate and design effective and sustainable user involvement processes in living labs. We conducted a focused literature review and an in-depth case study of both the integration of a researcher within the community and the implementation of an action research project within an existing living lab. This living lab is regarded as both a forerunner and a best-practice example in Europe. Based on our findings, we recommend co-creating the “operations” of a living lab with the users themselves following a combined action research and living lab approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 35-41 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1056 %N 2 %1 imec – MICT – Ghent University Sara Logghe is a Living Lab Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds master’s degrees in History and Communication Sciences from Ghent University, and her research interests include the potential of social media for cultural institutions, the changing library landscape, and living labs. %2 imec – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1056 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Anticipating Alternative Futures for the Platform Economy %A Mikko Dufva %A Raija Koivisto %A Leena Ilmola-Sheppard %A Seija Junno %K foresight %K morphological analysis %K platform economy %K platforms %K portfolio modelling %K resilience %K scenarios %K strategy %X Despite the considerable hype around platforms, our understanding of what the platform economy means and what drivers will define future development trajectories is limited. Companies and policy makers have a great need to investigate what potential opportunities will arise from the platform economy. A shared perception of uncertainties and a strong vision are prerequisites for the development of the platform economy. In this article, we describe a systematic way to develop a resilient vision for a new platform ecosystem, both from the viewpoint of national policy makers and corporate strategy makers in the heavy engineering industry. The process uses morphological analysis for scenario development and robust portfolio modelling for creating resilient strategies. The results include a list of key uncertainties, three general scenarios (sustainable development by Europe; polarization driven by China and the United States; US-driven fast, unreliable growth) as well as steel-industry specific scenarios based on these uncertainties, elements of a resilient vision, and strategies for coping with the uncertainties described by the scenarios. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-16 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1102 %N 9 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Mikko Dufva is a Research Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland working in the field of foresight. He has completed projects and research related to the futures of work, the platform economy, synthetic biology, forestry, mining, and the use of renewable energy. He holds a Doctor of Science degree in Technology, and his dissertation was about knowledge creation in foresight from a systems perspective. He has broad methodological expertise ranging from systems thinking, decision analysis, and optimization to interactive planning, scenario analysis, and participatory methods. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Raija Koivisto is a Principal Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has over 30 years’ experience in research and consultancy in risk management, safety, security, and foresight-related areas. Her main interest is to try to understand and manage phenomena and their impacts on people, organizations, and society by using risk management and foresight methods. Her current research focuses on the platform economy, ethics, pandemic risks in transport hubs, and resilience of infrastructures. %3 International Institute for Advanced Systems Analysis Leena Ilmola-Sheppard is a Senior Research Scholar in the International Institute for Advanced Systems Analysis (IIASA). Her research theme is uncertainty and resilience of social systems. She is developing new modelling methods for foresight and tools for pragmatic decision making. Her current projects include developing management systems for resilience. %4 SSAB Seija Junno is a Director of Business Model Development at SSAB. She was the leader of the SmartSteel project. She has over 30 years of experience in R&D, especially in activating new business development and business models, driving user experience and service business mindset into R&D and communicating, and making results understandable. She has also been involved in developing the innovation system around metal and steel industry as part of the Finnish Metals and Engineering Competence Cluster Ltd (FIMECC) network program. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1102 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Anticipating the Economic Benefits of Blockchain %A Melanie Swan %K blockchain %K cryptocurrencies %K cryptoeconomics %K cybersecurity %K digital asset registries %K digital goods %K distributed ledgers %K economics %K eWallet %K lightning network %K long tail markets %K payment channels %K programmable money %K smart assets %K smart contracts %K streaming money %X In this general overview article intended for non-experts, I define blockchain technology and some of the key concepts, and then I elaborate four specific applications that highlight the potential economic benefits of digital ledgers. These applications are digital asset registries, blockchains as leapfrog technology for global financial inclusion, long-tail personalized economic services, and net settlement payment channels. I also highlight key challenges that offset the potential economic benefits of blockchain distributed ledgers, while arguing that the benefits would outweigh the potential risks. The overarching theme is that an increasing amount of everyday operations involving money, assets, and documents could start to be conducted via blockchain-based distributed network ledgers with cryptographic security, and at more granular levels of detail. One economic implication of widespread blockchain adoption is that the institutional structure of society could shift to one that is computationally-based and thus has a diminished need for human-operated brick-and-mortar institutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-13 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1102 %N 10 %1 Purdue University Melanie Swan is a technology theorist in the Philosophy Department at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. She is the author of the best-selling book Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy (2015), which has been translated into six languages. She is the founder of several startups including the Institute for Blockchain Studies, DIYgenomics, GroupPurchase, and the MS Futures Group. Ms. Swan's educational background includes an MBA in Finance and Accounting from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, an MA in Contemporary Continental Philosophy from Kingston University London and Université Paris 8, and a BA in French and Economics from Georgetown University. She is a faculty member at Singularity University and the University of the Commons, an Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, and an invited contributor to the Edge's Annual Essay Question. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1109 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Big Data and Individual Privacy in the Age of the Internet of Things %A Mackenzie Adams %K big data %K cybersecurity %K data breaches %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K privacy %K smart devices %X The availability of “big data” and “smart” products are credited with advancing solutions to complex problems in medicine, transportation, and education, among others. However, with big data comes big responsibility. The collection, storage, sharing, and analysis of data are far outpacing individual privacy protections, whether technological or legislative. The Internet of Things (IoT), with its promise to create networks of networks, will magnify individual data privacy threats. Recent data breaches, exposing the personal information of millions of users, provide insight into the vulnerability of personal data. Although seemingly expansive, there are core individual privacy issues that are central to current big data breaches and anticipated IoT threats. This article examines both big data and the IoT using examples of data privacy breaches to illustrate the impact of individual data loss. Furthermore, the article examines the complexity of tackling technological and legislative challenges in protecting individual privacy. It concludes by summarizing these issues in terms of the future implications of the IoT and the loss of privacy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 12-24 %8 04/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1067 %N 4 %1 SOMANDA Inc. Mackenzie Adams is Co-Founder and Creative Director at SOMANDA Inc., and she is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. As an avid learner and serial entrepreneur, Mackenzie is always seeking new challenges to continue evolving and expanding her interests, knowledge base, and skills. Her interests span the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, EdTech, and FinTech. Her passion is to find and cultivate the next generation of innovators in underserved communities. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1067 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A Blockchain Ecosystem for Digital Identity: Improving Service Delivery in Canada’s Public and Private Sectors %A Greg Wolfond %K blockchain %K consumer privacy %K cybersecurity %K digital assets %K digital attributes %K digital identity %K identity fraud %K identity verification %K online privacy %K online security %X Blockchain-based solutions have the potential to make government operations more efficient and improve the delivery of services in the public and private sectors. Identity verification and authentication technologies, as one of the applications of blockchain-based solutions – and the focus of our own efforts at SecureKey Technologies – have been critical components in service delivery in both sectors due to their power to increase trust between citizens and the services they access. To convert trust into solid value added, identities must be validated through highly-reliable technologies, such as blockchain, that have the capacity to reduce cost and fraud and to simplify the experience for customers while also keeping out the bad actors. With identities migrating to digital platforms, organizations and citizens need to be able to transact with reduced friction even as more counter-bound services move to online delivery. In this article, drawing on our own experiences with an ecosystem approach to digital identity, we describe the potential value of using blockchain technology to address the present and future challenges of identity verification and authentication within a Canadian context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 35-40 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1112 %N 10 %1 SecureKey Technologies Greg Wolfond is the Founder of SecureKey Technologies and brings more than 30 years of experience in fintech, security, and mobile solutions to his role as Chief Executive Officer. Greg is a serial entrepreneur whose earlier ventures include Footprint Software Inc., a financial software company he sold to IBM, and 724 Solutions Inc., a wireless infrastructure software provider he took public. He sits on several boards and has been recognized as one of Canada’s Top 40 Under 40, Entrepreneur of the Year, and one of the 100 Top Leaders in Identity. Greg holds a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science from the University of Western Ontario, Canada, and a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry and Life Sciences from the University of Toronto, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1112 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Categorization of Innovation Tools in Living Labs %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K innovation tool %K Living lab %K method %K Open innovation %K user innovation %X This article examines the link between innovation processes and the use of innovation tools in living labs. So doing, it develops a conceptual framework based on the literature to analyze 40 living labs in different countries. The study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a new typology of living labs based on their innovation process characteristics and usage of tools: linearizer, iterator, mass customizer, and tailor. Moreover, it proposes three ways to organize innovation activities in living labs. The article concludes by providing a set of implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research on living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 15-25 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1046 %N 1 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1046 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Collaborative Capability in Coworking Spaces: Convenience Sharing or Community Building? %A Marcelo F. Castilho %A Carlos O. Quandt %K collaboration %K collaborative knowledge work %K collaborative workspaces %K coworking %K innovativeness %X This study explores the development of collaborative capability in coworking spaces. It is based on the perception of collaboration among 31 coworking founders, community managers, and coworkers of those spaces. In-depth interviews around the meaning of collaboration and its challenges were conducted in 14 coworking spaces located in six Asian countries. A set of factors was identified and a model was proposed based on a set of four dimensions: enabling knowledge sharing, enhancing a creative field, enhancing an individual action for the collective, and supporting a collective action to an effective execution. The “Convenience Sharing” and “Community Building” coworking types based on Capdevila (2014) suggest different conditions under which collaborative capability develops. Convenience Sharing coworking spaces tend to foster collaborative capability through knowledge sharing and effective execution, whereas Community Building coworking spaces tend to foster collaborative capability by enhancing a creative field and individual action for the collective. Overall, this study contributes to a theoretical model for coworking spaces to help coworking founders and community managers make strategic decisions. The findings suggest that collaborative capability in coworking spaces depends on the interlacing of a set of factors along four dimensions that relate in varying degrees of intensity to a two-fold coworking space typology. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 32-42 %8 12/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1126 %N 12 %1 Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná Marcelo F. Castilho is a PhD student at the Business School of Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) in Curitiba, Brazil. He holds a Master of Arts in Automotive Design from Coventry University in the United Kingdom. His professional background includes a 22-year career dealing with product innovation, first as an expert and later as a design manager in the commercial vehicle sector. His research and consulting work includes organizations in search for collaboration capabilities and design thinking methods to achieve results, considering aspects of creativity, innovation, sustainability, and individual wellbeing and inner balance. %2 Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná Carlos O. Quandt is a Professor at the Business School of Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) in Curitiba, Brazil. He received his PhD in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the United States. His research and consulting work include projects for the Institute of the Americas, the International Research and Development Centre (Canada), the Center for North American Integration and Development, the New Vision Business Council of Southern California, the Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies (USA). His key areas of interest and experience are in the fields of innovation and knowledge management, innovativeness, clusters and networks, and regional development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1126 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Combining Exploratory Analysis and Automated Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Real-Time Data Streams %A Ahmed Shah %A Ibrahim Abualhaol %A Mahmoud Gad %A Michael Weiss %K anomaly detection %K cybersecurity %K exploratory analysis %K real-time data streams %K visualization %X Security analysts can become overwhelmed with monitoring real-time security information that is important to help them defend their network. They also tend to focus on a limited portion of the alerts, and therefore risk missing important events and links between them. At the heart of the problem is the system that analysts use to detect, explore, and respond to cyber-attacks. Developers of security analysis systems face the challenge of developing a system that can present different sources of information at multiple levels of abstraction, while also creating a system that is intuitive to use. In this article, we examine the complementary nature of exploratory analysis and automated analysis by testing the development of a system that monitors real-time Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) traffic for anomalies that might indicate security threats. BGP is an essential component for supporting the infrastructure of the Internet; however, it is also highly vulnerable and can be hijacked by attackers to propagate spam or launch denial-of-service attacks. Some of the attack scenarios on the BGP infrastructure can be quite elaborate, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to fully automate the detection of such attacks. This article makes two contributions: i) it describes a prototype platform for computing indicators and threat alerts in real time and for visualizing the context of an alert, and ii) it discusses the interaction of exploratory analysis (visualization) and automated analysis. This article is relevant to students, security researchers, and developers who are interested in the development or use of real-time security monitoring systems. They will gain insights into the complementary aspects of automated analysis and exploratory analysis through the development of a real-time streaming system. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 25-31 %8 04/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1068 %N 4 %1 VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation Ahmed Shah holds a BEng in Software Engineering from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Canada, and a MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Ahmed has experience working in a wide variety of research roles at the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation, the Global Cybersecurity Resource, and Carleton University. %2 Carleton University Ibrahim Abualhaol is a Research Scientist at Larus Technologies and an Adjunct Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BSc, an MSc, and a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is a senior member of IEEE and a Professional Engineer (P.Eng) in Ontario, Canada. His research interests include real-time big-data analytics and its application in cybersecurity and wireless communication systems. %3 VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation Mahmoud M. Gad is a Research Scientist at the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation. He holds a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Ottawa in Canada. Additionally, he holds an MSc in ECE from the University of Maryland in College Park, United States. His research interests include big-data analytics for cybersecurity, cyber-physical system risk assessment, cybercrime markets, and analysis of large-scale networks. %4 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1068 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Comparing the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems for Technology Startups in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India %A M H Bala Subrahmanya %K Bangalore %K ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K Hyderabad %K India %K startups %K technology %X Technology startups are gaining increasing attention from policy makers the world over because they are seen as a means of encouraging innovations, spurring the development of new products and services, and generating employment. Technology startups tend to thrive when inserted in a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Therefore, ecosystem promotion is being given increasing policy support. However, the emergence and structure of entrepreneurial ecosystems for technology startups have hardly been traced and examined in detail. In India, Bangalore occupies a unique position in the startup world, and Hyderabad is fast emerging as one of the promising startup hubs in the country. Given this background, we set out to explore and examine the structure, evolution, and growth of ecosystems for technology startups in the context of Bangalore and Hyderabad. Both the ecosystems emerged due to the initial foundation laid in the form of government–industry–academia triple helix and their interactions leading to the emergence of a modern industrial cluster followed by an information technology and biotechnology cluster, which then led to R&D cluster serving both the cities. These three clusters together, gradually and steadily, facilitated an entrepreneurial ecosystem for technology startups to emerge. The ecosystem operates within the triple helix model and has a nucleus with two outer layers: i) an inner layer of primary (indispensable) factors and ii) an outer layer of supplementary (secondary) factors. Through the analysis of the experiences of Bangalore and Hyderabad and their ecosystem evolution, its structure, and components, we derive key lessons for others within and beyond India. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 47-62 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1090 %N 7 %1 Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore M H Bala Subrahmanya is a Professor of Economics in the Department of Management Studies at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India. He joined Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore as an Assistant Professor in 1996, was promoted to Associate Professor in 2002, and further to a Professor in 2008. He has more than 27 years of professional experience, of which more than 21 years are at the IISc. During his professional career, he received a Commonwealth Fellowship (1999–2000), a Japan Foundation Fellowship (2004/2005), and a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Fellowship (2009/2010). He holds a PhD in Economics from the Institute for Social & Economic Change (ISEC) in Bangalore, and his field of specialization is Industrial Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1090 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Convergent Innovation in Emerging Healthcare Technology Ecosystems: Addressing Complexity and Integration %A Mark A. Phillips %A Tomás S. Harrington %A Jagjit Singh Srai %K complexity %K convergent innovation %K ecosystems %K healthcare %K integration %X Precision Medicine and Digital Health are emerging areas in healthcare, and they are underpinned by convergent or cross-industry innovation. However, convergence results in greater uncertainty and complexity in terms of technologies, value networks, and organization. There has been limited empirical research on emerging and convergent ecosystems, especially in addressing the issue of integration. This research identifies how organizations innovate in emerging and convergent ecosystems, specifically, how they address the challenge of integration. We base our research on empirical analyses using a series of longitudinal case studies employing a combination of case interviews, field observations, and documents. Our findings identify a need to embrace the complexity by adopting a variety of approaches that balance “credibility-seeking” and “advantage-seeking” behaviours, to navigate, negotiate, and nurture both the innovation and ecosystem, in addition to a combination of “analysis” and “synthesis” actions to manage aspects of integration. We contribute to the convergent innovation agenda and provide practical approaches for innovators in this domain. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-54 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1105 %N 9 %1 University of Cambridge Mark A. Phillips is a Doctoral Researcher in the Institute of Manufacturing at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. His research focuses on innovation, emergent ecosystems, “convergence”, and healthcare technologies. Before embarking on his PhD, Mark was a Senior Vice President and Head of Development, Supply and Service for diagnostics at GlaxoSmithKline. He held a variety of roles in a career spanning 30 years in pharmaceuticals and life sciences covering technical and engineering, manufacturing operations, global supply chain leadership, manufacturing strategy, lean and business change, and new business start-up. He has a first-class honours degree in Chemical Engineering from Loughborough University in the United Kingdom and a Masters in Manufacturing Leadership from Cambridge University, and he is a Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of the Institute of Chemical Engineers. %2 Norwich Business School Tomás S. Harrington is Associate Professor of Digitalisation and Operations Management (Senior Lecturer) within the Innovation, Technology and Operations Management Group at Norwich Business School at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the United Kingdom. Prior to joining the Faculty of Social Sciences at UEA in August 2017, Tomás spent eight years at the University of Cambridge’s Institute for Manufacturing. His research and practice interests focus on industrial systems transformation, enabled by the adoption of advanced manufacturing and digital technologies. He has also held senior roles in industry encompassing new product development, process design, and big data analytics – most recently with Intel Corporation. Tomás holds Bachelor and PhD degrees in Chemistry and an MBA (with distinction) for which he received a Chartered Management Institute award in 2008. %3 University of Cambridge Jagjit Singh Srai is Head of the Centre for International Manufacturing within the Institute for Manufacturing at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. His research focuses on the analysis, design, and operation of international production, supply and service networks, and the disruptive impacts of new technologies, markets, and regulations. As Research Director of Project Remedies, a £23m collaborative research programme involving leading pharmaceutical firms, applied research explores how new technologies may transform healthcare supply chains. Jag also advises leading multinationals, governments, and international institutions including UNCTAD, UNIDO, and WEF. Previous roles have been in industry with Unilever working as a Supply Chain Director of a multinational regional business, Technical Director of a national business, and other senior management positions. He holds a first-class honours degree in Chemical Engineering from Aston University, United Kingdom, and MPhil and PhD degrees in International Supply Networks from Cambridge University, and he is a Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of the Institute of Chemical Engineers. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1105 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Core Interaction of Platforms: How Startups Connect Users and Producers %A Heidi M. E. Korhonen %A Kaisa Still %A Marko Seppänen %A Miika Kumpulainen %A Arho Suominen %A Katri Valkokari %K core interaction %K digital platforms %K multisided markets %K platform business %K platform canvas %K slush event %K startups %K value creation %X The platform economy is disrupting innovation while presenting both opportunities and challenges for startups. Platforms support value creation between multiple participant groups, and this operationalization of an ecosystem’s value co-creation represents the “core interaction” of a platform. This article focuses on that core interaction and studies how startups connect producers and users in value-creating core interaction through digital platforms. The study is based on an analysis of 29 cases of platform startups interviewed at a leading European startup event. The studied startups were envisioning even millions of users and hundreds or thousands of producers co-creating value on their platforms. In such platform businesses, our results highlight the importance of attracting a large user pool, providing novel services to those users, offering a new market for producers, supporting the core interaction in various ways, and utilizing elements of the platform canvas – an adaptation of the business model canvas, which we have accommodated for platform-based business models – to accomplish these goals. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 17-29 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1103 %N 9 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Heidi M. E. Korhonen, PhD, works as a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, in the Business, Innovation, and Foresight research area. She is a professional in business development and research with a long experience of industrial and technology companies. Dr. Korhonen has a Doctor of Science (Tech.) degree from Aalto University School of Science, Finland. Her doctoral dissertation covers customer orientation in industrial service innovation and highlights ecosystems interaction and value co-creation in innovation. The recent work of Dr. Korhonen focuses on digitalization and supporting innovation and ecosystems development in the platform economy. Dr. Korhonen has published her research widely in international peer-reviewed journals, books, and conferences. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Kaisa Still is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has extensive experience of innovation management gained within a research organization, a university, a business incubator, as well as in a startup and in a growth company. Supporting collaboration, co-creation, and innovation with technology continues to be at the core of her interests. Her current work concentrates on platforms and innovation ecosystems, accelerating innovation activities, and digital opportunities. Combined with the policy perspective, her work extends to private and public organizations in regional and global contexts. %3 Tampere University of Technology Marko Seppänen, PhD, is a Full Professor in the field of Industrial Management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Prof. Seppänen is an expert in managing value creation in business ecosystems, business concept development, and innovation management. In his latest research, he has examined, for example, platform-based competition in business ecosystems and innovation management in business networks. His research has appeared in high-quality peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Product Innovation Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, the Journal of Systems and Software, and the International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. %4 Tampere University of Technology Miika Kumpulainen, MSc (Tech), is a doctoral candidate at Tampere University of Technology in Finland. His thesis will cover business relationships and digitalization, and his research interests are in interorganizational relationships and platform ecosystems. Kumpulainen has ten years’ work experience in purchasing functions in industry. %# VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Arho Suominen, PhD, is Senior Scientist in the Innovations, Economy, and Policy unit at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and he also lectures at the Department of Information Technology at the University of Turku. Suominen is also the chairman of the board and co-founder of Teqmine Analytics Ltd, a patent and technology intelligence company. Dr. Suominen’s research focuses on qualitative and quantitative assessment of innovation systems. His research has been funded by the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology, and the Fulbright Center Finland. Dr. Suominen has published work in several journals, including Technological Forecasting and Social Change, the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Science and Public Policy, Scientometrics, the Journal of Systems and Software, and Foresight. Dr. Suominen has a Doctor of Science (Tech.) degree from the University of Turku and holds an Officer’s basic degree from the National Defence University of Finland. %$ VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Katri Valkokari works as a Research Manager at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1103 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Framework that Integrates Value-Sensitive Design %A Aida Alvarenga %A George Tanev %K cybersecurity %K framework %K medical devices %K risk assessment %K value propositions %K value-sensitive design %X Medical devices today are more effective and connected than ever before, saving more patient lives and making healthcare practitioner’s jobs more efficient. But with this interconnectedness comes inherent concerns over increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Medical device cybersecurity has become an increasing concern for all relevant stakeholders including: patients, regulators, manufacturers, and healthcare practitioners. Although cybersecurity in medical devices has been covered in the literature, there is a gap in how to address cybersecurity concerns and assess risks in a way that brings value to all relevant stakeholders. In order to maximize the value created from cybersecurity risk mitigations, we review literature on the state of cybersecurity in the medical device industry, on cybersecurity risk management frameworks in the context of medical devices, and on how cybersecurity can be used as a value proposition. We then synthesize the key contributions of the literature into a framework that integrates cybersecurity value considerations for all relevant stakeholders into the risk mitigation process. This framework is subsequently applied to the hypothetical case of an insulin pump. Using this example case, we illustrate how medical device manufacturers can use the framework as a standardized method that can be applicable to medical devices at large. Our ultimate goal is to make cybersecurity risk mitigation an exploitable asset for manufacturers rather than a regulatory obligation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 32-43 %8 04/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1069 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Aida Alvarenga Castillo is a Master’s student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Aida undertook her undergraduate studies at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, with a focus on Economics, Business Management, and Political Science. She has experience in the financial industry for well-established banks, in a business development role for a technology startup, and as an entrepreneur in launching her own family food business. Within the field of technology innovation, Aida’s main interests are in financial technologies (FinTech) and innovation within the financial industry. %2 Carleton University George Tanev is a Master’s student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. George holds a Master’s of Science degree in Medicine and Technology from the Technical University of Denmark and a Bachelor of Engineering in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering from Carleton University. George has experience in the medical device industry and the air navigation services industry. His interests are in technology entrepreneurship, cybersecurity, medical device product development, signal processing, and data modelling. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1069 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Defining Characteristics of Urban Living Labs %A Kris Steen %A Ellen van Bueren %K characteristics %K cities %K definition %K living labs %K TIM Review %K urban living labs %X The organization of supported and sustainable urban interventions is challenging, with multiple actors involved, fragmented decision-making powers, and multiple values at stake. Globally, urban living labs have become a fashionable phenomenon to tackle this challenge, fostering the development and implementation of innovation, experimentation, and knowledge in urban, real-life settings while emphasizing the important role of participation and co-creation. However, although urban living labs could in this way help cities to speed up the sustainable transition, urban living lab experts agree that, in order to truly succeed in these ambitious tasks, the way urban living labs are being shaped and steered needs further research. Yet, they also confirm the existing variation and opaqueness in the definition of the concept. This article contributes to conceptual clarity by developing an operationalized definition of urban living labs, which has been used to assess 90 sustainable urban innovation projects in the city of Amsterdam. The assessment shows that the majority of the projects that are labelled as living labs do not include one or more of the defining elements of a living lab. In particular, the defining co-creation and development activities were found to be absent in many of the projects. This article makes it possible to categorize alleged living lab projects and distill the “true” living labs from the many improperly labelled or unlabelled living labs, allowing more specific analyses and, ultimately, better targeted methodological recommendations for urban living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-33 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1088 %N 7 %1 Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions Kris Steen is a Research Fellow at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions and the Chair of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, where her academic work focuses on the design of concepts and strategies that produce and promote an urban environment that meets the demands of sustainability, such as “urban living labs”. In 2016, she graduated Cum Laude in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences at the Delft University of Technology. %2 Delft University of Technology Ellen van Bueren is Professor of Urban Development Management at the Delft University of Technology, Principal Investigator at the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, and board member of the Leiden-Delft Erasmus Centre of Sustainability in the Netherlands. Her research and teaching focuses on the development of tangible concepts, tools, and principles for an integrated, area-centred approach to contemporary urban challenges. She is the author of scientific publications and a member of the editorial board of scientific journals in the field of policy management and urban development, and she teaches in various (inter)disciplinary educational settings for students and professionals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1088 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Design-Driven Living Lab: A New Approach to Exploring Solutions to Complex Societal Challenges %A Rens Brankaert %A Elke den Ouden %K design %K Living lab %K societal challenges %K technology probe %X In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of a design-driven living lab as an innovative approach to addressing societal challenges. This living lab incorporates design qualities such as exploration, open-ended results, and disruption. This approach was applied in three case studies within the context of dementia, each of which explored the impact of Qwiek.up – a media system that creates an ambient experience in a room through projection and sound. A cluster analysis of the results in the three case studies showed that the system has considerable potential for people with dementia, and possibly also for other groups. In addition, the design-driven approach led to new applications in care, improved functionality, and a broader design space. Our findings show that design-driven living labs can widen the scope of innovation and improve the value proposition of an innovative solution. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1049 %N 1 %1 Eindhoven University of Technology Rens Brankaert is an Assistant Professor working on design for “Active & Healthy Ageing” within the Business Process Design group in the Department of Industrial Design at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. He received his PhD early in 2016 for work related to design for people with dementia involving the application of living labs. In this work, he aimed to build a bridge between a design-based approach and current healthcare practices. %2 Eindhoven University of Technology Elke den Ouden is based at the Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship Management Group in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. As a TU/e Fellow and Strategic Director of TU/e LightHouse, she forges links between research and industry. Her long history at Philips, including in the role of group leader, has provided her with the network and expertise needed to do perform her current role. Elke operates as the TU/e living lab expert and regularly publishes on this topic. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1049 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Designing a Business Model for Environmental Monitoring Services Using Fast MCDS Innovation Support Tools %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Teemu Räsänen %A Ulla Santti %A Ari Happonen %A Miika Kajanus %K business model %K data collection %K environmental monitoring %K MCDS %K open data %K service innovation %X The free availability of open data provides opportunities to start new businesses and gain business intelligence. However, although data is often used to support decisions and actions, the possibilities offered by modern sensor technologies with connections to cloud-based data collection services are not being effectively capitalized. Data collection systems are also not generally open source solutions, even though open and flexibly adjustable systems would broaden the opportunities for solutions and larger revenue streams. In this article, we used action research methods to discover new business opportunities in a semi-open information system that utilizes environmental monitoring data. We applied a four-stage innovation process for industry, which included context definition, idea generation, and selection, and produced multi-criteria decision support (MCDS) data to help the design of business model. This was done to reveal business opportunities for an environmental monitoring service. Among these opportunities, one service-style business model canvas was identified as feasible and selected for further development. We identified items that are needed in the commercialization process of environmental monitoring services. Our process combines open environmental monitoring data, participative innovation process, and MCDS support, and it supports and accelerates a co-creative business model creation process that is cost-beneficial in terms of saving time. The results are applicable to the creation of an open data information system that supports data-driven innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 36-46 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1119 %N 11 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business models development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %2 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Teemu Räsänen, D.Sc. (Tech), works as a Senior Lecturer at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences (UAS) in Finland. His background is in Environmental Technology, and his expertise and research interests include environmental informatics, environmental monitoring, data analysis, data mining and developing online monitoring systems. Within this context, his main focus is in the fields of water management, monitoring the impacts of industrial emissions, and waste management. He is also the head of Savonia UAS environmental technology degree program, which includes about 170 students annually. %3 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical fieldwork in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %4 Lappeenranta University of Technology Ari Happonen, DSc (Tech), is the Head of Computer Science Bachelor programme in the Lappeenranta University of Technology’s (LUT) School of Business and Management, Finland. Ari has been working at LUT for more than 15 years, participating in numerous RDI projects with Finnish and international companies in the contexts of international logistics services, consumer products industries, service development, innovation facilitations and mentoring, consultation, business development, mobile service development, construction industries, digitalization, public–private collaboration R&D efforts, and so on. Ari has a long history working as an intermediate and collaboration facilitator in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, innovation facilitation, development mentoring, teaching, and training and has also acted as the LUT Project Manager for the Akseli project, providing the base knowledge for this publication. %# Savonia University of Applied Sciences Miika Kajanus works as an RDI-liaison in Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. The role is in international RDI funding in Savonia’s focus areas related to food, water, health, industry, and bio products. The main tasks are to organize research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations. The work involves collaboration with scientists, SMEs, inventors, end users, and experts aiming in a straightforward way to implement innovations including all the phases starting from idea generation, conceptualization, business models development, and commercialization. Since 2004, he has been involved in more than 100 innovation commercialization projects, and he has more than twenty international research publications. He is one of the creators of the InTo innovation tool. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1119 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Digital Technology Entrepreneurship: A Definition and Research Agenda %A Ferran Giones %A Alexander Brem %K definitions %K digital entrepreneurship %K digital technology entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurship %K technology Innovation %X Technology entrepreneurship is an established concept in academia. However, recent developments in the context of digital entrepreneurship call for revision and advancement. The multiple possible combinations of technology and entrepreneurship have resulted in a diversity of phenomena with significantly different characteristics and socio-economic impact. This article is focused on the identification and description of technology entrepreneurship in times of digitization. Based on current examples, we identify and describe characterizations of technology entrepreneurship, digital technology entrepreneurship, and digital entrepreneurship. With this new delineation of terms, we would like to foster discussion between researchers, entrepreneurs, and policy makers on the impact of digitization on entrepreneurship, and set a future research agenda. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 44-51 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1076 %N 5 %1 University of Southern Denmark Ferran Giones is an Assistant Professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg. He received his PhD from La Salle – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. His research field is technology entrepreneurship, where he explores how and when technological progress transforms into entrepreneurial activity, and how this entrepreneurial activity results in sustainable organizations and innovative ecosystems. %2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Alexander Brem holds the Chair of Technology Management at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) which is located at the Nuremberg Campus of Technology in Germany. Before joining FAU, Alexander was Professor of Technology and Innovation Management and Head of SDU Innovation and Design Engineering at the Mads Clausen Institute at the University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg. His primary research interest is technology and innovation management with a special focus on interdisciplinary links to psychology, marketing, and entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1076 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: 10th Anniversary Issue (July 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K inclusive innovation %K India %K knowledge commercialization %K living labs %K OSBR %K TIM Review %K topic modelling %K universities %K urban %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-4 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1086 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1086 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Blockchain (October 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Anton Ljutic %K authentication %K Bitcoin %K blockchain %K cryptography %K digital identity %K economics %K healthcare %K internal audit %K services %K smart contracts %K transactions %K trust %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-5 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1108 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Anton Ljutic is a futurologist with many interests, having been a professional musician in Germany, a programmer at IBM Rome, a professor of Economics and an early Internet telecommunications enthusiast and consultant in Montreal, a Head of the Government of Canada’s IT Security Learning Centre, and the founder and chair of the government’s Interdepartmental Committee on Security Training. He was founder and editor in the early 1990s of one of the earliest Internet ezines, Glosas News. He is a member of Blockchain Association of Canada (BAC) and a believer in political and economic decentralization through blockchain. He holds a Master of Arts degree from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and a Diploma in Economics from the University of Zagreb, Croatia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1108 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Collaboration (December 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K collaboration %K collaborative capability %K cooperation %K coworking %K education %K entrepreneurial commitment %K entrepreneurship %K industry %K interdisciplinarity %K SMEs %K startups %K university %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-5 %8 12/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1122 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1122 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (April 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Michael Weiss %K anomaly detection %K automation %K big data %K cybersecurity %K exploration %K Hypponen’s law %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K legislation %K medical devices %K privacy %K real time %K risk assessment %K security engineering %K smart devices %K value proposition %K vulnerabilities %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-4 %8 04/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1065 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1065 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Innovation in Living Labs (February 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Pieter Ballon %K action research %K business-to-business %K emotions %K innovation %K living labs %K needsfinding %K operations %K reflection %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-6 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1052 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %4 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %# imec.livinglabs Pieter Ballon is the Academic Lead of imec.livinglabs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and Director of the research group imec-SMIT at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was Senior Consultant and Team Leader at TNO. In 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1052 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Innovation in Living Labs (January 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Pieter Ballon %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K agile methods %K conceptualizations %K innovation labs %K Innovation management %K innovation tool %K living labs %K Open innovation %K user innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-6 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1044 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 imec.livinglabs Pieter Ballon is the Academic Lead of imec.livinglabs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and Director of the research group imec-SMIT at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was Senior Consultant and Team Leader at TNO. In 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %4 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %# Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1044 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Insights (August 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K academic spin-offs %K business model development %K car sharing %K incubation %K leadership %K Machiavelli %K management %K organizational culture %K research institutes %K researchers %K sharing economy %K social media %K technology transfer %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-4 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1094 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Insights (June 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K competitive intelligence %K creativity %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneurship %K internal communication management %K Internet of Things %K service design %K training %K university–industry collaboration %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-4 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1079 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1079 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Insights (March 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K collaboration %K exploitation %K exploration %K hybrid entrepreneurship %K innovation ecosystems %K insourcing %K organizational ambidexterity %K outsourcing %K part-time entrepreneurship %K R&D %K roles %K suppliers %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-3 %8 03/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1059 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1059 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Insights (November 2017) %A Chris McPhee %K academic publishing %K business models %K cities %K collaboration %K entrepreneurship %K fourth industrial revolution %K Industry 4.0 %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K living labs %K open access %K open data %K Open innovation %K social innovation %K value propositions %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-4 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1115 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1115 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Lean and Global (May 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K entrepreneurship %K global %K international new venture %K internationalization %K lean %K startup %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-5 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1071 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Southern Denmark University Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Southern Denmark University (SDU) in Odense. Dr. Tanev is leading the Technology Entrepreneurship stream of the Master Program of Product Development and Innovation at SDU. He is also an Adjunct Research Professor in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of global technology entrepreneurship, technology innovation management, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review, the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory, and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1071 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Platforms and Ecosystems (September 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Ozgur Dedehayir %A Marko Seppänen %K digital transformation %K ecosystems %K innovation %K orchestrators %K platform economy %K platforms %K stakeholders %K startups %K strategy %K technology %K value creation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-5 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1101 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Queensland University of Technology Ozgur Dedehayir is the Vice-Chancellor’s Research Fellow at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia. Dr. Dedehayir received his PhD in Technology Strategy from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Finland. His research focuses on the creation and the dynamics of change in innovation ecosystems. He has published in various journals in the technology and innovation management field, including Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, and Technovation. %3 Tampere University of Technology Marko Seppänen, PhD, is a Full Professor in the field of Industrial Management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Prof. Seppänen is an expert in managing value creation in business ecosystems, business concept development, and innovation management. In his latest research, he has examined, for example, platform-based competition in business ecosystems and innovation management in business networks. His research has appeared in high-quality peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Product Innovation Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, the Journal of Systems and Software, and the International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1101 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Educational Involvement in Innovative University–Industry Collaboration %A Leena Kunttu %K academic involvement %K educational involvement %K innovation %K knowledge transfer %K university–industry collaboration %X The positive link between university research and industrial innovation has been widely recognized among academics and industrial practitioners. A remarkable volume of previous research emphasizes the importance of the transfer of academic knowledge into the industrial domain. In this sense, it is surprising that the role of university education is an almost neglected topic in the research concerning university–industry collaboration, despite education and the creation of knowledge being a primary goal of universities and providing great potential in terms of improving competences. This study presents a case study that analyzes educational involvement in nine long-term university–industry relationships. In all the cases, the research collaboration between industrial firm and university research group is directly associated with close educational involvement. The aim of the case analysis is to understand mechanisms and practices of educational collaboration that facilitate relational learning and innovation development in university–industry relationships. The forms of educational involvement studied in this article include student projects, thesis projects, jointly organized courses, and tailored degree courses. The findings of the study reveal a number of educational collaboration practices that may facilitate relational learning, creation of new knowledge, as well as innovation development in university–industry relationships. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 14-22 %8 12/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1124 %N 12 %1 University of Vaasa Leena Kunttu is an innovation researcher at the University of Vaasa in Finland. She received her PhD degree in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, in 2006. From 2007 to 2012, she served as Senior Manager in an area of innovation at the Nokia Corporation. During her career in Nokia, she led a number of collaborative projects between the company and external research institutes, such as universities. She also led and participated in projects that collected and analyzed field data from end users and customers to provide inputs for R&D. Since 2015, Dr. Kunttu has served as a researcher in the area of innovation at the University of Vaasa, while also carrying out PhD studies in industrial innovation. Her current research interests include university–industry collaboration, educational involvement, and the commercialization of university technologies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1124 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Effects of Business Model Development Projects on Organizational Culture: A Multiple Case Study of SMEs %A Ulla Santti %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Kaija Villman %A Ari Happonen %K business model %K business model canvas %K competing values framework %K development project %K organizational culture %K service design %K SME %X Previous research has shown that links between organizational culture and innovativeness/performance may act as a “social glue” that helps a company develop organizational culture as a competitive advantage. In this study of three case companies, the organizational culture change due business model development projects is studied using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) tool and interviews with respondents about discovered changes. To reveal intervention and implied effects between business model development project and organizational culture changes, we used CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and outcome) to bridge practice and theory by explanatory, backward-looking research. Our case studies of companies in relatively short-duration business model development projects indicate that organizational culture may have some dynamic characteristics, for example, an increase of the adhocracy organizational type in all case companies or an increase in the hierarchical leadership type in one case company. Thus, the development of an organizational culture type can be partly controlled. Our results also indicated business model development projects do have a minor effect on organizational culture, even when development activities have not been put fully into practice. However, the more comprehensively business model development project activities have been put into practice, the larger the effect on organizational culture. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 15-26 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1096 %N 8 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical field work in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %2 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business model development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %4 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Kaija Villman, MMus in Arts Management, works as a Project Manager at the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Small Business Center (SBC), Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 7 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects in the fields of creative industries, service development, and digitalization. She is experienced in coordinating interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and training and she acted as the Project Manager for the PaKe Savo Project. %# Lappeenranta University of Technology Ari Happonen, DSc (Tech) is Head of Computer Science Bachelor programme in Innovation and Software at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. Ari has been working for the LUT for more than 15 years, participating in numerous RDI projects with Finnish and international companies in the contexts of international logistics services, consumer products industries, service development, consultation, business development, mobile services, construction industries, digitalization, and so on. Ari has a long history working as an intermediate and collaboration facilitator in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, innovation facilitation, development mentoring, teaching, and training and has also acted as the LUT Project Manager for the Akseli project. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1096 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): A Social Innovation Perspective %A Rabeh Morrar %A Husam Arman %A Saeed Mousa %K fourth industrial revolution %K Industry 4.0 %K Internet of Things %K social innovation %X The rapid pace of technological developments played a key role in the previous industrial revolutions. However, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and its embedded technology diffusion progress is expected to grow exponentially in terms of technical change and socioeconomic impact. Therefore, coping with such transformation require a holistic approach that encompasses innovative and sustainable system solutions and not just technological ones. In this article, we propose a framework that can facilitate the interaction between technological and social innovation to continuously come up with proactive, and hence timely, sustainable strategies. These strategies can leverage economic rewards, enrich society at large, and protect the environment. The new forthcoming opportunities that will be generated through the next industrial wave are gigantic at all levels. However, the readiness for such revolutionary conversion require coupling the forces of technological innovation and social innovation under the sustainability umbrella. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 12-20 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1117 %N 11 %1 An-Najah National University Rabeh Morrar is an Assistant Professor in Innovation Economics and Head of the Department of Economics at An-Najah National University in Nablus, Palestine. He received and PhD degree in Innovation Economy from Lille 1 University for Science and Technology, Lille, France. His current research interests include innovation networks, the knowledge-based economy, economic development in developing countries, the labour economy, and the service economy. Dr. Rabeh is a Fellow of the Economic Research Forum (ERF), the Turkish Economic Research Forum, the American Economic Association (AEA), the Middle East Economic Association (MEEA), and the European Association for Research in Services (RESER). He is a member of the Advisory Committee of Economic Statistics, the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the Palestinian National Committee of Trade in Services, the National Team for Developing National Export Strategy, the Business Innovation and Partnership Centre in Palestine, the ESCWA Team for ICT and Innovation, and the National Team for Public Procurement Capacity Building Strategy. Rabeh has published more than 15 scientific papers, reports, and policy papers in different disciplines related to innovation economics, Palestinian economics, trade, and the service economy. %2 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Husam Arman is an Associate Research Specialist at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. Dr. Arman is currently engaged in work related to competitiveness and innovation and SME development. He studies and works in the leading edge subjects of strategic technological innovation and R&D management. During his Research Fellow posting and PhD studies at The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, he developed methodologies to optimize technology investments strategies within large firms such as Rolls-Royce. He has worked for more than five years in universities in teaching and research. His work has appeared in the International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, R&D Management Journal, the International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, the International Journal of Technology Intelligence, and Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, and he has presented at conferences such as PICMET and IAMOT. %3 Palestinian Technical University Kadoorie Saeed Mousa is a Lecturer in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Palestinian Technical University Kadoorie (PTUK), where he teaches Innovation, Technology and business related courses. In addition, is Head of the Studies & Development Division at PTUK, where he conducts research regarding improving the university, such as strategic and implementation planning through preparing and submitting development proposals, as he is responsible for developing and driving innovation roadmap through encouraging creativity in R&D team. He holds a master’s degree in Innovation Economics from Friedrich Schiller University in Germany. Saeed’s current research interests span a wide range of topics regarding innovation, such as social innovation, technology innovation, and non-technical innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1117 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Heading for a FALL: A Framework for Agile Living Lab Projects %A Tanguy Coenen %A Sarie Robijt %K agile %K design science research %K lean UX %K living labs %K methodology %K SCRUM %X Living lab methodologies need to enhance reactivity to changing requirements as these appear in a project. Agile methods allow for quick reactivity, but have been critiqued for not sufficiently taking into account the end-user perspective. In this article, we describe how to blend living lab methodologies with agile methods and, to this end, we present a Framework for Agile Living Lab projects (FALL). To make the framework actionable, we propose a number of actor roles. With concrete examples from living lab practice and a discussion of the theoretical basis, this article is relevant to both academics and practitioners. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 37-43 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1048 %N 1 %1 imec Tanguy Coenen is head of the software application prototyping team at imec and has a PhD in Business Administration from the Solvay Management School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. During his career, he has been involved in many living lab projects, both at the national and the European levels. Tanguy fosters a variety of research interests but is focused on a “City of Things” project, which is applying living lab concepts to achieve the vision of a city as a living lab innovation platform. %2 Sarie Robijt currently works as a Service Design professional in retail business. As a service designer, she takes up several roles from user experience analyst to workshop facilitator and innovation coach. During her time at VRT Proeftuin, she worked on setting up and maintaining a living lab in the media innovation industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1048 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Hitching Healthcare to the Chain: An Introduction to Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector %A Mark A. Engelhardt %K blockchain %K distributed ledger %K health %K patient-centred care %K trust %X Health services must balance patient care with information privacy, access, and completeness. The massive scale of the healthcare industry also amplifies the importance of cost control. The promise of blockchain technology in health services, combined with application layers built atop it, is to be a mechanism that provides utmost privacy while ensuring that appropriate users can easily add to and access a permanent record of information. Blockchains, also called distributed ledgers, enable a combination of cost reduction and increased accessibility to information by connecting stakeholders directly without requirements for third-party brokers, potentially giving better results at lower costs. New ventures are looking to apply blockchain technology to solve real-world problems, including efforts to track public health, centralize research data, monitor and fulfill prescriptions, lower administrative overheads, and organize patient data from an increasing number of inputs. Here, concrete examples of the application of blockchain technology in the health sector are described, touching on near-term promise and challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 22-34 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1111 %N 10 %1 Ovodenovo Intellectual Property Consulting Mark Engelhardt holds a PhD from Stanford University in the United States and is a partner at Ovodenovo Intellectual Property Consulting, a full-service patent agency in Ottawa, Canada, where he combines multidisciplinary experience in biological and computational science with experience in intellectual property to help small- and medium-sized companies succeed and to help investors understand technology. He has a passion for non-profit work, and is currently supporting the Ottawa Youth Orchestra Academy as president of their board of directors. Connect through LinkedIn to chat about blockchain technology, intellectual property, non-profit work, and the interesting places they might intersect in the future. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1111 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T How Researchers Use Social Media to Promote their Research and Network with Industry %A Päivi Jaring %A Asta Bäck %K brand building %K industry %K marketing %K networking %K promotion %K research %K researcher %K social media %X Social media is now an essential information and interaction channel. Companies advertise and sell their products and services through social media, but this channel has not been so commonly applied to the task of selling knowledge and research work. This article studies the use of social media by researchers to promote their research and network with product developers in industry, and it presents a model of the use of social media by researchers. The data for this research was obtained by interviewing individual researchers of a research organization and surveying product developers from industry. The findings show that social media is seen as a good source of new information and contacts, and it is suitable for promoting awareness of research services and results. The results show that the speed and intensity of social media present challenges for researchers, but by being active in posting content and participating in discussions, researchers can derive benefits and enhance their personal reputations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 32-39 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1098 %N 8 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Päivi Jaring is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd in the area of Business Ecosystem Development. She has Master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Vaasa (1995) and Master’s degree and PhD in Information Processing Science from the University of Oulu (2001, 2004). Her research interest and topic of many scientific articles are use of ICT (especially mobile technologies and social media) for improving society and creating business. Her research has been published in the International Journal of Mobile Communications, the Journal of Innovation Management, and the International Journal of E-Business Research, among others. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Asta Bäck is a Principal Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd in the research area of Big Data Industrial Applications. She received her MSc (Tech.) degree from Helsinki University of Technology in Finland. Her research interests include utilization of social media to support various business processes such as innovation and marketing, and tools and methods for analyzing social media data. Her research has been published in the Journal of Innovation Management, the Journal of Journal of Print and Media Technology Research, the Journal of Future Studies, Strategic Thinking and Policy, and the International Journal of Social and Humanistic Computing, among others. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1098 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Hybrid Entrepreneurship: How and Why Entrepreneurs Combine Employment with Self-Employment %A Marina Z. Solesvik %K definitions %K hybrid entrepreneurs %K hybrid entrepreneurship %K risk taking %K self-employment %X Changes in the labour market and growth in the diversity of non-standard working arrangements have heightened the interest of policy makers and entrepreneurship researchers in “hybrid entrepreneurship”, which is a combination of employment and entrepreneurship. This form of entrepreneurship is particularly popular among highly educated professionals in the high-technology and R&D sectors. With the goal of improving our understanding and defining a research agenda for this phenomenon, I examined the relevant literature to clarify definitions and I undertook a research study to examine first-hand, through a longitudinal case study, the experiences of two hybrid entrepreneurs, one who intended to become a full-time entrepreneur and one who wish to be hybrid entrepreneur. The key result of the study emphasizes that hybrid entrepreneurs should not be considered as a homogeneous group: some hybrid entrepreneurs may always stay at their waged jobs and others may tend to become full-time entrepreneurs. The results have implications for policy makers wishing to encourage hybrid entrepreneurship and for researchers wishing to undertake further research into this phenomenon. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 33-41 %8 03/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1063 %N 3 %1 Nord University Business School Marina Z. Solesvik is Professor and Chair of Maritime Innovation in the Nord University Business School, Norway. She also holds part-time positions in Norway as Professor at the University of Tromsø and Bergen University College. She is a board member at several Norwegian firms and organizations, including the National Riksteatret in Oslo. Marina holds a PhD in Management from the Nord University Business School and a PhD in Entrepreneurship from the Institute of Agrarian Economy in Kiev, Ukraine. Her research interests include regional innovation, open innovation, maritime business, entrepreneurial intentions, female entrepreneurship, strategic alliances, and Arctic research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1063 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Improving Internal Communication Management in SMEs: Two Case Studies in Service Design %A Tuomo Eskelinen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Kaija Villman %A Ulla Santti %K business model %K internal communication management %K participative process %K service design %K stakeholder involvement %K training %X Effective information management is a success factor for business growth, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in transferring knowledge and information from one organizational unit to another. In this study of two case companies, participative business model development processes were designed to identify challenges and solutions in internal communication management. A service design approach based on CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanism, and output) showed that the participative business model technique and process can identify problems and challenges in internal communication management, as well as in the prioritization of actions. The process is a creative service design process including both divergent and convergent phases. The process increased motivation among personnel to find solutions, encouraged communication, and created joint understanding on how to solve problems. The technique helped to bring tacit information into use. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 16-24 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1081 %N 6 %1 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Tuomo Eskelinen, PhD, works as an RDI Advisor at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. His background is in Environmental Sciences, and his expertise and research interests include sustainable value networks, development of business partnerships, and sustainable business models. He organizes research, development, and innovation processes with enterprises and other organizations, with scientists, end users, and customers, from idea generation to business models development and commercialization. He has participated in more than 20 EU-funded projects in the fields of forestry, energy, food, water safety, and processing. He is experienced in performing and coordinating interdisciplinary, international, large-scale research projects, workshops and training. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %3 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Kaija Villman, MMus in Arts management, works as a Project Manager at the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Small Business Center, Finland. She has been working at the SBC for about 7 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects in the fields of creative industries, service development, and digitalization. She is experienced in coordinating interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and training and she acted as the Project Manager for the PaKe Savo Project. %4 Savonia University of Applied Sciences Ulla Santti, MSc (Econ), has experience as a teacher of Business Administration and Marketing, and she is an expert on research, development, and innovation projects at the Savonia University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She has also undertaken SME business development through practical field work in healthcare, industrial factories, advertising, and the tourism industries. Currently, she is preparing her doctoral thesis at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her research interest includes business models and organizational culture development of SMEs with an interest in what kind of common ground, effects, and connections these concepts have on each other. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1081 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Inclusive Innovation in Developed Countries: The Who, What, Why, and How %A R. Sandra Schillo %A Ryan M. Robinson %K developed countries %K framework %K inclusive innovation %K inequality %K social exclusion %X Although widely appreciated as an important driver of economic growth, innovation has also been established as a contributor to increasing economic and social inequalities. Such negative consequences are particularly obvious in the context of developing countries and extreme poverty, where innovation’s contributions to inequalities are considered an issue of social and economic exclusion. In response, the concept of inclusive innovation has been developed to provide frameworks and action guidelines to measure and reduce the inequality-increasing effects of innovation. In developing countries, attention has only recently turned to the role of innovation in increasing inequalities, for example in the context of the degradation of employment in the transition from production to service industries. Although the focus of this early work is primarily on economic growth, innovation in developed countries also contributes to social exclusion, both of groups traditionally subject to social exclusion and new groups marginalized through arising innovations. This article summarizes the origins of the concept of inclusive innovation and proposes a four-dimensional framework for inclusive innovation in developed countries. Specifically, innovation needs to be inclusive in terms of people, activities, outcomes, and governance: i) individuals and groups participating in the innovation process at all levels; ii) the types of innovation activities considered; iii) the consideration of all positive and negative outcomes of innovation (including economic, social, and environmental); and iv) the governance of innovation systems. This framework is intended to guide policy development for inclusive innovation, as well as to encourage academics to investigate all dimensions of inclusive innovation in developed countries. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 34-46 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1089 %N 7 %1 University of Ottawa R. Sandra Schillo is an Assistant Professor in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Canada, and an affiliate of the Institute for Science, Society and Policy at the University of Ottawa. Prof. Schillo’s research explores aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship that have policy and societal relevance. She has a strong background in technology transfer through her PhD (University of Kiel, Germany) and Master’s level research (University of Karlsruhe, Germany). She also has practical experience in innovation management within the Canadian federal government and consulting on innovation and entrepreneurship policy issues. %2 University of Ottawa Ryan M. Robinson is a Third Year Undergraduate student attending the University of Ottawa’s Telfer School of Business Management in Ottawa, Canada. He was born and raised in Oshawa, Canada: a city with its history carved out by advances in technological innovation. Today, Ryan balances living in these two very different locales, both of which are writing the story of diversity and inclusion in Canada. Being continuously surrounded by innovative landscapes, Ryan plans continue to study the evolution of innovation in Canada following the completion of his degree in Finance. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1089 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Initiating a New Research Phase in the Field of International Entrepreneurship: An Interview with Professor Nicole Coviello %A Nicole Coviello %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K definitions %K international business %K international entrepreneurship %K international new ventures %K internationalization %K lean and global startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 52-56 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1077 %N 5 %1 Wilfrid Laurier University Nicole Coviello is the Lazaridis Research Professor and Professor of Marketing at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Canada. She received her PhD in Marketing and International Business from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in 1994. She also holds an MSc (Technology Management) and BComm Hons (Marketing) from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. Dr. Coviello began her career at the University of Waikato, New Zealand, and has since held positions at the University of Calgary, Canada, and the University of Auckland. In 2010, she received an Honorary Doctorate from the Turku School of Economics in Finland. Dr. Coviello has published in the top journals across three disciplines – marketing, international business, and entrepreneurship. In 2014, she was ranked as one of the top scholars in International Marketing and among the top 20 International Business scholars. She is Field Editor for both marketing and international entrepreneurship at the Journal of Business Venturing. %2 Southern Denmark University Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Southern Denmark University (SDU) in Odense. Dr. Tanev is leading the Technology Entrepreneurship stream of the Master Program of Product Development and Innovation at SDU. He is also an Adjunct Research Professor in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of global technology entrepreneurship, technology innovation management, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review, the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory, and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1077 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Innovation by Collaboration between Startups and SMEs in Switzerland %A Fabio Mercandetti %A Christine Larbig %A Vincenzo Tuozzo %A Thomas Steiner %K collaboration co-operation %K innovation %K matchmaking %K SMEs %K startups %X Open innovation is key to the success of many companies. It is based on the intelligent use of all possible resources, including collaborations with parties outside the firm. Although it is well known that large companies foster and use startups as experiments in their innovation process, little is known about similar activities with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this article is to report the results of research done in Switzerland on startups and SMEs. It reveals that most startups know that they must co-operate with other companies from the very beginning of their existence, and that both sides have difficulties in performing a systematic search for possible partners. Hence, to encourage the collaborative development of innovative solutions, we propose building bridges between startups and SMEs, making the identification of possible users of new technologies (SMEs) more accessible to startups, as well as making startups more identifiable by SMEs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 23-31 %8 12/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1125 %N 12 %1 Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture Fabio Mercandetti is a Professor at the Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture in Switzerland. He holds an MSc in Chemical Engineering from the Technical University (Politecnico) of Turin, Italy, he has held different management positions up to the Executive Committee in global companies, where he led the Operations and/or the Corporate development function. He teaches in Engineering Bachelor and Masters programmes. His applied research focuses on both operational excellence and lean manufacturing, to help companies, particularly SMEs, to improve and increase their business. This includes finding and rightly approaching co-operation opportunities. %2 Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture Christine Larbig is a Professor at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts Information Technology in Switzerland. She earned her doctoral degree in Management from Cass Business School City University in London, England, and she earned her Master’s in Management from Ashridge Management College in Berkhamsted, England. At the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, she teaches operations management and researches in the realm of service and social innovation as well as social informatics. %3 Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture Vincenzo Tuozzo is graduate of the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU) in Switzerland, where he obtained a BA degree in International Management and Economics. He has been active in the area of innovation management and collaboration. With the support of Fabio Mercandetti, Professor of Operations Management at HSLU, and Prof. Dr. Christine Larbig, Professor of Social Innovation at HSLU, he has been researching the theory of open innovation and its practice between startups and SMEs in Switzerland. The focus of their current research lies in recognizing co-operation opportunities and prescribing measures on how to promote such collaborations with the aim of enhancing the innovation processes of startups and SMEs. %4 Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture Thomas Steiner is a business product developer who, in 2016, completed his Bachelor`s degree studies in Business Engineering Innovation at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU) in Switzerland. Within an industrial project at the HSLU, supported by Fabio Mercandetti, Professor of Operations Management at the HSLU, he researched the possibilities and needs for collaboration between startups and SMEs in Switzerland. His current professional activities at an SME focus on issues such as innovation management, lean product development, and business modelling. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1125 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Innovation in the Public Sector: Exploring the Characteristics and Potential of Living Labs and Innovation Labs %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Piret Tõnurist %K collaborative innovation %K innovation labs %K living labs %K Open innovation %K public sector %K user innovation %X Living labs and innovation labs share many common traits and characteristics. Both concepts are linked to the public sector, and both concepts can be regarded as coping mechanisms to deal with contemporary changes in the innovation landscape and within society as a whole. Both build on past initiatives and practices, but are also struggling to find their own clear identity and “raison d’être”. Because both concepts are largely practice-driven, their theoretical underpinnings and foundations are mostly established after the fact: making sense of current practice rather than carefully researching and planning the further development. However, despite their similarities and common ground, most researchers treat living labs and innovation labs as separate literature streams. Here, starting from a review of the current issues and challenges with innovation in the public sector, we look for links between both concepts by analyzing the current definitions, the predecessors, and the “state of the art” in terms of empirical research. Based on these findings, we summarize a set of similarities and differences between both concepts and propose a model towards more collaboration, mutual exchange, and integration of practices between innovation labs, which can be regarded as initiators of innovation, and living labs, which can be regarded as executors of innovation. Thus, we add to the conceptual development of both concepts and propose a roadmap for the further integration of both the theory and practice of living labs and innovation labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 7-14 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1045 %N 1 %1 imec – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %2 Tallinn University of Technology Piret Tõnurist is a Policy Analyst for the OECD and holds a research fellowship in Tallinn University of Technology’s Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance in Estonia. She is a co-chair of the European Group for Public Administration permanent study group Behavioral Public Administration. She has previously worked as a consultant in the Parliament of Estonia (the Riigikogu) and as a performance auditor for the National Audit Office. Her main research interests are connected to public sector innovation, co-creation, innovation policy management (including state-owned companies) and energy technologies. She holds a PhD in Public Administration (Technology Governance) from Tallinn University of Technology and a MSc in policy evaluation from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1045 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Internet of (Vulnerable) Things: On Hypponen's Law, Security Engineering, and IoT Legislation %A Mikko Hypponen %A Linus Nyman %K consumers %K cybersecurity %K Hypponen’s law %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K legislation %K manufacturers %K security engineering %K smart devices %K vulnerability %X The Internet of Things (IoT) and the resulting network-connectedness of everyday objects and appliances in our lives bring not only new features and possibilities, but also significant security concerns. These security concerns have resulted in vulnerabilities ranging from those limited in effect to a single device to vulnerabilities that have enabled IoT-based botnets to take over hundreds of thousands of devices to be used for illegal purposes. This article discusses the vulnerable nature of the IoT – as symbolized by Hypponen’s law – and the parts both manufacturers and consumers play in these vulnerabilities. This article makes the case for the importance of security engineering for IoT manufacturers, highlights some significant issues to help consumers address these vulnerabilities, and argues for legislation as perhaps the only reliable means of securing the Internet and its connected devices. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-11 %8 04/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1066 %N 4 %1 F-Secure Mikko Hypponen is Chief Research Officer at F-Secure. He has written about his research for The New York Times, Wired, and Scientific America, and he has lectured at several universities, among them Stanford, Oxford, and Cambridge. He has been selected as one of the 50 most important people on the web by PC World Magazine and was included in the FP Global Thinkers list. He is a member of the board of the Nordic Business Forum and the advisory board of the t2 infosec conference. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is an Assistant Professor at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. He has lectured on a range of topics, including corporate strategy and open source software development. His current research focuses on information security and privacy, which are topics he also covers in a blog for the Finnish daily newspaper Hufvudstadsbladet. Linus holds a PhD and a Master’s degree, both from the Hanken School of Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1066 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Lean Internationalization: How to Globalize Early and Fast in a Small Economy %A Michael Neubert %K born-global firm %K early and fast internationalization %K global marketing %K high-tech startup %K international entrepreneurship %K lean internationalization %K small and open economy %K Uppsala internationalization process %X This study examines the early market internationalization of 32 high-tech startups that operate internationally from small and open economies. It uses a comparative cross-national multiple case study research design to explore how such startups may differ in their speed of internationalization. Based on interviews with the founders, the speed of early market internationalization in these startups increases significantly due to the application of lean market development processes. The findings provide a basis for developing propositions for further comparative studies focusing on the early and fast internationalization of high-tech startups based in emerging and developed markets. The study contributes to the literature on networks, internationalization, and international entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 16-22 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1073 %N 5 %1 International School of Management Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Universidad Paraguayo Alemana in Asunción, Paraguay. He teaches international business, strategic management, doing business in foreign markets, and international finance. His research interests concern the internationalization of high-tech startups from small and open economies. Michael is member of the Academy of International Business, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. Michael is also the CEO of C2NM, a Swiss consulting firm specializing in the field of international and intercultural management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1073 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A Managerial Decision Tool for R&D Outsourcing and Partner Selection in High-Technology Industries %A Iivari Kunttu %K decision tool %K outsourcing %K partner selection %K research and development %K supplier involvement %X Deciding which tasks and projects are best performed in-house and which should be outsourced to external suppliers are, alongside the supplier selection process, among the key challenges for R&D managers operating in high-technology firms. This study presents a decision tool for evaluating whether to pursue R&D tasks in-house or to outsource them. The tool also helps R&D managers to evaluate which of the supplier candidates would be best suited to undertake the task to be outsourced. The tool is based on four views of evaluation that have both managerial and theoretical roots: identity, dependence, efficiency, and competence. The tool has been developed in a qualitative multiple case study based on R&D supplier relationships and has been empirically tested in an R&D organization. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 25-32 %8 03/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1062 %N 3 %1 University of Vaasa Iivari Kunttu is an Assistant Professor in Department of Management of the University of Vaasa, Finland. He holds a PhD degree in Information Technology from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT) and has held several R&D manager and R&D process development specialist positions in the Nokia Corporation and project manager positions in TUT. His current research interests include R&D management, R&D supplier involvement, service business development, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1062 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Methods for Supporting Older Users in Communicating Their Emotions at Different Phases of a Living Lab Project %A Sonja Pedell %A Alen Keirnan %A Gareth Priday %A Tim Miller %A Antonette Mendoza %A Antonio Lopez-Lorca %A Leon Sterling %K aging well %K co-design methods %K emotion-led design %K expressing emotions %K Living lab %K personal alarm systems %X In this article, we focus on living lab methods that support the elicitation of emotions – a key success factor in whether a design solution will be accepted and taken up over the long term. We demonstrate the use of emotional goal models to help understand what is relevant for a target user group in the early phases of design. We promote animations and storyboards to envision the context of use and to gain an understanding of how design ideas can integrate into people’s lives. For the evaluation of ideas and to further understand user needs, we show how technology probes facilitate natural interactions with a suggested solution concept. All methods have in common that they enable older adults without design or development experience to participate in the design process and work towards a meaningful solution by helping to communicate feelings and goals that are often hard to define. Lastly, we present a process model that demonstrates our emotion-led design toolkit at various phases of a living lab process. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 7-19 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1053 %N 2 %1 Swinburne University of Technology Sonja Pedell is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Design and Digital Media Design and Director of the Future Self and Design Living Lab at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia, where she contributes extensive knowledge of human–computer interaction (HCI) to the co-creation of innovative technologies. Her research interests are user-centred design methods, scenario-based and mobile design, domestic technology development for health and wellbeing, and the design of engaging novel technologies for various user groups, in particular for the ageing population. Sonja holds a Master of Psychology degree from the Technical University of Berlin, Germany and for several years was employed in industry as an interaction designer, usability consultant, and product manager. %2 Swinburne University of Technology Alen Keirnan is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Centre for Design Innovation at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia, where he received his PhD in Industrial and Product Design. Working on a variety of health and ageing related projects in the Future Self and Design Living Lab, he has a strong interest in co-creation and journey-mapping techniques. He embeds his interests of co-creation and journey mapping into collaborative research projects between academia and industry, affording rich user insights appropriate for human-centered design outcomes. His current projects include developing services for retirement park managers to better communicate with their clients, envisioning the waiting room of the future and, evaluating technologies with older adults. %3 Australian Living Labs Innovation Network Gareth Priday is a foresight practitioner, researcher, and entrepreneur. He is Co-Director of the Australian Living Labs Innovation Network and recently supported the development of Swinburne University of Technology's Future Self and Design Living Lab in Melbourne. In 2014, Gareth led a Financial Resilience Living Lab pilot project and presented at the ENoLL Summer School. He held a futures research position with the Queensland University of Technology (Smart Services CRC). He has published in the Journal of Futures Studies and has presented at a number of Futures and Innovation conferences. Gareth holds a Master of Strategic Foresight degree from Swinburne University of Technology. His first career was in the financial services sector working for large international banks in the UK and Australia (UBS Warburg, Macquarie, ABN Amro, Royal Bank of Scotland) where he delivered on large-scale global projects. %4 University of Melbourne Tim Miller is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He holds a PhD in Software Engineering from the University of Queensland and spent four years at the University of Liverpool, UK, as a Postdoctoral Researcher Associate in the Agent ART group. Tim's primary interests are in artificial intelligence and human–AI interaction. %# University of Melbourne Antonette Mendoza is a Lecturer in the Department of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Her research expertise includes how users interact and adopt technology; how systems can be better designed to support that interaction; and once deployed, what we can do to facilitate adoption and sustainability of technologies. She has extensive experience in software engineering, IT project management, and qualitative methods of research. She is currently collaborating with researchers on ARC and NHMRC projects in the health care and homelessness environments. She is also involved in local and international collaborations with researchers on value realization of e-learning platforms and tools. Her achievements include Teaching Excellence Awards in the Melbourne School of Engineering and in the Department of Computing and Information Systems. %$ University of Melbourne Antonio Lopez-Lorca is a Lecturer at the Computing and Information Systems Department at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Antonio holds a PhD in Information Technology from the University of Wollongong, Australia. He first studied ways of applying semantic web techniques to agent-oriented models to validate them prior to software development. His research then shifted to looking at ways of introducing design processes into software engineering by considering the emotional needs of users throughout the complete lifecycle of the system. Much of his teaching effort focuses on supervising industry projects and developing the soft skills of software engineering students, particularly around communication with clients. %] Leon Sterling received a BSc(Hons) from the University of Melbourne and a PhD in Pure Mathematics from the Australian National University. He has worked at universities in the UK, Israel, the US, and Australia. His teaching and research specialties are artificial intelligence, software engineering, and logic programming. Leon had a range of roles for 15 years at the University of Melbourne, including Professor of Software Innovation and Engineering and Director of e-Research. He served at Swinburne University of Technology as Dean of Information and Communication Technologies from 2010–2013 and as Vice Chancellor (Digital Frontiers) from 2014–2015. He also has served as President of the Australian Council of Deans of ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1053 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Needsfinding in Living Labs: A Structured Research Approach %A Louise Savelkoul %A Murk Peutz %K commuting %K cycling %K intention %K Living lab %K needsfinding %K theory of planned behaviour %X Living labs enable innovations to be facilitated and implemented quickly and efficiently. A key element of the living lab approach is the active involvement of users. In this article, we examine a structured needsfinding phase of a living lab infrastructure project within the context of bicycle commuting. Given that effectuation costs are high, it is essential for the lab to focus on tackling the right user needs. Thus, the living lab’s needsfinding phase aims to identify user needs and wants, as measured by bicycle commuting intention. We examined intention in a structured way by following the theory of planned behaviour. The results show that bicycle commuting intention can be explained by the variables of our model (R square=0.808). The specific insights arising from the needsfinding phase are an important focus for the activities and experiments in the later phases of the living lab. The generalized insights are also relevant to innovation experts outside the area of cycling. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 42-51 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1057 %N 2 %1 Equator Research Louise Savelkoul is a Consultant at Equator Research and is a PhD candidate studying user innovation at Tilburg University in the Netherlands, where she also holds Bachelor and MSc degrees in Organizational Studies. At Equator Research, her focus is on Living Labs. She is currently Lab Manager of the regional cycle lanes initiative in the Netherlands, enabling new innovations in infrastructure and the built environment. Recently she co-developed the flexible living for health care lab in the Southern Netherlands. %2 Equator Research Murk Peutz is Director of Equator Research, a consulting firm focused on innovation management and the use of living labs as an effective tool for co-creation and collaborative innovation. He graduated from Delft University with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, and he holds a Business Law degree from Leiden University and an MBA from INSEAD. He has also worked in industry (Tate & Lyle PLC) and management consulting (The Boston Consulting Group). In 2004, he took up responsibility for Innovation Consulting to Small and Medium Enterprises as Director of the Syntens Foundation before founding Equator Research in 2013. Murk is also a non-executive director of several companies in the Netherlands. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1057 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Opening the Black Box of Ambidexterity: Three Product Development Stories %A John Fiset %A Isabelle Dostaler %K adaptability %K alignment %K ambidextrous behaviour %K contextual ambidexterity %K exploitation %K exploration %K new product development %X Organizational ambidexterity, which can be roughly defined as the ability for organizations to combine old and new ways of doing things to meet organizational objectives, has drawn considerable attention in the management literature in recent years. Authors distinguish clearly between structural ambidexterity, which implies that ambidextrous organizations are firms in which groups of people concentrate on traditional business or ways of doing things while others explore new avenues, and contextual ambidexterity, which characterizes companies where any individual can be ambidextrous. Our research is positioned in the contextual ambidexterity perspective. In this article, we apply the typology of four ambidextrous behaviours developed by Birkinshaw and Gibson (2004) to increase our understanding of the process whereby organizational actors are able to build on existing capabilities or business processes while developing new ones. Our results indicate that at least three of the ambidextrous behaviours proposed by Birkinshaw and Gibson (2004) (initiator, broker, and multitasker) are helpful to understand how new product development team members rely on proven approaches while simultaneously introducing new ones to successfully overcome daily challenges. Practitioners should be encouraged to become familiar with the concept of ambidexterity, to recognize when and how the successful combination of old and new ways of doing happens, and to promote these occurrences. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 4-11 %8 03/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1060 %N 3 %1 Memorial University of Newfoundland John Fiset is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Faculty of Business Administration at Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s, Canada. He received his doctoral degree from the John Molson School of Business at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, where he examined how leaders influence intragroup workplace dynamics. His current research interests include examining the process by which leaders are able to elicit high performance among followers as well as studying various forms of interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. %2 Concordia University Isabelle Dostaler is a Professor in the Department of Management of the John Molson School of Business at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada. She holds a PhD in Management Studies from the University of Cambridge in England. She has conducted research into business strategy and performance, regional development and air transport, and supplier–buyer relationships in several industrial sectors. She is also interested in the field of management education and her recent research has focused on teaching methods and on the gap between business practice and business research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1060 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Orchestrating Innovation Ecosystems: A Qualitative Analysis of Ecosystem Positioning Strategies %A Katri Valkokari %A Marko Seppänen %A Maria Mäntylä %A Simo Jylhä-Ollila %K actors %K collaboration %K ecosystems %K innovation %K orchestration %K positioning %K roles %K strategy %X This article explores how firms can orchestrate innovation ecosystems to enhance collaboration for innovation among different actors. Most previous research on ecosystems has focused on firm-level strategies to operate in an ecosystem rather than the composition or orchestration of an ecosystem as a whole. However, finding the balance between the self-interests of involved actors is critical in order to create collaborative settings that induce different parties to jointly develop and put their best efforts into a joint endeavour. Thus, we undertook a qualitative study with 35 case companies from the metal and engineering industries, each of whom was interested in developing their position in ecosystems and improving their relational business practices. The findings suggest that there is an essential ecosystem competence that is needed by all actors in an ecosystem, regardless of their position, and that is the ability to manage dynamic strategic interactions related to innovation. This competence enables them to ensure the future vitality of the ecosystem and their own business. These results highlight the need for managers to profile their own company’s role in an ecosystem in relation to the type of ecosystems, while simultaneously evaluating the ecosystem’s ability and potential to survive. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 12-24 %8 03/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1061 %N 3 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Katri Valkokari is a Research Manager at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %2 Tampere University of Technology Marko Seppänen, PhD, is Vice Dean for Education at the Faculty of Business and Built Environment, and is a Full Professor in the field of industrial management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. He is an expert in managing value creation in business ecosystems, business concept development, and innovation management. In his latest research, he has examined platform-based competition in business ecosystems and innovation management in business networks. His research has appeared in high-quality peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Product Innovation Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, the Journal of Systems and Software, and the International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Maria Mäntylä (MSc Admin) is a Research Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the Innovations, Economy & Policy team. She obtained her master’s degree in Local and Regional Governance from the University of Tampere, Finland, in 2015. She also studied Social Sciences of Sport in the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Maria has been involved in various national and international research projects regarding innovation research, especially in the area of regional innovation systems. She is currently writing her doctoral thesis on sports technologies and innovation ecosystems at the University of Tampere. %4 Elisa Corporation Simo Jylhä-Ollila (MSc Tech) is an Analyst in Elisa Corporation’s Industrial IoT department. He holds a master’s degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Previously, he worked as a research assistant in Tampere University of Technology and worked in Elisa’s research team before moving into his current position in the company. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1061 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Orchestration Roles to Facilitate Networked Innovation in a Healthcare Ecosystem %A Minna Pikkarainen %A Mari Ervasti %A Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen %A Satu Nätti %K case study %K exploratory approach %K healthcare ecosystem %K high-level experts %K innovation orchestration %K roles %X This study examines orchestration roles in a networked innovation context characterized by significant transformation. In particular, an exploratory case study approach is taken to study the roles of innovation network orchestrators and their actions to facilitate networked activities in different phases of the innovation process. The context of the case study, a healthcare ecosystem that aims to co-create technological innovations to support the pediatric surgery journey, provides valuable insights about orchestration and adds knowledge on specific limitations set by the orchestrator-specific and context-related issues in a professional context. The findings of this study highlight the need for careful coordination that allows shared understanding of the goals of the orchestration process and achievable innovation implementations. It is shown that parallel, evolving, and even changing orchestrator roles are needed in complex networked innovation settings. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 30-43 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1104 %N 9 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Minna Pikkarainen is a joint Connected Health Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and the University of Oulu / Oulu Business School, the Martti Ahtisaari Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine. She works as a program leader and a collaborator between different units and departments in University of Oulu, VTT and other OuluHealth ecosystem players. She currently focuses her research in the data-driven service co-creation and business models in health and wellbeing sectors. During 2010–2012, Minna worked as a Business Developer in the Institute Mines Telecom, Paris, and European Innovation Technology (EIT) network in Helsinki. Her key focus areas as a business developer have been in healthcare organizations and digital cities. Her research has been focused on the areas of software development, agile development, and service innovation. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Mari Ervasti is a Senior Scientist in the Wellness and Living team at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She received her MSc in Information Networks from the University of Oulu in 2007, and her DSc (Tech) degree in Human-Centered Technology from the Tampere University of Technology in 2012.She has worked as a project manager and researcher in several multi-disciplinary research projects dealing with human-technology interaction, and has over 30 scientific publications in the field. Mari’s research focuses on user experience design and evaluation in versatile application domains with a special focus on participatory design by utilizing user-driven methods. Furthermore, her research addresses the need for predicting and estimating the impacts and value of novel technologies for different stakeholders. Recently, she has focused on the co-creation of connected health services together with patients, healthcare professionals, and companies in the context of future digital hospitals. %3 Oulu Business School Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen is a Professor of Marketing, especially relating to international business, in the Oulu Business School at the University of Oulu, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Professor (Knowledge Management) at the Lappeenranta University of Technology’s School of Business and Management. She has published over 60 refereed articles in journals such as the Journal of Product Innovation Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, Industrial Marketing Management, R&D Management, and Technovation. She has contributed to book chapters, over 100 conference papers, and several other scientific and managerial publications. Most of her research has involved innovation management and appropriability issues, including examination of different knowledge protection and value capturing mechanisms. The research covers varying contexts such as internationalization and inter-organizational collaboration. %4 Oulu Business School Satu Nätti is a Professor at the Oulu Business School in Finland. Her main research interests relate to innovation network orchestration, professional services, and key account management. She has published in such journals as Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, the Journal of Service Management, the Journal of Services Marketing, and the Service Industries Journal. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1104 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Overcoming Barriers to Experimentation in Business-to-Business Living Labs %A Ruben D’Hauwers %A Aron-Levi Herregodts %A Annabel Georges %A Lynn Coorevits %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Olivier Rits %A Pieter Ballon %K B2B %K experimentation %K living labs %K testing %K user research %X Business-to-business (B2B) living lab projects have been mentioned in different areas of academic research, but the innovation management literature requires deeper analysis of their potential opportunities and challenges. Real-life experimentation is a key requirement for living labs as it enables deeper insights in the potential success of innovations. However, the literature has not provided insights on how living lab projects can implement real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects and does not describe appropriate conditions for experimentation in these settings. In this study, we identified three main barriers preventing real-life experimentation in B2B living lab projects: the technological complexity, the need for integration, and the difficulty in identifying testers. The barriers are discussed in detailed and potential solutions are provided to help overcome these barriers and stimulate the adoption of real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 20-26 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1054 %N 2 %1 imec – SMIT – VUB Ruben D’Hauwers is a Researcher at imec-SMIT-VUB in Belgium. He holds a master’s degrees in Business Engineering (2011) and Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2013). He has also worked in the field of business development in two different organizations. He joined imec in 2014 and focuses on business-to-business research, business modelling, and on capturing and validating the assumptions throughout the innovation process. %2 imec – MICT – Ghent University Aron-Levi Herregodts is a User Expert at imec.livinglabs and an affiliated researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds master’s degrees in Communication Sciences (2013) and Complementary Business Economics (2014). As a user expert, his role is to translate user behaviour, needs, and wants into tangible recommendations to provide structure to the innovation process of both SMEs and large organizations. His main research interests include open innovation, user innovation, organizational learning, intermediary activities, and user-centric design and methodologies. He is also preparing a PhD on the configuration of intermediary user-oriented activities with innovation-relevant actors for distinct types of entrepreneurs and innovations. %3 imec – MICT – Ghent University Annabel Georges is a Junior Researcher in the research group at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds a master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. Her main interests are domestication theory, field tests, and improvements to living lab practices. %4 imec – MICT – Ghent University Lynn Coorevits is a Senior User Researcher for imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium, where she focuses on tools and techniques for open and user innovation, such as sensors and design thinking. Her current research focuses on the adoption and attrition of wearables as well as optimization of context integration in living lab projects. She works on several SME living lab projects ranging from the financial to social industry. She holds master’s degrees in Psychology and in Marketing Analysis from Ghent University and has 9 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %# imec – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %$ SMIT Olivier Rits holds a master’s degree in Applied Physics (Engineering) from the Ghent University in Belgium. Previously, Olivier worked as a business developer for Alcatel-Lucent, where he was involved with many different technologies. Within SMIT, Olivier is leading the business modelling practice in the context of SME living lab innovation projects. With a team of researchers, he is organizing business model workshops and stakeholder interviews to apply business model methodologies to link the user feedback and insights to the business model aspects of the SME’s strategy. Olivier is also involved in business modelling efforts in research projects dealing with ICT in general, with a specific interest in M2M and IoT and mobile telecommunications. %] imec.livinglabs Pieter Ballon is the Academic Lead of imec.livinglabs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and Director of the research group imec-SMIT at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was Senior Consultant and Team Leader at TNO. From 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union’s 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and an MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1054 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Platforms for Innovation and Internationalization %A Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen %A Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen %K globalization %K innovation %K internationalization %K lean and global startups %K lean startup %K platform %X The high-tech global startup has many challenges related to both innovation and internationalization. From a Danish cluster of Welfare Tech firms, eight innovative and international firms were selected and interviewed. Such firms typically have to be agile and operate in virtual networks in almost all parts of their value chains. This article contributes to the understanding of how innovation and internationalization to a great extent are interlinked. The firms have developed a core product or service offering, which the firms often describe as “a platform”. Around the platform, they develop their products and services for new customers and users in new countries. The firms have to sustain a strong focus on the platform while at the same time developing their platform solution for new products, new customers, and new markets. This pivoting makes it possible to use the platform in a new context but is highly demanding for the firms. They need to be extremely agile and fast-moving but at the same time still to have a focus on the core of the firm: the platform. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 23-31 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1074 %N 5 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik S. Rasmussen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He received his PhD in 2001 from the University of Southern Denmark, focusing on fast-internationalizing small and medium-sized firms. His research focuses especially on international entrepreneurship and born-global firms. In recent years, he has particularly focused on studying international entrepreneurs that can avoid domestic path dependence by establishing ventures that, from the beginning, develop routines for a multi-cultural workforce, coordinate resources across nations, and target customers in several geographic places simultaneously. Furthermore, he has published a number of articles about lean and global startups combining the lean startup and born-global theories. %2 University of Southern Denmark Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen is a PhD student in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. A particular focus of the project is on innovation and internationalization processes anchored in the structure of relationships among SMEs. The network perspective is concentrated on a Danish publicly funded welfare/health technology cluster. Central aspects of the work include how and why embedded opportunities and constraints evolve and are made sense of through the network for economic action. Nicolaj’s work experience was gained from practice through innovation consultancy in the venture capitalist industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1074 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Promoting Entrepreneurial Commitment: The Benefits of Interdisciplinarity %A Franziska Brodack %A Anna Sinell %K academic spin-offs %K entrepreneurial commitment %K interdisciplinarity %K team composition %K teamwork %K technology transfer %X This article is the first to examine the relationship between interdisciplinarity and entrepreneurial commitment in academic spin-offs. Building on literature on interdisciplinarity, academic entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial intention, we analyzed the development of nine interdisciplinary spin-off teams comprising expertise from science, industry, and design. Our findings suggest that interdisciplinary teams engage with their ideas, maintain productive interaction, and successfully implement these ideas. Subjects in this study thoroughly developed their project proposals and implementation strategies by examining them from multiple angles. They believed not only in the value of these projects, but in their own ability to see them through. They found one another’s contributions highly inspirational and experienced a strong sense of responsibility and motivation. Communication within the teams was well managed, and tasks were clearly defined and distributed. Based on our findings, we put forward a number of propositions about the positive effects of interdisciplinarity on entrepreneurial commitment and conclude with implications for future research and practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-13 %8 12/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1123 %N 12 %1 Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation Franziska Brodack is Research Fellow at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation in Berlin, Germany. Her current projects focus on academic spin-off creation and the utilization of inter- and transdisciplinary teams for technology and knowledge transfer. Franziska holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Brandenburg University of Technology in Germany. %2 Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation Anna Sinell is a PhD Candidate at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, and a Research Fellow at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation. Her research focus is the transfer of knowledge and technology between different actors in innovation ecosystems. She is currently finishing her PhD thesis on strategies to foster academic entrepreneurship at research institutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1123 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Q&A. Are Universities Ready for Knowledge Commercialization? %A Mohammad Saud Khan %K commercialization %K entrepreneurship %K knowledge %K research %K technology transfer %K universities %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 63-68 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1091 %N 7 %1 Victoria University of Wellington Mohammad Saud Khan, PhD, is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in the area of Strategic Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Before taking up this role, he was positioned as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Southern Denmark. Having a background in Mechatronics (Robotics & Automation) Engineering, he has worked as a field engineer in the oil and gas industry with Schlumberger Oilfield Services in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. His current research interests include innovation management (especially the implications of big data and 3D printing), technology, and social media entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1091 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern High-Tech Managers and Leaders? %A Clovia Hamilton %K cut-throat competition %K Innovation management %K leadership %K lean philosophy %K Machiavelli %K Machiavellian %K management %K technological innovation leadership %K The Prince %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 40-47 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1099 %N 8 %1 Clovia Hamilton is a registered patent attorney with university and federal lab technology innovation and commercialization experience. In August 2016, she earned a PhD in Industrial & Systems Engineering from the University of Tennessee Knoxville in the United States. Clovia also has an MBA from Wesleyan College, JD from Atlanta’s John Marshall law school and a Master of Laws (LLM) degree in intellectual property law from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. She researches business law and ethics, technology management, academic entrepreneurship, university–industry partnerships, university and federal lab technology transfer operations as supply chain networks, intellectual property, and scientific misconduct. Clovia served as the Director of Intellectual Property and Research Compliance at Old Dominion University and as a technology transfer specialist for the EPA’s National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Lab and the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign. She has also taught business law and ethics as an Adjunct Professor. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1099 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Q&A. How Do Digital Platforms for Ideas, Technologies, and Knowledge Transfer Act as Enablers for Digital Transformation? %A Mokter Hossain %A Astrid Heidemann Lassen %K digital platforms %K digitization %K enablers %K knowledge management %K Open innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 55-60 %8 09/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1106 %N 9 %1 Aalborg University Mokter Hossain is an Assistant Professor at the Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Denmark, and he a Visiting Scholar at the Institute of Strategy and Venturing in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Finland. He was a post-doctoral researcher at Imperial College London and at Aalto University after graduating with a Doctor of Science degree in Technology and Knowledge Management in 2016 from Aalto University. His research interests include innovation, strategy, and entrepreneurship. He has published over 35 journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers on a range of research topics, including open innovation, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, frugal innovation, reverse innovation, grassroots innovation, and business model innovation. %2 Aalborg University Astrid Heidemann Lassen is an Associate Professor in Innovation Management at Aalborg University, Denmark. Astrid is also the Head of Section in the Production at the Department of Materials and Production at Aalborg University. Since 2015, she has also been Visiting Professor at the Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Astrid has published extensively in international journals and academic books on the topics of innovation and knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1106 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Q&A. Is Internal Audit Ready for Blockchain? %A Hugh Rooney %A Brian Aiken %A Megan Rooney %K blockchain %K controls %K governance %K internal audit %K risk management %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 41-44 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1113 %N 10 %1 Tendermint/COSMOS Hugh Rooney is a member of the Tendermint/COSMOS team who are building blockchain infrastructure that will provide unparalleled scalability, security, and interoperability to the next generation of blockchain-based applications. Hugh holds an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business in London, Canada, and has extensive experience in the application of leading-edge technologies to a wide range of business problems in both the public and private sectors. %2 Audit Committee to the Auditor General of Canada Brian Aiken is an External Board Member of the Audit Committee to the Auditor General of Canada. He has held a variety of management positions at the Bank of Canada, including oversight for financial systems, strategic planning, corporate security, and internal audit. He later joined the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as a Chief Audit Executive, with responsibility for internal audit, program evaluation, and quality assurance and management review. He completed his career as the Assistant Comptroller General, Internal Audit, at the Treasury Board Secretariat of Canada. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in business administration from the University of Ottawa and is a Certified Internal Auditor and Certified Fraud Examiner. %3 Megan Rooney is a law student at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Canada, with an interest in the practical implications of technology on governance. A graduate of the Theatre Production and Management program at York Universities Fine Arts Department (Cum Laude and Dean’s List). Megan was a Senior Editor at the Osgoode Hall Law Journal and has worked as a research assistant to several professors as well as the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1113 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Realistic Creativity Training for Innovation Practitioners: The Know–Recognize–React Model %A Dagny Valgeirsdottir %A Balder Onarheim %K co-creation %K cognitive creativity %K creative awareness %K creative process %K creativity %K creativity training %K front-end innovation %K innovation process %K metacognition %K transdisciplinary %X Creativity is increasingly being recognized as important raw material for innovation, which highlights the importance of identifying ways to increase the creativity of practitioners. In this article, we describe our efforts to design a creativity training program specifically for innovation practitioners. Our aim was to develop a program that would be both theoretically sound (i.e., based on a rigorous scientific foundation) and relevant for practitioners (i.e., applicable to real-world contexts). Our transdisciplinary study employed co-creation as a method to ensure that three layers of focus would be taken into consideration: metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and metacognitive control. The result is a program called Creative Awareness Training, which is based on the new Know–Recognize–React model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-15 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1080 %N 6 %1 Technical University of Denmark Dagny Valgeirsdottir is a PhD researcher and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. Her research focuses on developing ways to enhance individual creativity by optimizing creativity training through the application of metacognitive approaches. She is the author of numerous articles on the topic and is currently working on finalizing her dissertation. Dagny furthermore contributes to the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity, which is an institute devoted to enhancing creativity of individuals and teams applying principles from neuroscience. %2 Technical University of Denmark Balder Onarheim is Associate Professor in Creativity and is part of the Innovation, Design and Entrepreneurship research group in the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. His expertise lies within a neurobiological understanding of creativity and methods to use this understanding to improve individuals’ capabilities in creative problem solving. Balder is moreover the founder of the Copenhagen Institute of NeuroCreativity and the CEO at PlatoScience, which is making a neurostimulator to enhance performance in knowledge work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1080 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Reflecting on 10 Years of the TIM Review %A Chris McPhee %A Teemu Santonen %A Ahmed Shah %A Ali Nazari %K business %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K journal %K management %K open source %K OSBR %K research %K scientometric analyses %K technology %K TIM Review %K topic %K topic modelling %X In July 2007, the first issue of this journal was published under the banner of the Open Source Business Resource. Re-launched with a broader scope in 2011 as the Technology Innovation Management Review, the journal now celebrates its 10th anniversary. In this article, we review the 10-year history of the journal to examine what themes have been covered, who has contributed, and how much the articles have been read and cited. During those 10 years, the journal has published 120 monthly issues, including more than 800 publications by more than 800 international authors from industry, academia, the public sector, and beyond. As discovered with topic modelling, the journal has covered seven themes: open source business, technology entrepreneurship, growing a business, research approaches, social innovation, living labs, and cybersecurity. Overall, the website has attracted over 1 million readers from around the world – 31% from Asia, 30% from the Americas, 26% from Europe, 8% from Africa, and 5% from Oceania – with over 25,000 readers now accessing the site each month. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-20 %8 07/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1087 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Teemu Santonen is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and is leading Laurea’s Centre for Applied Research and Development (CARD) in the area of Service Design and Open Innovation. At Laurea, he has personally initiated and managed various research projects achieving 2.5 M EUR in cumulative funding. He received his PhD (Econ.) degree in Information Systems Science from Aalto University in Finland in 2005 and has published or presented over 50 papers in international peer-refereed journals and at conferences. Currently, his research interests focus on social network analysis (SNA), Scientometrics”, and innovation management. At Laurea, Santonen has also filed several invention disclosures that have resulted in a startup company and one patent. The Finnish Inventor Support Association has honoured Santonen’s novel crowdsourcing project as the best school-related innovation in Finland. He is also a scientific panel member of ISPIM (The International Society for Professional Innovation Management) and is a former board member of Finnish Strategic Management Society. Prior to his academic career, Santonen worked for over a decade as a consultant and development manager in leading Finnish financial, media, and ICT sector organizations. %3 Global Cybersecurity Resource, Carleton University Ahmed Shah holds a BEng in Software Engineering from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Canada, and an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Ahmed has experience working in a wide variety of research roles at the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation, the Global Cybersecurity Resource, and Carleton University. %4 Global Cybersecurity Resource, Carleton University Ali Nazari is a consultant in the field of information technology and software applications. Ali holds a BSc degree in Computer Science from Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, Iran, and an MSc degree in Technology Information Management from Payam Noor University, also in Tehran. Currently, he is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management Program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He has 7 years of experience in data analysis, design, and development of IT/software applications and 10 years of experience with planning, consulting, and managing IT/software issues. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1087 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Reflecting on Actions in Living Lab Research %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Marita Holst %K action research %K Apollon %K context %K digital innovations %K end users %K innovation process %K Living lab %K research process %X Living labs deploy contemporary open and user-centred engagement processes in real-world contexts where all relevant stakeholders are involved and engaged with the endeavour to create and experiment with different innovations. The approach is evidently successful and builds on the perspective that people have a democratic right to have influence over changes that might affect them, such as those brought about by an innovation. In this article, we will reflect on and discuss a case in which end users took part in the development of a method that stimulates learning and adoption of digital innovations in their own homes while testing and interacting with it. The results show that, when end users were stimulated to use the implemented innovation through different explicit assignments, they both increased their understanding of the situation as well as changed their behaviour. Living lab processes are complex and dynamic, and we find that it is essential that a living lab have the capability to adjust its roles and actions. We argue that being reflective is beneficial for innovation process managers in living labs because it allows them to adjust processes in response to dynamic circumstances. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 27-34 %8 02/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1055 %N 2 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as smart cities, domestic IT use, and online privacy. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in both the Privacy Flag project and the U4IoT project financed by the European Commission. %2 Luleå University of Technology Marita Holst is Senior Project Manager at the Centre for Distance-Spanning Technology and General Manager of Botnia Living Lab at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. Marita’s research interests include methods and tools for creating collaborative working environments for innovative and boundary-crossing working groups and applied ongoing research and innovation projects such as OrganiCity, Privacy Flag, and U4IoT, in which she currently participates. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1055 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T The Sharing Economy and the Future of Personal Mobility: New Models Based on Car Sharing %A Olga Novikova %K integrated solution %K mobility modes %K shared mobility %K sharing economy %X The sharing economy is an emerging phenomenon that shapes the cultural, economic, and social landscape of our modern world. With variations of the concept of the sharing economy emerging in so many fields, the area of shared mobility – the shared use of a motor vehicle, bicycle, or other mode that enables travellers to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an on-demand basis – has developed as the forerunner of the transformation to be expected in other areas. This article examines how the sphere of personal mobility has been affected by the growth of sharing economy. It contributes to the growing body of shared mobility literature by uncovering innovative mobility-based models that represent solutions on the intersection of shared mobility, physical infrastructure, and integrated-mobility schemes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 27-31 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1097 %N 8 %1 Hanken School of Economics Olga Novikova is a researcher and PhD candidate at Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Previously, she has worked on a variety of research projects from electric mobility to business model innovation. Her current research interests are the emergence and implications of the sharing economy. She has also co-founded Experience Living, a hospitality company in the sharing-economy space. Most recently, she has co-founded Good TV, a global mobile channel with a focus on inspiring, educational, and entertaining content. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1097 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Smart Contract Relations in e-Commerce: Legal Implications of Exchanges Conducted on the Blockchain %A Philippa Ryan %K blockchain %K law %K legal %K online transactions %K reputation %K smart contracts %K trust %X Much of the discussion around blockchain-based smart contracts has focused on whether or not they operate in the same way as legal contracts. However, it is argued that most contracts are social rather than legal in nature and are entered into because the parties trust each other to perform the agreed exchange. Little has been written to address how the blockchain’s trust protocol can enable the kind of social contracting that characterized the way exchanges were conducted before the Internet. This article aims to fill that gap by exploring blockchain-based smart contracts primarily as non-contractual social exchanges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 14-21 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1110 %N 10 %1 University of Technology Sydney Philippa (Pip) Ryan is a Barrister and Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. Her PhD reclassified the liability of third parties to a breach of trust. Her current research explores contracts and trustless relationships enabled by blockchain technology. Pip designed and coordinates legal technology subjects and in conjunction with the UTS Connected Intelligence Centre, she is developing writing analysis software to improve students’ self-assessments. She is on the industry advisory board of the Australian Digital Commerce Association, she is the Deputy Chair of the Australian Computer Society’s Blockchain Technical Committee, and she is a member of the Standards Australia Blockchain Technical Committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1110 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A Structured Approach to Academic Technology Transfer: Lessons Learned from imec’s 101 Programme %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Stan De Vocht %A Sven De Cleyn %A Aron-Levi Herregodts %K academic spin-off %K entrepreneurial action %K entrepreneurship %K incubation %K research valorization %K technology transfer %X In this article, we describe imec’s 101 Programme for academic technology transfer and explain how it supports researchers by following a structured process in a limited amount of time and by carefully involving different stakeholders and people with relevant skills and expertise. The programme combines insights in terms of processes and of team composition from the entrepreneurship literature and puts them into practice in an internal incubation programme that is generated from the bottom-up. Based on hands-on experiences and interviews with key stakeholders in the process, we evaluate the programme and distill lessons learned. The article highlights the importance of a structured technology transfer process in the early stages of opportunity discovery and entrepreneurial action, and it offers insights on team formation for academic spin-offs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-14 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1095 %N 8 %1 imec Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead in User Research at imec.livinglabs and a Senior Researcher at imec – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. Dimitri is responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of these living lab projects and coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. His PhD thesis was entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %2 imec Stan De Vocht is the Innovation Manager at imec and was previously the Technology Transfer Manager at iMinds. Stan holds a Master of Law (LL.M.) and a Master of Intellectual Property and has been working in the technology transfer sector since his graduation in 2005. Stan has taken the initiative in the creation of the 101 programme and has helped several projects from technology to business. %3 imec Sven De Cleyn graduated with a Master in Commercial Engineering and started his professional career at the University of Antwerp, where he conducted research on high-tech spin-offs from European universities. He joined iMinds (merged with imec since October 2016) in 2011 as Technology Transfer Manager. He is in charge of the imec.istart business acceleration program in which he supports new spin-offs and startups. The program is recognized by UBI Global as one of the leading accelerators worldwide. Today, Sven is also a part-time professor in (high-tech) entrepreneurship at the University of Antwerp. %4 imec Aron-Levi Herregodts is a user specialist at imec.livinglabs and an affiliated researcher at imec-MICT-UGhent. He obtained master’s degrees in Communication Sciences (2013) and Complementary Business Economics (2014). As a user specialist with imec.livinglabs, his role is to translate multi-actor behaviour, needs, and wants to tangible recommendations to provide structure to the innovation process of startups, SMEs, and large organizations. His main interests include open innovation, user innovation, organizational learning, intermediary activities, and user-centric design and methodologies. He has specific interest in the configuration of intermediary learning activities based on the end user with innovation-relevant actors for distinct types of entrepreneurs and innovations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1095 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Taking Real-Life Seriously: An Approach to Decomposing Context Beyond “Environment” in Living Labs %A Lynn Coorevits %A An Jacobs %K context %K innovation process %K Living lab %K real-life %X The maturity of living labs has grown over the years and researchers have developed a uniform definition by emphasizing the multi-method and real-life, contextual approach. The latter predominantly focuses on the in situ use of a product during field trials where users are observed in their everyday life. Researchers thus recognize the importance of context in living labs, but do not provide adequate insights into how context can be taken into consideration. Therefore, the contribution of this article is twofold. By means of a case study, we show how field trials can be evaluated in a more structural way to cover all dimensions of context and how this same framework can be used to evaluate context in the front end of design. This framework implies that living lab researchers are no longer dependent on the technological readiness level of a product to evaluate all dimensions of context. By using the proposed framework, living lab researchers can improve the overall effectiveness of methods used to gather and analyze data in a living lab project. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 26-36 %8 01/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1047 %N 1 %1 imec-MICT-Ghent University Lynn Coorevits is a Senior User Researcher for imec-MICT-Ghent University, where she focuses on tools and techniques for open and user innovation, such as sensors and design thinking. Her current research focuses on the adoption and attrition of wearables as well as optimization of context integration in living lab projects. She works on several SME living lab projects ranging from the financial to social industry. She holds master’s degrees in Psychology and in Marketing Analysis from Ghent University in Belgium and has 9 years of experience in innovation research and consultancy. %2 imec-SMIT-VUB An Jacobs is an Assistant professor at imec SMIT (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium. Since 2005, she has participated in and coordinated various European Union and Flemish projects with a focus on digital innovations, human-centred design, and living lab methodologies. As a methodologist, she supports the Care Living Labs Flanders. One of her current research interests is on human–robot collaboration, with current and finished projects in hospital, care, and manufacturing settings. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1047 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Is There a Lean Future for Global Startups? %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K global startup %K international entrepreneurship %K international new venture %K lean global startup %K lean startup %K technology startup %X This article integrates insights from the latest research on the lean startup entrepreneurial method, born-global firms, and global startups. It contributes to the clarification of terminology referring to the global aspects of startups, summarizes insights from previous literature focusing on global startups, and further substantiates the articulation of the need for considering the lean global startup as a new type of firm. The main message is that the lessons learned from the emergence of lean startup entrepreneurship offer a basis for promoting a similar lean phase in technology-based global startup research and practice. The analysis should benefit both researchers and practitioners in technology entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, and global innovation management. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-15 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1072 %N 5 %1 Southern Denmark University Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Southern Denmark University (SDU) in Odense. Dr. Tanev is leading the Technology Entrepreneurship stream of the Master Program of Product Development and Innovation at SDU. He is also an Adjunct Research Professor in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of global technology entrepreneurship, technology innovation management, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review, the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory, and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1072 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T TIM Lecture Series – Building Trust in an IoT-Enabled World %A Jeremy Watson %A John Marshall %A Mike Young %A Peter Smetny %A David Mann %K cybersecurity %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K ransomware %K trust %K WannaCry %K wireless %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 50-54 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1084 %N 6 %1 IET Jeremy Watson CBE is President and Fellow of the IET and Professor of Engineering Systems and Vice-Dean (Mission) in the Faculty of Engineering Sciences, based in the Department of Science Technology, Engineering and Public Policy at University College London. He is also Chief Scientist and Engineer at the Building Research Establishment (BRE). Until November 2012, Jeremy was Chief Scientific Advisor for the Department of Communities & Local Government (DCLG). He worked as Arup's Global Research Director between 2006 and 2013. Jeremy was awarded a CBE in the Queen's 2013 Birthday honours for services to engineering. An engineer by training, Jeremy has experience as a practitioner and director of pure and applied research and development in industry, the public sector, and academia. He has held research and technical management roles in industry and universities plus voluntary service with the DTI and BIS. His interests include interactions in, and the design of, socio-technical systems, emerging technology identification, development and deployment, and strategic innovation processes. Jeremy is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He is a former Board member of the UK Government Technology Strategy Board (Innovate UK), and he is a founding trustee and Chair-elect of the Institute for Sustainability. He chairs the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Innovation Advisory Board and BuildingSMART UK, and until recently, served on the Council of the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). %2 inBay Technologies John Marshall is Principal Software Engineer at inBay Technologies in Kanata, Canada. He has over 20 years of experience as a software architect and technical leader developing real-time embedded telecommunications software, with a passion for improving software development. Previously, he worked as a Senior Software Engineer at Avaya and Software Architect for Nortel Networks. He holds a Bachelor’s degrees in Computing Science from the Technical University of Nova Scotia in Halifax, Canada, and in Mathematics from Dalhousie University, also in Halifax. %3 Bastille Mike Young is a Senior Wireless Security Engineer at Bastille in New York, United States. He founded the Connecticut ISSA chapter and is currently a board member of the New York Metro ISSA. He has worked at Verizon, Verisign, RSA Security, and many security startups. He gave a speech on “Applying PKI” at the NSA in Fort Meade, Maryland. Mike received his Bachelor’s degree in IT Management from Fordham University in New York, and he holds a Master’s degree in IT Management from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. %4 Fortinet Peter Smetny is the Systems Engineering Director at Fortinet in Ottawa, Canada. As a technical architect, Peter has extensive experience in systems infrastructure design and implementation. He offers vast experience as a network/security architect, with a wide range of network devices, protocols, applications, operating systems, as well as integration, best practice, and design knowledge. His success is attributed to a demonstrated sense of accomplishment, leadership, dedication and initiative. Peter holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %# inBay Technologies David Mann is Director and Chief Security Officer of inBay Technologies in Kanata, Canada. He is a visionary innovator and calculated risk-taker with expertise in creating and leading new business ventures. He is a former Nortel executive, where amongst many achievements he nurtured the development of Entrust, a pioneer digital security company, leading to its $700+ million IPO. David actively engages in executive mentoring and advising Canada's leading researchers in the futures of cybersecurity, web network evolution, and the rapidly changing market of smart web-based applications. David is the Chair of several not-for-profit organizations, including the IET Ottawa Local Network, and he is an honorary member of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Science. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1084 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Towards Third-Generation Living Lab Networks in Cities %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Mika Westerlund %K city %K co-creation %K collaborative innovation %K innovation %K Living lab %K networks %K Open innovation %K smart city %K third-generation %X Many cities engage in diverse experimentation, innovation, and development activities with a broad variety of environments and stakeholders to the benefit of citizens, companies, municipalities, and other organizations. Hence, this article discusses such engagement in terms of next-generation living lab networks in the city context. In so doing, the study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a framework of collaborative innovation networks in cities and suggesting a typology of third-generation living labs. Our framework is characterized by diverse platforms and participation approaches, resulting in four distinctive modes of collaborative innovation networks where the city is: i) a provider, ii) a neighbourhood participator, iii) a catalyst, or iv) a rapid experimenter. The typology is based on an analysis of 118 interviews with participants in six Finnish cities and reveals various ways to organize innovation activities in the city context. In particular, cities can benefit from innovation networks by simultaneously exploiting multiple platforms such as living labs for innovation. We conclude by discussing implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 21-35 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1118 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Espoo, Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC), currently a part of the South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at the SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include sustainable logistics and supply chain management, high-tech and service business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor of Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1118 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A University–Industry Collaborative Entrepreneurship Education Program as a Trading Zone: The Case of Osaka University %A Koichi Nakagawa %A Megumi Takata %A Kosuke Kato %A Terumasa Matsuyuki %A Toshihiko Matsuhashi %K entrepreneurship education %K experiential learning %K technology commercialization %K trading zone %K university–industry collaboration %X Two complementary problems are that busy practitioners find it difficult to access academic knowledge and university students lack practical experience. University–industry collaborative education is a potential solution for both of these problems by bringing together theoretical insights from universities and experiential know-how from industry. However, university–industry collaborative education has not been sufficiently studied to offer clear frameworks and mechanisms to foster effective knowledge exchanges between these two groups. In this article, we propose the metaphor of a “trading zone” as a potential analytical framework for implementing this method of education. Applying this framework to the analysis of a university–industry collaborative education program, this study proposes that the exchange of knowledge between students and practitioners is the essential learning experience and that it is made more meaningful by the heterogeneity between students and practitioners. The shared language provided by the program and those who deliver it make the exchanges efficient, and the temporary and extraordinary nature of the program accelerate those exchanges. Here, we analyze the case of Osaka University in Japan to illustrate the framework and develop associated propositions to encourage further study and validation of the framework. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 38-49 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1083 %N 6 %1 Osaka University Koichi Nakagawa is an Associate Professor of the Graduate School of Economics at Osaka University, Japan. He received a PhD in Economics from The University of Tokyo. His academic works are mainly about the management of innovation, and his current interests focus on the key success factors for innovation in emerging situations, such as university–industry collaboration, post-corporate acquisition, and low-income countries. He works not only as an academician but also as a consultant of innovation and design management for private companies. %2 Kyushu University Megumi Takata is a Professor in the Department of Business and Technology Management within the Graduate School of Economics at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan (Kyushu University Business School; QBS). Since 2010, he is also a faculty member of the Kyushu University Robert T. Huang/Entrepreneurship Center (QREC). Megumi is also a Registered Technology Transfer Professional since 2014. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering in Metallurgy and a Master in Architecture & Regional Planning from Kyushu University. After several multi-year experiences as an engineer and consultant, in 1999 he joined CASTI, the technology licensing company of the University of Tokyo, as an Executive Vice President & COO. He moved to QBS as an Associate Professor in 2003. He was also a Director of the Tech-Transfer Department of the Intellectual Property Management Center of Kyushu University from 2003 to 2010. %3 Osaka University Kosuke Kato currently serves as the Head of the Planning Section in the Co-Innovation Division of the Office for Industry–University Co-Creation at Osaka University, Japan. He has also served as an Associate Professor in the Management of Industry and Technology Division of the Graduate School of Engineering at Osaka University. He has published a peer-reviewed article in the Journal of the Licensing Executives Society International (JLESI) on the topic of technology transfer. Kosuke received his PhD in Science and Technology from Kumamoto University and performed research in the area of human informatics. He has published multiple articles in peer-reviewed journals, for example, on the topic of the sensory-motor integration of musicians. He also holds an MS degree in Architectural Engineering from Kobe University. He completed the Technology Transfer Fellowship program offered by Boston University’s Office of Technology Development and has been globally recognized as a Registered Technology Transfer Professional since November 2013. %4 Osaka University Terumasa Matsuyuki is Visiting Associate Professor in the Office for Industry–University Co-Creation at Osaka University, Japan. His research fields are microeconomic theory, industrial organization, and entrepreneurship. He teaches classes on entrepreneurship technology entrepreneurship, international business and standardization, social design, science, technology and social enterprise, leadership and management, practicing global leadership, among others. He has been a committee member of innovation programs such as the Cross-Boundary Innovation Program and the EDGE program at Osaka University. He is one of the core members in entrepreneurship education at Osaka University and organizes the Entrepreneurship Speaker Series. He offers many workshops on ideation, design thinking, and behaviour observation. His previous positions include Associate Professor in the Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences at Osaka University, Lecturer at Yokohama National University, and Visiting Scholar at Toyo University. %# Osaka University Toshihiko Matsuhashi is a specially appointed Professor for University–Industry Co-Innovation at Osaka University, Japan. He graduated from Kyoto University with a Bachelor of Engineering, and he received an MBA from Boston University in the United States. He has been engaged in making and supporting strategic collaborations for innovation between industry and academia and with the incubation of startups at Osaka University. He has over 23 years of business experience, including strategic consultation for a hospital management company and strategic planning, technology management, and new business creation at a global electronics company. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1083 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Using Artificial Intelligence and Web Media Data to Evaluate the Growth Potential of Companies in Emerging Industry Sectors %A Andrew Droll %A Shahzad Khan %A Ehsanullah Ekhlas %A Stoyan Tanev %K analytics %K artificial intelligence %K business intelligence %K entrepreneurship %K online textual data %K precision medicine sector %K startup growth potential %X In this article, we describe our efforts to adapt and validate a web search and analytics tool – the Gnowit Cognitive Insight Engine – to evaluate the growth and competitive potential of new technology startups and existing firms in the newly emerging precision medicine sector. The results are based on two different search ontologies and two different samples of firms. The first sample includes established drug companies operating in the precision medicine field and was used to estimate the relationship between the firms’ innovativeness and the extent of online discussions focusing on their potential growth. The second sample includes new technology firms in the same sector. The firms in the second sample were used as test cases to determine whether their growth-related web search scores would relate to the degree of their innovativeness. The second part of the study applied the same methodology to the real-time monitoring of the firms’ competitive actions. In our findings, we see that our methodology reveals a moderate degree of correlation between the Insight Engine’s algorithmically computed relevance scores and independent measures of innovation potential. The existence of such correlations invites future work in attempting to analyze company growth potential using techniques founded in web content scraping, natural language processing, and machine learning. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 25-37 %8 06/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1082 %N 6 %1 Gnowit Inc. Andrew Droll is Lead Data Scientist at Gnowit in Ottawa, Canada. Andrew holds PhD and MSc degrees in pure mathematics from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he holds a BSc degree in Mathematics and Physics from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His peer-reviewed publications span the fields of physics, mathematics, and computer science. Currently, Andrew works on development and management of Gnowit’s research and engineering projects. %2 Gnowit Inc. Shahzad Khan is the CTO of Gnowit Inc. in Ottawa, Canada, that provides personalized, real-time web intelligence for individuals and corporations. The firm employs artificial intelligence to automatically gather data from fragmented web sources in near-real-time and filter the data using human-like synthetic cognitive methods to provide highly curated intelligence to their clients. He has a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, an MSc in Information Studies from Syracuse University in New York, USA, and a BSc (Hons) in Computer Science from the Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS) in Lahore, Pakistan. His research interests lie in semantic analysis on big data repositories using natural language processing and machine learning at scale. %3 University of Southern Denmark Ehsan Ekhlas is a student and entrepreneur completing studies in Technology Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark. Ehsan is also Founder & CEO of Mimac IVS, a company focused on fashion accessories for Apple products. In his research, Ehsan uses technological and big data tools to try to discover insights about how people do work in the real world. %4 Southern Denmark University Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Southern Denmark University (SDU) in Odense. Dr. Tanev is leading the Technology Entrepreneurship stream of the Master Program of Product Development and Innovation at SDU. He is also an Adjunct Research Professor in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of global technology entrepreneurship, technology innovation management, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review, the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory, and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1082 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Value Propositions for the Internet of Things: Guidance for Entrepreneurs Selling to Enterprises %A David Hudson %K entrepreneurship %K guide %K Internet of Things %K offers %K value propositions %X This article provides entrepreneurs with guidance to help understand and express the specific and compelling value proposition for their Internet of Things (IoT) offer. IoT enables such a wide range of possible short- and long-term opportunities that IoT entrepreneurs may fall into the trap of considering IoT generally rather than positioning their offer to a buyer in a specific manner that helps win deals. The process of understanding and expressing a compelling value proposition will help the IoT entrepreneur focus their offer, understand who the real buyer is, and demonstrate tangible value to that buyer in a manner that is directed towards winning deals. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 5-11 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1116 %N 11 %1 David Hudson is a technology management professional who has 30 years experience in industry and academia. Most recently he led new business incubation within the Chief Technology Office at Dell EMC. He is an Executive in Residence at the University of New Brunswick’s Technology Management and Entrepreneurship program. He has been a Lecturer in technology innovation in the MBA program at Carleton University’s Eric Sprott School of Business, a Director of Lead to Win, the Chair of the Ontario Centres of Excellence ICT advisory board, and a consultant to technology firms. Previously, he was the Vice President of advanced research and development at Nortel and has had an extensive career in technology business management as well as R&D. David received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. His Doctorate is from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where his research focused on employee innovation on-the-job. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1116 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T All Australian Regions Are Not Born Equal: Understanding the Regional Innovation Management Sandpit %A Anton Kriz %A Courtney Molloy %A Alexandra Kriz %A Sabrina Sonntag %K action research %K constructed advantage %K phronesis %K pivot %K quadruple helix %K regional innovation management sandpit %K RIS3 %K smart specialization %K strategic management %K triple helix %X In this article, we highlight and challenge an overly simplistic assessment of regions and regional innovation systems in Australia. Treating each region and place as equal and prescribing blanket policy is anathema to the reality. Having argued that places are not equivalent, we then move on to highlight that commonalities at a deeper institutional level are possible. We draw on fieldwork and ongoing action research from the Australian regions of Hunter and Central Coast (New South Wales) and Northern Tasmania. Results of the theory and case work have been instrumental in the development of 11 structural attributes of a regional innovation management (RIM) sandpit framework. The framework provides attributes but also important process insights related to regional programs, enterprise development, and project innovations. Although developing from the Australian context, we expect that the RIM Sandpit and its place-based insights can be generalized to other regions around the world. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 11-23 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/993 %N 6 %1 University of Newcastle Anton Kriz is Senior Lecturer at the University of Newcastle, Australia, where he is a specialist in innovation management and strategy. He has an extensive background in business, industry, government, and academia. He has been a CEO, a management consultant, and while working in Government, has secured international joint ventures as well as conducted major research and development projects in Australia and overseas. Anton has had over 20 years research experience in Asia working with key markets such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Korea. Because of his understanding of doing business in China, Anton has also worked on projects such as Tourism Australia’s 2020 China Strategy. He is known for his ability to boundary span between government, university, and industry. Anton's other expertise is in enterprise-specific innovation management in areas such as mining services, manufacturing, agribusiness, and sport. %2 University of Newcastle Courtney McGregor is a PhD Candidate at the University of Newcastle, Australia, where she is investigating individual innovative champion behaviour in the public and not-for-profit sectors. Courtney worked for IBM’s Global Business Services where she recruited new talent for Application Innovation Services and Application Management Services. This role provided a sound basis for her move into Workforce Management, which involved managing the allocation of resources across several business units to support consulting projects. %3 University of Sydney Alexandra Kriz completed a Bachelor of Economics (Honours) at the University of Sydney, Australia, where she also recently completed her PhD in the early growth of firms related to innovation in spin-outs. She has been a visiting researcher at the Turku School of Economics (University of Turku, Finland) and the Adam Smith Business School (University of Glasgow, Scotland). Alexandra's Honours thesis explored ambidexterity and the ability to undertake both radical and incremental innovation. %4 University of Newcastle Sabrina Sonntag is a PhD Candidate at the University of Newcastle, Australia, where she is investigating the potential for building Mittelstand and hidden champion capabilities in the Australian manufacturing sector. Sabrina has studied in England where she completed her Honours degree. She has been involved in Federal Government projects including looking at improving the performance of regional SMEs and networks through improved government engagement. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/993 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Assessing Cooperation between Industry and Research Infrastructure in Hungary %A Csaba Deák %A István Szabó %K assessment %K Hungary %K national infrastructure %K research infrastructure %K survey %K university %X In developed countries, a large share of R&D work is performed in universities, but the real significance of their contribution is larger, because they conduct most of the fundamental research. In this article, we examine one aspect of the academic sector that is visible to most outsiders, a field that requires usually the most resources as well: the research infrastructure. Hungary is currently in the process of forming its own National Infrastructure Roadmap. We present the results of a nation-wide survey carried out in 2014 by the National Innovation Office in support of the National Infrastructure Roadmap. The results represent a good starting point for developing measures and setting up goals for scientific fields. With the identification of research infrastructure usage by industry, this method might provide a best practice for other countries to undertake similar evaluations for their respective infrastructures. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 13-20 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1001 %N 7 %1 Corvinus University of Budapest Csaba Deák is Associate Professor at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary, and Chancellor of the University of Miskolc, Hungary. Between 2012 and 2014 he was the Deputy Chairman of National Innovation Office of Hungary. He is Guest Lecturer at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai in Romania and Chairman of North Hungarian ICT Cluster. He has also worked as a management consultant for Human Telex Consulting Ltd. (Budapest) and several Hungarian and transnational companies. His main fields of research and training are innovation management, project management, and change Management. In 2001, he attained a doctorate (PhD) concerning change management and the re-engineering of projects in practice, and in 2010, he attained an academic habilitation concerning innovation management and project management. Csaba is a fellow of ISPIM (International Society for Professional Innovation Management). %2 National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary) István Szabó is Head of Department at the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary) and a governmental delegate for the European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI). He is responsible for activities related to research infrastructure in Hungary and acted as project leader of the National Research Infrastructure survey. He led the RDI Observatory in Hungary and constructed a database to support evidence-based policy making. He is also a PhD student at the University of Miskolc, Hungary. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1001 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Audience Commodification: A Source of Innovation in Business Models %A Datis Khajeheian %K audience commodification %K business model %K innovation %K technology entrepreneurship %K value marketing %X This article reports on a research project aimed at developing a business model by changing the value-creation mechanism. The essence of this change is to persuade customers to perform actions in favour of the service provider. Such actions include responding to advertising clips to unlock value. The business model was generated from the concept of audience commodification and is based on the idea of looking at users as a source of a tradeable asset in business-to-business markets. Here, attention and actions are the assets that users pay to access the proposed value. The research includes two phases of surveys and experimentation. In the first phase, the tendency and acceptance level of users towards watching advertisements to unlock value are measured. In the next phase, a platform prototype is developed to test and understand user actions towards receiving value. The sample includes 52 users of different nationalities who were seeking relationships on an online dating platform. Results revealed that users accept advertising and will perform requested actions if they can perceive the delivered value. Practical implications of this research include insights to help move away from the current “view-based” advertising model toward new models of partnership with users in the value-creation process. This research may also stimulate further research into developing sustainable business models based on advertising revenue. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 40-47 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1010 %N 8 %1 Aalborg University Datis Khajeheian is a lecturer in the Center for Communication, Media and Information Technologies in Aalborg University of Denmark. He earned his PhD in Media Management and his MA in Entrepreneurship with a specialty in New Venture Creation. Datis is Head of the special interest group of “Emerging Media Markets” in the European Media Management Association. His mission is to lead academic and practical research to understand the emergence of new markets and opportunities in niche areas for international media companies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1010 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Boundary Objects as Part of Knowledge Integration for Networked Innovation %A Sari Mäenpää %A Anu Helena Suominen %A Rainer Breite %K boundary object %K co-creation network %K cross-learning %K knowledge integration %K networked innovation %X Networked innovation in co-creation networks is not possible without collaborative practices. Especially in complex projects, contextual knowledge is often spread among different stakeholders. To harness this dispersed knowledge for networked innovation, working knowledge management and collaborative practices are needed. This article addresses this need for better understanding and approaches to facilitate knowledge integration for networked innovation. We consider knowledge integration as the ability to put knowledge into action, and networked innovation as the co-created goal-driven output of selected partners. Our study focuses on describing and reporting a cross-learning type of expert knowledge-integration process with boundary objects, concrete or abstract “bridges” for overcoming possible knowledge boundaries, in a co-creation network. This article adds knowledge on networked innovation through knowledge integration with boundary objects. The reported process will help managers to systematically approach problems requiring expert knowledge that does not exist within their own organization and to better integrate knowledge required for innovation within their project networks. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 25-36 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1025 %N 10 %1 Tampere University of Technology Sari Mäenpää, DrTech, works as a Post-Doctoral Researcher and Project Manager in the area of Industrial and Information Management at the Tampere University of Technology, Finland. She holds a LicSc degree in Logistics, an MSc degree in Industrial Engineering, and a BSc degree in Construction Engineering. Her doctoral thesis focused on managing network relations in project business context. Sari has been working for years in the field of research and education and is especially interested in knowledge integration, relationship quality, and digitalization among manufacturing networks and business ecosystems. Prior to her academic career, she worked several years within the construction industry. %2 Tampere University of Technology Anu Helena Suominen, MScTech, is currently a doctoral student in the area of Industrial and Information Management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Her doctoral thesis focuses on inter-organizational network legitimation. Anu has several years of practical working experience in exports in the metal and telecommunications industries. She has also managed both networking and training projects in industry. Her research interests focus on inter-organizational networks and their governance, and innovation, especially from the perspective of knowledge management. %3 Tampere University of Technology Rainer Breite, DrTech, is a Lecturer and Researcher in the area of Industrial and Information Management at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. He has worked in several engineering companies, and his main industrial experience derives from water turbines. Rainer’s research interest is focused on knowledge sharing in supply chains and networks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1025 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Building Scientist Capacity in Knowledge Translation: Development of the Knowledge Translation Planning Template %A Melanie Barwick %K capacity building %K competencies %K knowledge translation %K template %K tools %X The last fifteen years have seen a fundamental shift in the importance of knowledge translation in health research and clinical care. Health research funders have incorporated knowledge translation into their missions, strategic directions, and funding opportunities, encouraging knowledge translation and implementation science and requiring knowledge translation practice from researchers working across the health research pillars – basic, clinical, health services, and population health. Healthcare and research organizations have changed their landscape as well, hiring knowledge translation practitioners to bridge research and practice for a range of knowledge users. Universities are shifting criteria for academic promotion to incorporate knowledge translation. Growing attention to knowledge translation in research, practice, and scholarship has created a need for researchers and practitioners to develop knowledge translation skills and competencies related to their research, scholarship, and organizational activities. The Knowledge Translation Planning Template was developed to support knowledge translation planning for scientists in health and other sectors. This article provides an overview of the rationale for its development, introduces the tool components, and describes preliminary indicators of impact. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 9-15 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1015 %N 9 %1 SickKids Melanie Barwick (PhD, CPsych) is a Senior Scientist in the Child Evaluative Sciences Program of the Research Institute, and Head of the Child and Youth Mental Health Research Unit (CYMHRU) in the Department of Psychiatry at SickKids in Toronto, Canada. She is also affiliated with the SickKids’ Learning Institute where she conducts professional development in knowledge translation, and with the Centre for Global Child Health as a scientist and member of the leadership. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. She chairs the Creative Professional Activity Committee for the Department of Psychiatry, and is a member of the Departmental Promotions Committee. She is an Executive Board member for AMREF Health Africa, the Children and Youth in Challenging Contexts (CCYC) Network Centre of Excellence and for the Global Implementation Initiative (GII), and she is an Associate Editor for the journal Evidence & Policy. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1015 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Co-Creating User Stories: A Tool for Making Sense of Business Opportunities %A Anna-Greta Nyström %A Miia Mustonen %A Seppo Yrjölä %K business-to-business %K co-creation %K sensemaking %K user stories %X This article discusses co-creation as a means of sensemaking among business-to-business actors, and presents a case study from the information and communications sector, in which the aim is to understand current and future media consumption and behaviour. We propose to expand the notion of co-creation in such a way that it also recognizes interaction and sensemaking between different stakeholders within an industry or sector, compared to the current view, in which the focus is on the consumers’ role in co-creation activities. Stakeholder co-creation entails jointly creating meaning of a chosen complex phenomenon by using practical tools, such as narratives in the form of user stories. Sensemaking is a narrative process and can thus be used in combination with practical facilitation tools in order to co-create user stories or other stories, and in other contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 33-39 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1009 %N 8 %1 Åbo Akademi University Anna-Greta Nyström D.Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland. Anna-Greta holds a doctoral degree in International Marketing from the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University. Her doctoral research focused on industry change in the Finnish telecommunications sector, with a special focus on technological convergence. Anna-Greta’s current research interests include consumer behaviour in high-tech industries and changing media-consumption patterns. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Miia Mustonen is a Research Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She received her MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Oulu, Finland, in 2005. She has been actively involved in regulatory activities in both European and international regulatory bodies. She holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu, Finland, where she is currently finalizing her PhD degree on spectrum-sharing models in policy making. %3 Nokia Innovation Steering Seppo Yrjölä is a Principal Innovator at Nokia Innovation Steering. Prior to joining Innovations in 2007, he headed wireless technology research at Nokia. He holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oulu, Finland, and did his postgraduate studies in the area of telecommunication and radio technology. His current focus is innovating in the area of future radios with cognitive radio business opportunities and potential disruptions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1009 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Collaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities %A Jukka Ojasalo %A Heini Kauppinen %K collaboration %K collaborative innovation %K innovation intermediaries %K innovation platform %K PPPP %K public innovation %K public–private–people partnership %K smart city %K urban development %X Despite the rapid increase of public–private–people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 49-60 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1041 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jukka Ojasalo is a Professor and current Head of the Master of Business Administration Degree Programme at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and Adjunct Professor at Aalto University School of Business and Helsinki University Faculty of Social Sciences. He completed his PhD at Hanken Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration in Helsinki, Finland in 1999. Previously, he was Professor of Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology as well as at Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several years in the IT industry and for the Finnish government. He has published two textbooks and many articles on service, customer relationships, networks, and innovation. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Heini Kauppinen is an experienced service design professional who holds an MBA from Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland. As a student, she was a member of the research group for this study the opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors. Her work and research interests include service innovation and design, co-creation, and project management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1041 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Concept of the Entrepreneurial University Applied to Universities of Technology in Austria: Already Reality or a Vision of the Future? %A Martin Sperrer %A Christiana Müller %A Julia Soos %K entrepreneurial spirit %K entrepreneurial university %K entrepreneurship %K HEInnovate framework %K triple helix %K TU Austria %K TU Graz %K TU Wien %X The concept of the "entrepreneurial university" is now recognized as a major driver for self-development and innovation and as an appropriate response to succeeding in highly turbulent and unpredictable markets. This article outlines and evaluates the current implementation of this concept at the universities of technology (TU) in Austria. First, to evaluate the status quo, a review of existing programs and initiatives was undertaken at the three universities comprising the "TU Austria": TU Graz, TU Wien (Vienna), and MU Leoben. Second, a questionnaire was designed on the basis of the HEInnovate framework and sent to representatives of the three universities and resulted in responses from TU Graz and TU Wien. The results underscore that the model of the entrepreneurial university represents the next step of development in higher education. Moreover, it demonstrates that there is still room for improvement at the TU Austria, especially in terms of fostering an entrepreneurial spirit among students. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 37-44 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1026 %N 10 %1 Graz University of Technology Martin Sperrer is a graduate student in Production Science and Management at the Nanyang Technology University in Singapore and Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering and Management, also from Graz University of Technology. His key research interests focus on technical processes and entrepreneurship. %2 Graz University of Technology Christiana Müller is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of General Management and Organization at the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria. She holds a PhD in Techno-Economics and a Master’s degree in Software Development and Business Management, both from TU Graz. The focus of her PhD was on the flexibility of business models, in particular which parts of the business model have to be flexible and which capabilities are therefore needed. Her current research topics span the area of technology-oriented business model innovation, both in established and start-up companies. She recently started a study to elaborate the influence of advancements in digitalization on business model development. %3 Graz University of Technology Julia Soos is a PhD candidate at the Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria, where she also holds a Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering and Management. She has work experience as a business consultant covering diverse industries, with a focus on marketing, customer relationship management, and process management. Her current research interests lie in competence development for entrepreneurs in high-technology industries and the concept of the entrepreneurial university. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1026 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Corporate and Grassroot Frugal Innovation: A Comparison of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies %A Liza Wohlfart %A Mark Bünger %A Claus Lang-Koetz %A Frank Wagner %K case studies %K corporate frugal innovation %K frugal innovation %K grassroots frugal innovation %K startups %K sustainability %X Frugal innovations aim at the development of basic solutions that are affordable for price-sensitive customer groups. This article looks at the similarities and differences between two major approaches, corporate and grassroot frugal innovation, and identifies initial ideas on how the two streams can learn from each other. The three pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) provide one of the guidelines for the comparison. The research is based on an analysis of case studies from various industries, six of which are presented in this article. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-17 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/977 %N 4 %1 Fraunhofer IAO Liza Wohlfart (MA) works as a Scientist and Project Manager at the Competence Center R&D Management of Fraunhofer IAO in Stuttgart, Germany. She has long-term experience with national and international research and consulting projects. Topics of specific expertise include innovation management, business development, frugal innovation, and the human side of R&D. She has been the manager of large international projects, both EU- and industry-funded, where she has been responsible for the development of Community of Interests among Russian SMEs and the establishment of an Innovation Audit Tool for South-Australian SMEs. She is the editor of two books on knowledge management and business development, and she is the author of several scientific publications. She has delivered seminars and intermediary training sessions related to innovation as well as lectures on project management. Her international experience includes several European countries as well as Brazil, Russia, Australia, and Malaysia. %2 Lux Research Mark Bünger is Vice President of Research at Lux Research. Since joining Lux in 2005, Mark Bünger has seeded, launched, and led many of the company’s intelligence services and consulting work, ranging from bio-based fuels and chemicals to big data in agriculture and healthcare. Mark previously worked at Forrester Research, Accenture, and several successful startups. His business education at Mälardalen Polytechnic (Sweden) and the University of Texas (United States) focused on market research, complemented by studies and lab work in neurology and bioengineering at the University of California (Berkeley and UCSF). He is a standing guest lecturer at UC Berkeley and collaborates widely on studies of innovation with Fraunhofer Institute (Germany), LUMS (Pakistan), Masdar (Abu Dhabi), and the Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering, among others. %3 Pforzheim University Claus Lang-Koetz is Professor for Sustainable Technology and Innovation Management at Pforzheim University in Pforzheim near Stuttgart, Germany. His research interests are management methods and tools that help companies to deal with innovation ideas and implement them into resource efficient products and solutions – while using new technologies where appropriate. Claus studied Environmental Engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) and Water Resources Engineering and Management (MSc) in Germany and the United States. He worked in applied research at University of Stuttgart and Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering from 2000 until 2009 and obtained a doctorate in Engineering Science (Dr.-Ing.) at the University of Stuttgart in 2006. From 2009 through 2014, he was Head of Innovation Management at Eisenmann SE, a plant engineering and equipment firm supplying, for example, systems for surface finishing technology worldwide. %4 Fraunhofer IAO and Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Frank Wagner is Head of the Competence Centre R&D Management at Fraunhofer IAO and a lecturer in Technology Management at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Based in Brisbane, Australia, as a Professor at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Frank is working on R&D and innovation projects mostly relating to the Innovation Manufacturing CRC and Assistive Technologies. He has over two decades of experience in implementing numerous innovation and technology management, corporate development, and organizational design projects across various sectors in Australia, Asia, America, and Europe. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/977 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Review and Future Research Agenda %A Kamal Sakhdari %K corporate entrepreneurship %K established firms %K innovation %K strategic renewal %K venturing %X The overarching theme of corporate entrepreneurship literature is to understand why some firms are able to generate higher levels of corporate entrepreneurship than others. While the extant literature has greatly advanced our understanding of entrepreneurial activities by established firms, less effort has been made to systematically review the literature to help us identify missing links and knowledge in prior studies. To address this gap, this article critically reviews previous important studies on corporate entrepreneurship and then develops a framework integrating previous research. Finally, the article suggests five potentially worthwhile avenues for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-18 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1007 %N 8 %1 University of Tehran Kamal Sakhdari is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Entrepreneurship at the University of Tehran, Iran. He received his PhD in Business and Entrepreneurship from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. His main research interests are corporate entrepreneurship, innovation management, institutional theory, and international business. He is also a member of the Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research (ACE) at the QUT Business School. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1007 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Creating Brand India: Strategies, Issues, and Challenges %A Alok Chakrawal %A Pratibha Goyal %K Brand India %K challenges %K economic growth %K entrepreneurship %K government initiatives %K innovation %K Make in India %X Just like a product, person, or institution, a country also has an impression in the minds of people. A brand distinguishes the product of one seller from those of the others. With the Indian Prime Minister's recent call to "Make in India", brand building is receiving more attention and momentum in the country. India is the largest democratic country with the highest GDP, and it is becoming a favourable destination for the global investment giants. But, despite various strengths and successes in image building, the country faces challenges in creating a sustainable, conducive environment for making India a production hub of the world. Bureaucracy, corruption, delay in clearance of business proposals, ethical standards and work culture, tax reforms, political interventions, socio-economic barriers, regionalism, etc. are some of the challenges that must be coped with. This article examines these various issues and challenges that must be overcome in creating Brand India. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-9 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/985 %N 5 %1 Saurashtra University Alok Chakrawal is a Professor of Commerce and Business Administration, and the Coordinator of the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) at Saurashtra University in Rajkot, India. He holds MCom and PhD degrees, for which he was awarded a Gold Medal upon graduation followed by a Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission. He is an accomplished international speaker and award-winning author of academic papers and books, particularly in the domain of stress management. He has been the General Manager and Director of SKSE Securities Ltd., Rajkot, and Controller of Examination of Saurashtra University. He also sits on various boards and committees at national and international levels. %2 Punjab Agricultural University Pratibha Goyal is Professor and Director of the School of Business Studies at Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana, India. She received her MBA from Guru Nanak Dev University in, Amritsar, India, and her PhD from Punjabi University in Patiala, India. She began her career as a Deputy Manager of Human Resources in a leading industry. Her immense love for mentoring young minds saw a shift in her career when she joined the faculty of Management in Punajbi University, Patiala, and later in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. She has been the Principal Investigator of three major research projects of the University Grants Commission and has participated in several national seminars, conferences, and symposia. She is on the Board of Directors of Hero Cycles Limited. She has authored five internationally acclaimed books, besides being Executive Editor of the Effective Management journal. She has published several notable research papers in national and international journals and has guided many scholars in their research projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/985 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Crowdfunding: Finding the Optimal Platform for Funders and Entrepreneurs %A David Gedda %A Billy Nilsson %A Zebastian Såthén %A Klaus Solberg Søilen %K crowdfunding %K crowdfunding models %K crowdfunding platforms %K financing %K payout models %X As a steadily expanding source of venture capital, crowdfunding has become an alternative to traditional funding sources, such as banks and financial investors. The phenomenon of crowdfunding is represented by a growing number of Internet sites, here called crowdfunding platforms, devoted to the service. In this article, we investigate crowdfunding and their payout models, which are standard components on crowdfunding platforms. We consider the perspectives of both entrepreneurs and funders to determine the most attractive combination of models found on crowdfunding platforms. Our findings indicate that the most popular crowdfunding platforms, at the time of this study, reflect the preferences of entrepreneurs. The funders’ favoured crowdfunding model, which we call the equity model, is not currently found, in combination with the often-grouped, non-financial crowdfunding models of pre-order, sponsoring, or reward, on any of the top platforms. Thus, the research identifies a new market for crowdfunding platforms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 31-40 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/973 %N 3 %1 Halmstad University David Gedda is a Master's student with a specialization in Marketing at Halmstad University, Sweden,. His research interests include crowdfunding platforms for entrepreneurs and corporate management success factors in a business-to-business context. Alongside his studies, he works in sales. %2 Halmstad University Billy Nilsson is a Master's student with a specialization in Marketing at Halmstad University, Sweden, where he is currently writing his thesis on competitive intelligence on Web 2.0 platforms. He is also a touring musician in the band Strucky Likes, a partner in the record label VÅRØ, and a concert promoter at Tillsammans Sessions. %3 Halmstad University Zebastian Såthén is a Master's student with a specialization in Marketing at Halmstad University, Sweden, where he is also studying to become a real estate agent. He currently works as a real estate assistant in his hometown of Smögen. %4 Halmstad University Klaus Solberg Søilen is Professor of Management at Halmstad University, Sweden. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business (JISIB) and Senior Editor of the International Journal of Innovation Science (IJIS). He has published half a dozen books and more than thirty scientific articles on a wide area of management and marketing topics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/973 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Crowdsourcing Literature Reviews in New Domains %A Michael Weiss %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K crowdsourcing platform %K cybersecurity %K literature review %K narrative %K new domains %K systematic %X Conducting a literature review in new domains presents unique challenges. The literature in a new domain is typically broad, fragmented, and growing quickly. Because little is known about the new domain, the literature review cannot be guided by established classifications of knowledge, unlike in an existing domain. Rather, it will be driven by evidence that challenges and extends existing knowledge. In a way, exploring a new domain means looking for anomalies in the evidence that cannot be explained by what is already known. This article summarizes lessons from conducting two literature reviews in new domains in the area of cybersecurity. It then presents a design for using leader-driven crowdsourcing to collect evidence and synthesize it into insights in a new domain. The article will be relevant to those who are exploring a new domain, in particular students, researchers, and members of R&D projects in industry. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-14 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/963 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/963 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Cuckoo’s Nest Approach for Co-Creating Business Ecosystems in Smart Cities %A Karlos Artto %A Riikka Kyrö %A Tuomas Ahola %A Antti Peltokorpi %A Kristiina Sandqvist %K business ecosystem %K business network %K campus development %K co-creation %K co-design %K collective action %K Cuckoo’s Nest Approach %K participatory planning %K smart cities %K sustainability %X The development of business ecosystems in smart cities is currently hampered by the absence of established approaches for facilitating long-term value and sustainability. In our view, the underlying reason is the lack of collective action involving various organizations in the design process. Collective action for the good of the whole ecosystem does not take place in existing participatory practices because of the dominating role of a single customer or designer organization (in urban development projects typically the owner-developer or lead architect), who uses their bargaining and decision-making power over others. This leads to sub-optimal behaviour where the system is optimized for the goals of one strong organization instead of collectively developed system-level goals of the business ecosystem as a whole. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach addresses this problem by inviting various expert organizations to design the system and assigning each organization design rights for the ecosystem and its system-level goal. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach enhances collective action among the organizations by making individuals from various organizations consider the interests, goals, objectives, and value-adding elements of other organizations – not just those of their own organizations. With the Cuckoo’s Nest approach, the business ecosystem comes first, and single organizations’ goals or specific design features come second. This article discusses the outcomes of two workshops where the Cuckoo’s Nest approach was used for the purpose of developing business ecosystems in connection with smart city development projects within the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We outline the steps involved in the Cuckoo’s Nest approach and how they were applied in these two smart city projects, and we describe how it is being refined for further use in other locations and contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 26-37 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1039 %N 12 %1 Aalto University Karlos Artto is a Professor and Lead of Project Business at Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Artto’s long experience working in industry and the multiple research projects he conducted with global firms and domestic organizations provide a strong empirical basis for his academic achievements. His publications include more than 50 articles in refereed journals and more than 200 academic papers, book chapters, and books on project business and the management of project-based firms. He belongs to editorial boards of several project management journals. Dr. Artto has supervised 12 doctoral dissertations and more than 180 master’s theses. %2 Aalto University Riikka Kyrö is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Aalto University School of Science, Finland. Dr. Kyrö earned an M Sc in Real Estate Economics in 2005 from the Helsinki University of Technology and a DrSc (Tech) in Real Estate Business in 2013 from the Aalto University School of Engineering. Outside academia, she has six years of industry experience working with environmental consulting and sustainability in corporate real estate management. Dr. Kyrö has published nearly 30 academic articles in the field of the built environment. %3 Tampere University of Technology Tuomas Ahola is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, as well as an Adjunct Professor of Project Management at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Dr. Ahola specializes in inter-organizational networks in the context of project business. He has published more than 15 peer-reviewed journal articles. Dr. Ahola lectures on various content areas of project business for both academic and industry audiences. %4 Aalto University Antti Peltokorpi is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management in Construction at Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland. Dr. Peltokorpi holds a DrSc (Tech) in Operations Management from the Aalto University School of Science. His research includes studies on service innovations, service production strategies, and production planning and control. Dr. Peltokorpi's research interests include value creation in business networks and supply chains, especially in the built environment, the construction industry, and healthcare. %# Aalto University Kristiina Sandqvist is a MA student in Collaborative and Industrial Design at Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in Finland. Ms. Sandqvist has industry experience as a service designer and is interested in the development and application of co-creation methods as well as the emerging roles of designers as facilitators. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1039 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven Intellectual Property Management %A Daniel Eckelt %A Christian Dülme %A Jürgen Gausemeier %A Simon Hemel %K business model %K competitive advantage %K competitive arena %K Innovation management %K intellectual capital %K intellectual property %K value proposition %X Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis – rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company’s IP portfolio. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 34-47 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1003 %N 7 %1 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Daniel Eckelt (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are Industrie 4.0, strategic IP management, and innovation management in multi-stakeholder organizations. In this field, he is working in numerous research and industry projects as wells as in political and social consulting. %2 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Christian Dülme (MSc) is a Research Associate in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. He works in a team focused on strategic planning and innovation management within the working of group strategic product planning and systems engineering. His research topics are future scenarios for Industrie 4.0, potential identification, and product strategy, particularly the reconfiguration of product portfolios. In these fields, he is working in numerous research and industry projects. %3 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Jürgen Gausemeier is a Senior Professor in the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and was a member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is the initiator and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of acatech, the German Academy of Science and Engineering and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %4 Simon Hemel (MSc) works in the field of technical controlling for one of the world's leading manufacturers of slewing bearings. After an apprenticeship as a Management Assistant in IT systems at a German telecommunications company, Simon studied industrial engineering with focus on innovation and development management and controlling at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His master's thesis in the field of Intellectual Property Management was carried out in cooperation with the working group of strategic product planning and systems engineering at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and a German medical-technology company, which is a world market leader in the field of exo-prosthetics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Developing a Startup and Innovation Ecosystem in Regional Australia %A Troy Haines %K Australia %K Cairns %K ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K incubation %K innovation %K mentorship %K regional %K startups %K theSPACE %X Technology is enabling change at an ever increasing pace, not only in urban contexts, but also in regional centres, where the Internet in particular is enabling entrepreneurs to compete in the global marketplace despite the size and remoteness of their home cities or towns. In regional Australia, the challenges of high unemployment, fading traditional industries, a lack of economic diversity, and a "brain drain" of talent to urban centres highlight the need for novel economic development strategies. Innovation and entrepreneurship are highlighted as potential solutions, but both require knowledge and support to be successful. In this article, the author shares lessons learned as an entrepreneur and through the ongoing development of a self-sustaining startup and innovation ecosystem in the remote region of Cairns, Australia. The model described in this article is now being applied to other regions in Australia, where trained champions are driving the development of startup and innovation ecosystems adapted to regional needs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 24-32 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/994 %N 6 %1 theSPACE Australasia Troy Haines is Co-Founder and CEO of theSPACE Australasia in Cairns, Australia. He is also a Startup and Innovation Coach who has worked with hundreds of entrepreneurs across Australia to help them commercialize their ideas. Amongst many awards, he was named Innovation Champion in 2014 by the Minister of Innovation and Premier of Queensland. He was also inducted into the Queensland Government Innovation Wall of Fame for his work in building the North Queensland startup and innovation ecosystem. Troy and the team at theSPACE have developed startup and innovation programs, which they deliver across a wide audience, from high school students and SMEs to government (and everyone in between). He holds a Bachelor's degree in Business (Marketing) from Australia's Charles Sturt University and is currently working towards a Master's degree in Applied Innovation and Entrepreneurship from the University of Adelaide. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/994 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Developing Tacit Knowledge of Complex Systems: The Value of Early Empirical Inquiry in Healthcare Design %A Chantal Trudel %A Sue Cobb %A Kathryn Momtahan %A Janet Brintnell %A Ann Mitchell %K design research %K ergonomics %K healthcare design %K human factors %K infection prevention and control %K knowledge mobilization %K neonatal intensive care unit %X Infection prevention and control has been the subject of much study in medical and epidemiological research and a variety of best practice guidelines have been developed to support healthcare workers and related stakeholders. Yet, despite the availability of information, managing healthcare-associated infections remains a challenge because the relevant explicit knowledge is not being adequately developed and mobilized as tacit knowledge for use "on the front lines". Some researchers have called for a human factors perspective to help address challenges in designing for infection prevention and control, but relatively few studies have been conducted to date. Researchers also suggest that empirical inquiry is needed to better inform the design process, and particularly the design of complex systems where attention to detailed processes and interactions can support the success of an intervention. A human factors approach can help designers develop a deeper understanding of work processes, technology considerations, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, and organizational factors. The need is particularly pressing in low-resource healthcare environments where funds, time, and human resources may be scarce and strategic design decisions based on evidence are needed to support meaningful and effective changes. With this in mind, a human factors study was conducted in an existing neonatal intensive care unit to identify the influence of product and environment design on infection prevention and control and to inform recommendations for improvement. In this case study, we illustrate how the application of an empirical, methodical approach can help design professionals and stakeholders develop tacit knowledge of complex systems – knowledge that can be used to better inform design priorities, the design process, decision making, and the allocation of resources to help maximize improvements. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 28-38 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1017 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Chantal Trudel is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s School of Industrial Design in Ottawa, Canada. Chantal draws on her background in industrial design (B.I.D, Carleton University), human factors and ergonomics (MSc, University of Nottingham) and 10 years professional experience in commercial and healthcare design to support her research. Chantal is interested in human-centred and participatory design methods to improve our understanding and design of peoples’ experiences within complex systems. %2 University of Nottingham Sue Cobb is Associate Professor and Head of the Human Factors Research Group in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom. Sue has been working in this group for 30 years. Over this period she has worked on many projects involving analysis of user requirements and user feedback or opinion on a variety of issues in contexts including industrial workplaces, educational settings, and community environments. Her specialist interest is in multi-disciplinary research and the use of user-centred and participatory design methods in a variety of contexts including special education and healthcare. %3 Kathryn Momtahan has 10 years of critical care nursing experience and a PhD in Experimental Psychology, focusing on healthcare human factors. Dr. Momtahan's human factors professional experience includes several years working in the hi-tech sector and fourteen years in a research-lead capacity in a hospital environment. She has published in human factors, healthcare, and engineering journals and holds several adjunct professor appointments in various faculties and programs including engineering, psychology, nursing, business, and human–computer interaction. %4 The Ottawa Hospital Ann Mitchell is the Director of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care at The Ottawa Hospital. Ann has 28 years of experience in NICU and maternal newborn care in a variety of clinical, regional, and administrative roles. Her current focus is on staff and patient safety, engaging families, and improving the patient experience. %# The Ottawa Hospital Janet Brintnell is the Corporate Clinical Manager of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Special Care Nursery at The Ottawa Hospital. Her nursing career spans 32 years of which 26 have been focused in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Her experience ranges from a clinical bedside capacity to her current role with an administrative focus while constantly maintaining a critical focus on the delivery of family-centered care and best practices. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1017 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Digital Maturity Model for Telecommunications Service Providers %A Omar Valdez-de-Leon %K business %K business transformation %K digital %K digital transformation %K digitization %K disruptive technologies %K innovation %K maturity model %K telecommunications %X Industries across the spectrum are being faced with a fundamental change: digital transformation. The telecommunications industry is no exception. For communications service providers, this transformation started some time ago with the emergence of so-called over-the-top (OTT) services such as WhatsApp and Skype. However, in spite of such transformation being underway, there is a lack of frameworks and tools to help communications service providers navigate such radical change. This article presents the findings of a research project to develop such a framework: the digital maturity model for telecommunications service providers. The model aims to offer a structured view of digital transformation that is specific to the context and challenges of the telecommunications industry and that can be used as a standard to help communications service providers benchmark themselves against peers or themselves as they advance their transformation. This article describes the need for the model and the methodology used to develop it, and it offers recommendations on how to use the model and further develop it as our understanding of digital transformation evolves. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 19-32 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1008 %N 8 %1 Ericsson Omar Valdez-de-Leon is a Senior Consultant within the Global Consulting and Systems Integration practice at Ericsson. He is a practitioner in the area of innovation and digitization of products and services and, over the years, he has worked across the IT and telecommunications industry in companies such as Bosch, Logica-CGI, Elster, Vodafone, and Ericsson, with a focus on new business initiatives grounded in emerging technologies. He holds an MSc in Technology & Innovation Management from SPRU in the University of Sussex, UK, and an MBA from Manchester Business School. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1008 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (February 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A Dan Craigen %K cybersecurity %K intrusion %K licensing %K literature reviews %K machine learning %K malware %K multisided platforms %K new domains %K open source %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/962 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada and a Visiting Scholar in the Technology Innovation Management Program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/962 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Entrepreneurial India (May 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A Dharmesh Raval %K Brand India %K entrepreneurship %K higher education institutions %K India %K intellectual property %K Make in India %K Open innovation %K research %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/984 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 RK University Dharmesh Raval is Dean of the Faculty of Management and Professor and Director of the School of Management at RK University in Rajkot, India. His teaching and research interests include entrepreneurship, financial performance measurement and analysis, and related areas. He has presented research papers at several national and international conferences and has authored articles in reputed journals. He received his PhD from Saurashtra University in Rajkot. His academic experience includes over 15 years of teaching, research, academic-administration, and industry–academia interface experience in the areas of business management and commerce. He has been on the boards of Rajkot Commodity Exchange (Government of India) in Rajkot and Rajkot Management Association (AIMA) in past. His interests include designing new academic courses and engaging in business-support activities for startups. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/984 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Australia (June 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K Australia %K design-led innovation %K ecosystem %K entrepreneurship %K hidden innovation %K high-growth startups %K innovation %K innovation catalyst %K ISPIM %K job creation %K National Innovation and Science Agenda %K policy %K regional innovation management %K regions %K strategic management %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/991 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/991 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Innovation in Tourism (November 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A David Guimont %A Dominic Lapointe %K action research %K boundary objects %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K innovation %K living labs %K smart cities %K smart destinations %K technology %K tourism %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-5 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1029 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio) David Guimont is a Teacher-Researcher at the Cégep de Rivière-du-Loup in Quebec, Canada, where he is associated with the Recreation and Leadership Training Department and the Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio). He holds a master’s degree in Tourism Management and Development from the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). %3 Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Dominic Lapointe is a Professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Tourism at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) in Canada, where he is the Director of the Tourism and Hospitality Management Undergraduate program. His research addresses development and environmental issues with the use of critical theory, especially in the fields of tourism, conservation, and the environment. He holds a doctoral degree in Regional Development from the Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1029 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (August 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K audience commodification %K business models %K co-creation %K corporate entrepreneurship %K digital maturity model %K digitization %K front end of innovation %K idea selection %K user stories %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1006 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1006 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (July 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K business model innovation %K circular economy %K cooperation %K industry %K Innovation management %K intellectual property %K Open innovation %K research infrastructure %K value network design %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/999 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/999 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (March 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K bootlegging %K crowdfunding %K emerging markets %K frugal innovation %K patterns %K quintuple helix %K underground innovation %K urban living lab %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/969 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/969 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (October 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K boundary objects %K ecosystems %K entrepreneurial university %K entrepreneurship %K growth ambitions %K innovation %K knowledge integration %K startups %K strategy %K tacit knowledge %K teaching %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1022 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1022 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Knowledge Mobilization (September 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K design %K healthcare %K knowledge mobilization %K knowledge translation %K planning %K research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-3 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1013 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1013 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Living Labs and User Innovation (January 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Mika Westerlund %A Eelko Huizingh %K closed innovation %K field trials %K impact assessment %K living labs %K Open innovation %K user engagement %K user innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-6 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/955 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %3 iMinds and Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# University of Groningen Eelko Huizingh is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen in the Netherlands. His academic research focuses on the intersection of innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing, and information technology. He has authored over 300 articles, has edited more than 20 special issues of journals, and has published several textbooks. His consulting activities include support of companies in their strategy and innovation efforts. He is also the Director of Scientific Affairs for the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and the Director of Huizingh Academic Development, through which he has run more than 50 workshops around the world to help both junior and senior academics to publish for career advancement and to attract funding through improved written communication. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/955 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Managing Innovation (April 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K creativity %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneurship %K frugal innovation %K innovation %K managing innovation %K national culture %K Open innovation %K projects %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/976 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/976 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Smart Cities and Regions (December 2016) %A Chris McPhee %A Taina Tukiainen %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K collaborative innovation %K ecosystems %K living labs %K online platforms %K Open innovation %K regional innovation %K smart cities %K smart regions %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-5 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1037 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is a Senior Researcher at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland, and she is a Cabinet Member of the President of the EU Committee of the Regions (CoR). She has worked for over 20 years within industry and universities and for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation as a senior manager, and she has worked on various projects with international university and industry collaboration. She was, until 2014, Director of Digibusiness Finland. Her research interest is strategic research including innovation, technology management, and entrepreneurship. Taina's doctoral dissertation was The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and the title of her latest book was The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014). %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1037 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Employment Dynamics of Australian Entrepreneurship: A Management Perspective %A Luke Hendrickson %A Stan Bucifal %A Antonio Balaguer %A David Hansell %K Australia %K creative destruction %K employment %K entrepreneurship %K high growth %K innovation %K management %K productivity %K startup %X This article attempts to draw together the literature on high-growth firms and management capability using Australian Government data from the Expanded Analytical Business Longitudinal Database. We tracked cohorts of new micro-sized firms (startups) over five years from birth. Compared with startups that had a low employment growth trajectory, medium- and high-growth micro-startups exhibited higher financial performance, higher innovation activity, and a greater propensity to seek external (debt or equity) finance. From a management perspective, medium- and high-growth startups were also significantly more likely to monitor and assess their performance across a wider range of performance indicators. High-growth micro-startups exhibited significantly higher operational process and organizational/managerial innovation, a higher likelihood of foreign ownership, and a greater demand for equity finance than medium-growth micro-startups. This data is consistent with other evidence that suggests that sustained high growth comes from superior strategic management and may suggest an ongoing role for government policy in building firm management capability in order to foster employment growth. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 33-40 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/995 %N 6 %1 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (Australia) Luke Hendrickson is Manager of Innovation Research in the Australian Government's Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, where he is focused on innovation and measuring the performance of the national innovation system. He is principally responsible for delivering the Government’s annual Australian Innovation System Report, which is now in its seventh year. Luke’s general work interests are in the areas of productivity and competitiveness and how innovative entrepreneurship drives these outcomes across all sectors of the economy. He also has a particular interest in the economics of complexity, measuring management capability, and business eco-innovation. Luke holds a PhD from the Australian National University in Canberra. %2 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (Australia) Stan Bucifal is a Researcher in the Australian Government's Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, where he works as a member of the Innovation Research team. His main research interests are in the field of industry policy, productivity, and innovation. He has experience in industry policy development, cost-benefit analysis applied to carbon emission abatement, and conducting research into intangible capital and the geography of innovation. Stan holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business from the Queensland University of Technology, where he majored in Economics and Finance (QUT), and a Master’s degree in Public Policy, specializing in industry strategy, from the Australian National University in Canberra. %3 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (Australia) Antonio Balaguer is a Researcher in the Australian Government's Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, where he works as a member of the Innovation Research team. His main research interests are in the fields of innovation, management, and technological change. Antonio was initially trained as chemist and holds a PhD in Political Economy and Asian Studies from Murdoch University in Perth, Australia, and a postgraduate diploma in Public Policy from the Australian National University in Canberra. %4 Australian Bureau of Statistics David Hansell is a Researcher with the Australian Bureau of Statistics, where he has worked since 2008. His main research interests include productivity of exiting and entering firms, and characteristics associated with high-productivity firms. David has an Honours degree in Asian history from the Australian National University in Canberra and a Masters of Economics degree from Macquarie University in Sydney. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/995 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Empowering Local Tourism Providers to Innovate through a Living Lab Process: Does Scale Matter? %A David Guimont %A Dominic Lapointe %K action research %K destination management %K innovation %K level %K living labs %K scale %K socio-territorial action %K territoriality %K tourism %X A destination management organization looking to integrate technology into its tourism offering tasked a living lab with engaging tourists and tourism providers in the process. At the end of the two-year initial funding period for an action research project, the process is a success and stakeholders are engaged in the innovation ecosystem. But what is next? By observing participants and gathering feedback from stakeholders through a Policy Delphi panel, the outcomes of the project and the intentions and actions of the tourism providers and other parties were identified. Innovation capacity has increased: spin-offs were created and stakeholders have embraced open and collaborative innovation. Now, stakeholders are determined to make the process sustainable by finding other funding sources. But what should be the level of cooperation and intervention? What level can best foster innovation and knowledge retention? A case study combining a grid of characteristics and levels of analysis for living labs was used to identify one key question: for a living lab in tourism, does scale matter? This article will explore that question and will contribute to the understanding of the living lab as a model of socio-territorial action. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 18-25 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1031 %N 11 %1 Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio) David Guimont is a Teacher-Researcher at the Cégep de Rivière-du-Loup in Quebec, Canada, where he is associated with the Recreation and Leadership Training Department and the Living Lab in Open Innovation (LLio). He holds a master’s degree in Tourism Management and Development from the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). %2 Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Dominic Lapointe is a Professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Tourism at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) in Canada, where he is the Director of the Tourism and Hospitality Management Undergraduate program. His research addresses development and environmental issues with the use of critical theory, especially in the fields of tourism, conservation, and the environment. He holds a doctoral degree in Regional Development from the Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1031 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Enhancing Early Innovation in an Urban Living Lab: Lessons from Espoo, Finland %A Soile Juujärvi %A Virpi Lund %K Change Laboratory; innovation management %K innovation process; preject; urban living labs %X Urban areas are often characterized by complex problems, such as social and economic deprivation, segregation, or bureaucratic administration. Urban living laboratories provide a promising approach to redefining and tackling such problems in novel ways by enabling bottom-up innovation with various actors. The present study examined an urban living lab initiative in a suburban area of Espoo, Finland, where guided workshops based on the Change Laboratory method were arranged. The findings show that, before development projects are launched, it is important to dedicate sufficient time to the early innovation process, which includes building relationships, sharing knowledge, exploring ignorance, and innovating new concepts. The study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing early innovation processes from later ones, which means separating the "preject" from the "project". We conclude that successful management of an urban living lab combines bottom-up and top-down approaches. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 17-26 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/957 %N 1 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Soile Juujärvi is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and an Adjunct Professor in Social Psychology at the University of Helsinki in Finland. She holds a Doctor of Social Science degree from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include moral and ethics education, and innovation processes in living labs. She worked as a principal researcher in the project Caring and Sharing Networks (2013–2015), which aims to enhance citizen participation and stakeholder collaboration in the city of Espoo, southern Finland. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Virpi Lund is a Senior Lecturer in Social Services at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland. Her research interest is residents’ agency and learning through participation in urban development. She worked as a researcher in the project Caring and Sharing Networks funded by Developmental Programme for Residential Areas and the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. She holds a Master of Education degree from the University of Helsinki in Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/957 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Entrepreneurial Growth Ambitions: The Case of Finnish Technology Startups %A Arto Wallin %A Kaisa Still %A Katja Henttonen %K entrepreneurial innovation %K growth ambitions %K startups %X Technology startups are expected to be a major driving force of economic growth in Europe. The search for new high-growth startups has been particularly topical in Finland, the country that is known for its high-tech products – and the fall of Nokia’s mobile phone business. Although a record number of startups has been established in recent years, the previously identified challenge is that only a small percentage of entrepreneurial businesses are responsible for the lion’s share of economic benefits typically associated with entrepreneurial activity. Hence, we need better understanding of what level of growth technology entrepreneurs aim to create and why there may be differences in growth ambitions among them. In this study, we undertook interpretivist case study research in pursuit of rich, empirically grounded understanding of entrepreneurial growth ambitions in the context of Finnish technology startups. We interviewed entrepreneurs at a Finnish startup event and supplemented this information with data available publicly on the Internet related to the growth ambitions of startups. Our study sought to increase understanding of the different aspects of entrepreneurial growth ambitions, and to explore the relationship between context and growth. Based on the findings, we suggest that growth ambitions should be seen as a complex, socially constructed concept. The growth ambitions of entrepreneurs in our study were influenced, at least in part, by their startups' institutional and market contexts, the scalability of their business models, their personal characteristics and experience, and their perceptions of the barriers and constraints of the field. We conclude that startups have very different growth pathways: although the growth of one startup may depend on the talent of a few software developers, the growth of another startup may be based on its success in building international sales networks. As a result, to get most out of the support provided for a startup ecosystem, support activities should be tailored to different types of high-growth startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-16 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1023 %N 10 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Arto Wallin is a Senior Scientist and Project Manager at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. For last four years, his work has focused on business consulting, and he has helped numerous e-health startups and SMEs in the commercialization of their innovations. His recent scientific interest has been on the startup innovation process, service innovation and management, and institutional change, particularly in the field of healthcare. %2 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Kaisa Still is a Senior Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) and Visiting Scholar at mediaX at Stanford University. Supporting collaboration and innovation with technology continues to be at the core of her career. Her current work concentrates on platforms and innovation ecosystems, accelerating innovation activities, and digital opportunities. Combined with the policy perspective, her work extends to private and public organizations, in regional and global contexts. %3 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katja Henttonen is a specialist at the VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in a team studying digital transformations in organizations and society. She holds an MSc degree in ICT and socio-economic development from the University of Manchester and is working towards a PhD at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Since joining VTT in 2006, she has worked in several research projects on technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Prior to that, she worked for almost ten years in the software business, both in professional and consulting roles. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1023 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Evolution of Intermediary Activities: Broadening the Concept of Facilitation in Living Labs %A Louna Hakkarainen %A Sampsa Hyysalo %K co-design %K elderly care %K facilitation %K health technology %K innovation intermediaries %K Living lab %X Innovation intermediaries play an important role in open innovation endeavours. In living lab projects, where different professional identities and organizational cultures are at play, intermediary actors facilitate learning between stakeholders and manage tensions and conflicts of interest. The current living lab literature recognizes the importance and multifacetedness of these actors, but does not shed light on the work they do at a more practical level. Our study seeks to capture the variety and evolution of work tasks of user-side innovation intermediaries during and after a four-year technology project in a living lab. The study explores how these mediating actors tackle the everyday challenges of a living lab project. This article is grounded on a longitudinal qualitative case study of a innovation process for a floor monitoring system for elderly care – the "smart floor". %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 45-58 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/960 %N 1 %1 Aalto University Louna Hakkarainen, Lic.Soc.Sc., is a doctoral candidate in the School of Art, Design and Architecture of Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. She holds a licentiate degree from the University of Helsinki’s Faculty of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social shaping of technology, living lab collaboration, and facilitation. %2 Aalto University Sampsa Hyysalo is an Associate Professor in Co-Design at the Aalto University School of Art, Design and Architecture and a Senior Researcher at the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Sampsa’s research and teaching focus on user involvement in innovation and the co-evolution of technologies, practices and organizations. He received his PhD in Behavioral Sciences from the University of Helsinki and holds a Docentship in Information Systems, specialising in user-centred design. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/960 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Examining the Modes Malware Suppliers Use to Provide Goods and Services %A Tony Bailetti %A Mahmoud Gad %K agents %K customers %K cybercrime %K cybersecurity %K malware %K modes %K multisided platform %K suppliers %X Malware suppliers use various modes to provide goods and services to customers. By mode, we mean “the way” the malware supplier chooses to function. These modes increase monetization opportunities and enable many security breaches worldwide. A theoretically sound framework that can be used to examine the various modes that malware suppliers use to produce and sell malware is needed. We apply a general model specified recently by Hagiu and Wright to study five modes that malware suppliers use to deliver goods and services to their customers. The framework presented in this article can be used to predict the mode in which a malware supplier will function; to study which types of malware suppliers, agents, and customers are attracted to each mode; to discover new modes; and to better understand the threat a malware supplier presents. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 21-27 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/965 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation Mahmoud M. Gad is a Research Associate at VENUS Cybersecurity. He holds a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Ottawa in Canada and an MSc in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Maryland in College Park, United States. His research interests include cybercrime markets, machine learning for intrusion detection, analysis of large-scale networks, and cognitive radio networks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/965 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Factors Affecting the Attrition of Test Users During Living Lab Field Trials %A Annabel Georges %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Koen Vervoort %K attrition %K drop-out %K field trial %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user engagement %K user involvement %X Next to active user involvement and a multi-method approach, a third major principle within living lab research consists of capturing the real-life context in which an innovation is used by end users. Field trials are a method to study the interaction of test users with an innovation in the context of use. However, when conducting field trials, there are several reasons why users stop participating in research activities, a phenomenon labelled as attrition. In this article, we elaborate on drop-outs during field trials by analyzing three post-trial surveys of living lab field trials. Our results show that several factors related to the innovation, as well as related to the field trial setup, play a role in attrition, including the lack of added value of the innovation and the extent to which the innovation satisfies the needs and time restrictions of test users. Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for managers to reduce attrition during field trials. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 35-44 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/959 %N 1 %1 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Annabel Georges is a Junior Researcher in the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium. She holds a Master's degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University, with a specialization in New Media and Society. In her master's thesis, Social Media from A to Z: The Role of Media Coaches in the Diffusion of Social Media Literacy within the Library as an Organization, she used social network analysis to study the diffusion of social media literacy with library staff. At iMinds, her main interests are social innovation and the factors that motivate test users to participate in field trials. %2 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Koen Vervoort manages and coordinates panels within living lab settings within one of the first living lab organizations in Europe: iMinds Living Labs in Belgium. He also represents iMinds within large Flemish and European living lab projects, hosts workshops, benchmarks internal processes within the entire living lab community (and beyond), oversees an internal quality survey, and organizes fieldwork for iMinds' flagship, Digimeter, a report that tracks the ownership and use of media (technology) among the Flemish population. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/959 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Framework for Sustainable Circular Business Model Innovation %A Maria Antikainen %A Katri Valkokari %K business canvas %K business model %K case study %K circular economy %K innovation %K sustainability %X The circular economy concept is a novel economic model aiming to foster sustainable economic growth, boost global competitiveness, and generate new jobs. In order to make the circular economy mainstream, radical and systemic innovation is needed. Currently, a majority of the business modelling tools and methods lack at least some of the identified and needed elements for innovating business models in a circular economy. In this article, we build a framework for sustainable circular business model innovation by adding important perspectives: recognizing trends and drivers at the ecosystem level; understanding value to partners and stakeholders within a business; and evaluating the impact of sustainability and circularity. We present the results of a case study with a startup company, which was designed to test the framework and provide a concrete example of its usage and future development needs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-12 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1000 %N 7 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Maria Antikainen is a Senior Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. She is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at Tampere University of Technology, where she specializes in innovation in business networks. Maria’s main research areas are the circular economy and sustainable business models and new business opportunities enabled by the Internet of Things. During her 14 years of experience in research, Maria has been initiating, conducting, and managing numerous research and development projects with research partners, companies, and public funding organizations such as Tekes and the European Union. Maria holds a PhD in Technology Management from the Tampere University of Technology (2011) and a PhD in Marketing from the University of Tampere (2007). %2 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari is a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business, Innovation and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, innovation management, and sustainability. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1000 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Governing Quintuple Helix Innovation: Urban Living Labs and Socio-Ecological Entrepreneurship %A Bastiaan Baccarne %A Sara Logghe %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Lieven De Marez %K distributed innovation %K quintuple helix innovation %K social ecology %K socio-ecological entrepreneurship %K urban living labs %X Growing urbanization puts pressure on both social and ecological systems. This pressure raises complex and multi-facetted challenges that can only be tackled by collaborative and distributed innovation development processes. However, theoretical frameworks that assess such collaborations are often very conceptual, with little focus on the actual governance mechanisms that facilitate them. This article studies the urban living lab concept as an inter-organizational design and multi-stakeholder innovation development process to govern the quintuple helix model for innovation by means of an action research based multidimensional case study design, which focuses on the concepts of innovation democracy, mode 3 knowledge production, the innovation ecosystem as a system of societal subsystems, and socio-ecological transition. In this way, we provide a more profound understanding of such innovation processes to tackle socio-ecological challenges by means of public–private interactions driven by eco-entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 22-30 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/972 %N 3 %1 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Bastiaan Baccarne is a Research and Teaching Assistant at iMinds-MICT, a research group within the communications department of Ghent University, where he works on the topic of user-centric innovation development in the context of (new) media and ICT. Bastiaan is also a PhD student working on citizen empowerment through the co-development of socio-technical innovations in an urban environment. Being part of iMinds Living Labs, Bastiaan works as a user researcher for several SME and startup projects, with an overall academic focus on the possibilities and limitations of user-centric innovation development ecosystems. %2 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Sara Logghe obtained a master’s degree in both History and Communication Sciences with specialization in New Media and Society at Ghent University. Her second master's thesis was Cultural Communication on the Internet: A Study on the Potential of Social Media for Cultural Institutions. A three-month internship at iMinds Living Labs encouraged her interest in research on living labs, and in May 2013, Sara joint iMinds-MICT as a Junior Researcher. Working on cultural projects within living lab research, Sara developed a specific interest in the changing library scene. %3 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %4 iMinds – MICT – Ghent University Lieven De Marez is Research Director of the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and teaches on the topics of innovation research, media, market and ICT, and new communication technologies in the Department of Communication Sciences at Ghent University in Belgium. MICT is one of 16 research groups within iMinds, and Lieven is also part of the management team of iMinds Living Labs’ facilitating infrastructure for living lab research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/972 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Impact of Living Lab Methodology on Open Innovation Contributions and Outcomes %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Lieven De Marez %A Pieter Ballon %K collaboration %K distributed innovation %K entrepreneur %K Innovation management %K living labs %K Open innovation %K SME %K startup %K user innovation %K user involvement %X Open innovation scholars as well as practitioners are still struggling with the practical implementation of open innovation principles in different contexts. In this article, we explore the value of a living lab approach for open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using a case study approach, we compared 27 SME projects conducted by iMinds Living Labs from 2011 to 2015. The results suggest that a real-life intervention and a multi-method approach – both of which are methodological characteristics of living lab projects – increase the chance of generating actionable user contributions for the innovation under development. Moreover, the results also suggest that a living lab project yields maximal value when evolving from concept towards prototype. Besides these exploratory findings, this article also demonstrates that living lab projects are a perfect "playground" to test and validate assumptions from the open innovation literature. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 7-16 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/956 %N 1 %1 iMinds and Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in Belgium in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %2 iMinds and Ghent University Lieven De Marez is Head of the research group for Media & ICT (MICT) and Manager of iMinds Living Labs media activities at Ghent University in Belgium. He has obtained a Master in Communication Sciences (1999) and Marketing (2000) and wrote a PhD titled Diffusion of ICT Innovations: More Accurate User Insight for Better Introduction Strategies. His main expertise is in the development of "segmentation forecast" tools for prior-to-launch adoption potential forecasts for new media and ICT innovations. He continuously seeks to explore new methodologies and understand emerging media use patterns and the impact of new media and ICT and making media innovation more user-centric. At the department of Communication Studies, he founded and coordinates the Master's program on New Media & Society. %3 European Network of Living Labs Pieter Ballon is the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL). He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was Senior Consultant and Team Leader at TNO. From 2006 to 2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI) that united five integrated projects in the EU 6th Framework Programme. He holds a PhD in Communication Sciences and an MA in Modern History. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/956 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Implementing Knowledge Translation Strategies in Funded Research in Canada and Australia: A Case Study %A Gabriel Moore %A Therese Fitzpatrick %A Ivy Lim-Carter %A Abby Haynes %A Anna Flego %A Barbara Snelgrove %K funded research %K implementation %K knowledge mobilization %K knowledge translation %K organizational learning %X There is an emerging literature describing the use of knowledge translation strategies to increase the relevance and usability of research, yet there are few real-world examples of how this works in practice. This case study reports on the steps taken to embed knowledge translation strategies in the Movember Foundation's Men’s Mental Health Grant Rounds in 2013–14, which were implemented in Australia and Canada, and on the support provided to the applicants in developing their knowledge translation plans. It identifies the challenges faced by the Men’s Mental Health Program Team and how these were resolved. The strategies explored include articulating knowledge translation requirements, ensuring a common understanding of knowledge translation, assessing knowledge translation plans, methods of engaging end users, and building capacity with applicants. An iterative approach to facilitating knowledge translation planning within project development was rolled out in Australia just prior to Canada so that lessons learned were immediately available to refine the second roll out. Implementation included the use of external knowledge translation expertise, the development of knowledge translation plans, and the need for internal infrastructure to support monitoring and reporting. Differences in the Australian and Canadian contexts may point to differential exposure to the concepts and practices of knowledge translation. This case study details an example of designing and implementing an integrated knowledge translation strategy that moves beyond traditional dissemination models. Lessons learned point to the importance of a long lead-up time, the use of knowledge translation expertise for capacity building, the need for flexible implementation, and the need for efficiencies in supporting applicants. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 16-27 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1016 %N 9 %1 Sax Institute Gabriel Moore is the Principal Policy Analyst, Knowledge Exchange at the Sax Institute where she has worked in knowledge translation and exchange with health policy and practice agencies for over 10 years. Her responsibilities include oversight of the Evidence Check rapid review program, knowledge brokering, and service development, and she was the lead author of the Movember Foundation Knowledge Translation Strategy. Gabriel previously worked for ten years in the health sector and is currently completing a PhD in knowledge translation. %2 Movember Foundation Therese Fitzpatrick is the Global Mental Health Director at the Movember Foundation. In this role, she has responsibility for the development and implementation of the Foundation’s Mental Health Strategy and investments made in this area. Therese has over 20 years’ experience in health, spanning clinical work, program development and implementation, advocacy, and evaluation at local, national, and international levels. She has postgraduate qualifications in public health and business management, and undergraduate qualifications in Occupational Therapy (BAOT Hons). %3 Movember Foundation Ivy Lim-Carter is the Canadian Men’s Health Program Manager for the Movember Foundation. She has over 20 years of experience in Research Grants Management within the health charity sector, predominantly in neurodegenerative diseases. Most recently, Ivy has worked as the Director of Research and Clinical Programs for Parkinson Society Canada. Ivy is a contributing author on Canadian clinical practice guidelines and trained in the application of techniques for moving evidence-informed research and knowledge in mental health into practice. %4 CIPHER Abby Haynes is the Senior Research Officer for the Centre for Informing Policy in Health with Evidence from Research (CIPHER), which is investigating what tools, skills, and systems might contribute to an increased use of research in policy and program development. She has worked in the health and community sector for over 20 years, first as a social worker and then as a researcher on state and federal government projects, and at the University of Sydney. %# Movember Foundation Anna Flego is the Project Manager of the Movember Foundation’s Global Men’s Health Survey. Anna has over 18 years of experience working in healthcare and health research providing her with invaluable knowledge about promoting healthy lifestyles both at the individual and population health levels. Prior to working for the Foundation, Anna worked as a Research Fellow at Deakin University, Australia in Health Economics/Program Evaluation predominantly in obesity prevention. She has published in the peer reviewed literature and been a reviewer for a number of public health and health economics journals. Anna also has a clinical background in physiotherapy. %$ Movember Foundation Barbara Snelgrove provides program support to the Canadian Men’s Health Program with the Movember Foundation, and is the project coordinator for the Community of Practice implementation. With over 20 years’ experience in the health charity sector, Barbara has developed national education programs for a variety of audiences, including patient-centred resources, and online accredited courses for health care providers. Barbara has been the project manager on the publication of Canadian clinical practice guidelines, as well as a contributing author. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1016 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Innovation Rhetoric and Reality: An Introduction to the TIM Review's Special Issue on Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Australia %A Rowena Barrett %K Australia %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K National Innovation and Science Agenda %X In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review's special issue on Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Australia, Guest Editor Rowena Barrett reflects on the perceptions of "innovation", both in terms of its evolving concepts and terminology (the rhetoric) and its frontline application (the reality). Prompted by the recent launch and ongoing implementation of Australia Government's National Innovation and Science Agenda's, this special issue focuses on insights into innovation and entrepreneurship from the Australian context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-10 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/992 %N 6 %1 Queensland University of Technology Rowena Barrett is Head of the School of Management at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. She has played leading roles in organizing, managing, and administering research in universities in Australia and the United Kingdom. Rowena holds a PhD from the University of Melbourne, Australia, on industrial relations in smaller firms, and she has spent many years investigating the ways people in smaller firms are managed and how those firms are organized. She has a sizeable portfolio of research publications including books, book chapters, journal articles, as well practitioner papers and reports. Her research has been funded by university, industry, and government sources in Australia and the United Kingdom. She has extensive experience in teaching in the areas of management, human resource management, and industrial relations, while she has supervised over 10 PhDs to successful completion. She has also held numerous board and council member positions, both within and beyond academia. In 2015, Rowena chaired the ISPIM Innovation Summit "Changing the Innovation Landscape", which took place at QUT in Brisbane, Australia, from 6–9 December. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/992 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Insights from Stimulating Creative Behaviours in a Project-Based Organization Team %A Tracy Stanley %A Judy Matthews %A Paul Davidson %K creative behaviours %K problem solving %K teams %K work environments %X Novel and useful ideas and creative behaviours originate in varied work environments, yet the characteristics of work environments that stimulate and foster such creative behaviours are not well defined. The aim of this study was to identify the influences that contribute to creative behaviours in the work environment of a global project-based professional service organization. This article is based on an investigation of the work environment of one project team undertaking interdisciplinary work in the construction of a processing plant in a remote location. This multi-disciplinary team encouraged creative behaviours through regular team meetings, ensuring the presentation of diverse views and commitments to regular interaction and collaboration in co-located environments. In addition, a technology manager dedicated to identifying potential opportunities for patenting and commercialization further extended the creative behaviours of the team by focusing on the best solution for each situation. The study contributes new knowledge to research regarding work environments that facilitate creative behaviours. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 26-33 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/979 %N 4 %1 Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Tracy Stanley is currently completing her doctoral thesis at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia, where she investigated how the characteristics of team work environments influence creative behaviours and employee engagement in a global project-based organization. The research was undertaken across five teams providing a range of finance, marketing, and engineering services. Tracy has twenty years of international experience in human resources and change management in Asia and Europe across industries including travel technology, government, financial services, education, and health. Her qualifications include an MBA from the University of Melbourne, Australia, and an MBus (Research) from QUT. %2 Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Judy Matthews is a Senior Lecturer at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Business School, in Brisbane, Australia, where she teaches both MBAs and senior executives on the topics of innovation management, facilitates problem framing and problem solving in complex environments, and uses design thinking to develop and execute new possibilities. Her enthusiasm for the importance of innovation management can be traced to her research into innovation systems in Australia, in public sector research and development, and in the management of change. For the last six years, Judy has been an active researcher and facilitator in the development and application of design mindsets and methods, recognizing that the frameworks, tools, and mindsets of designers can be used to help managers to problem solve and innovate in their businesses and develop new business models. Judy has published articles in a wide range of international journals, including the Journal of Business Research, International Journal of Technology Management, Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, and Design Management Journal. %3 Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Paul Davidson is an Associate Professor at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Business School in Brisbane, Australia. He is a management specialist with over 25 years university teaching experience and 100 academic publications including two major textbooks in management. He has studied and taught at several universities, and in between academic appointments, he has been CEO of a company with 650 employees. At QUT since 1991, he has developed and delivered courses for high-profile corporate organizations in addition to extensive graduate teaching. Paul has received a number of awards for his teaching and academic publishing. He is a former President (2000–2005) of the Australian Human Resource Institute (Queensland). In academic administration, he served the Brisbane Graduate School of Business as Subject Area Coordinator for Management, HRM, and Organisational Behaviour, and managed the school’s program for Defence Force students. From 2005 to 2012, he was Deputy Director of the QUT Project Management Academy, a joint initiative of the Science and Engineering faculty and the QUT Business School. He now leads the MBus(HRM) program. His research interests include the development of management competencies, knowledge management, and project management, as well as international human resource management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/979 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Integrating Open Innovation Platforms in Public Sector Decision Making: Empirical Results from Smart City Research %A Jukka Ojasalo %A Lassi Tähtinen %K collaborative innovation %K innovation intermediary %K open innovation platform %K public decision making %K smart city %X The purpose of this article is to increase knowledge of integrating an open innovation platform into public sector decision-making processes. Many of the distinctive characteristics of public sector decision-making processes pose a challenge for innovation collaboration with external actors. Often, external actors are not aware of these distinctive characteristics, or they find it very difficult to adapt to them. Particularly SMEs and startups find it difficult to adjust their operation to public sector decision-making processes. The existing literature includes very little knowledge of how such an innovation platform, which is an intermediary between a city and external actors, relates to the city’s decision-making processes. Still, this is an important issue considering the prerequisites of the success of an innovation platform. This qualitative explorative study is based on data from in-depth interviews and co-creative multi-actor workshops with participants from city governments and other organizations. It proposes a model of open innovation platform for public sector decision making in a city. The article contributes to the literature dealing with innovation intermediaries as well as public sector decision making in enhancement of innovation. It identifies and introduces three different kinds of relationships that are present and partly interwoven in open innovation platforms and intermediary organizations: governing, sparring, and collaborative. The prosed model shows a practical way of organizing the three types of relationships of an innovation platform with the city’s decision making and external actors. The model also helps in combining different decision-making cultures between the public, private, and third sectors in the context of collaborative innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 38-48 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1040 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jukka Ojasalo is a Professor and current Head of the Master of Business Administration Degree Programme at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland and Adjunct Professor at Aalto University School of Business and Helsinki University Faculty of Social Sciences. He completed his PhD at Hanken Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration in Helsinki, Finland in 1999. Previously, he was Professor of Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology as well as at Turku School of Economics and Business Administration. Prior to his academic career, he worked for several years in the IT industry and for the Finnish government. He has published two textbooks and many articles on service, customer relationships, networks, and innovation. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Lassi Tähtinen is a Research Assistant at Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland, where he holds a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Management. As described in this study, his current research is focused on a project aimed at developing a framework for an open innovation platform/intermediary between a smart city and the private sector/third sector. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1040 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Intrusion Learning: An Overview of an Emergent Discipline %A Tony Bailetti %A Mahmoud Gad %A Ahmed Shah %K adversarial learning %K clustering %K cybersecurity %K enterprise %K intrusion detection %K intrusion learning %K learning algorithms %K machine learning %K real-time analysis %K resiliency %K security %K streaming network data %X The purpose of this article is to provide a definition of intrusion learning, identify its distinctive aspects, and provide recommendations for advancing intrusion learning as a practice domain. The authors define intrusion learning as the collection of online network algorithms that learn from and monitor streaming network data resulting in effective intrusion-detection methods for enabling the security and resiliency of enterprise systems. The network algorithms build on advances in cyber-defensive and cyber-offensive capabilities. Intrusion learning is an emerging domain that draws from machine learning, intrusion detection, and streaming network data. Intrusion learning offers to significantly enhance enterprise security and resiliency through augmented perimeter defense and may mitigate increasing threats facing enterprise perimeter protection. The article will be of interest to researchers, sponsors, and entrepreneurs interested in enhancing enterprise security and resiliency. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 15-20 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/964 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation Mahmoud M. Gad is a Research Associate at VENUS Cybersecurity. He holds a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Ottawa in Canada. Additionally, he holds an MSc in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Maryland in College Park, United States. His research interests include cybercrime markets, machine learning for intrusion detection, analysis of large-scale networks, and cognitive radio networks. %3 Carleton University Ahmed Shah holds a BEng in Software Engineering and is pursuing an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Ahmed has experience working in cybersecurity research with the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation and has experience managing legal deliverables at IBM. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/964 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T License Compliance in Open Source Cybersecurity Projects %A Ahmed Shah %A Selman Selman %A Ibrahim Abualhaol %K contamination %K copyright %K cybersecurity %K GPL %K license %K open source %K third-party code %X Developers of cybersecurity software often include and rely upon open source software packages in their commercial software products. Before open source code is absorbed into a proprietary product, developers must check the package license to see if the project is permissively licensed, thereby allowing for commercial-friendly inheritance and redistribution. However, there is a risk that the open source package license could be inaccurate due to being silently contaminated with restrictively licensed open source code that may prohibit the sale or confidentiality of commercial derivative work. Contamination of commercial products could lead to expensive remediation costs, damage to the company's reputation, and costly legal fees. In this article, we report on our preliminary analysis of more than 200 open source cybersecurity projects to identify the most frequently used license types and languages and to look for evidence of permissively licensed open source projects that are likely contaminated by restrictive licensed material (i.e., containing commercial-unfriendly code). Our analysis identified restrictive license contamination cases occurring in permissively licensed open source projects. Furthermore, we found a high proportion of code that lacked copyright attribution. We expect that the results of this study will: i) provide managers and developers with an understanding of how contamination can occur, ii) provide open source communities with an understanding on how they can better protect their intellectual property by including licenses and copyright information in their code, and ii) provide entrepreneurs with an understanding of the open source cybersecurity domain in terms of licensing and contamination and how they affect decisions about cybersecurity software architectures. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 28-35 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/966 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Ahmed Shah holds a BEng in Software Engineering and is pursuing an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Ahmed has experience working in cybersecurity research with the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation and has experience managing legal deliverables at IBM. %2 Carleton University Selman Selman is a Software Engineer at Synopsys under the Software Integrity Group. He is also carrying out graduate studies in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Carleton University Ibrahim Abualhaol holds BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical Engineering from Jordan University of Science and Technology, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Mississippi in Oxford, United States. He worked for two years as a Wireless Engineer at Broadcom Corporation and as a System Engineer Intern at Qualcomm Incorporation in the United States. He then worked as an Assistant Professor of Wireless Communications at Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates for four years. Currently, he is a Cybersecurity R & D Engineer working on operationalizing collective intelligence with artificial intelligence to improve cybersecurity. He is senior member of IEEE, a member of Phi Kappa Phi, and a member of Sigma Xi. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/966 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Managing Innovation Ecosystems to Create and Capture Value in ICT Industries %A Jarkko Pellikka %A Timo Ali-Vehmas %K innovation ecosystem %K management %K network %K strategy %K value capture %X In a new knowledge-intensive economic landscape, firms need to access external knowledge sources due to their inability to generate all necessary knowledge on their own. The interaction with and learning from external knowledge sources implies that firms depend upon decisions and actions made by business partners and external support organizations. This network of linkages can be considered as an ecosystem in which commercial enterprises and non-firm organizations interact with one another and work together to create and capture value. Previous studies have shown that a firm’s ability to successfully commercialize a new product depends not only on its own technology strategy but also its capabilities to manage an innovation ecosystem strategy. Dynamic markets, intense competition, and shorter product lifecycles force companies across different industries to create and capture value more rapidly by launching new innovations. Well-defined and executed innovation ecosystem strategies can help companies to develop new markets and business opportunities for the different types of innovations and enable their businesses to grow. This study provides new insight into how an ecosystem strategy can be formed based on the traditional strategy literature and proposes a conceptual framework for senior leaders to form an ecosystem strategy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 17-24 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1024 %N 10 %1 Nokia Technologies Jarkko Pellikka is Head of Operations at Nokia Technologies in Espoo, Finland. He holds a PhD in Economics and Business Administration, a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and PMP certifications. He has worked for several years in leading global multinational companies and he has been responsible for managing and developing numerous global business operations and major initiatives in technology and innovation management. His research focuses on the commercialization process of innovation, operations and technology management, and business development in technology industries. His research on the commercialization process of innovation, innovation management, and business leadership in high-technology industries has been published in several international journals and books. %2 Nokia Technologies Timo Ali-Vehmas is a Nokia Fellow and currently works as Head of Ecosystems Research at Nokia Technologies in Espoo, Finland. In his previous role, he was in charge of Nokia’s standardization activities as the Vice President, Compatibility and Industry Collaboration, including Nokia’s contributions to forums such as the 3GPP, ETSI, CCSA, ITU, IETF, W3C, OMA, DLNA, IEEE, WFA, BT, and many others. He has been working at Nokia since 1980 in a number of different areas, including R&D manager of the first Nokia GSM mobile phone and later Vice President, WCDMA Product Programs in Nokia Mobile Phones. He was also tasked to establish the Radio Communication Laboratory in the Nokia Research Centre. For several years, he has been also a member of the European Union's Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group (OISPG). Since 2012, Timo has served as the Chairman of the Board of Nokia Foundation and since 2008 has been a member of the Board of the Walter Ahlström Foundation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1024 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Mobilizing Knowledge: The Evidence Gap for Assistive Devices %A Edward D. Lemaire %K assistive devices %K knowledge mobilization %K orthosis %X Knowledge mobilization can be hindered in healthcare technology settings where the pace of change outpaces the ability to perform high-quality research methodologies that provide timely knowledge to enable informed prescription and technology application to the end user. Although well-controlled research with appropriate sample sizes is needed, this approach must be balanced with other evidence sources to address the knowledge immediacy requirements. Using carbon-fibre ankle–foot orthoses (i.e., lower-limb braces that improve stability, alignment, and foot-to-ground placement) as a case study, various sources of assistive device evidence were explored for their contribution to the continuum of knowledge in this area. A basic level of knowledge exists, but the quality is insufficient to inform the physical rehabilitation community on selecting from the almost 70 different devices on the market and the expected clinical outcomes for a target population. A combination of enhanced single-participant reports should be considered as an important part of the knowledge continuum and essential for knowledge immediacy. This approach must also be expanded to national and multinational database initiatives that provide a better base from which to extract knowledge on assistive device performance and mobilize this knowledge to provide optimal care for people with physical disabilities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 39-45 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1018 %N 9 %1 The Ottawa Hospital Edward Lemaire, PhD, is actively involved with research on technologies that improve mobility for people with physical disabilities. He is a Clinical Researcher at The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute’s Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development; Professor at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine; and Adjunct Professor in Human Kinetics, Mechanical Engineering, and Systems Design Engineering. He is also active with the International Society of Prosthetics and Orthotics, as a board member and international congress scientific chairman. Dr. Lemaire’s research has resulted in over 350 published papers and presentations that include intelligent prosthetics and orthotics, biomechanical walking analysis in 3D virtual environments, smartphone approaches to improve decision making, and eHealth technology to enhance access to education and rehabilitation services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1018 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Open Innovation in Indian Organizations: Types of Collaboration %A Shiv S. Tripathi %K collaboration %K forms %K India %K manufacturing %K Open innovation %K risk %K types %X In order to succeed, it is important for any organization to leverage the power of the known and unknown networks around it. The organization must collaborate with others, and to do so requires it to open up its boundaries inside-out, outside-in, or both. However, the type of collaboration required to work with other parties and the respective output is different across different organizations on account of need, R&D intensity, capability, and risk-taking ability, as well as the nature of the business and industry. The major problem that comes in the way of open innovation in Indian organizations is their risk taking ability; the more an organization collaborates, the more risk it is taking by sharing internal information with the other parties. Through a sample of 31 manufacturing-based firms in India belonging to 12 different industries, the article explores the types of collaborations that they have with various related or unrelated organizations as they engage in open innovation. The article compares the collaborations each industry has entered into to identify the industries that are more open to take risks by collaborating with other parties in multiple ways. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 15-23 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/987 %N 5 %1 Management Development Institute Shiv S. Tripathi is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at the Management Development Institute in Gurgaon, India. He holds a PhD degree from Vinod Gupta School of Management at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He has published papers in the area of product and service innovations, growth strategies, and innovations in large organizations. He has presented papers at national and international conferences organized by the Indian Institutes of Management, Indian Schools of Business, and the Strategic Management Society. His current research interests include open innovation, ambidexterity, and innovation in emerging markets. He is a member of the Academy of Management, the International Society of Professional Innovation Management, and the Strategic Management Society. He is presently writing a book on innovation strategy. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/987 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Outcomes from Applying Design-Led Innovation in an Australian Manufacturing Firm %A Peter Townson %A Judy Matthews %A Cara Wrigley %K customer insights %K design-led innovation %K innovation catalyst %K manufacturing %X Design-led innovation has recently emerged as an approach that assists companies to develop new capabilities to respond to changing markets. Previous research has shown that the application of design-led innovation to manufacturing businesses contributed to innovation across their business model, often repositioning the business and its offerings in the market. This article presents findings from a study where the researcher was embedded in an Australian firm, working four days per week for 11 months and using action research to apply design-led innovation. Deep insights from stakeholders were translated with the company staff into new value propositions for the company. This research demonstrates the largely untapped potential of an experienced designer as an innovation catalyst to help firms develop customer-inspired innovation as they use design-led innovation to overcome barriers and recognize opportunities within a changing market context. This study contributes new knowledge regarding benefits of design-led innovation in dynamic environments. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 49-58 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/997 %N 6 %1 Queensland University of Technology Peter Townson is a Design Facilitator for the PwC Chair in Digital Economy at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia, where he recently completed his Master's degree in design-led innovation. Peter lives the world of design in the nexus between academia and industry. From his background as an industrial designer and manufacturer, his translation of his craft from the physical world and into the service and digital worlds' builds off his post-graduate education and application of design-led innovation. Peter now facilitates innovation sprints that use design-led innovation to envision and design the future of our digital economy, while making his findings relevant to the applied academic audience of today. %2 Queensland University of Technology Judy Matthews is a Senior Lecturer at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Business School in Brisbane, Australia, where she teaches both MBAs and senior executives on the topics of innovation management, facilitates problem framing and problem solving in complex environments, and uses design thinking to develop and execute new possibilities. Her enthusiasm for the importance of innovation management can be traced to her research into innovation systems in Australia, in public sector research, and development and in the management of change. For the last six years, Judy has been an active researcher and facilitator in the development and application of design mindsets and methods, recognizing that the frameworks, tools, and mindsets of designers can be used to help managers to problem solve and innovate in their businesses and develop new business models. Judy holds a PhD from QUT and has published articles in a wide range of international journals, including the Journal of Business Research, the International Journal of Technology Management, Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, and the Design Management Journal. %3 University of Technology Sydney Cara Wrigley is Head of Research in the Design & Innovation Research Centre at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. The Design & Innovation Research Centre (DI:rc) is a transdisciplinary centre located at UTS, focusing on the development of innovative, design-oriented research with the potential to transform companies. Building on her solid practical industry experience and combined with her scholarly expertise in emotional design, she is actively researching the value that design holds in business – specifically through the creation of strategies to design business models which lead to emotive customer engagement. Cara has presented and published widely in the field of design-led innovation and currently leading several initiatives to contribute to both industry and academia on the value of design to business. She holds a PhD and a Bachelor of the Built Environment from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia, in addition to a Bachelor of Design Studies from Griffith University in South East Queensland, Australia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/997 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Pattern-Based Approach to the Development of Frugal Innovations %A Anne-Christin Lehner %A Jürgen Gausemeier %K business model %K developing markets %K emerging markets %K frugal innovations %K market service %K pattern catalogue %K pattern system %K solution patterns %X The economic rise of emerging markets induces a rapid growth of the global middle class. This new mass market demands products and services adapted to the needs of the local population – so called "frugal innovations". Engineers often face similar challenges while developing products and services for these markets, and therefore may develop similar solutions. By the abstraction of these solutions to transferrable solution patterns, the efficiency of the development process could be increased. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to develop a pattern system for frugal innovations. Based on 29 selected frugal innovations, we derived the problems that led to the development of the analyzed frugal innovations. By categorizing these problems, we deduced six problem categories: education, environment, culture, infrastructure, regulation, and finance. We stripped down the solutions to these problems to their core principles, and in our subsequent analysis, we identified 56 solution patterns. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between the abstracted solution patterns, problem areas, and frugal innovations. By using a pattern-based approach, the efficiency of the product development process could be improved significantly. As well, patterns may generate new impetus and increase creativity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 13-21 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/971 %N 3 %1 University of Paderborn Anne-Christin Lehner (Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing.) is a Research Associate at the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering Workgroup at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Paderborn, Germany. She studied industrial engineering with a major in Electrical Engineering at the University of Paderborn and at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa in Canada. Her major research areas are strategic planning and innovation management. Some of her project topics were the development of business models for telemedical assistant systems and the development and implementation of segment strategies for a huge manufacturing company. She is currently writing her dissertation about the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. %2 University of Paderborn Jürgen Gausemeier is Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen Gausemeier is the initiator and chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/971 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Perspectives on Knowledge Mobilization: An Introduction to the Special Issue %A Kimberly Matheson %A Cathy Malcolm Edwards %K health %K interdisciplinary %K knowledge mobilization %K partnerships %X In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review's special issue on Knowledge Mobilization, Guest Editors Kimberly Matheson and Cathy Malcolm Edwards share their different perspectives as an academic and a knowledge broker on the process of knowledge mobilization. Despite their distinctive points of entry into the knowledge mobilization field, they share a common perspective on the value of researchers and knowledge users learning from each other, working together to co-create solutions, and the importance of contributing back into the basic research and training of the next generation. They also provide the context of the authors' contributions to this special issue, noting that the articles are rooted in the authors’ experiences in the health domain, but that they help to understand some of the challenges and rewards of integrating knowledge mobilization into research approaches more generally. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 4-8 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1014 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Kimberly Matheson is the Joint Research Chair in Culture and Gender Mental Health at the Royal Ottawa’s Institute of Mental Health Research and Carleton University. She is also a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience, and the founding Director of the Canadian Health Adaptations, Innovations, & Mobilization (CHAIM) Centre at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is a health psychologist that brings a recognition of the critical role that social determinants play in the health and well-being of disadvantaged or marginalized populations. Her recent work is in partnership with communities and organizations in Northwestern Ontario to promote resilience and well-being among First Nations youth. %2 1125@Carleton Cathy Malcolm Edwards is Managing Director of 1125@Carleton and has an enthusiastic appreciation for the power that research has to improve lives and the world we live in. Her client-centric approach fosters open dialogue, promotes collaborative engagements and encourages successful relationship management practices. As Managing Director of 1125@Carleton, Cathy provides strategic direction as well as guidance to and opportunities for collaborative research and engagement. She is also co-founder of the Born Social Fellowship, a leadership program that inspires youth to create a more just and sustainable world through action and impact. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1014 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Priority Systems at Theme Parks from the Perspective of Managers and Customers %A Gilda Hernandez-Maskivker %A Gerard Ryan %K innovation %K managers %K priority queues %K theme parks %K tourism %K tourist behaviour %K waiting time %X Waiting times are becoming an increasingly important customer-experience challenge in theme parks. The seemingly ever-present problem of long queues for rides and attractions is being tackled by the development of priority systems. These innovations allow customers to join an alternative queue that bypasses the congestion faced by regular customers. In other words, by paying extra, customers can purchase the right to be served sooner. Such systems are becoming prevalent, but there is a lack of empirical research into priority systems at theme parks in the academic and management literature, which suggests that in-depth empirical analysis is necessary in order to understand the consumer decision-making process when making this purchase. This article examines priority systems at theme parks both from the viewpoint of park management and of customers. To address this gap, we surveyed nearly 1,000 customers at a major theme park in Spain and conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 theme park managers to assess both customer and manager attitudes towards waiting generally and priority systems specifically. Our results reveal that these priority systems facilitate market segmentation. When theme parks offer this "wait or pay" option, different groups of customers are identified based on their attitudes: those who wait in regular lines and those who are willing to pay to avoid lines. Thus, this innovative system creates an important source of new revenue while also improving the customer experience by reducing waiting times and minimizing congestion. Following a discussion of our results, we offer practical recommendations to managers who need to address the challenges of waiting times in theme parks and wish to improve both profits and customer experiences by implementing a priority system. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 40-47 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1034 %N 11 %1 Rovira i Virgili University Gilda Hernandez-Maskivker is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Management at Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain. She has a PhD in Tourism and Leisure and a Master's degree in Analytical Techniques and Innovation in Tourism, both from Rovira i Virgili University. Her main research line is on waiting times in tourism services and tourist behaviour. Gilda has also collaborated with the Maldives National University Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Studies in Malé, Maldives; HTSI-ESADE in Barcelona, Spain; Ostelea-EAE in Barcelona; and the European University School for Tourism in Milan, Italy. %2 Rovira i Virgili University Gerard Ryan is an Associate Professor and accredited Full Professor (ANECA, Spain) in Marketing at Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain, and he is a Visiting Fellow at Cornell University in Ithaca, USA. He is a founding member of FHOM, which is part of the Catalan government’s map of official research groups. He is on the editorial advisory board of the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, la Revista Escritos Contables y de Administración, and the Irish Journal of Management. He is a regular reviewer and an award recipient of the Emerald Group for his research. His main research interests are consumers, time, and waiting. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1034 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Process for Co-Creating Shared Value with the Crowd: Tourism Case Studies from a Regional Innovation System in Western Switzerland %A Vincent Grèzes %A Béatrice Girod Lehmann %A Marc Schnyder %A Antoine Perruchoud %K business models %K co-creation %K crowdsourcing %K innovation %K regional innovation system %K shared value %K tourism %K tourism cluster %X Despite the presence of a regional innovation system, the gross value added attributed to tourism in the Swiss region of Valais is declining. Innovation policies fostering private initiatives and collaboration between companies, researchers, and coaching services have been reinforced recently, and policy instruments are in place to support strategic industries. However, no incitement instrument is dedicated to supporting the co-creation and the creation of shared value through local actors. This article presents a co-creation process of shared value and the lessons learned while implementing a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship in two case studies in the peripheral region of Valais, Switzerland. The aim of the process is the co-creation of shared value-based business models, with an emphasis on the use of crowdsourcing to find new ways to create shared value. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 32-39 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1033 %N 11 %1 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Vincent Grèzes is a Professor of Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre. He holds a PhD in Political Science and joined the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute of the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in 2011. Vincent has professional experience in the areas of business intelligence, and industry and strategic market research. His current research areas are business and tourism innovation, creation of shared value, and regional development. %2 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Béatrice Girod Lehmann is a Scientific Collaborator at the Institute of Entrepreneurship & Management of the University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland in Sierre. She has participated in several research projects aimed at developing solutions for SMEs and has worked on various topics such as the internationalization of SMEs in the French part of Switzerland, technological innovation, the functional economy, and fostering the entrepreneurial spirit. She is also involved in the BusiNETvs project, a platform for innovation and entrepreneurship for academics and professionals from the Valais, and is the Executive Head of the MAS HES-SO in Quality & Strategy Management. Béatrice holds a UAS degree in Business Administration and a Master of Advanced Studies in Quality & Strategy Management. %3 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Marc Schnyder is a Professor of Tourism and Business Administration at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre, where he is also the Head of the Institute of Tourism. He holds a French/German bilingual license from the University of Fribourg, specializing in economic and financial policy. After a one-year internship at the Swiss National Bank (SNB) in Zurich in the field of banking economy, he wrote a doctoral thesis at the University of Fribourg on the theme of investment theory. He was then a Research Assistant at the Private Hochschule Wirtschaft PHW Bern, where he worked in the field of applied research and development. His current research areas are tourist innovation process, international tourism issues, tourism policy, and the regional economy. %4 University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Antoine Perruchoud is a Professor at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland in Sierre and is Head of the Entrepreneurship & Management Institute. He is committed to training and supporting young entrepreneurs, and he is one of the initiators and directors of the university's Entrepreneurship Business Experience Program. The goal of this interdisciplinary training program is to foster and promote innovation and entrepreneurship among future graduates through the university's "school enterprise". Antoine graduated in Economics and Social Sciences from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and holds a master's degree from Western Washington University in the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1033 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Profiling Regional Innovation Ecosystems as Functional Collaborative Systems: The Case of Cambridge %A Jukka Viitanen %K Cambridge %K innovation ecosystem %K management %K orchestration %K PPP %K public–private partnership %K system thinking %X It has been widely recognized that the national and regional development of innovation ecosystems has been a relatively successful model for regional revitalization, bringing together key actors to perform the relevant technology-driven development processes. The ecosystems have been organized and combine readily public sector interests with private sector business-oriented actions. However, all regions are not uniformly successful, which leaves open the question of how to guide the sub-optimum regional systems closer to the front-runner position. Why do some score better than the others? This article presents both theoretical and practical evidence of global best practice in developing regional innovation hubs and renders a fully integrated innovation hub framework that defines a novel, holistic approach to managing these ecosystems. The framework is tested and validated through a selected case study of Cambridge, United Kingdom, identifying the key ecosystem elements that are necessary for building up a solid foundation for the innovative regions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 6-25 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1038 %N 12 %1 Resolute HQ Inc. Jukka Viitanen is CEO and Managing Partner of Resolute HQ Inc. and former CEO and Partner of Hubconcepts Inc. He has PhD in Information Systems Management and an MSc in Marketing. His academic research has focused on the strategic alignment of business and ICT strategies and the management of global network organizations. Dr. Viitanen has extensive international experience in planning and managing innovation platforms for global excellence. He has served several organizations in Asia and Oceania and managed the Finnish Science Institute in Japan, the Finnish Innovation Center – Finnode Japan, and Asia-Pacific Insight consultancy during his 15 years abroad. Moreover, Dr. Viitanen has developed several governmental programs to facilitate cross-border technology transfer, SME market entry, and S&T funding collaboration between Finland and its global partners. In his work, he has been responsible for drafting strategies, proposals, and programs for international science and technology collaboration and innovation platform development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1038 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T A Proposed Approach for Idea Selection in Front End of Innovation Activities %A Andrew N. Forde %A Mark S. Fox %K FEoI %K front end of innovation %K idea selection %K innovation %K multi-criteria decision making %K possible worlds %K real options %K stochastic models %X Current research indicates that the idea evaluation processes of many firms are ad hoc or intuitive, with very few firms having defined methods. We propose a new approach to select the best ideas to pursue amidst different probable versions of the future. In support of "front end of innovation" processes, the approach emphasizes the formation of requirements for any idea that can be prioritized and measured against possible future worlds. This approach is currently conceptual; future work will develop the approach into a methodology that can be tested using real-world problems. This article will be relevant to those who are exploring novel methods and approaches to selecting the best idea within their particular domains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 48-55 %8 08/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1011 %N 8 %1 University of Toronto Andrew N. Forde is a PhD student in Industrial and Information Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada. His research focuses on using possible-world analysis and engineering ontologies to establish utility functions that can accurately predict the usefulness of an idea in the future. His work is being co-sponsored by Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS) and a Toronto-based technology firm, IMC. %2 University of Toronto Mark S. Fox is the Distinguished Professor of Urban Systems Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada. He is a Professor of Industrial Engineering with a cross appointment in the Department of Computer Science, Director of the new Centre for Social Services Engineering, and Head of the Enterprise Integration Laboratory. Dr. Fox received his BSc in Computer Science from the University of Toronto in 1975, and in 1983 received his PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, United States. In 1979, he was a founding member of the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University as well as the founding Director of the Intelligent Systems Laboratory within the Institute. He is a past AAAI councillor and co-founder of the AAAI Special Interest Group in AI in Manufacturing. Dr. Fox has published over 200 papers. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1011 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Q&A. How Can a University Drive an Open Innovation Ecosystem? %A Gonzalo León %A Roberto Martínez %K ecosystems %K Open innovation %K public–private partnerships %K technology transfer %K university–industry cooperation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 48-51 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1004 %N 7 %1 Technical University of Madrid Gonzalo León is a Full Professor in the Telematics Engineering Department at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) in Spain. He is also the Director of the Centre for Technology Innovation and Deputy Rector for Innovation Partnerships of the UPM. He is the former Vice President for Research at UPM, and among his relevant positions in the Spanish Administration of Science and Technology he has been Deputy General Director for International Relations on R&D; Deputy General Director at the Office of Science and Technology attached to the Presidency of the Government; and Secretary General for Science Policy at the Ministry of Science and Technology, where he was responsible for the National R&D Plan and International Relations. He was also Chairman of the Follow up of the Lisbon Strategy Group, Chairman of the Space Advisory Group, Chairman of the Research Infrastructures Group, and member of the Mid-term review panel of ICT-FP7. Today, he is the Spanish representative in the Strategic Forum for International Cooperation (SFIC) of the European Union Council. %2 Technical University of Madrid Roberto Martinez is the Deputy Director of the European Research & Innovation Office at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) in Spain, and he is an evaluator and reviewer for the Research and Innovation Programmes of the European Commission. He graduated as a Telecommunication Engineer from the School of Telecommunication for UPM, and he has a Master's Degree in Economics and Innovation Management and Technology Policy. From the beginnings of his professional career, he has been involved in several initiatives related to cooperation between Europe and Latin America in the information and communication technologies field. His research interests are linked to innovation ecosystems driven by universities, acting as a focus for value co-creation and acceleration and commercialization of technologies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1004 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Q&A. How Can Online Platforms Contribute to Smarter and More Prosperous Regions in Europe? %A Hanne Melin %A Samuel Laurinkari %A Taina Tukiainen %K digital economy %K e-commerce %K online marketplaces %K online platforms %K regional integration %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 61-66 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1042 %N 12 %1 eBay Hanne Melin is Director of Global Public Policy at eBay, where she leads eBay’s Public Policy Lab for the Europe, MiddleEast, and Africa region (http://www.ebaymainstreet.com/lab). Hanne is also a member of the European Commission’s Strategic Policy Forum on Digital Entrepreneurship, and she represents eBay as a member of the World Customs Organization’s Private Sector Consultative Group. Before joining eBay, Hanne was an associate at the law firm Sidley Austin LLP based in Brussels, where she practised competition law for five years. Hanne holds a Master's degree in International Business Law from King’s College London, she is a guest lecturer at the law faculty of Lund University (Sweden), and is a frequent speaker and writer on the topic of online commerce and trade policy. %2 eBay Samuel Laurinkari is Senior Manager of Government Relations at eBay, heading up the company's work on EU policies impacting eBay and its users, such as e-Commerce legislation, online platform policy, consumer policy, competition policy, and cross-border trade policy. Prior to joining eBay, Samuel worked in government relations for LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton and as a consultant for FTI Consulting. Samuel grew up in Finland and Germany and studied European law at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. %3 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is a Senior Researcher at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland, and she is a Cabinet Member of the President of the EU Committee of the Regions (CoR). She has worked for over 20 years within industry and universities and for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation as a senior manager, and she has worked on various projects with international university and industry collaboration. She was, until 2014, Director of Digibusiness Finland. Her research interest is strategic research including innovation, technology management, and entrepreneurship. Taina's doctoral dissertation was The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and the title of her latest book was The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1042 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Q&A. How Can You Teach Innovation and Entrepreneurship? %A Anna Trifilova %A John Bessant %A Allen Alexander %K learning entrepreneurship %K tacit knowledge %K teaching innovation %K university–industry cooperation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 45-50 %8 10/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1027 %N 10 %1 Exeter Business School Anna Trifilova is a Research Fellow at Exeter Business School in the United Kingdom. She is also a Professor at both Saint Petersburg State University, Russia, and at National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia. She is a visiting professor at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan. Anna is involved with ISPIM as an International Advisory Board member and a Leader of Teaching & Coaching Innovation Special Interest Group. She is a Co-Founder of the Future ofInnovation.org. For the last three years, she has acted as an Executive Director for Europe, with DICAMP project in Tunisia, coordinating it on behalf of University of Leipzig, Germany. For the next three years, she is coordinating EU Knowledge Alliance TACIT project with the University of Exeter being the Applicant. %2 Exeter Business School John Bessant is the Chair in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom and has visiting appointments at the universities of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Queensland University of Technology, and the National University of Ireland. Originally a chemical engineer, John has been active in the field of research and consultancy in technology and innovation management for over 35 years. He was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy of Management in 2003 and as a Fellow of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management in 2016. He has acted as advisor to various national governments and international bodies including the United Nations, The World Bank, and the OECD. He is the author of 30 books and many articles on the topic and has lectured and consulted widely around the world. %3 Exeter Business School Allen Alexander is the Director of the University of Exeter Business School’s Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research and Chair of the University’s Science Park and Innovation Centres operating company in the United Kingdom. He is also a Senior Lecturer and researcher focusing on innovation, entrepreneurship, and specifically the role that knowledge plays in creating a corporate innovation capability. He is currently investigating a range of research and teaching grants, publishing the findings in the top international research journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1027 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Q&A. What is the Role of Higher Education Institutions in Promoting Entrepreneurship in India? %A Dharmesh Raval %K entrepreneurship education %K HEI %K higher education institutions %K incubation %K mentoring %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 24-26 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/988 %N 5 %1 RK University Dharmesh Raval is Dean of the Faculty of Management and Professor and Director of the School of Management at RK University in Rajkot, India. His teaching and research interests include entrepreneurship, financial performance measurement and analysis, and related areas. He has presented research papers at several national and international conferences and has authored articles in reputed journals. He received his PhD from Saurashtra University in Rajkot. His academic experience includes over 15 years of teaching, research, academic-administration, and industry–academia interface experience in the areas of business management and commerce. He has been on the boards of Rajkot Commodity Exchange (Government of India) in Rajkot and Rajkot Management Association (AIMA) in past. His interests include designing new academic courses and engaging in business-support activities for startups. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/988 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Rejuvenating the Cider Route in Quebec: An Action Design Research Approach to Stakeholder Collaboration and Innovation %A L. Martin Cloutier %A Laurent Renard %A Sébastien Arcand %A E. Michael Laviolette %K action design research %K agrotourism %K boundary object %K Cider Route %K stakeholder collaboration %X This article examines the problem of rejuvenating collaboration for innovation among cideries (cider producers) and the regional tourism association as the historical key stakeholders of the Cider Route of the Montérégie region in Quebec, Canada. The article reports on the initial steps of an action design research approach to support the stakeholders of the Cider Route in designing an innovative solution in response to numerous challenges they face, including a lack of new initiatives and steeply declining membership among cideries. The first step of the action design research was to define the problem: to renew the collaborative process among the Cider Route stakeholders by redefining the vision, mission, and strategy leading to an artifact proposal that could take the form of a mobile application. Thus, the notion of a boundary object is employed – in relation to the process of designing an information technology artifact in the form of a mobile application for the Cider Route – as a way to understand the need to collaborate to innovate in this context. The article also reports on the ongoing second step of the action design research process, which consists of supporting the collaborative process using group concept mapping. The group concept mapping method was suggested to guide and sustain the collaborative process over time because it is a participatory, bottom-up, mixed-methods approach to evaluation and planning. The group concept mapping, applied within the action design research approach, could be helpful in two ways: first, to define the rejuvenated vision, mission, and strategy for the Cider Route; second, to define the specific functionalities of the mobile application for the Cider Route. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 6-17 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1030 %N 11 %1 University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM) L. Martin Cloutier is a Professor in the Department of Management and Technology in the School of Management at the University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada. He holds a PhD degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and received BSc and MSc degrees from McGill University in Montreal. He was the Master’s Program Director in Management Information Systems from 2003 to 2016. His research program focuses on product, process, technological, and organizational innovation management; decision processes and tools for group decision making; mixed-methods research designs; and design science research. He has published thirty refereed articles, many on system-related management problems using system dynamics and group concept mapping. Professor Cloutier has initiated or led twenty group concept mapping projects in Canada and internationally in various areas including entrepreneurship, technological startups, continuous improvement, technology adoption and use, IT strategy design, and strategic development in cider and wine production. %2 University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM) Laurent Renard is a Professor in the Department of Management and Technology in the School of Management at the University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada. He holds a PhD degree in Business Administration and a Master’s degree in Sociology, both from the University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM). He is currently the Master’s Program Director in Information Technology in the School of Management UQAM. His research program focuses on e-tourism and strategy; IT strategic management; business analysis; and design science research. He has some twenty publications including articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings. He is also one of the editors of the book Les capacités de l’organisation en débat.. %3 HEC Montreal Sébastien Arcand is an Associate Professor and the Head of the Department of Management at HEC Montreal, Canada. His main teaching and publishing interests are in the area of cross-cultural management, socio-economic integration of immigrants, and the links between culture, identity, and entrepreneurship. Some of his teaching activities take place in Colombia. Besides his research and teaching activities, he works frequently with organizations helping them to build a strategic diversity management approach. He holds a PhD in Sociology from University of Montreal and is a Qualified Administrator for the Intercultural Development Inventory, a cross-cultural assessment of intercultural competence for individuals and organizations. %4 Toulouse Business School E. Michael Laviolette is a Professor of Entrepreneurship and Strategy at Toulouse Business School and an Associate Researcher at MAGELLAN-IAE in Lyon, France. He holds a doctorate degree and a post-doctorate certification for scientific direction (HDR) in Management, awarded at IAE-University of Lyon and ISEM-University of Montpellier, respectively. His research builds on resource-based, dynamic capabilities and network theories to analyze entrepreneurial and innovation processes within broader and diverse socio-economic systems. He has published several articles on spin-offs in SMEs, entrepreneurial skills and leadership development in incubators, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and role models in educational programs, policy-based clusters as institutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1030 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Research on Fire: Lessons Learned in Knowledge Mobilization %A Susan Braedley %K catalytic validity %K knowledge mobilization %K public policy %K public services %K research values %X In this article, I outline knowledge mobilization lessons learned while working on politically “hot button” issues in public policy research related to fire services. These lessons were shaped by the research funding context. Researchers are increasingly required to develop research relationships with government, industry, and community partners to ensure research is relevant to those who can best use it, to embed knowledge mobilization in research processes, to ensure that knowledge has an impact in the world beyond the academy, and to provide research funding. Perhaps not surprisingly, when my findings created challenges for research partners, controversies erupted, potentially imperiling my research program, career, and potential research impact. Drawing from my knowledge-mobilization experiences as well as those of other researchers, I offer some insights gained from mobilizing knowledge on a “hot topic” in public policy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 53-58 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1020 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Susan Braedley is an Associate Professor in the School of Social Work at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is co-editor of Neoliberalism and Everyday Life (McGill-Queens University Press, 2010) and Troubling Care (Canadian Press, 2013), and she is the author of many articles on social policy topics. She is a co-investigator on three large-scale comparative studies of long-term care policies and practices (funded by SSHRC and CIHR), as well as principal investigator on the SSHRC funded project “Equity Shifts: Employment Equity in Protective Services”. Her research and teaching focus on social policies and their implications for labour, gender, race, and class, and on research methodologies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1020 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Revealing Hidden Innovation: Patterns of External Innovation Investment in Australian Businesses %A Kieran O’Brien %K Australia %K external investment %K hidden innovation %K innovation investment %X Recent theory and literature suggests that many businesses now innovate based on the adoption and modification of knowledge, technology, and innovations sourced externally rather than developed in-house. Yet, little is known about the value and economic impact of expenditures on outsourced innovation activities, which are often referred to as "hidden innovation" by many scholars. The issue is due largely to a lack of consistent measurement, available data, and analyses of expenditures on hidden innovation. In contrast, there is a long history of cross-country data collection on in-house research and development (R&D) activities and costs, and much research focuses on innovations involving in-house R&D effort. This study reviews results from a survey aimed at collecting new economy-wide data on external innovation investments in Australia. The results estimate total unmeasured or "hidden" investment in external innovation activities by Australian businesses at $3.5 to $4 billion in 2014, an amount large enough to stimulate important economic activity and warrant future research. This article discusses the implications of these results for policy, business strategy, and future research on innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 41-48 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/996 %N 6 %1 Australian Innovation Research Centre Kieran O'Brien is a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian Innovation Research Centre (AIRC) at the University of Tasmania, Australia. His role involves ongoing management of the AIRC's Tasmanian Innovation Census (TIC) project and related research. Kieran's research interests focus on innovation measurement and innovation activities in the business sector, particularly in low-tech industries where innovation often occurs through a diffusion-adoption process. Related interests include the different modes of innovation, innovation capability and innovation policy as they relate to economic development. Kieran has previously worked in management, research and policy analysis roles in Commonwealth Government agencies including the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Department of Education, Science and Training. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/996 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Smart City Ecosystem as an Innovation Model: Lessons from Montreal %A Mohamed Reda Khomsi %K ecosystem %K innovation %K Montreal %K smart cities %K smart destination %K stakeholders %X Innovations are not confined to new technologies designed to improve the manufacturing processes of a product or the provision of a service. In a context of postmodernity, the new innovation paradigm calls on organizations to choose the best innovation strategies for their broader purposes. Today, such strategies usually involve adopting organizational structures that enable better collaboration with the stakeholders of an ecosystem. This article focuses on the smart city of Montreal – selected as the 2016 Intelligent Community of the Year by the Intelligent Community Forum – as a model of innovation. The aim is to understand the distinction between "the smart city" and "the smart destination", despite the omnipresence of tourism projects in smart city development plans. Among the key lessons are the importance of engaging tourism stakeholders and the role of a dedicated organization to develop and implement the city's unique vision. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 26-31 %8 11/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1032 %N 11 %1 Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Mohamed Reda Khomsi is a Professor of Tourism Governance and E-Tourism at the Department of Urban Studies and Tourism in the School of Management at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada. His research focuses on smart destinations, online distribution, governance models, and the assessment of the hallmark tourist event. Mohamed is the author of over a dozen articles and book chapters on these topics. He is currently investigating various examples of smart cities and smart destinations in Canada with the aim to highlight the particular features of the Canadian model. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1032 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Supporting Research-Inspired Entrepreneurial Activities in India %A Nikhil A. Gokhale %K business %K economy %K entrepreneurship %K financial risk %K research-inspired entrepreneurship %X Nations built on innovation, entrepreneurship, and production are able to dominate the world economy. However, risk taking has traditionally been discouraged in developing nations. The uncertainty and financial insecurity associated with entrepreneurial activities are the greatest barriers that budding entrepreneurs need to overcome in order to transition into successful entrepreneurs. This challenge needs substantial effort and steady support from society. Easy access to information, mentorship, and a network of venture capitalists and angel investors also play critical roles in promoting entrepreneurial activities. To this end, the Government of India recently launched a nationwide campaign to promote entrepreneurial activities across the country. Some of the recently emerging trends indicate that scientific and technological innovators from India are now willing to be a part of the global entrepreneurial revolution. Research-inspired entrepreneurial initiatives are expected to play a key role in facilitating India’s economic growth in the coming years. This article focuses on the initiatives undertaken by the Indian Government and by various academic institutes to facilitate entrepreneurial activities across the country. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 14-14 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/986 %N 5 %1 RK University Nikhil A. Gokhale is Associate Director of the Faculty of Doctoral Studies & Research at RK University in Rajkot, India. He obtained his Master’s degree from the University of Pune, India, and moved to the United States to pursue his PhD in Chemistry (Biochemistry) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He then joined the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow to study the inositol phosphate-/pyrophosphate-based inhibition of proteins involved in cancer and inflammation. After conducting biomedical research at the NIH and at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Dr. Gokhale returned to the University of Illinois at Chicago as a Visiting Research Assistant Professor. His research interests have focused on the field of biochemistry and signal transduction. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/986 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T TIM Lecture Series – An Introduction to Intellectual Property for Entrepreneurs %A Elizabeth Collinson %K Canada %K CIPO %K copyright %K entrepreneurship %K industrial design %K intellectual property %K patents %K startups %K trade secrets %K trademarks %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 27-29 %8 05/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/989 %N 5 %1 Canadian Intellectual Property Office Elizabeth Collinson is a Project Officer in the Outreach Program of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), where she has worked for more than 20 years in the Trademarks Branch, the Copyright and Industrial Design Branch, and the Information Branch. She has held various roles including Examiner, Policy and Training Officer, Supervisor, Business Development Officer, Project Officer and she was successful in acquiring Trademark Agent status. Currently, Elizabeth works in an Outreach team promoting the awareness and further education of intellectual property. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/989 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T TIM Lecture Series – Huge Memory and Collection-Oriented Programming: Less Code, More Speed? %A Dave Thomas %K big data %K collection-oriented programming %K databases %K huge persistent memory %K memory %K object-oriented programming %K programming %K queries %K speed %K very large databases %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 41-43 %8 06/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/974 %N 3 %1 First Derivatives FD Labs Dave Thomas is Chief Scientist/CSO, First Derivatives FD Labs. He is also Founder and Chairman of the YOW! Australia and Lambda Jam conferences, he is a GOTO Conference Fellow, and he is an ACM Distinguished Engineer. With a unique ability to see the future and translate research into competitive products, he is known for his contributions to object technology including IBM VisualAge and Eclipse IDEs, Smalltalk, and Java virtual machines, and more recently, he has been a proponent for the use of applied functional programming. He holds close links to the R&D community as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada, and he has held past positions at UQ, QUT, and NICTA in Australia. While a professor at Carleton, he formed the Object-Oriented Research Group and established Ottawa's leadership in object-oriented technology. Dave has been a business and technical advisor to many technology local and international technology companies. And, among his past roles, he was Co-Founder and Chairman of Bedarra Research Labs (BRL), Founder and CEO of Object Technology International (OTI), becoming CEO of IBM OTI Labs after its sale to IBM. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/974 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T TIM Lecture Series – Insights from Success and Failure in Technology Businesses %A Chris McPhee %A Peter Carbone %A Sean Silcoff %K Blackberry %K book launch %K innovation %K insights %K lessons %K management %K Nortel %K Research in Motion %K technology %K technology innovation management review %K TIM Review %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 36-39 %8 02/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/967 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Peter Carbone is a successful executive known for his thought leadership, business acumen, and technology leadership. He is often called on to address new business and technology challenges. Peter is a pathfinder with a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has held CTO, R&D, and senior business positions in several high-tech companies, and he has led or been directly involved with several technology company acquisitions. Peter has been engaged as technical advisor to startups, is part of the faculty of an entrepreneur development program that has created >100 new companies, and has been on the boards of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and a not-for-profit economic development company. He is past Vice-Chair of the Executive Committee of the Information Technology Association of Canada (ITAC) and Chair of an ITAC committee, which is focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada’s Knowledge Economy. Peter is also a member of the Advisory Board and Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %3 The Globe & Mail Sean Silcoff is co-author of Losing the Signal and a business writer with The Globe & Mail, Canada's National Newspaper. During his 21-year career in journalism and communications, he has covered just about every area of business, from agriculture to the credit crisis, toys to airplane manufacturing and steel to startups. He previously worked at the National Post as well as Canadian Business Magazine, where he oversaw publication of the inaugural edition of the Rich 100, the magazine’s annual survey of Canada’s wealthiest people. Sean is a two-time winner of the National Newspaper Award, the Montreal Economic Institute Economic Education Prize and the Hon. Edward Goff Penny Memorial Prize for Young Canadian Journalists. He led The Globe & Mail’s coverage of the fall of BlackBerry. Sean has a business degree from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and a journalism degree from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/967 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T TIM Lecture Series – Startup Life: Lessons Learned in Entrepreneurship %A Andrea Baptiste %K entrepreneurship %K lessons %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 41-42 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/981 %N 4 %1 Benbria Corporation Andrea Baptiste is the President and CEO of Benbria Corporation. She is a veteran executive with more than 20 years of experience in telecommunications and network/service management. Prior to joining Benbria, Andrea was co-founder and CEO of Atreus Systems, where she successfully led the company’s growth resulting in its acquisition by Sonus Networks in 2008. Prior to co-founding Atreus Systems, Andrea was responsible for business development at Cambrian Systems, a metro DWDM equipment vendor that was acquired by Nortel Networks in 1998. Andrea’s experience in business leadership includes heading up venture capital financing rounds, merger and acquisitions, as well as establishing strategic partnerships with some of the world’s largest hardware and software companies. Andrea’s prior experience includes management positions at CrossKeys Systems, TeleSat Mobile Inc., and Newbridge Networks. Currently, Andrea is a member of the Queen’s Innovation Connector Advisory Board. Baptiste holds a BA Sc (Honours, Applied Science in Electrical Engineering) from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and has achieved accreditation as a Professional Engineer of Ontario. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/981 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T TIM Seminar – Transforming a Desert City into an International Cybersecurity Hub and Ecosystem %A Roni Zehavi %K Canada %K collaboration %K cooperation %K cybersecurity %K CyberSpark %K Israel %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 43-45 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/982 %N 4 %1 CyberSpark Roni Zehavi is the CEO of CyberSpark, the industry initiative created to advance research and development of cyber-solutions in Beer-Sheva, Israel. He has more than 10 years of experience in the entrepreneurial hi-tech arena, integrating highly-innovative and multidisciplinary technologies into sellable products. His range of experience includes stewarding ideas through the development process into the marketplace. His most recent company, "To-Be-Education," is creating a platform upon which teachers and students can upload content that can be transformed into dilemma-based learning games with multiple users, facilitating the development of global learners’ communities. An experienced test engineer and pilot from ETPS UK and an Aeronautical Engineer from the Technion, Roni is a well-known expert in the aviation professions, including their operational, methodological, and technological aspects. In 2004, Roni founded Rontal Applications, a leading provider of a 3D-based application for simulations and real-time command-and-control systems. Under his leadership, the company achieved successful results before being acquired by an American corporation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/982 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Transferable Practices for Knowledge Mobilization: Lessons from a Community-Engaged Health Research Study %A Renate Ysseldyk %A Angela Paric %A Tracy Luciani %K challenges %K community engagement %K complex care %K health %K knowledge mobilization %K music %K older adults %X Community-engaged health research can have both immediate and lasting impacts, yet is often plagued with various unknowns and unanticipated delays – this can be especially true in hospital settings with older adults. In this informal case study based on the authors’ collective experiences of an unraveling of the research process, the challenges and issues faced in assessing the health benefits of the “Music & Memory” iPod program in a complex continuing care hospital wing are discussed. Specifically, the lessons learned through the processes of acquiring ethical approval to work with a particularly vulnerable population, of effectively measuring the benefits of the program, and of the day-to-day logistical issues are recounted, with suggestions for overcoming these challenges through transferable practices for working with vulnerable or older adults and mobilizing the knowledge gained. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 46-52 %8 09/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1019 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Renate Ysseldyk, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Sciences at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her research focuses on social determinants of health among potentially vulnerable populations (e.g., older adults, women who have experienced abuse, individuals who have experienced discrimination). She is interested in the influence of psychosocial factors, and especially particular social group identities (e.g., as a caregiver, a woman, or a person of religious faith), on coping with stressful experiences. Her most recent line of inquiry investigates the identity-affirming effects of music on health and well-being. %2 Carleton University Angela Paric is a PhD student in Neuroscience at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is researching the effects of social activities on health and well-being among older adults by measuring changes and associations among various psychosocial (e.g., group identity, emotional traits, life satisfaction) and biological variables (e.g., telomere length, genetic factors). She assesses various social interventions, particularly artistic programs, conducting both quantitative and qualitative studies in collaboration with several community partners within Ottawa. %3 Bruyère Continuing Care Tracy Luciani, PhD, is a Knowledge Broker within Bruyère Continuing Care in Ottawa, Canada, focusing on improving the quality of life of residents living in long-term care. She does this by developing and coordinating relevant, timely, and practical tools and resources for long-term care homes, health planners, and academics. She is also the President of Artswell, a community arts charity that promotes wellness among vulnerable populations by using the arts. A graduate of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto, Canada, in adult education and community development, Tracy brings the arts into everything she does. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1019 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Underground Innovation: How to Encourage Bootlegging Employees to Disclose Their Good Ideas %A Kamal Sakhdari %A Erfan Jalali Bidakhavidi %K bootlegging %K corporate entrepreneurship %K hidden ideas %K innovation %K qualitative research method %K R&D departments %X Employees are increasingly considered as the origin of many corporate entrepreneurial ideas. Research on “bootlegging” posits that individuals often resort to hidden activities to elaborate their initial ideas and bring them to fruition. The origins and causes of bootlegging behaviour are well argued in the literature. Yet, less is known about what drives bootleggers to uncover their hidden ideas. This research uses field data from in-depth interviews with innovators in R&D departments in different industries of Iran to identify factors stimulating bootleggers to reveal their underground ideas. We identified five groups of factors at individual, managerial, firm, industrial, and idea levels, explaining the revealing stage of bootlegging behaviour. The findings provide a better understanding of the later phases of bootlegging behaviour and the possible role of context-specific factors such as cultural and religious beliefs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-12 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/970 %N 3 %1 University of Tehran Kamal Sakhdari is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Entrepreneurship at the University of Tehran, Iran. He received his PhD in Business and Entrepreneurship from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. His main research interests are corporate entrepreneurship, innovation management, institutional theory, and international business. He is also a member of the Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research (ACE) at the QUT Business School. %2 University of Tehran Erfan Jalali Bidakhavidi holds a Master's degree in Entrepreneurship from the Faculty of Entrepreneurship at the University of Tehran, Iran. His main research interests are corporate entrepreneurship, innovation management, and organizational behaviour. He has been working in the telecommunication industry for several years, and is now conducting a research project on bootlegging behaviour focusing on cultural and institutional factors. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/970 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Urban Living Labs for Sustainability in Suburbs in Need of Modernization and Social Uplift %A Katarina Buhr %A Maija Federley %A Anja Karlsson %K city %K Living lab %K suburb %K sustainability %K urban %X A number of urban living labs have been set up in recent years, with the aim of developing innovation processes within a multi-stakeholder partnership in an urban context. Several urban living labs focus on sustainable development, which is a visible and urgent issue in less valued suburbs in need of modernization and social uplift. We argue that, when applying the living labs approach in the context of sustainable development in suburbs, the primary focus should be society’s collective goals, as expressed through municipalities and users. The aim of this article is to show examples of how urban living labs can be applied in less valued suburbs in order to contribute to sustainability based on societal goals. We build on analyses from the research project SubUrbanLab, where urban living labs were set up in Alby and Peltosaari, two suburban areas in Sweden and Finland, respectively. We draw lessons regarding how to use urban living labs for sustainable development in order to create favourable conditions for ongoing engagement with the municipality and users towards long-term sustainability. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 27-34 %8 01/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/958 %N 1 %1 IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Katarina Buhr is a Social Scientist at IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute. She holds a PhD in Business Administration (Organization and Management) from Uppsala University in Sweden and has been a post-doctoral researcher at Linköping University in Sweden. She has worked in several research projects related to urban sustainable development and has published widely on policy processes and public engagement in the environmental and sustainability field. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in the evaluation and scientific writing activities for the urban living labs in Alby, Sweden. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Maija Federley is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She holds a Master of Science degree in technology from Helsinki University of Technology (currently Aalto University) in Finland. She has worked in several research projects related to co-development of digital services and environmental sustainability communication in stakeholder networks. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in designing and observing all urban living labs in Peltosaari, Finland, with a special interest in participatory methods and development of urban living lab practices and evaluation. %3 IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute Anja Karlsson has worked at IVL Swedish Environment Research Institute since 2011. She holds a BSc in Political Science and Environmental Science from Gothenburg University, Sweden and an MSc from Uppsala University, Sweden. Her studies have focused on stakeholder and public participation in local and national decision making. She has worked in research projects related to sustainable development in urban areas, focusing on social sustainability and the involvement of residents and other stakeholders in urban development. In SubUrbanLab, she was particularly involved in the urban living labs in Alby, Sweden, and the evaluation of the urban living labs. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/958 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Value Network Design for Innovations: Developing Alternative Value Network Drafts %A Martin Kage %A Marvin Drewel %A Jürgen Gausemeier %A Marcel Schneider %K innovations %K inter-company collaboration %K Internet of Things %K value networks %X Information technology increasingly permeates established products and services, thereby making them "smart". For companies, this trend necessitates new know-how in unknown fields. Hence, traditional manufacturing companies are increasingly forced to cooperate with new players within new value networks. In contradiction to value chains, value networks oftentimes exhibit no clear hierarchies and are characterized by rather weak ties between the participating players. For a company that wants to create smart products or services, the key challenge is arranging the value network such that the customer obtains a unique value while all participants profit from their engagement. In doing so, companies have to find new partners (companies, research institutes, etc.). In this article, we present a methodology to design value networks for innovations, including approaches to identify necessary competences, find suitable partners, and bundle them to powerful alternative value networks. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 21-33 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1002 %N 7 %1 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Martin Kage is a Research Assistant in the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering group at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Germany. His research focus is the potential analysis of disruptive technologies, especially additive manufacturing and the strategic design of value networks. He holds an MSc in Industrial Engineering and Management from the University of Paderborn, Germany. His PhD thesis focuses on value networks as a strategic management instrument. %2 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Marvin Drewel is a Research Assistant in the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering group at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute in Germany. His research focus is strategic product planning in the context of the Internet of Things. He holds an MSc in Industrial Engineering and Management from the University of Paderborn, Germany. %3 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Jürgen Gausemeier is a Senior Professor at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany. His key activities are strategic product planning and systems engineering. He was speaker of the Collaborative Research Centre 614 "Self-Optimizing Concepts and Structures in Mechanical Engineering" by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and member of the German Council of Science and Humanities from 2009 until 2015. Jürgen is the initiator and chairman of the Supervisory Board of the consultant company UNITY AG. Since 2003, he has been member of “acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering” and has been its Vice President since 2012. He is also Chairman of the Board of the Leading-Edge Cluster "Intelligente Technische Systeme Ostwestfalen-Lippe (it's OWL)”, which was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. %4 Heinz Nixdorf Institute Marcel Schneider is a Research Assistant in the Strategic Product Planning and Systems Engineering group at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the University of Paderborn, Germany, as well as the Fraunhofer IEM (Department of Product Engineering). He studied Industrial Engineering and Management at the University of Paderborn, Germany. His focus is on the design of value networks, the operationalization of business models, and the digital factory. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1002 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Weighing the Pros and Cons of Engaging in Open Innovation %A André Ullrich %A Gergana Vladova %K benefits %K entrepreneurship %K Open innovation %K open innovation participation %K risks %K self-assessment tool %K SMEs %X The positive aspects of open innovation projects are widely discussed in innovation management research and practice by means of case studies and best practices. However, enterprises, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also face miscellaneous challenges in open innovation practice, leading to uncertainty and even renunciation of open innovation project participation. Thus, it is essential for SMEs to find the right balance between possible positive effects and negative consequences – the latter being the less studied “dark sides” of open innovation. However, appropriate methods of finding this balance are still lacking. In this article, we discuss the assessment of open innovation project participation by presenting a weighing and decision process framework as a conceivable solution approach. The framework includes an internal, external, and integrated analysis as well as a recommendation and decision phase. Piece by piece, we investigate the current situation and the innovation goals of the enterprise as an initial point for a decision for or against engaging in open innovation. Furthermore, we discuss the development of a software tool that automatically applies this framework and allows self-assessment by SMEs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 34-40 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/980 %N 4 %1 University of Potsdam André Ullrich has worked as a Research Assistant and a PhD Candidate at the Chair of Business Informatics with an emphasis on Processes and Systems at the University of Potsdam, Germany, since graduating there with a Diploma in Business Administration in 2011. Currently, his research interests are open innovation processes, employee qualification, the performance capability of indicators for assessing organizations, and change capability research. Furthermore, he continuously moderates creativity workshops regarding turbulences in business environments. He has published several national and international articles in the research areas of change capability, creativity techniques, seasonality’s, and employee qualification. %2 University of Potsdam Gergana Vladova is a Research Assistant and a PhD Candidate at the Chair of Business Informatics with an emphasis on Processes and Systems at the University of Potsdam, Germany. She holds a Master's degree in International Economic Relations from the University of National and World Economy in Sofia, Bulgaria, and a Magister degree from the Freie Universitît Berlin, Germany. She has been working within diverse research projects, and she lectures graduate courses and seminars in the field of knowledge management. Her main fields of research are corporate communication and culture, knowledge management, product counterfeiting, and open innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/980 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Why National Culture Should Be at the Heart of Innovation Management %A Tony Smale %K creativity %K implementation %K initiation %K innovation %K national culture %X Over a period of decades, a substantial body of knowledge has accumulated that correlates national culture and socially and economically important behaviour, including innovation practice. National culture is an interconnected web of mental models that is shared by national groups and transcends the individual. It is highly influential in moderating the cognition and behaviour of groups and individuals. Different resources, including cognition and behaviour, are required at the different stages of the innovation process, and the context, including national culture (within which innovation is practiced), is an important consideration in designing strategy. Because innovation is a psychological and social process, understanding how national culture moderates that cognition and behaviour within the different stages of the innovation process and how the wider innovation ecosystem impacts innovation practice is central to understanding, strategizing and managing the innovation process. However, there has been limited application of this knowledge by practitioners. Therefore, this article examines the importance of national culture from a practitioner perspective, distilling the managerial implications and providing a list of questions that serve as a checklist to enable practitioners to analyze the implications of their own national and organizational context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 18-25 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/978 %N 4 %1 Forté Management Tony Smale is a Principal Management Consultant with Forté Management, an independent thinking New Zealand business, consulting, coaching, and training practice. Tony began life as a laboratory scientist and manager. He holds an MBA from Henley Business School at the University of Reading, United Kingdom, and is accredited as an Economic Development Professional. Tony’s MBA dissertation was entitled The Impact of National Culture on New Zealand’s Innovation Outcomes. Since then, he has complemented that work by nearly a decade exposing and testing the arguments in the dissertation with innovation, management, and economic development professionals across many nations and especially working with them to explain and reconcile the dilemmas and conflicts that they encounter in their work and personal lives, both living and working in their home countries and especially as immigrants in foreign cultures. He is an experienced speaker and has completed a number of international engagements including at the UNFCCC, the OECD LEED Forum, and subsequently serving on an OECD Expert Panel. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/978 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T 3D Printing and Its Disruptive Impacts on Supply Chains of the Future %A Sebastian Mohr %A Omera Khan %K 3D printing %K additive manufacturing %K disruptive innovation %K logistics %K supply chain %X 3D printing technology has emerged as one of the most disruptive innovations to impact the global supply chain and logistics industry. The technology is impacting our personal and professional lives, with some claiming that the technology will revolutionize and replace existing manufacturing technologies, while others argue that the technology merely enhances some aspects of the production process. Whether evolutionary or revolutionary, 3D printing technology is recognized as a striking trend that will significantly impact supply chains. Although the expansion of 3D printing in the private consumer market is an interesting development in its own right, the biggest potential for disruption lies in industrial applications and how 3D printing will influence supply chains of the future. In this article, we examine the areas of the supply chain most likely to be disrupted by 3D printing technology and we identify the key questions that must be answered in a roadmap for future research and practice. While we seek answers to these questions, we suggest that managers should develop a flexible change management strategy to mitigate the effects of disruption to their future supply chains and take advantage of the resulting opportunities. Those that do nothing will be left wanting, because the influence of 3D printing technology on supply chains is expected to grow. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 20-25 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/942 %N 11 %1 Technical University of Denmark Sebastian Mohr is a management consultant specializing in procurement and supply chain management with an educational background in operations research and mathematical modelling from the Technical University of Denmark. His focus area is supply chain and procurement optimization, and in this context, he has a broad experience working on projects in various industries across Denmark and Germany. His main area of research revolves around the impact of future technology on supply chains and supply chain management. %2 Technical University of Denmark Omera Khan is a Full Professor of Operations Management at the Technical University of Denmark. She works with leading organizations on a range of supply chain and logistics issues and is advisor to many universities developing courses in logistics, supply chains, and operations management. She has led and conducted research projects commissioned by government agencies, research councils, and companies in supply chain resilience, responsiveness, sustainability, and the impact of product design on the supply chain. Her latest area of research focuses on cyber-risk and resilience in the supply chain and the impact of emerging technologies on supply chains of the future. Omera is an advisor to many organizations and provides specialist consultancy in supply chain risk management. She is a highly acclaimed presenter and is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at global conferences and corporate events. She has published her research in leading journals, contributed to several book chapters, and is lead author of Handbook for Supply Chain Risk Management: Case Studies, Effective Practices and Emerging Trends. She founded and was Chair of the Supply Chain Risk and Resilience Research Club and the Product Design and Supply Chain Special Interest Group. Omera is a Chartered Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport and a Fellow of the Institute of Operations Management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/942 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Agile New Service Development in an Interdisciplinary Context %A Sabrina Cocca %A Ann-Mareen Franke %A Simone Schell %K agile %K engineering and automation %K interdisciplinarity %K KIBS %K knowledge-intensive business services %K life sciences %K new service development %K service engineering %X This article it shows the role of services in a highly interdisciplinary context: promoting cooperation between organizations in the life sciences industry and in the engineering and automation industry. It provides insights on how required offerings of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are developed systematically based on a simple service engineering process model. In addition to the content-related view of new service development, findings from a meta-view are presented. Cooperating researchers and practitioners in the new-service development process observed their own collaboration and how the applied service engineering model had to be modified dynamically to the requirements of the use case. The results show that an easy-to-use service engineering model in a highly interdisciplinary context has benefits, but success is dependent on the joint efforts of an accordingly interdisciplinary team of engineers and natural scientists; a close communication with the customers both from the life sciences industry and the engineering and automation industry; and a more agile approach. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 33-45 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/872 %N 2 %1 Fraunhofer IAO Sabrina Verena Cocca is Researcher and Project Manager in the Competence Team for New Service Development at Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO in Stuttgart, Germany. She holds a Dipl. rer. com. in Communication Science from the University of Hohenheim, also in Stuttgart, Germany, with a focus on information and communication technology and corporate communications. She has worked on different scientific research projects in the field of green services, user integration in the development of new services, and the integration of service and product lifecycle management. %2 BioRegio STERN Management GmbH Ann-Mareen Franke is a Project Manager at BioRegio STERN Management GmbH, where she assembles cross-industry projects to develop pioneering technologies for efficient production processes for life sciences companies. Dr. Franke studied Biology at the University of Tübingen in Germany, after which she joined the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany. Her work on special issues in carcinogenesis earned her a doctorate at the Faculty of Biosciences at Heidelberg University in 2013. Dr. Franke is a multi-skilled professional with a proven track record of managing complex projects in interdisciplinary environments. %3 BioRegio STERN Management GmbH Simone Schell is a Bio- and Process Technology Engineer at BioRegio STERN Management GmbH, where she uses her interdisciplinary knowledge of science and engineering within the ELSA project to connect the life sciences industry with the automation and engineering sector. This article arose from a portion of her Business Engineering Master's thesis on service development for knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) at Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University in Germany. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/872 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Botnet Takedown Initiatives: A Taxonomy and Performance Model %A Reza Shirazi %K botnet takedowns %K cyber-attacks %K dismantle cybercriminal networks %K disrupt online networks %X Botnets have become one of the fastest-growing threats to the computer systems, assets, data, and capabilities relied upon by individuals and organizations worldwide. Botnet takedown initiatives are complex and as varied as the botnets themselves. However, there is no comprehensive database of botnet takedowns available to researchers and practitioners, nor is there a theoretical model to help predict the success or failure of future takedown initiatives. This article reports on the author's ongoing research that is contributing to both of these challenges and introduces a set of hypotheses relating to the performance of botnet takedown initiatives. In addition to researchers, the article will be of particular interest to personnel in technical, legal, and management functions of organizations interested in improving the quality of their communications and accelerating decision making for the purpose of launching and operating botnet takedown initiatives. It will also be of interest to entrepreneurs who wish to launch and grow cybersecurity ventures that provide solutions to botnet and malware threats. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 15-20 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/862 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Reza Shirazi is an Analyst Programmer at the Canada Revenue Agency, Information Technology Branch. Previously, he worked for various government departments and the private sector. He holds a BSc in Computer Software Engineering from the Islamic Azad University in Tehran, Iran, and an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/862 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Building Cyber-Resilience into Supply Chains %A Adrian Davis %K cyber-resilience %K cybersecurity %K direct suppliers %K indirect suppliers %K information-centric approach %K procurement %K requirements %K resilience %K supply chain %K Tier 1 suppliers %X The article discusses how an organization can adopt an information-centric approach to protect its information shared in one or more supply chains; clearly communicate the expectations it has for a direct (Tier 1) supplier to protect information; and use contracts and measurement to maintain the protection desired. Building on this foundation, the concept of resilience – and that of cyber-resilience – is discussed, and how an information-centric approach can assist in creating a more cyber-resilient supply chain. Finally, the article concludes with five steps an organization can take to improve the protection of its information: i) map the supply chain; ii) build capability; iii) share information and expertise; iv) state requirements across the supply chain using standards, common frameworks, and languages; and v) measure, assess, and audit. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 19-27 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/887 %N 4 %1 (ISC)2 Adrian Davis, PhD, MBA, FBCS CITP, CISSP, heads the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) team for (ISC)2, the global, not-for-profit leader in educating and certifying information security professionals throughout their careers. His role is to deliver the (ISC)2 vision of inspiring a safe and secure cyber-world and its mission of supporting and providing members and constituents with credentials, resources, and leadership to secure information and deliver value to society. Before working for (ISC)2, Adrian delivered practical business solutions to over 360 blue-chip multinational clients for the Information Security Forum. His expertise included: managing information security in supply chains; information security governance and effectiveness; the relationship between information security and business continuity; and possible near-term threats to organizations. Adrian regularly attends and chairs conferences and contributes articles for the press. He also contributed to the development of ISO/IEC 27014: Governance of Information Security and currently acts as a co-editor for ISO/IEC 27036 Information Security in Supplier Relationships, Part 4: Guidelines for Security of Cloud Services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/887 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them %A Katri Valkokari %K business ecosystem %K communities %K conceptual paper %K ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem %K knowledge ecosystem %K logic of action %K man-made ecosystem %K platforms %X In management studies, the ecosystem metaphor is often utilized without clear definition and, thereby, several partially overlapping concepts such as industrial, business, service, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems have been introduced. The purpose of this conceptual article is to go beyond the confusion to define what is meant by different concepts regarding an ecosystem and especially describe the relationships between the three different ecosystem types: business, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems. The article contributes to the literature by describing how the ecosystem types differ in terms of their outcomes, interactions, logic of action, and actor roles. The results show that the three ecosystem types are interconnected from the viewpoint of the ecosystem actor. For practitioners, the article sheds more light on how the rules of the game (i.e., the logic of action) differ in the different types of ecosystems and demonstrates that different models are needed in order to operate in different ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-24 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/919 %N 8 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari works as a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business Ecosystems, Value Chains and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/919 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Challenges in Maritime Cyber-Resilience %A Lars Jensen %K container %K cyber-resilience %K cyber-risk %K CyberKeel %K cybersecurity %K maritime %K terminal %K vessel %X The maritime industry has been shown to be under increasing levels of cyber-attack, with future attacks having the potential to severely disrupt critical infrastructure. The industry lacks a standardized approach to cybersecurity, a national approach will be counterproductive, and a global mandatory standard, while needed, will take a long time to implement. In the shorter term, this article recommends that the industry coalesce around a set of voluntary guidelines in order to reduce the risk profile and increase resilience. To provide context for these recommendations, this article examines the specific characteristics of the maritime industry in relation to cybersecurity. Examples of existing vulnerabilities and reported cyber-attacks demonstrate that the threat is current and real. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 35-39 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/889 %N 4 %1 CyberKeel Lars Jensen is CEO and Co-Founder of CyberKeel, an international maritime cybersecurity company based in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is a recognized global expert in container shipping markets, having worked initially working for Maersk Line, where he was responsible for global intelligence and analysis as well as e-Commerce. In 2011, he founded SeaIntel Maritime Analysis, and he is currently the CEO of SeaIntel Consulting in addition to being CEO of CyberKeel. He holds a PhD in Theoretical Physics from the University of Copenhagen, and he has received strategy and leadership training from the London Business School and the Copenhagen Business School. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/889 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Cities as Collaborative Innovation Platforms %A Taina Tukiainen %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K collaborative innovation %K creative citizen %K industry %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K smart city %X In this article, we focus on the role of a city as an orchestrator for innovation. We argue that cities should establish active dialogue with their citizens, and private and public sectors actors to co-create, develop, test, and offer service innovations that utilize diverse sets of platforms such as living labs. Our research contributes to the discussions of open and user innovations from the perspective of cities as communities that involve and integrate citizens and companies to collaborative innovation activities. While acknowledging that cities are platforms for simultaneous and divergent innovation initiatives, we identify four principal types of collaborative innovation. Cities serve as platforms for: i) improving everyday life; ii) conducting consumer and citizen experiments; iii) experimenting and implementing new technologies and services; and iv) creating new innovations and economies. Finally, we offer guidelines for fostering collaborative innovation activities between the public and private sectors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 16-23 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/933 %N 10 %1 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is a Senior Researcher at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland, and she is a Cabinet Member of the President of the European Union Committee of the Regions (CoR). She has worked for over 20 years within industry and universities and for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation as a senior manager, and she has worked on various projects with international university and industry collaboration. She was, until 2014, Director of Digibusiness Finland. Her research interest is strategic research including innovation, technology management, and entrepreneurship. Taina's doctoral dissertation was The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and the topic of her latest book was The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014). She has recently published papers in Organization Science and MIT Sloan Management Review. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology, now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/933 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The City as Living Laboratory: Empowering Citizens with the Citadel Toolkit %A Carina Veeckman %A Shenja van der Graaf %K citizen involvement %K Living lab %K open government data %K smart city %K toolkit %X Lately, the concept of smart cities has been changing from a top-down and mostly technological-driven approach, towards a bottom-up process that facilitates participation and collaboration among city stakeholders. In this latter respect, the city is an ecosystem in which smart applications, open government data, and new modes of participation are fostering innovation. However, detailed analyses on how to manage bottom-up smart city initiatives, as well as descriptions of underlying challenges and barriers, are still scarce. Therefore, this article investigates four collaborative smart city initiatives in Europe to learn how cities can optimize citizen involvement in the context of public sector innovation. The analytical framework focuses on the different stakeholder roles in the ecosystem and the civic capacities to participate in the innovation process. The findings illustrate how more inclusive citizen involvement can be realized by providing different tools that align with the specific capacities and skills of the citizens. Furthermore, through specified workshop formats and peer learning, citizens lacking technical skills were also enabled to participate in the evolution of their cities, and to generate solutions from which both the city and everyday urban life can possibly benefit. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-17 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/877 %N 3 %1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform, which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, measuring related impact and outcomes, and monitoring the willingness to share personal data when using these applications. Currently, she manages and conducts user research in the following smart city projects: Citadel on the Move (2012–2015), Open Transport Net (2014–2016), and the European Cloud Marketplace for Intelligent Mobility (ECIM) (2014–2016). %2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel Shenja van der Graaf (PhD, LSE) heads the Code, Commodification & the City (Digital Cities) cluster at iMinds-SMIT at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. She is a researcher at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the United Kingdom, an honorary fellow at MIT Media Lab ID³ Hub in the United States, and a Futures of Entertainment fellow, also in the United States. Her current work is concerned with social, economic, and policy issues arising from innovations associated with the ICT. Specific lines of inquiry include the integration of new technologies into society; management of technological innovation in firms, cities, and communities; (new) media users and "cultures of expertise"; mediation of social and economic life, theoretical perspectives; and cybersecurity. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/877 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Contextuality and Co-Creation Matter: A Qualitative Case Study Comparison of Living Lab Concepts in Urban Research %A Yvonne Franz %A Karin Tausz %A Sarah-Kristin Thiel %K co-creation %K innovation ecosystem %K participation %K social innovation %K urban living labs %X Innovation development is key to transforming a product-based economy into an innovative service economy by integrating users as co-creators in real-life environments. User co-creation and user involvement are key elements in living labs. Urban living labs add not only the urban component to the conceptual design, but also societal, political, and technological questions. Fields of analysis in urban research relate to socio-spatial environment, living together, and urban policies. The leading question of this article is: to what extent can urban living labs be used as an instrument to support these fields of investigation? Comparing three different approaches for urban living labs, ranging from socially-centred to more technology-centred, we offer a more nuanced understanding of urban living lab design in diverging research contexts. All three case studies manage to go beyond testing and improving new products, which is normally the aim of existing living labs, by embedding innovation in appropriate social, structural, and institutional frameworks, and targeting civil society involvement. The community benefits from this case study comparison because it contextualizes living labs as research methodology to be applied in future urban research projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 48-55 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/952 %N 12 %1 Institute for Urban and Regional Research Yvonne Franz is a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute for Urban and Regional Research within the Austrian Academy of Sciences. She studied Economics and Geography at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, the University of Cologne, and the University of Vienna, and she received her PhD on gentrification processes in New York City, Berlin, and Vienna in 2013. She is now involved in two JPI Urban Europe projects dealing with gentrification processes (Practices and Policies for Neighbourhood Improvement: Towards Gentrification 2.0) and interethnic coexistence (ICEC - Interethnic Coexistence in European Cities) that includes the urban living lab approach. She is a lecturer at University of Vienna and co-organizer of the Vienna Summer School in Urban Studies. %2 AustriaTech Karin Tausz is Head of Innovation & E-Mobility at AustriaTech. She received a Master’s degree in economics from the University of Vienna, Austria. Her experience includes policy consulting and innovation management for urban mobility, ITS and e-mobility, addressing public authorities, and companies. She was previously research coordinator at the Mobility Department of the applied science organisation AIT. She has been active for over 20 years in regional and urban development as a project manager, evaluator, and consultant with an emphasis on public participation, transport, and governance. %3 Telecommunications Research Centre Wien Sarah-Kristin Thiel is a Project Manager at the Telecommunications Research Centre Wien and is pursuing a PhD from the University of Salzburg. In her thesis, she investigates the influence of game-inspired elements in civic engagement platforms. She received a Master’s degree in Media Informatics from Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany. During her studies, she has gained experience in the automotive industry, human–machine interaction, and mobile development. Her research interests include (mobile) human–computer interaction, interaction design, and technology in society. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/952 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Creativity Canvas: A Business Model for Knowledge and Idea Management %A Raouf Naggar %K business model %K business model canvas %K communities %K creativity %K ecosystem %K ideas %K knowledge %K R&D %K research institute %K technological innovation %X Innovation depends on ideas generated through creativity and the knowledge and research that make it possible to put ideas to work. However, these two activities are very dependent on the people who perform them. As demonstrated by a pilot project realized at Hydro-Québec’s research institute (IREQ), any approach that does not take this understanding into account is doomed to failure. This article proposes that what must be developed is a knowledge and idea management system designed as a coherent ecosystem that takes all controlling factors into account and is based on stakeholder interest and preferences. This ecosystem is the result of a meticulous design of each of the elements that must generally be taken into account in a business model. A business model approach includes not only developing a value proposition for knowledge and idea management that suits the target clientele but also a good understanding of the resources and activities required to deliver this value proposition and especially the ways to finance them. Key to the development of such an ecosystem is the creation of fully functional innovation communities, which are responsible for building up and nurturing their ideas and knowledge assets and getting value out of them. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 50-58 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/914 %N 7 %1 IREQ Raouf Naggar is Head of Strategic Development at Hydro-Québec’s Research Institute (IREQ), where he is responsible for strategic innovation and creativity. During his career at Hydro-Québec, he has worked as engineer and as researcher in various fields such as: generation and transmission systems planning, power systems reliability, customer service, energy efficiency, system analysis and management, as well as knowledge engineering. He is presently responsible for the institute’s Strategic Innovation Projects Portfolio, where upstream RDD is performed. He is also in charge of introducing idea management in the organization. Through this role at IREQ, he became an active participant in Mosaic, the Creativity and Innovation Hub at HEC Montréal. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/914 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Cyber-Resilience: A Strategic Approach for Supply Chain Management %A Luca Urciuoli %K cross-border trade %K cyber-resilience %K ICT %K IT %K risk management %K supply chain management %X Risk management and resilience strategies in supply chains have an important role in ensuring business continuity and reliability in a cost-efficient manner. Preventing or recovering from disruptions requires access and analysis of large amounts of data. Yet, given the multiple stakeholders, operations, and environmental contexts in which a global supply chain operates, managing risks and resilience becomes a challenging task. For this reason, information and communication technologies (ICT) are being developed to support managers with tailored tools and services to monitor disruptions, enhance instantaneous communication, and facilitate the quick recovery of supply chains. Hence, the objective of this article is to shed light on managerial strategies to improve the resilience of supply chains and thereby to point out how these could be automated by means of innovative ICT systems. In particular, this article concludes by warning about existing challenges to implementing such systems. If these challenges are not correctly addressed by managers, there is a major risk of further jeopardizing supply chains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 13-18 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/886 %N 4 %1 Zaragoza Logistics Center Luca Urciuoli is an Associate Research Professor in the MIT International Logistics Program within the Zaragoza Logistics Center in Spain, where he teaches and performs research in supply chain network design, supply chain risk, and security management. He holds an MSc degree in Industrial Engineering from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, and a Doctorate in Transportation Security from the Engineering University of Lund, Sweden. He has been working at the research unit of the Volvo group as a project manager developing on-board transport and telematics services. He also led the research of the Cross-border Research Association in Switzerland and collaborated in several FP7 research and consultancy projects, with a focus on topics such as e-Customs, trade facilitation, supply chain security, waste security, and postal security. He is also an editorial board member for the Journal of Transportation Security, and he has published his research in several scientific and practitioner journals. Contact: lurciuoli@zlc.edu.es %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/886 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Cybersecurity and Cyber-Resilient Supply Chains %A Hugh Boyes %K cyber-resilience %K cybersecurity %K risk management %K supply chain %K threat management %X There has been a rapid growth in the use of communications and information technology, whether embedded in products, used to deliver services, or employed to enable integration and automation of increasingly global supply chains. Increased use of information technology introduces a number of cybersecurity risks affecting cyber-resilience of the supply chain, both in terms of the product or service delivered to a customer and supply chain operation. The situation is complicated by factors such as the global sourcing of technology components or software, ownership of the systems in a supply chain, different legal jurisdictions involved, and the extensive use of third parties to deliver critical functionality. This article examines the cyber-resilience issues related to the supply of products, services, and the supply chain infrastructure considering the nature of threats and vulnerabilities and the attributes of cybersecurity. In doing so, it applies a model for cybersecurity that is adapted from the Parkerian hexad to explore the security and trustworthiness facets of supply chain operations that may impact cyber-resilience. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 28-34 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/888 %N 4 %1 University of Warwick Hugh Boyes is a Principal Fellow at WMG at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, where he focuses on cyber-resilience and the cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems. He is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the IET and holds the CISSP credential issued by (ISC)2. Hugh is also the Cyber Security Lead at the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), where he focuses on developing cybersecurity skills initiatives for engineering and technology communities. This work is particularly focused on the design and operation of physical-cyber systems (e.g., industrial control systems, building automation systems). He has written two guidance documents for the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) on cybersecurity in the built environment, and with Alex Luck, is the joint technical author of a BSI publicly available specification (PAS) on security-minded building information modeling, digital built environments, and smart asset management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/888 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Cybersecurity Skills Training: An Attacker-Centric Gamified Approach %A Mackenzie Adams %A Maged Makramalla %K cyber attackers %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneur %K gamification %K training %X Although cybersecurity awareness training for employees is important, it does not provide the necessary skills training required to better protect businesses against cyber-attacks. Businesses need to invest in building cybersecurity skills across all levels of the workforce and leadership. This investment can reduce the financial burden on businesses from cyber-attacks and help maintain consumer confidence in their brands. In this article, we discuss the use of gamification methods that enable all employees and organizational leaders to play the roles of various types of attackers in an effort to reduce the number of successful attacks due to human vulnerability exploits. We combine two separate streams – gamification and entrepreneurial perspectives – for the purpose of building cybersecurity skills while emphasizing a third stream – attacker types (i.e., their resources, knowledge/skills, and motivation) – to create training scenarios. We also define the roles of attackers using various theoretical entrepreneurial perspectives. This article will be of interest to leaders who need to build cybersecurity skills into their workforce cost-effectively; researchers who wish to advance the principles and practices of gamification solutions; and suppliers of solutions to companies that wish to build cybersecurity skills in the workforce and leadership. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-14 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/861 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Mackenzie Adams is a serial entrepreneur, a Senior Technical Communicator, and a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is also a VP/Creative Director at SOMANDA, a consulting company. Over the past 15 years, Mackenzie has worked in a variety of fields ranging from social work to accounting and has used those experiences to develop strong strategic and analytical skills. She is interested in the fields of artificial intelligence and quantum computing, and how they relate to cybersecurity. %2 Carleton University Maged Makramalla is a current graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechatronics Engineering from the German University in Cairo, Egypt. For three years, he has been working as Manager of the Sales and Marketing Department of TREND, a trading and engineering company based in Cairo. His primary research interest lies in the improvement of educational techniques by introducing experiential learning into the regular curriculum while promoting gamification of educational methods. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/861 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T A Design Science Approach to Constructing Critical Infrastructure and Communicating Cybersecurity Risks %A Steven Muegge %A Dan Craigen %K advanced persistent threats %K critical infrastructures %K cybersecurity %K design propositions %K design science %K resilience %X Academics are increasingly examining the approaches individuals and organizations use to construct critical infrastructure and communicate cybersecurity risks. Recent studies conclude that owners and operators of critical infrastructures, as well as governments, do not disclose reliable information related to cybersecurity risks and that cybersecurity specialists manipulate cognitive limitations to overdramatize and oversimplify cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. This article applies a design science perspective to the challenge of securing critical infrastructure by developing a process anchored around evidence-based design principles. The proposed process is expected to enable learning across critical infrastructures, improve the way risks to critical infrastructure are communicated, and improve the quality of the responses to citizens’ demands for their governments to collect, validate, and disseminate reliable information on cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. These results will be of interest to the general public, vulnerable populations, owners and operators of critical infrastructures, and various levels of governments worldwide. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-16 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/902 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches and leads a research program within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include technology entrepreneurship and commercialization, non-traditional settings for innovation and entrepreneurship (business ecosystems, communities, platforms, and interconnected systems that combine these elements), and business models of technology entrepreneurs (especially in non-traditional settings). %2 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada and a Visiting Scholar at the Technology Innovation Management Program of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/902 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Disrupting the Disrupter: Strategic Countermeasures to Attack the Business Model of a Coercive Patent-Holding Firm %A Derek Smith %K business model %K business model framework %K coercive patent holder %K countermeasures %K intellectual property %K non-practicing entity %K NPE %K patent %K patent arsenal %K patent office policy %K patent shark %K patent troll %X A coercive patent-holding firm operates a business model that strategically targets firms to force unforeseen patent licensing rents. Coercive patent holders use aggressive litigation tactics to instantaneously create a complicated asymmetrical expensive problem with significant business risk. The strategy creates a dominant position by leveraging legal and business pressure to force the targeted firm into an involuntarily engagement with a coercive patent-holding firm. Such engagements can be quite profitable for the patent holders – and quite devastating for targeted firms. Thus, this article attempts to synthesize a business model framework that reveals insights concerning the profit formula, key resources, and key processes that support the dominant position of coercive patent-holding firms. Based on this framework, we further synthesize countermeasures to disrupt these business model elements and diminish the dominant position. The insights and countermeasures reveal strategic options and tactics that can be leveraged against the business model of a coercive patent-holding firm to alter the dominant position and improve the business situation of the targeted firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-16 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/894 %N 5 %1 Geotab Inc. Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He is also the Vice President of Intellectual Property for Geotab Inc. and a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. He has over 25 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada, and Husky Injection Molding Systems, where he was Director of Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada, where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, for which he was awarded a Senate Medal for Outstanding Academic Achievement. Derek also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering, also from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/894 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Do Actions Matter More than Resources? A Signalling Theory Perspective on the Technology Entrepreneurship Process %A Ferran Giones %A Francesc Miralles %K market signals %K opportunity exploitation %K opportunity exploration %K signalling theory %K social capital signals %K technology entrepreneurship %K technology signals %X This article studies how technology-based entrepreneurs manage to transform their ideas into viable businesses, regardless of their resource limitations and the complexity and dynamics of technology-intense contexts. To describe how entrepreneurs unlock the value proposition that makes a technology useful, we adopt a set of lenses that allow us to view what happens on both sides of the market. In this context, we need to look beyond the resources to explain the weight that entrepreneur’s actions carry on the technology entrepreneurship process. In this article, we use a multiple case study on three new technology-based firms to explore how their actions can be interpreted as valuable market signals. The results suggest that entrepreneurs strategically use market, technology, and social capital signalling to mitigate uncertainty and advance in the technology entrepreneurship process. This research holds implications for academic research on the integration of resource and demand-side views, as well as for entrepreneurs and practitioners interested in understanding the impact of visible actions in the early stages of a new technology-based venture. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 39-45 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/880 %N 3 %1 Ramon Llull University Ferran Giones is a Research Assistant at La Salle Innova Institute – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. He has Bachelors and Masters degree in Business Administration from ESADE Business School in Barcelona. Ferran’s professional background is in management consulting and international business-operations development. His academic research is in the areas of entrepreneurship and innovation, studying how entrepreneurs' ventures emerge in dynamic environments. %2 Ramon Llull University Francesc Miralles is the Dean of La Salle Campus Barcelona – Ramon Llull University (La Salle – URL) in Barcelona, Spain, where he is also Professor of Information Systems, Innovation Management, and Research Methods. He has a PhD from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona and an MBA from ESADE, also in Barcelona. Before joining La Salle – URL, he was Executive Director of the Information Society Observatory of Catalonia (FOBSIC), and Professor and Dean at the University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona. He has also held management positions in several organizations. His current research interests are in the area of information technologies management, innovation management, and entrepreneurship %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/880 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: 100th Issue (November 2015) %A Chris McPhee %K 3D printing %K born-global firms %K collaborative innovation %K cybersafety %K cybersecurity %K cyberspace %K future research %K innovation %K lean global startups %K lean startups %K management %K Open innovation %K social innovation %K supply chains %K technology %K technology innovation management review %K TIM Review %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/939 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/939 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Creativity in Innovation (July 2015) %A Chris McPhee %K creativity %K ideation %K innovation %K knowledge %K leadership %K management %K processes %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/908 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/908 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Critical Infrastructures and Cybersecurity (June 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Dan Craigen %A Steven Muegge %K botnet %K club theory %K critical infrastructure %K cybersecurity %K design principles %K design science %K healthcare %K networked medical devices %K project management maturity model %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-5 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/901 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada and a Visiting Scholar at the Technology Innovation Management Program of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University. %3 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches and leads a research program within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include technology entrepreneurship and commercialization, non-traditional settings for innovation and entrepreneurship (business ecosystems, communities, platforms, and interconnected systems that combine these elements), and business models of technology entrepreneurs (especially in non-traditional settings). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/901 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Cyber-Resilience in Supply Chains (April 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Omera Khan %K cyber-attacks %K cyber-resilience %K cyber-risk %K cybersecurity %K resilience %K supply chains %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-5 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/884 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. He holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. Chris has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Technical University of Denmark Omera Khan is a Full Professor of Operations Management at the Technical University of Denmark. She works with leading organizations on a range of supply chain and logistics issues and is advisor to many universities developing courses in logistics, supply chains, and operations management. She has led and conducted research projects commissioned by government agencies, research councils, and companies in supply chain resilience, responsiveness, sustainability, and the impact of product design on the supply chain. Her latest area of research focuses on cyber-risk and resilience in the supply chain. Omera is an advisor to many organizations and provides specialist consultancy in supply chain risk management. She is a highly acclaimed presenter and is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at global conferences and corporate events. She has published her research in leading journals, contributed to several book chapters, and is lead author of Handbook for Supply Chain Risk Management: Case Studies, Effective Practices and Emerging Trends. She founded and was Chair of the Supply Chain Risk and Resilience Research Club and the Product Design and Supply Chain Special Interest Group. She has also been a visiting professor at a number of leading business schools. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/884 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (January 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K automotive manufacturing %K botnet takedowns %K botnets %K commercialization %K critical infrastructure %K cyber-attacks %K cybersecurity %K employee training %K gamification %K Internet %K outsourcing %K quantum key distribution %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/860 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/860 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Innovation Tools and Techniques (March 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Brendan Galbraith %A Nadia Noori %K innovation %K lean %K living labs %K management %K processes %K project management %K risk %K signalling %K smart cities %K systems engineering %K techniques %K technology entrepreneurship %K tools %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-5 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/876 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Ulster University Business School Brendan Galbraith is a Senior Lecturer at the Ulster University Business School in Northern Ireland. Brendan has led national and prestigious European research and innovation projects with a combined value of more than £4 million and his work has been presented in the European Commission, European Parliament, Northern Ireland Assembly and a wide range of national media outlets including the BBC. Brendan’s research has appeared in R&D Management, Technovation, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, and the International Journal of Operations and Productions Management. Brendan is the Book Reviews Editor for Technology Analysis and Strategic Management and has served on the European Network of Living Labs Leadership Portfolio Group. %3 La Salle Universitat Ramon Llull Nadia Noori is a Researcher and PhD Candidate at the Fundación Privada Universidad Y Tecnología – FUNITEC La Salle Universitat Ramon Llull in Barcelona, Spain. She started her PhD in Crisis Management Networks in 2013 as part of the Marie Curie – ITN project. Her research work in crisis management is in the area of organizational collaboration and coordination complex networks. She holds BSc and MSc degrees in Computer and Control Engineering from Baghdad University, Iraq, and an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Before commencing her PhD studies, Nadia was a Platforms and Product Manager at Coral CEA, a Canadian not-for-profit organization and open innovation network focused on building platform-based ecosystems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/876 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Insights (August 2015) %A Chris McPhee %K business ecosystems %K developing countries %K drawing %K enterprise gamification %K innovation ecosystems; public–private innovation networks; women entrepreneurship %K knowledge ecosystems %K poverty alleviation %K strategy communication %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/917 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/917 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Insights (May 2015) %A Chris McPhee %K business ecosystems %K cybersecurity %K Innovation management %K Internet of Things %K non-practicing entities %K open source policies %K open source software %K patent trolls %K social innovation %K transformative innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/893 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/893 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Insights (September 2015) %A Chris McPhee %K cognitive computing %K collaborative design %K competence %K competence-based view %K coordination %K entrepreneurial marketing %K entrepreneurship %K IBM Watson %K innovation activities %K living labs %K Open innovation %K opportunity identification %K user adoption %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-4 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/924 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/924 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Living Labs and User Innovation (December 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Mika Westerlund %A Eelko Huizingh %K business models %K closed innovation %K context %K crowdsourcing %K innovation networks %K living labs %K Open innovation %K spaces and places %K urban living labs %K user innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-5 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/947 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %3 iMinds and Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# University of Groningen Eelko Huizingh is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen in the Netherlands. His academic research focuses on the intersection of innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing, and information technology. He has authored over 300 articles, has edited more than 20 special issues of journals, and has published several textbooks. His consulting activities include support of companies in their strategy and innovation efforts. He is also the Director of Scientific Affairs for the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and the Director of Huizingh Academic Development, through which he has run more than 50 workshops around the world to help both junior and senior academics to publish for career advancement and to attract funding through improved written communication. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/947 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Smart Cities and Regions (October 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Taina Tukiainen %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K collaboration %K ecosystems %K innovation ecosystem %K living laboratories %K living labs %K Open innovation %K regional innovation %K smart cities %K smart regions %K smart specialisation %K smart specialization %K sustainability %K urban capabilities %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-6 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/931 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Aalto University Taina Tukiainen is a Senior Researcher at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland, and she is a Cabinet Member of the President of the European Union Committee of the Regions (CoR). She has worked for over 20 years within industry and universities and for over 10 years at Nokia Corporation as a senior manager, and she has worked on various projects with international university and industry collaboration. She was, until 2014, Director of Digibusiness Finland. Her research interest is strategic research including innovation, technology management, and entrepreneurship. Taina's doctoral dissertation was The Unexpected Benefits of Internal Corporate Ventures: An Empirical Examination of the Consequences of Investment in Corporate Ventures (2004), and the topic of her latest book was The Finnish Startups in Globally Evolving Ecosystems: Value for Finland (2014). She has recently published papers in Organization Science and MIT Sloan Management Review. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology, now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/931 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Editorial: Technology in Service Innovation (February 2015) %A Chris McPhee %A Stephen L. Vargo %A Marja Toivonen %A Risto Rajala %K customer experience %K electronic procurement %K employee-driven innovation %K knowledge-intensive business services %K personal health systems %K service innovation %K system innovation %K technology %K value co-creation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 3-5 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/868 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 University of Hawai’i Stephen L. Vargo is a Shidler Distinguished Professor and Professor of Marketing at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. He has held visiting positions at the Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge, the University of Warwick, Karlstad University, the University of Maryland, Collage Park, and other major universities. He has articles published in the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Journal of Service Research, and other major journals and has been awarded the Harold H. Maynard Award and the AMA/Sheth Foundation Award for his contributions to marketing theory. Thomson-Reuters recently identified him as one of the World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds in economics and business. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre Marja Toivonen is Research Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, her specialty being service innovation and service business models. She is also Adjunct Professor at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Marja has written several articles on service-related topics and been an invited speaker in many international conferences focusing on these topics. She is a council member of the European Association for Research on Services (RESER), and she is a member of the European Union's 2013–2014 High-Level Expert Group on Business Services. %4 Aalto University Risto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Rajala holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University School of Business. His recent research has dealt with management of complex service systems, development of digital services, service innovation, and business model performance. Rajala’s specialties include management of industrial services, collaborative service innovation, knowledge management, and design of digital services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/868 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Emergence of the Lean Global Startup as a New Type of Firm %A Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global firm %K early internationalization %K effectuation theory %K hypothesis-driven entrepreneurship %K international entrepreneurship %K lean and global start-up %K lean and global startup %K lean startup %K technology adoption lifecycle %X This article contributes to the interplay between international entrepreneurship, innovation networks, and early internationalization research by emphasizing the need to conceptualize and introduce a new type of firm: the lean global startup. It discussed two different paths in linking the lean startup and born-global internationalization strategies. The first path refers to generic lean startups that have undertaken a rapid internationalization strategy (i.e., lean-to-global startups). The second path refers to startups that have started operating on global scale since their inception and adopted the lean startup approach by seamlessly synergizing their global and lean product development activities. The article emphasizes several aspects that could be used as part of the theoretical foundation for conceptualizing lean global startups as a special new type of firm: i) the emergent nature of their business models, including the challenges of partnership development on a global scale; ii) the inherently relational nature of the global resource allocation processes; iii) the integration of the entrepreneurial, effectuation, and global marketing perspectives; iv) the need to deal with a high degree of uncertainty, including the uncertainty associated with cross-border business operations; and v) linking the ex-ante characteristics of lean startups with the ex-post characteristics of born-global firms in order to develop a technology adoption marketing perspective that considers the “crossing the chasm” process as a successful entry into a global market niche. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 12-19 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/941 %N 11 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik S. Rasmussen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He received his PhD in 2001 from the University of Southern Denmark, focusing on the fast Internationalizing of Danish small and medium-sized firms. His research focuses especially on international entrepreneurship and born-global firms. In recent years, he has particularly focused on studying international entrepreneurs that can avoid domestic path dependence by establishing ventures that, from the beginning, develop routines for a multi-cultural workforce, coordinate resources across nations, and target customers in several geographic places simultaneously. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, global technology entrepreneurship, business model design and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/941 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Establishing New Codes for Creativity through Haute Cuisine: The Case of Ferran Adrià and elBulli %A Ignasi Capdevila %A Patrick Cohendet %A Laurent Simon %K ambidexterity %K creative process %K creativity %K elBulli %K exploitation %K exploration %K Ferran Adrià %K gastronomy %K haute cuisine %K innovation %X Ferran Adrià is one of the most recognized chefs in the world. His restaurant, elBulli, was awarded five times the title of the Best Restaurant in the World. Through an analysis of the last 30 years of the creative journey of elBulli, this contribution highlights that Adrià and his team of chefs succeeded in articulating two different processes: i) a process of creativity that aimed at defining a new “school” of high cuisine and ii) a process of innovation that was expressed by the new gastronomic experiences offered to the (happy few) customers of the restaurant until its closure in 2011. A careful examination of the coupling and decoupling of these two processes shows how they fueled each other, and how the management of the organization (through a specific type of ambidexterity) was conducive to the adequate articulation of the two processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 25-33 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/911 %N 7 %1 Paris School of Business Ignasi Capdevila is an Associate Professor at PSB Paris School of Business in France, and he is a member of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub at HEC Montréal, Canada, where he obtained his PhD. Ignasi also holds three engineer diplomas from Spain and France, in addition to an Executive MBA from ESADE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. His research interests include localized knowledge creation and transfer, and creativity and innovation management in organizations and in urban environments. Prior to his academic career, Ignasi gained twelve years of experience in the automotive industry in Spain, France, Germany, and Sweden, during which time he was responsible for the development of new products and projects. %2 HEC Montréal Patrick Cohendet is a Professor in the Department of International Business at the HEC Montréal business school in Montreal, Canada, where he is also the Co-Director of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub. His research interests include the economics of innovation, knowledge management, and the economics of knowledge and creativity. He is the author of numerous articles and books including La Gestion des connaissances: firmes et communautés de savoir (2006) and The Architectures of Knowledge: Firms, Capabilities and Communities (2004). He was principal investigator of numerous research projects at BETA, a research lab at the University of Strasbourg, France, studying the economic and social impact of new technologies. He has conducted a series of economic studies on innovation for different firms and organizations, notably for the European Commission, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and the European Space Agency. %3 HEC Montréal Laurent Simon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the HEC Montréal business school in Montreal, Canada, where he is also the Co-Director of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub. His current research focuses on characterizing the management of techno-creative projects and the study of creative environments and practices, the management of creative projects, creative communities, "creative cities", and the determinants of creativity in innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/911 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Exploring the Benefits of Integrating Business Model Research within Living Lab Projects %A Olivier Rits %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Pieter Ballon %K business model %K collaboration %K innovation %K living labs %K user research %K value network %K value proposition %X Business model and living lab research both have similar objectives – to maximize the probability of successful market introduction of innovative solutions – be it through different means. Yet, there are still only few studies or reports discussing both, with those studies that do touch the subject staying at a high level. iMinds Living Labs has gained a lot of experience in combined living lab and business model innovation projects and, rather than being competing approaches, our results have shown that these two research methodologies can be complementary, where the combined approach turns out to be more powerful than each individual approach used alone. The goal of this article is to promote the inclusion of business model research in a model of "a living lab as a service" (and vice versa) by explaining the benefits and by introducing a practical framework to implement such combined research tracks based on the experience at iMinds Living Labs over the past few years. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 19-27 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/949 %N 12 %1 iMinds Olivier Rits graduated as an Engineer in Applied Physics from Ghent University in Belgium. Olivier joined Alcatel-Lucent as a business developer where he worked on the go2market strategy for innovative solutions, both on networking and applications. He joined iMinds in 2013, focusing on the intersection between technology, business, and innovation. Olivier leads the business model practice at the iMinds Living Labs, where he is responsible for the methodologies used and providing business support to startups, SMEs, and larger organizations. %2 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman holds a PhD (2015) and Master's degree in Communication Sciences (2003) from Ghent University in Belgium. He joined the research group iMinds – MICT – Ghent University in 2005 and started working at iMinds Living Labs in 2009. Together with his iMinds colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at startups and SMEs, in which he has managed over 50 innovation projects. As a senior researcher, Dimitri is currently responsible for the methodology and academic valorization of living lab projects. He also coordinates a dynamic team of living lab researchers from iMinds – MICT – Ghent University. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. In early 2015, he finished his PhD entitled Bridging the Gap between Open and User Innovation? Exploring the Value of Living Labs as a Means to Structure User Contribution and Manage Distributed Innovation. %3 iMinds Pieter Ballon is the Director of iMinds Living Labs, the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs, and a Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He specializes in business modelling, open innovation, and the mobile telecommunications industry. Formerly, he was senior consultant and team leader at TNO. In 2006–2007, he was the coordinator of the cross issue on business models of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), which united five integrated projects in the European Union's 6th Framework Programme. Pieter holds a PhD in Communication Sciences from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a MA in Modern History from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/949 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Governance Solutions for Wicked Problems: Metropolitan Innovation Ecosystems as Frontrunners to Sustainable Well-Being %A Timo J. Hämäläinen %K cities %K complexity %K governance %K sustainability %K well-being %K wicked problem %X The growing specialization and interdependence of societies as well as their rapid technological and economic transformation have increased the level of uncertainty and complexity in decision making and the role of wicked problems in policy making. This article analyzes the nature and evolution of wicked problems and argues that they stem from the gap between the complexity of the policy problem and the variety of the corresponding governance arrangements. This complexity gap can be closed with new governance solutions that include participation, interaction, and cooperation among stakeholders; collective learning processes; coordination by mutual adjustment and clear systemic direction, decentralization, diversity, and experimentation; and effective measures to overcome system rigidities and development bottlenecks. For several reasons, cities and metropolitan areas provide ideal ecosystems for addressing wicked problems. They have the requisite variety of resources, capabilities and services, physical proximity that facilitates rich face-to-face communication, learning and cooperation, as well as the right scope for producing and experimenting with the necessary public goods and services. The article concludes by arguing that Finland could become a global frontrunner in solving wicked problems in policy making by adopting a strategy of sustainable well-being. This strategy would build on the world-class well-being knowledge within the Finnish welfare state and the rapidly growing international research on subjective well-being and happiness. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 31-41 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/935 %N 10 %1 Sitra Timo Hämäläinen is a Fellow in the Strategy Unit of Sitra, the Finnish Innovation Fund, and he is a Docent (Adjunct Professor) of International Business in the University of Eastern Finland. He has also been a visiting scholar in the OECD, Paris, and the Wilson Center, Washington, DC. He holds an MSc in Marketing from Aalto University (Helsinki School of Economics) in Finland and an MBA and a PhD in International Business from Rutgers University in New Jersey, United States. Timo’s research has focused on organizational strategy and theory, institutional economics, long socio-economic cycles, social and institutional innovation, everyday life and well-being, public-sector governance, as well as innovation and industrial policy. His most recent research projects have centered on the changing nature of well-being in advanced societies, sustainable socio-economic model and the development of new business ecosystems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/935 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Grey Areas Between Open and Closed in Innovation Networks %A Seppo Leminen %A Taija Turunen %A Mika Westerlund %K closedness %K innovation %K innovation network %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K openness %X This study argues that there are different degrees of openness and closedness in innovation activity, and it highlights the need for more research on the "grey areas" between totally open and totally closed innovation, particularly in innovation networks where multiple stakeholders collaborate for innovation. Here, we focus on four key aspects of innovation networks, as characterized by their degrees of openness or closedness: governance, motivation, interaction, and innovation practices. The categorization is based on a review of theory and an empirical analysis of three distinct innovation networks, two of which represent the open living lab model, and one of which exemplifies the traditional closed innovation model. Our results can help managers improve efficiency in innovation networks by better understanding the grey areas between open and closed in innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-18 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/948 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and management in the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, relationships, services and business models in marketing, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, the International Journal of Technology Marketing, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %2 Aalto University Taija Turunen is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies at Aalto University's School of Business in Finland. Taija holds a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Aalto University's School of Science. During her academic career, Taija has managed several research projects in the area of service operations management and service innovation. Before joining academia, Taija worked as a management consultant in the field of industrial service operations. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/948 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Identifying the Challenges in Commercializing High Technology: A Case Study of Quantum Key Distribution Technology %A Anas Al Natsheh %A Saheed A. Gbadegeshin %A Antti Rimpiläinen %A Irna Imamovic-Tokalic %A Andrea Zambrano %K after-sales services %K certification %K challenges %K commercialization %K high technology %K infrastructure %K market size %K quantum key distribution %K standards %K supply chains %X This article examines the challenges in commercializing high technologies successfully and sustainably using quantum key distribution (QKD) technology as a case study. Quantum communication is increasingly relevant to cybersecurity and nanotechnology, which will replace current technologies and change the way we live. To understand how such high technology could be successfully commercialized, we interviewed individuals from four metrology institutions and two international companies. The result revealed that scattered and small markets, supply chain development, technology validation/certification, a lack of available or adequate infrastructure, and after-sales services are the most serious challenges facing successful commercialization of quantum communication technology. To validate these challenges, we conducted a survey of 60 experts, 49 of whom agreed that above-mentioned factors could affect the commercialization success of QKD technology. Likewise, the survey revealed that technical development, customer orientation/awareness, and government regulations could also hinder the commercialization of QKD technology. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 26-36 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/864 %N 1 %1 CEMIS-Oulu Anas Al Natsheh is a Senior Business Advisor at the Centre for Measurement and Information Systems (CEMIS-Oulu) in Oulu, Finland, and he is a Principal Lecturer in Research, Development, and Innovation (RDI) at Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, also in Finland. He is an expert in empirical researches, research valorization, and technology commercialization. He holds a PhD from the University of Kuopio (now the University of Eastern Finland), where his research focused on the applications of nanotechnology. %2 University of Oulu Saheed Adebayo Gbadegeshin is a Project Researcher at the University of Oulu in Finland, and he is a Project Staff member at Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, also in Finland. He holds an MSc degree in Entrepreneurship from the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. His research interests include technology-based entrepreneurship, technology commercialization, and family-run businesses. %3 University of Oulu Antti Rimpiläinen is a Project Researcher at the University of Oulu in Finland and a Project Staff member at Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, also in Finland. He holds an MSc degree in Economics and Business Administration from the University of Oulu in Finland. His research interests include technology-based entrepreneurship, technology commercialization, networking, and international business. %4 University of Oulu Irna Imamovic-Tokalic is a Project Staff member at the Kajaani University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She holds a BSc degree in Macrofinancial Management from the University of Sarajevo, Bosnia. Her research interests include technology commercialization, digital media and marketing, graphic design, and financial management. %# University of Oulu Andrea Zambrano is a Project Researcher at the Kajaani University of Applied Sciences in Finland. She holds a master’s degree in Financial and Management Accounting from the University of Oulu in Finland, and in International Economics from the University of Antwerp in Belgium. Her research interests include financial management, research cooperation with Latin-American regions, and economic impact studies with focuses on benefit-cost analyses, financial analyses, and forecasting. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/864 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Implementation Prerequisites for Electronic Procurement of Services %A Ute Reuter %K digitalization %K electronic procurement %K implementation %K improvement %K process innovation %K procurement %K purchasing %K service management %K service procurement %X Service procurement is a business function of increasing importance and is highly suitable for integration of electronic support, but it suffers from severe research deficits. As yet, implementation prerequisites for electronic procurement of services are obscure and not quantifiable. In this research project, organization, formalization, and specialization of procurement and standardization and strategic importance of the procured services are identified as relevant implementation prerequisites. Measurement models for these prerequisites are established and proven through quantitative empirical research. As such, this article is a major step towards a more rigorous investigation of electronic procurement of services. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 15-23 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/870 %N 2 %1 VWA-University of Extra-Occupational Studies Ute Reuter is Professor of Business Economics, specializing in company management, human resource management, and organization, at VWA-University of Extra-Occupational Studies in Stuttgart, Germany. She holds a doctoral degree from Stuttgart University, Germany, and two diploma degrees: one in Business Economics from Hohenheim University, Germany, and one in Administrative Studies from the Federal University of Business Administration in Bonn, Germany. She researches in the areas of innovation, procurement, service management, digitalization, and company management and is especially interested in topics interlinking these different research areas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/870 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Innovation on the Open Sea: Examining Competence Transfer and Open Innovation in the Design of Offshore Vessels %A Odd Jarl Borch %A Marina Z. Solesvik %K Arctic %K cooperative design %K core competencies %K offshore operations %K Open innovation %K shipbuilding %X In this article, we discuss the role of open innovation in collaborative design processes in mature industries such as the shipping industry. We examine the design of high-tech offshore service vessels in environments characterized by high volatility and complexity. We elaborate on the role that accumulating and sharing core competences plays in speeding up the innovation process and increasing product value. We present a longitudinal case study of a shipping company implementing an open innovation approach that integrates its own core competences in offshore operations with the competences of ship designers and ship builders to develop a new design for challenging environments. In this article, we draw on an open innovation approach and a competence-based view to demonstrate how the firm can "reach out" to gain novel competences related to innovation, which may transform the competitive environment to the firm’s advantage. The article would be useful to innovation scholars and practitioners who work with innovative product development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-22 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/926 %N 9 %1 University of Nordland Odd Jarl Borch is a Professor of Strategy and Business Development at the University of Nordland in Bodø, Norway, and he is a Senior Researcher at Nordland Research Institute, also in Bodø. His research fields include corporate strategy, business development, innovation and entrepreneurship. Odd Jarl has published extensively in national and international journals and has broad teaching experience in addition to his comprehensive academic writings. %2 Stord/Haugesund University College Marina Z. Solesvik is a Professor of Innovation and Management at the Stord/Haugesund University College in Norway. She also holds part-time positions in Norway as Professor at the University of Tromsø, the University of Nordland, and Bergen University College. She is a board member at several Norwegian firms and organizations, including the National Riksteatret in Oslo. Marina holds a PhD in Management from the Graduate Business School at the University of Nordland and a PhD in Entrepreneurship from the Institute of Agrarian Economy in Kiev, Ukraine. Her research interests include regional innovation, open innovation, maritime business, entrepreneurial intentions, female entrepreneurship, strategic alliances, and Arctic research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/926 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Introduction to the Special Issue on Creativity in Innovation %A Patrick Cohendet %A Laurent Simon %K creativity %K ideas %K ideation %K innovation %K management %X Managing creativity for innovation is a key challenge in today’s economy; therefore, the management of ideas will play in increasing role in driving the growth and resilience of organizations. Rather than simple inspired insights, ideas have to be addressed as complex socio-cognitive processes, to be organized and managed. To benefit from the full value of new ideas, management must constantly balance the formal and the informal, the logic of creation and the logic of production, and must learn to couple idea-generation processes and innovation processes through renewed knowledge management practices. In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review's special issue on Creativity in Innovation, the guest editors highlight the need to manage: i) ideation processes to foster creativity, ii) the tension that exists between the logic of creation and production; and iii) disruptive innovation to transform a traditional industry. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-13 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/909 %N 7 %1 HEC Montréal Patrick Cohendet is a Professor in the Department of International Business at the HEC Montréal business school in Montreal, Canada, where he is also the Co-Director of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub. His research interests include the economics of innovation, knowledge management, and the economics of knowledge and creativity. He is the author of numerous articles and books including La Gestion des connaissances: firmes et communautés de savoir (2006) and The Architectures of Knowledge: Firms, Capabilities and Communities (2004). He was principal investigator of numerous research projects at BETA, a research lab at the University of Strasbourg, France, studying the economic and social impact of new technologies. He has conducted a series of economic studies on innovation for different firms and organizations, notably for the European Commission, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and the European Space Agency. %2 HEC Montréal Laurent Simon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the HEC Montréal business school in Montreal, Canada, where he is also the Co-Director of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub. His current research focuses on characterizing the management of techno-creative projects and the study of creative environments and practices, the management of creative projects, creative communities, "creative cities", and the determinants of creativity in innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/909 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Lessons in Creativity from the Innovative Design of the Swatch %A Gilles Garel %K concept %K creativity %K design %K engineering %K innovation %K knowledge %K Swatch %X No space is off-limits to innovation, even those occupied for many years by leading players and proven solutions. The case of the innovative Swatch watch, re-examined in this article with new information and insights, demonstrates that, without knowledge, design is not possible; but, with only knowledge, all we can do is reproduce. Innovation also requires creativity, the introduction of new concepts. Knowledge needs to be associated with unbridled, surprising, and hitherto unknown creativity, as described by the concept-knowledge theory of design. In this article, a new analysis of the well-known but misunderstood case of the Swatch yield lessons about the importance of creativity and knowledge in developing innovative products. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 34-40 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/912 %N 7 %1 Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Gilles Garel is a Full Chair Professor of Innovation Management at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) in Paris, France. He is also Professor at l'École Polytechnique in Palaiseau, France. At the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences de l'Action (LIRSA) at CNAM Paris, Gilles conducts research in the field of innovation and design management in close collaboration with innovative firms and organizations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/912 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Level Up Your Strategy: Towards a Descriptive Framework for Meaningful Enterprise Gamification %A Umar Ruhi %K aesthetics %K behaviour change %K dynamics %K enterprise gamification %K gameful design %K gamification %K human-computer interaction %K mechanics %K persuasive technologies %K user experience %X Gamification initiatives are currently top-of-mind for many organizations seeking to engage their employees in creative ways, improve their productivity, and drive positive behavioural outcomes in their workforce – ultimately leading to positive business outcomes on the whole. Despite its touted benefits, little empirical research has been done to date to investigate technological and individual personal factors that determine the success or failure of enterprise gamification initiatives. In this article, we provide a summary of our preliminary research findings from three case studies of gamification initiatives across different business contexts and present an empirically validated descriptive framework that details the key success factors for enterprise gamification. Our adaptation of the mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics (MDA) framework for enterprise gamification aims to explicate the connections between end-user motivations, interactive gameplay elements, and technology features and functions that constitute effective gamification interventions in the enterprise. Following a discussion of the core elements in the framework and their interrelationships, the implications of our research are presented in the form of guidelines for the management and design of gamification initiatives and applications. The research findings presented in this article can potentially aid in the development of game mechanics that translate into positive user experiences and foster higher levels of employee engagement. Additionally, our research findings provide insights on key success factors for the effective adoption and institutionalization of enterprise gamification initiatives in organizations, and subsequently help them enhance the performance of their employees and drive positive business outcomes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-16 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/918 %N 8 %1 University of Ottawa Umar Ruhi is an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and E-Business Technologies at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa, Canada, and a Research Associate at the IBM Centre for Business Analytics & Performance. His teaching and research interests include end-user computing, knowledge management, social computing, and consumer health informatics. His empirical research projects are predicated upon an interdisciplinary socio-technical perspective of contemporary technology applications and related organizational practices and end-user behaviour. His research projects incorporate the use of behavioural methods as well as design-science research approaches. Umar received his PhD in Information Systems from the DeGroote School of Business at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. His doctoral dissertation won the Best Doctoral Thesis award conferred by the German Society for Online Research (DGOF). Before joining academia on a full-time basis, Umar worked as an information technology professional and a management consultant for a variety of enterprise technology initiatives with various private and public sector organizations. More information about Umar is available at his website: umar.biz %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/918 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Leveraging Living Lab Innovation Processes through Crowdsourcing %A Anna Ståhlbröst %A Josefin Lassinantti %K citizen %K crowdsourcing %K ICT %K innovation process %K Living lab %K user %X Around the globe, crowdsourcing initiatives are emerging and contributing in a diversity of areas, such as in crisis management and product development and to carry out micro-tasks such as translations and transcriptions. The essence of crowdsourcing is to acknowledge that not all the talented people work for you; hence, crowdsourcing brings more perspectives, insights, and visions to, for instance, an innovation process. In this article, we analyze how crowdsourcing can contribute to the different stages of innovation processes carried out in living labs and thus contribute to living labs by strengthening their core role as innovation process facilitators. We have also identified benefits and challenges that need to be grappled with for managers of living labs to make it possible for the crowd to fully support their cause. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 28-36 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/950 %N 12 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as domestic IT use, energy efficiency, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the projects IoT Lab, USEMP, and Privacy Flag, which are financed by the European Commission. Anna has contributed to the field with more than forty journal and conference articles. %2 Luleå University of Technology Josefin Lassinantti is a PhD student in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden, where she received a licentiate degree in 2014. Her research focuses on open data as an arena for citizen innovation and value creation by applying a social constructivist lens and adding theories from the innovation field, thus aiming to contribute to the field of public administration and e-government. In parallel with research, she teaches courses related to design of mobile and computer interactions, with a special interest in maintaining a good balance between acknowledging both the innovative possibilities of new ICT as well as its societal consequences. Josefin is also involved in the IoT Lab project, financed by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/950 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Luxury and Creativity: Exploration, Exploitation, or Preservation? %A Joanne Roberts %A John Armitage %K craftsmanship %K creativity %K innovation %K knowledge %K luxury %X This article considers the role of creativity in the production and delivery of luxury. The concept of creativity is closely aligned to the idea of luxury goods as rare and highly crafted, often unique, objects produced through artistic endeavour. Moreover, some luxuries, such as expensive cars and private jets, require leading-edge design and technologically advanced inputs. Although creativity is essential for the development of new luxury goods and services, this article highlights that some luxuries are timeless and eschew the changes associated with radical creative transformations. Following a brief discussion of the nature of luxury and creativity, a number of examples are employed to illustrate the different roles of creativity in the development and delivery of different types of luxury. The relationship between luxury and creativity is shown to be varied and complex. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 41-49 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/913 %N 7 %1 University of Southampton Joanne Roberts is Professor in Arts and Cultural Management and Director of the Winchester Luxury Research Group at Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Her research interests include knowledge, innovation, creativity, and luxury. Joanne has published articles in a wide range of international journals, including the Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Business Ethics, and Research Policy. Additionally, she has authored and edited a number of books. Her latest sole-authored book is A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Knowledge Management (Sage Publications, 2015). %2 University of Southampton John Armitage is Professor of Media Arts and Co-Director of the Winchester Luxury Research Group at Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. He is currently co-editing Critical Luxury Studies: Art, Design, Media with Joanne Roberts for Edinburgh University Press, and for Bloomsbury he is editing The Luxury Reader/ with Joanne Roberts and Jonathan Faiers and writing Luxury and Visual Culture. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/913 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Making Smart Regions Smarter: Smart Specialization and the Role of Universities in Regional Innovation Ecosystems %A Markku Markkula %A Hank Kune %K innovation %K innovation ecosystems %K quadruple helix %K role of universities %K smart cities %K smart regions %K smart specialisation %K smart specialization %K societal innovation %K triple helix %X What makes a "smart region" smarter? We argue that it is the active orchestration of the regional ecosystem around concepts such as knowledge co-creation and exploitation, opportunity exploration, and capacity building. Simply adding to the proliferation of software developers in the area, stimulating the activities of business clusters around information technology, and providing digitally enabled services for citizens is not enough to make a region smarter. Smartness is enhanced by a well-orchestrated regional innovation ecosystem with a strong "smart specialization strategy" that leverages the new societal roles played by universities. In this article, we describe the European Commission’s program for research and innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) and show how the Helsinki Region in Finland is using smart specialization, ecosystem orchestration, and the active role of universities to enhance regional innovation and the "smartness" of the region. These activities are discussed in the context of policy documents and strategy papers from regional, national, and European authorities, which illustrates some differences between papers and practice. This is work in progress, and based on early results, we draw initial conclusions about how putting policy into practice can make smart regions smarter. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 7-15 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/932 %N 10 %1 European Union Committee of the Regions Markku Markkula is the President of the European Union Committee of the Regions (CoR), where he has been a member since 2010 and Rapporteur on several opinions related to topics such as Europe 2020, digitalization, single markets, as well as research and innovation. His experience includes memberships of several High Level Expert Groups, and he is a member of the EU Smart Specialisation Mirror Group. Markku works within Aalto University as the Advisor to Aalto Presidents, focusing on European Union strategy affairs. His previous work experience includes Directorship of the Lifelong Learning Institute Dipoli and the Secretary General of the International Association for Continuing Engineering Education IACEE. He is a former member of the Finnish Parliament (1995–2003). As an MP, his international role included the Presidency of EPTA Council (European Parliamentary Technology Assessment Network). In the Helsinki Region, he is the Board member of the Regional Council and the chair of the Steering Board, which makes decisions on the use of Structural Funds. He is a longstanding Espoo City Council member, as well as the chair of the City Planning Board. %2 Educore BV Hank Kune is Director of Educore BV, Founding Partner and member of the governing board of the Future Center Alliance, and active member of the New Club of Paris, a global network organization working as agenda developer for knowledge societies, where his focus is on entrepreneurial initiatives and societal innovation coaching. Hank works with diverse corporate and government organizations in projects about societal innovation and renewal, with a special emphasis on hands-on problem solving in complex social, societal, and organizational situations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/932 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T A Method and Tool to Support the Management of Systems Engineering Projects %A Claude Baron %A Philippe Esteban %A Rui Xue %A Daniel Esteve %A Michel Malbert %K collaborative engineering %K decision support %K engineering processes %K project management %K system design %K systems engineering %K systems engineering standards %X Too many industrial projects still fail, mainly due to the managerial techniques used. Indeed, organizational processes are more or less specifically mentioned in systems engineering standards, but in practice, project managers tend to rely more on their own standards, which sometimes set forth practices that do not align with those of the systems engineering domain, hence the reported discrepancies that very often lead to project failure. Thus, we argue that, to improve the companies’ competitiveness when developing new products, cooperation between processes related to system development and project management is key to achieving performance and success. This article presents arguments that tend to support this assertion and introduces an ongoing project to develop both a method and tool that aim to integrate both domains. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 18-28 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/878 %N 3 %1 LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS Claude Baron is a Professor of Computer Sciences at the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) of the University of Toulouse, France. She teaches systems engineering, system design and modelling, and system reliability for real-time and critical embedded software systems in master's programs. Her current research focuses on systems engineering, collaborative engineering, and project management in engineering projects. She develops her research activities in the LAAS-CNRS laboratory in Toulouse. She is the author or co-author of many international articles and several books, and she has received IEEE and INCOSE awards for her work. %2 LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS Philippe Esteban is Associate Professor at the University of Toulouse, France. He conducts his research on systems engineering at the LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS (French National Center for Sciences and Research). He is an expert in the domain of the design and verification of complex and hybrids systems. His predilection domain of application is embedded systems. %3 LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS Rui Xue is a PhD Candidate at LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS (French National Center for Sciences and Research) in Toulouse, France. She received her ME degree in Computer Software and Theory in the year 2012 from Jilin University, China. Her PhD topic is about systems engineering, project management, system modelling, decision processes, and decision engineering. %4 LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS Daniel Esteve is Emeritus Research Director at LAAS Laboratory of the CNRS (French National Center for Sciences and Research) in Toulouse, France. In 1968, he joined the LAAS-CNRS to participate in the development of microelectronics. In 1974, his research work took a new turn towards the management of different programs. In 1981, he was appointed Director of LAAS and later became Head of the Electronics and Computer Sciences Department at the French Ministry of Research and Technology. He is now Emeritus Research Director, and his investigations mainly concern the development of tools and processes needed in the design of complex systems and microsystems. Dr. Esteve has been awarded the CNRS medal of research (1969 and 1976) and the BLONDEL medal. %# Michel Malbert is an entrepreneur and consultant, and he holds a doctorate in Physics from the University of Toulouse. For more than thirty years, he was the CEO and founder of a company involved in applied mathematics. Its main activities were to model and simulate the interaction between elementary particles and matter, and to apply statistical methods to industrial problems. His interests include modelling, simulation, Monte Carlo methods, and others statistical methods. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/878 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Optimizing Innovation with the Lean and Digitize Innovation Process %A Bernardo Nicoletti %K agile innovation %K Innovation management %K lean and digitize %K lean innovation %K lean six sigma %K re-engineering %X Actionable knowledge to improve innovation and bring value to the customers and organizations is essential in today's economy. In the past, there have attempts to apply Lean Thinking and Six Sigma to the innovation processes, with mixed results. The aim of this article is discuss how to improve innovation processes using the Lean and Digitize Innovation process, which integrates digitization into the Lean Six Sigma method. Through the redesign of innovation processes and their automation, the process aims to add value to customers, improve effectiveness, eliminate waste, minimize operating costs, and reduce time-to-market. This new method is characterized by seven stages, or "the 7 Ds" (define, discover, design, develop, digitize, deploy, and diffusion), with 29 steps. This article describes the Lean and Digitize Innovation process and presents cases where the approach has been successful in helping innovation processes from start to end: from the definition of the value for the customers up to the implementation of a prototype and engineering of the delivery processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 29-38 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/879 %N 3 %1 Università di Tor Vergata Bernardo Nicolletti is a Lecturer at the Master in Procurement Management at the Università di Tor Vergata in Rome, Italy. He serves as a Director in Transigma, a strategy consultancy company specialized in process improvements and digitization in financial services with assignments in Europe, USA, and the Middle East. Bernardo has worked with General Electric Capital as Program Manager of a Common Systems and later as Group Chief Technology Officer of GE Money and Acting CIO. He has also been CIO Latin America for AIG UPC. He is a frequent speaker at international conferences and author of books, papers, and blog posts, through which he describes his approaches to synthesizing Lean Six Sigma and automation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/879 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Orchestrators of Innovation-Driven Regional Development: Experiences from the INNOFOKUS Project and Change2020 Programme %A Mervi Rajahonka %A Toni Pienonen %A Riikka Kuusisto %A Jari Handelberg %K agile project development %K experimentation-driven development %K high-impact projects %K orchestrator %K regional development %K regional innovation ecosystem %K smart specialisation %K smart specialization %X The article takes a practical view of regional innovation ecosystems and presents ways to advance more efficient uses of public funding instruments by regional developers. Documenting the views of Finnish regional developers into two workbooks and a toolbox, the results of the INNOFOKUS project and its Change2020 development programme identified that promoting a high-impact project culture and smart specialization in Finland requires a continuous learning and participation process. Key individuals who can make this happen are innovation orchestrators who facilitate activities and compose the big picture. This article aims to bring forth an overview of the building blocks of an enriching and energizing environment and high-impact projects, and it presents an overview of how to enable the work of innovation orchestrators, who play a critical role in facilitating innovation ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 52-62 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/937 %N 10 %1 Aalto University Mervi Rajahonka (D.Sc. (Econ)) works in the Aalto University School of Business Small Business Center (SBC) in Helsinki, Finland, as a project specialist and a researcher working with various research themes such as innovation, impact evaluation, and business and service models in areas such as creative industries, entrepreneurship, and logistics services. Mervi acted as a researcher in the INNOFOKUS project. %2 Business Arena Oy Toni Pienonen is a Project Designer at the Business Arena Oy in Jyväskylä, Finland, where he works on themes related to university–business cooperation, entrepreneurship, and participatory regional development. Toni acted as a facilitator in the INNOFOKUS Change2020 programme and is a co-author of the two programme workbooks. %3 Aalto University Riikka Kuusisto works in the Aalto University School of Business Small Business Center (SBC) in Helsinki, Finland, and he was project manager of the INNOFOKUS project. She has nearly ten years of experience and expertise in innovation and knowledge management systems development. Riikka is also a specialist in e-learning, online collaboration, and online working models. %4 Aalto University Jari Handelberg (D.Sc. (Econ)) is Research Director at the Aalto University School of Business Small Business Center (SBC) in Helsinki, Finland. He has long-term experience in managing EU-funded projects. His research interests focus on entrepreneurship and regional development. Jari was a member of the INNOFOKUS project steering group and was an active participant in the Change2020 programme. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/937 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Organization of Living Labs: Coordinating Activities for Regional Innovation %A Bernhard R. Katzy %A Claudia Bücker %K activities %K co-creation %K ideation %K innovation systems %K living labs %K processes %K venturing %X This article contributes to the ongoing knowledge from the first decade of operating living labs with a study on the coordination of novel innovation activities in living labs. The article provides an organizational model for living labs to order the activities that eventually will allow the conceptualization of living labs as innovation systems, thus giving user involvement a more central role in innovation process theories. This article shows how innovation networks systematically align their activities to reliably achieve their objectives. Next to this interpretivist theoretical contribution, the article contributes relevant practical insights to technology innovation management practitioners based on in-depth living lab cases that exhibit interesting, relevant, and new activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 23-28 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/927 %N 9 %1 Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM) Bernhard Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in the Netherlands. He is also a Co-Founder of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as a car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in Electrical Engineering and Business Management. Bernhard holds a PhD in Industrial Engineering from RWTH Aachen University of Technology, Germany, and a second PhD (Habilitation) in Technology Management from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interests are the entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %2 Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM) Claudia Bücker is Co-Founder and Director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). In this capacity, she has been involved in numerous entrepreneurial innovation activities combining theory and practice. Claudia is an experienced project manager of publicly funded projects and also has been involved in the coaching of privately funded startups. She is a lecturer in the "ICT in Business" program of Leiden University in the Netherlands. She holds a PhD in Biochemistry from RWTH Aachen University of Technology in Germany. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/927 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Personal Health Systems Technologies: Critical Issues in Service Innovation and Diffusion %A Doris Schartinger %A Ian Miles %A Ozcan Saritas %A Effie Amanatidou %A Susanne Giesecke %A Barbara Heller-Schuh %A Laura Pombo-Juarez %A Günter Schreier %K ehealth %K foresight studies %K health and social care %K healthcare %K innovation ecosystem %K mhealth %K personal health systems %K service innovation %K service systems %K stakeholders %K system design %K technology adoption %X Personal health system (PHS) technologies can enhance public and private health service delivery and provide new business opportunities in Europe and around the world. Although much PHS technology has already been developed and could potentially provide virtually everyone with access to personalized healthcare, research driven primarily by a technology push may fail, because it fails to situate PHS within the wider health and social care service systems. In this article, we explore the scattered PHS research and innovation landscape, as well its relevant markets, using several types of analyses: bibliometrics, patent analysis, social network analysis, stakeholder workshops, and interviews. Our analyses aim to identify critical issues in the development and implementation of service systems around PHS technologies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 46-57 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/873 %N 2 %1 Austrian Institute of Technology Doris Schartinger is a Scientist at the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Vienna, Austria. She studied Economics, and her primary focus of research is technological change and economic development. She covered many aspects of innovation processes and diffusion in private manufacturing firms, public organizations, public-private networks, and service innovation. Her recent projects concentrated on innovation in the healthcare service system and intellectual property rights as indicators for innovation. She has been involved in a number of contract research projects for different clients and is experienced in co-ordinating and managing such projects. (See end of article for further author biographies.) %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/873 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Places and Spaces within Living Labs %A Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn %A Carina Ihlström Eriksson %A Anna Ståhlbröst %K influence %K Living lab %K openness %K place %K realism %K space %X In this article, we propose the concepts of places and spaces as conceptual tools to facilitate the organization of innovation activities within living labs. We have taken a pragmatic perspective on these concepts regarding how they are integrated in design situations, and how different types of places and spaces can facilitate or hinder innovation. We have found that, by applying openness, realism, and influence in the different spaces of our living lab milieus, they have transformed into many different places depending on the stakeholders involved, the methods chosen, and the facilitation of activities. Hence, by understanding this line of reasoning, living lab managers can make more informed decisions and plans for innovation activities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 37-47 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/951 %N 12 %1 Luleå University of Technology Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn is Pro-Vice Chancellor and Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Birgitta’s research interests concern design-oriented research focused on participatory design in distributed and open environments; human-centric and appreciative methodologies for design and learning; value-based information systems development; the increasing overlap between stakeholder participation and labour sourcing, and its consequences for value creation and value capture. She has published over 60 articles within these areas, and she has participated in a large number of national and international research projects. %2 Halmstad University Carina Ihlström Eriksson is Associate Professor in Informatics at Halmstad University in Sweden, where she is also the manager of Halmstad Living Lab. Carina’s research interests concerns digital innovation services, user and stakeholder involvement in innovation processes, living labs, value networks, and business models within the application areas of media and health innovation. She has published more than 50 articles within these areas and has managed and participated in numerous research projects. %3 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is an Associate Professor in Information Systems at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she is currently involved in the IoT Lab project financed by the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/951 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. Does a Software Development Firm Need an Open Source Policy? %A Hassib Khanafer %K open source license compliance %K open source management %K security vulnerabilities %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 45-46 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/897 %N 5 %1 Protecode Hassib Khanafer is the Chief Technology Officer at Protecode, a provider of open source license and security management solutions that can be used throughout the software development lifecycle to ensure license compliance. Hassib is a technology enthusiast who has been in the software industry for more than 25 years. His experience spans the domains of network management, OSS license management, financial applications, human resource applications, enterprise collaboration tools, oil and gas maintenance planning applications, e-commerce systems, and software management tools. Prior to joining Protecode, he worked in different positions in Nortel Networks, Siemens, Avaya Inc., and Kuwait Gulf Oil Company. Hassib holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States, and a Master’s degree in Computer Engineering (Software Systems) from Kuwait University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/897 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. How Can I Secure My Digital Supply Chain? %A Richard Wilding %A Malcolm Wheatley %K cyber-crime %K cybersecurity %K intellectual property protection %K IT security management %K supply chain risk %K supply chain security %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 40-43 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/890 %N 4 %1 Cranfield School of Management Richard Wilding OBE is a Full Professor and Chair of Supply Chain Strategy at Cranfield School of Management, England. A European and Chartered Engineer, he is a chartered fellow of the Institute of Engineering and Technology (Manufacturing Division) (FIET), the Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport (FCILT) and the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply (FCIPS). He has published widely in the area of Supply Chain Management and is an editorial advisor to a number of major journals in this area. In recognition of his outstanding achievements in the area of logistics and supply chain management, he was appointed an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2013 New Year Honours, for services to business. %2 Cranfield School of Management Malcolm Wheatley PhD is a visiting fellow at Cranfield School of Management, England. A former management consultant with Price Waterhouse and Deloitte, Haskins & Sells, he has written extensively on manufacturing and supply chain management IT, security and strategy matters. His supply chain security-specific work has appeared in publications such as CIO Magazine, CSO Magazine, The Manufacturer, and Procurement Leaders. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/890 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. In the Innovation Game, Why Do So Many Companies Stay on the Sidelines? %A Katri Valkokari %K co-creation %K co-innovation %K collaboration %K innovation %K lead users %K Open innovation %K open source %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 35-39 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/944 %N 11 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari works as a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business Ecosystems, Value Chains and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/944 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. Should the Internet Be Considered Critical Infrastructure? %A Walter Miron %K communication networks %K critical infrastructure %K cyber-attacks %K cybersecurity %K information technology %K Internet %K vulnerabilities %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 37-40 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/865 %N 1 %1 TELUS Communications Walter Miron is a Director of Technology Strategy at TELUS Communications, where he is responsible for the evolution of their packet and optical networks. He has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and service provider networking conducting technology selection and service development projects. Walter is a member of the research program committee of the SAVI project, the Heavy Reading Global Ethernet Executive Council, and the ATOPs SDN/nFV Working Group. He is also the Chair of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/865 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Q&A. What Are Living Labs? %A Seppo Leminen %K benefits %K definition %K innovation systems %K living labs %K Open innovation %K types %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 29-35 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/928 %N 9 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Technology and Engineering and Management, Management Decision, the International Journal of Technology Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/928 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Reflecting on 100 Issues of the TIM Review %A Chris McPhee %K business %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K journal %K management %K Open Source Business Resource %K OSBR %K technology %K technology innovation management review %K TIM Review %X First launched in 2007, the Technology Innovation Management Review has now reached the milestone of 100 issues. This article looks back over these first 100 issues, the themes they covered, trends in authorship and readership, and future opportunities and challenges for the journal. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-11 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/940 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/940 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Representing Botnet-Enabled Cyber-Attacks and Botnet Takedowns Using Club Theory %A Olukayode Adegboyega %K botmaster %K botnet %K botnet takedown %K collective action %K cyber-attack %K cybersecurity %X A model for executing and resisting botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns does not exist. The lack of this representation results in ineffective and inefficient organizational decision making and learning, hampers theory development, and obfuscates the discourse about the “best-case” scenarios for the future of the online world. In this article, a club theory model for botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns is developed. Initiatives to execute and resist botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and botnet takedowns are conceptualized as collective actions carried out by individuals and groups organized into four types of Internet-linked clubs: Attacker, Defender, Botbeheader, and Botmaster. Five scenarios of botnet-enabled cyber-attacks and five scenarios of botnet takedowns are examined to identify the specific dimensions of the three constructs and provide examples of the values in each dimension. The developed theory provides insights into the clubs, thereby paving the way for more effective botnet mitigation strategies. This research will be of particular interest to executives and functional personnel of heterogeneous organizations who are interested in improving the quality of their communications and accelerating decision making when solving botnet-related problems. Researchers applying club theory to examine collective actions of organizations linked by the Internet will also be interested in this research. Although club theory has been applied to solve problems in many fields, this is the first effort to apply it to botnet-related problems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 35-44 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/905 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Olukayode Adegboyega holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management (TIM) from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada and a Bachelor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the Federal University of Technology in Akure, Nigeria. He has worked as an IP Network Service Engineer at LM Ericsson Nigeria Limited and as a Data Communication Network Engineer at Globacom Limited of Nigeria. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/905 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Role of Self-Service Mobile Technologies in the Creation of Customer Travel Experiences %A Chaoren Lu %A Wei Geng %A Iris Wang %K customer experience %K mobile technology %K self-service device %K travel experience %K value co-creation %X Through the use of self-service mobile devices, the traditional marketplace interaction is being replaced by a marketspace transaction, in which the foundation of customer-company interaction has changed. This article discusses the main actors of experiencial value creation through the physical world and virtual world in the context of transport service. The empirical data is collected from semi-structured interviews with 19 young urban transport commuters. The results show that self-service mobile devices enhance the information accessibility for passengers to create customized travel experiences through a closer interaction with other actors, including transport service providers, transport-related service providers, and other passengers. Moreover, the scope of travel experience was expanded beyond the traditional service encounter both temporally and spatially. This article is an exploration of the influence of self-service mobile devices in the changing roles of customers and companies. A key message is that executives must pay attention to how their companies create experience value in both the physical world and the virtual world, separately or in combination. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 24-32 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/871 %N 2 %1 Karlstad University Chaoren Lu is a PhD student in the Service and Market Oriented Transport Research Group (SAMOT) at Karlstad University in Sweden. His research area focuses on service research, sustainable public transportation, service innovation, and self-service devices. %2 Southwest Jiaotong University Wei Geng is an Associate Professor in the School of Economics and Management at Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, China. His research area focuses on logistics and supply chain management, behaviour operations management, and urban public transport management. %3 Southwest Jiaotong University Iris Wang is a PhD student in the School of Public Administration at Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, China. Her research interests are service and logistics management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/871 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Scaling Spatial Transformation: Smart Specialization of Urban Capabilities in the Helsinki Region %A Renita Niemi %A Eelis Rytkönen %A Robert Eriksson %A Suvi Nenonen %K campus management %K hybrid spaces %K mobile work %K scaling businesses %K urban development and management %X Societies are shifting towards more complex structures and agile networks through spatial transformation. That shift affects the ways in which citizens interact with and within their physical and virtual surroundings. The interactions define purposes for the modern hybrid spaces, depending on individual demands in relation to space and time. As facilities per se are becoming less relevant, spatial concepts and service that support, attract, and engage modern individuals must be invented. The capabilities of user-orientated processes are important in terms of connectivity, co-creation, and communication, involvement in change, and control as well as governance. This article explores the potential scaling in diverse spatial transformations and summarizes the lessons learned from managing a campus as a small city to managing a larger-scale urban area. The study uses a case study methodology: the data was collected through interviews and document analysis. The framework of five urban capabilities (5Cs), which were initially introduced by the urbanist John Worthington, guided the content analysis of data. The results indicate that the lessons learned in the diverse urban projects can be scaled from a minor urban-area campus to a large urban area. Users of spaces have a need and will to collaborate, co-create, and impact their environments. This view expands the roles of decision makers and planners to controlling the uses of spaces for supporting grassroot initiatives. Consequently, active citizens engage and contribute, which can be a driving force for co-creation, shared ownership, and attractiveness of small- and large-scale areas. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 42-51 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/936 %N 10 %1 Aalto University Renita Niemi is a design strategist for human-centered change. She is a creative professional who graduated in 2004 from the University of Art and Design Helsinki (TaiK) in Finland. She has major in Industrial and Strategic Design and minor in International Design Business Management (IDBM). Currently, she focuses on her part-time PhD studies at Aalto University. Having several years of academic background working at TaiK and Aalto University, she is experienced at multidisciplinary research, concept development, and design. She has completed a diverse range of design research projects related to housing and living. Her ambition is to form broad initiatives to facilitate further innovation, which involves networking between people with different perspectives, as well as rapid experimentation and creative collaboration. Her passions are greatly connected to planning, design, services, and innovation in context of the urban environment. %2 Aalto University Eelis Rytkönen is interested in socio-technical phenomena, managerial practices, and spatial design in organizational settings. Currently, he works as a researcher for the BES research group in Aalto University, Finland, where he is finishing his doctorate research on dynamics of campus management in spatial transformation. He holds a BSc in Real Estate Economics and an interdisciplinary MSc degree in International Design Business Management (IDBM). %3 Robert Eriksson graduated as an architect from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2005. Currently, he works as a senior advisor in a consultancy solving problems related to the built environment. He has extensive experience in city planning, renewable energy, and open data. Robert has also been active in research, having published scientific publications related to, for example, user empowerment and future campus development. %4 Aalto University Suvi Nenonen has worked as a Research Manager in Aalto University, Finland, since finishing her doctorate in 2005 on work environments that support new knowledge creation. She has published over a hundred scientific publications and acts actively in multiple international facilities management networks such as EuroFM and NewWOW. Suvi also acts as a docent in the Tampere University of Technology, Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/936 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Secure by Design: Cybersecurity Extensions to Project Management Maturity Models for Critical Infrastructure Projects %A Jay Payette %A Esther Anegbe %A Erika Caceres %A Steven Muegge %K C2M2 %K capability maturity models %K CERT RMM %K critical infrastructures %K cybersecurity %K NIST %K P3M3 %K PjM3 %K project management %X Many systems that comprise our critical infrastructures – including electricity, transportation, healthcare, and financial systems – are designed and deployed as information technology (IT) projects using project management practices. IT projects provide a one-time opportunity to securely "design in" cybersecurity to the IT components of critical infrastructures. The project management maturity models used by organizations today to assess the quality and rigour of IT project management practices do not explicitly consider cybersecurity. This article makes three contributions to address this gap. First, it develops the argument that cybersecurity can and should be a concern of IT project managers and assessed in the same way as other project management capabilities. Second, it examines three widely used cybersecurity maturity models – i) the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) framework for improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity, ii) the United States Department of Energy’s Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2), and iii) the CERT Resilience Management Model (CERT RMM) from the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute – to identify six cybersecurity themes that are salient to IT project management. Third, it proposes a set of cybersecurity extensions to PjM3, a widely-deployed project management maturity model. The extensions take the form of a five-level cybersecurity capability perspective that augments the seven standard perspectives of the PjM3 by explicitly assessing project management capabilities that impact the six themes where IT project management and cybersecurity intersect. This article will be relevant to IT project managers, the top management teams of organizations that design and deploy IT systems for critical infrastructures, and managers at organizations that provide and maintain critical infrastructures. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 26-34 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/904 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Jay Payette is a graduate student in the Masters of Design program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is the Managing Principal of Payette Consulting. Jay founded Payette Consulting in 2011 to help clients balance the consistent results of repeatable business processes and analytic decision making, with the fuzzy world of creativity. His research has focused on applying design-thinking principles to business model generation, strategy, and project delivery. Prior to founding Payette Consulting, Jay worked for the Canadian consulting practice of Accenture and as an independent IT Project Manager. %2 Carleton University Esther Anegbe is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She also holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology in Nigeria. She worked as a Technology Analyst with a leading Investment Management Firm in Lagos, Nigeria (Sankore Global Investments), where she formed part of the technology team that developed, deployed, and provided support for the financial software projects that expanded the market reach of the firm’s stock brokerage and wealth management subsidiaries. She is currently working on a startup (Tech Wits) to provide enterprise solutions and services to startups in their accelerators and incubators. %3 Carleton University Erika Caceres is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Technology Information Management from The University of Yucatan, Mexico. She previous worked as an innovation consultant at I+D+i Hub, a leading technology transfer office in Merida, Mexico, where she formed part of the management team to produce innovation projects that were submitted for funding to the government to help accelerate the economy in the south of Mexico. She is currently working on Volunteer Safe, an online startup that pre-screens and licenses volunteers and connects them to volunteer opportunities aligned to their profile. %4 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches and leads a research program within Carleton’s Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community service interests include technology entrepreneurship and commercialization, non-traditional settings for innovation and entrepreneurship (business ecosystems, communities, platforms, and interconnected systems that combine these elements), and business models of technology entrepreneurs (especially in non-traditional settings). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/904 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Securing Cyberspace: Towards an Agenda for Research and Practice %A Renaud Levesque %A D’Arcy Walsh %A David Whyte %K Canada %K challenges %K countermeasures %K cyber security %K cybersafety %K cybersecurity %K cyberspace %K detection %K Internet of Things %K leadership %K mitigation %K research %K security %X In this article, we seek to identify the important challenges preventing security in cyberspace and to identify the key questions that nations should set out to answer to play a leading role in securing cyberspace. An important assertion is that the challenge of securing cyberspace transcends the abilities of any single entity and requires a radical shift in our approach in how: i) research is conducted, ii) cybersecurity researchers are educated, iii) new defendable systems are developed, and iv) effective defensive countermeasures are deployed. Our response draws upon extensive source material and our personal experiences as cybersecurity professionals contributing to the establishment of the VENUS Cybersecurity Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation that aims to make Canada a global leader in cybersecurity. We view the challenge to be global and transdisciplinary in nature and this article to be of relevance world-wide to senior decision makers, policy makers, managers, educators, strategists, futurists, scientists, technologists, and others interested in shaping the online world of the future. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 26-34 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/943 %N 11 %1 Communications Security Establishment Renaud Levesque is the Director General of Core Systems at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada, where he is responsible for R&D and systems development. He has significant experience in the delivery of capability and organizational change in highly technical environments. His career began at CSE in 1986 as a Systems Engineer, responsible for the development and deployment of numerous systems, including the CSE IP corporate network in 1991. In 2000 Renaud went to work in the private sector as Head of Speech Technologies at Locus Dialogue, and later at Infospace Inc., where he became Director of Speech Solutions Engineering. He rejoined CSE in 2003, where he assumed the lead role in the IT R&D section. Subsequently, as a Director General, he focused efforts towards the emergence of CSE's Joint Research Office and The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing. Renaud holds a Bachelor of Engineering from l’École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada. His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Communications Security Establishment David Whyte is the Technical Director for the Cyber Defence Branch at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada. He is CSE's technical lead responsible for overseeing the implementation of the next-generation cyberthreat-detection services for the Government of Canada. He has held many positions over the last 16 years within CSE that span both the Signals Intelligence and Information Technology Security mission lines. David holds a PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The main focus of his research is on the development of network-based behavioural analysis techniques for the detection of rapidly propagating malware. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/943 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Securing the Car: How Intrusive Manufacturer-Supplier Approaches Can Reduce Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities %A Mohamed Amin %A Zaid Tariq %K automobile manufacturing %K car design %K control %K cybersecurity %K glue code %K governance %K intrusiveness %K outsourcing %K supplier %K supplier-manufacturer relationships %K vulnerabilities %X Today's vehicles depend on numerous complex software systems, some of which have been developed by suppliers and must be integrated using "glue code" so that they may function together. However, this method of integration often introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities at the interfaces between electronic systems. In this article we address the “glue code problem” by drawing insights from research on supplier-manufacturer outsourcing relationships in the automotive industry. The glue code problem can be framed as a knowledge coordination problem between manufactures and suppliers. Car manufacturers often employ different levels of intrusiveness in the design of car subsystems by their suppliers: the more control over the supplier the manufacturer exerts in the design of the subsystem, the more intrusive the manufacturer is. We argue that high intrusiveness by car manufacturers in defining module interfaces and subcomponents for suppliers would lead to more secure cars. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 21-25 %8 01/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/863 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Mohamed Amin is an MASc student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His research interests include cybersecurity, API strategy, and industry architecture. He works as a Solution Architect for Alcatel-Lucent Canada, where he designs and delivers network solutions for various internet service providers around the world. %2 Carleton University Zaid Tariq is completing his MEng in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Computer Engineering from McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He is a Senior Network Engineer at Cisco Systems and has 9 years experience working in the network design, architecture, and test domains. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/863 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Setting the Stage for Collaborative Creative Leadership at Cirque du Soleil %A Laurent Simon %K Cirque du Soleil %K collaboration %K creativity %K innovation %K leadership %X Debates about the nature of leadership for creativity have been ongoing since the 1950s. But, despite the central role leadership plays in the management of creative processes, few contributions highlight the actual practice of leadership for collaborative creative ventures. This interview with the Director of Acrobatics and Coaching at Cirque du Soleil addresses the reflexive experience of a creative leader faced with the challenges of integrating multiple expertises around complex, technological, human, and poly-sensorial creative performances. In this context, leadership for collaborative creativity appears as a constant and dynamic balancing act between people, ideas, deliverables, and the position and personality of the leader. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 59-65 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/915 %N 7 %1 HEC Montréal Laurent Simon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the HEC Montréal business school in Montreal, Canada, where he is also the Co-Director of Mosaic, the Creativity & Innovation Hub. His current research focuses on characterizing the management of techno-creative projects and the study of creative environments and practices, the management of creative projects, creative communities, "creative cities", and the determinants of creativity in innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/915 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Supply Chain Cyber-Resilience: Creating an Agenda for Future Research %A Omera Khan %A Daniel A. Sepúlveda Estay %K cyber-risk %K cybersecurity %K resilience %K supply chain management %K theoretical foundation %X Supply chains have become more vulnerable in recent years, and high-profile cyber-attacks that have crippled the supply chains of well-known companies reveal that the point of entry for hackers is often through the weakest link in the chain. Exacerbated by growing complexity and the need to be visible, these supply chains share vital streams of information every minute of the day, thereby becoming an easy and highly lucrative target for talented criminals, causing financial losses as well as damaging brand reputation and value. Companies must therefore invest in supply chain capabilities to withstand cyber-attacks (i.e., cyber-resilience) in order to guard against potential threats. They must also embrace the reality that this often-unknown dimension of risk is the "new normal". Although interest on this topic has grown in the business world, less has been reported by the academic community. One reason for this could be due to the convergence of two different disciplines, information technology and supply chains, where supply chain cyber-risk and cyber-resilience appear to have a natural fit. The topic of cyber-resilience in supply chains is still in early stages of development, and this is one of the first journals to focus a special issue on it. Currently, the closest academic literature is within the realms of supply chain risk and resilience, where numerous models and frameworks exist. In this article, this literature is explored to identify whether these models can incorporate the dimension of cyber-risk and cyber-resilience. In doing so, we create a research agenda for supply chain cyber-resilience and provide recommendations for both academia and practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-12 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/885 %N 4 %1 Technical University of Denmark Omera Khan is a Full Professor of Operations Management at the Technical University of Denmark. She works with leading organizations on a range of supply chain and logistics issues and is advisor to many universities developing courses in logistics, supply chains, and operations management. She has led and conducted research projects commissioned by government agencies, research councils, and companies in supply chain resilience, responsiveness, sustainability, and the impact of product design on the supply chain. Her latest area of research focuses on cyber-risk and resilience in the supply chain. Omera is an advisor to many organizations and provides specialist consultancy in supply chain risk management. She is a highly acclaimed presenter and is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at global conferences and corporate events. She has published her research in leading journals, contributed to several book chapters, and is lead author of Handbook for Supply Chain Risk Management: Case Studies, Effective Practices and Emerging Trends. She founded and was Chair of the Supply Chain Risk and Resilience Research Club and the Product Design and Supply Chain Special Interest Group. She has also been a visiting professor at a number of leading business schools. %2 Technical University of Denmark Daniel A. Sepulveda Estay is a PhD researcher at the Technical University of Denmark, where he researches cyber-risk and security in the global supply chain. He has worked in the engineering and supply divisions of a number of multinational companies, both in strategic/leadership and operational roles for over 11 years, having partially led initiatives such as the implementation of lean manufacturing in Coca-Cola Company Latin America and supply rationalization in BHP Billiton´s copper projects division. Daniel has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering from the Federico Santa Maria Technical University in Valparaiso, Chile, an MSc degree in Industrial Engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in Santiago, Chile, and an MSc degree in Management from the MIT Sloan School of Management, in Boston, United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/885 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Sustainable Innovation: A Competitive Advantage for Innovation Ecosystems %A Kaisa Oksanen %A Antti Hautamäki %K innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K sustainability %K sustainable innovation %K well-being %X In this article, we elaborate the emerging concept of sustainable innovation and analyze the relevance of innovation as a means to solve wicked problems and enhancing sustainable well-being. We also examine the changing conditions for innovation creation: building global knowledge hubs and local innovation ecosystems. As a result, the drivers of innovation and opportunities to utilize the untapped innovation potential of people outside traditional innovation contexts are expanded and diversified. Ultimately, the success of sustainable innovation constitutes its impact on the well-being of people and vice versa: sustainable well-being is an important source of innovation and growth. The article adds to the conceptual development of sustainable innovation and its motivation, which lies in combining competitiveness, the well-being of people, and inclusive solutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 24-30 %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/934 %N 10 %1 Prime Minister’s Office, Finland Kaisa Oksanen, PhD, is a Senior Specialist at the Prime Minister’s Office, Finland. Her key expertise is related to foresight, socio-technical change, and innovation ecosystems. Previously, she worked at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, working with foresight and bio-economy transition. Her background is in social and political sciences, and she has done research on systemic innovation, futures studies, science and innovation policy, service innovation, and sustainable well-being. She has also worked as a research coordinator and innovation researcher in the Agora Center at the University of Jyväskylä and in Finland’s Futures Research Centre at the University of Turku. %2 University of Jyväskylä Antti Hautamäki, PhD, now a Professor Emeritus, was a Research Professor of Service Innovation and the Director of Agora Center at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. Antti has published and edited about thirty books and published two hundred articles about philosophy, cognitive science, and innovation. Currently, he works in his firm: Consulting Sustainable Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/934 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Technological Public–Private Innovation Networks: A Conceptual Framework Describing Their Structure and Mechanism of Interaction %A Rabeh Morrar %K conceptual framework %K innovation networks %K network lifecycle %K networks %K public–private partnership %K social network analysis %K technological public–private innovation networks %K TechPPINs %X Technological public–private innovation networks, or TechPPINs, enable cooperation between public and private actors in a complex, dynamic, social, and interactive network structure. In this article, the literature on innovation networks is used to construct a conceptual framework that describes the structure and mechanism of interaction in technological public–private innovation networks. In the framework, innovation is created through a dynamic process of interaction between the public and private actors along the network lifecycle. In each stage of network lifecycle, social capital enables various interactions to occur and different modes and quantities of knowledge and technological resources to be exchanged and reinforced. Through a combination of the product lifecycle model and social network analysis, the structure of technological public-private innovation networks are examined at each stage of the lifecycle to reveal information about how the roles of public and private actors are embodied. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 25-33 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/920 %N 8 %1 An-Najah National University Rabeh Morrar is an Assistant Professor of Innovation Economics at An-Najah National University in Nablus, Palestine. Rabeh's doctoral dissertation from Lille1 University in France focused on public–private innovation networks in the service sector, and his current research is focused on innovation in the service sector, R&D management, and technology management. Rabeh is also CEO of BEST, a small business in Palestine that provides innovation solutions and training. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/920 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T A Technology-Assisted Design Methodology for Employee-Driven Innovation in Services %A Kentaro Watanabe %A Ken Fukuda %A Takuichi Nishimura %K design methodology %K employee-driven innovation %K observation %K representation %K service design %K service innovation %X The role of employees is becoming more important in managing complex service processes and in serving the variety of customer needs in the service industry. Within efforts to promote innovation in service fields, employee-driven innovation and service design are gaining attention. Though the relationship between employee-driven innovation and service design has been discussed, the effectiveness of service-design methodologies for employee-driven innovation has not been studied sufficiently. In this article, we propose a technology-assisted design methodology to promote employee-driven innovation in services. Through our case study at an elderly-care facility, we confirmed that the proposed design methodology assisted by the communication support system could trigger employee-driven innovation and expand its influence in the service field. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 6-14 %8 02/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/869 %N 2 %1 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Kentaro Watanabe is a Research Scientist in Center for Service Research at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. He holds a PhD in Engineering from the Graduate School of System Design at Tokyo Metropolitan University. His research interests includes design theory and methodology of products/services, service process analysis, service engineering, and product-service systems. %2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ken Fukuda is a Senior Research Scientist in the Center for Service Research at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. He holds a PhD in Information Science from the University of Tokyo in Japan, and he has held visiting positions at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University. He specializes in knowledge engineering, text mining, natural language processing, and the semantic web, with particular interests in healthcare, smart cities, open government, and social computing. %3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Takuichi Nishimura is a Team Leader of the Service Process Modeling Research Team in the Center for Service Research at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan. He holds a PhD in Engineering from the Graduate School of Engineering at Osaka University in Japan. His research interests include healthcare services, computer-supported cooperative work, service process analysis, and service engineering. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/869 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – Communicating Strategy: How Drawing Can Create Better Engagement %A Stephen Cummings %K communicating %K drawing %K frameworks %K illustrations %K strategic management %K strategy %K SWOT %K visual communication %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 44-48 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/922 %N 8 %1 Victoria University of Wellington Stephen Cummings is Professor of Strategy and ICMCI Academic Fellow at Victoria Business School, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has published on strategy, creativity, and management history in a range of journals including the Academy of Management Learning and Education Journal, Academy of Management Perspectives, Human Relations, Long Range Planning, and Organization Studies. He has also written, co-written and edited a number of books promoting creative approaches to strategy development. These include Recreating Strategy (2002), Images of Strategy (2003), Creative Strategy (2010), The Handbook of Management and Creativity (2014), and Strategy Builder: How to Create and Communicate More Effective Strategies (2015). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/922 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – Creating Life-Saving Media as a Social Entrepreneur %A Firdaus Kharas %K animation %K culture shift %K film %K global health %K humanitarian %K media %K public health %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %K societal issues %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 40-42 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/945 %N 11 %1 Chocolate Moose Media Firdaus Kharas is a social entrepreneur and humanitarian. Through his company, Chocolate Moose Media, Kharas produces animation, documentaries, films, and television series designed to educate, entertain, and change societal and individual behaviour, particularly in relation to transmittable diseases, via a process he calls "Culture Shift". His goal is to positively influence people’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, especially those of children and youth, in order to improve human health conditions globally. In June, 2015, Kharas received an honorary doctorate from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, in recognition of his “innovative work as a social entrepreneur and for the advancement of public health and children’s rights in a global context”. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/945 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – Improving the Self-Service Customer Experience: The Case of IBM Watson and Purple Forge %A Brian Hurley %K apps %K cognitive computing %K IBM Watson %K mobile platforms %K natural language %K Purple Forge %K question and answer %K self-service %K virtual agent %K voice recognition %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 36-40 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/929 %N 9 %1 Purple Forge Brian Hurley is the President and CEO of Purple Forge. He is an entrepreneurial leader with over 30 years of experience in building strong teams, innovative products, and international businesses. He previously founded Liquid Computing in 2003 and, as its CEO, raised over $44 million in venture financing, built a world-class team, delivered an award-winning product to market, and won international sales. He has built and led numerous successful business teams in Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, and Microtel Pacific Research. Brian is the author of the bestselling book A Small Business Guide to Doing Big Business on the Internet. He was the 2007 winner of the OCRI "Next Generation Executive" award. Brian is a member of the GTEC SCOAP Honouree Selection Committee, and he is a past member of the Ottawa Chamber of Commerce board of directors. Brian graduated from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, with a Bachelor of Engineering. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/929 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – The Expanding Cybersecurity Threat %A Cheri F. McGuire %K antivirus %K cyber-attacks %K cyber-espionage %K cyber-threats %K cybersecurity %K data breaches %K malware %K private-public partnerships %K ransomware %K scareware %K social engineering %K Symantec %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 56-48 %8 03/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/881 %N 3 %1 Symantec Cheri McGuire is Vice President for Global Government Affairs and Cybersecurity Policy at Symantec, where she is responsible for the global public policy agenda and government engagement strategy, which includes cybersecurity, data integrity, critical infrastructure protection, and privacy. She currently serves on the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Cybersecurity, and on the boards of the Information Technology Industry Council, the US Information Technology Office in China, and the National Cyber Security Alliance. She also is a past board member of the IT Information Sharing and Analysis Center, a former member of the Industry Executive Subcommittee of the President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee, and a former Chair of the US IT Sector Coordinating Council. Ms. McGuire is a frequent presenter on technology policy issues, including testifying five times before the US Congress on cybersecurity, privacy, and cybercrime. Prior to joining Symantec, she served as Director for Critical Infrastructure and Cybersecurity in Microsoft’s Trustworthy Computing Group, and she has held numerous positions in the Department of Homeland Security, Booz Allen Hamilton, and a telecom engineering firm that was acquired by Exelon Infrastructure Services. She was also a Congressional staffer for seven years. Ms. McGuire holds an MBA from The George Washington University and a BA from the University of California, Riverside. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/881 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – The Internet of Everything: Fridgebots, Smart Sneakers, and Connected Cars %A Jeff Greene %K Consumer Internet of Things %K cyber-attacks %K cybersecurity %K hackers %K Industrial Internet %K Internet of Everything %K Internet of Things %K IOT %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 47-49 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/898 %N 5 %1 Symantec Jeff Greene is the Director of Government Affairs for North America and Senior Policy Counsel at Symantec, where he focuses on issues including cybersecurity, the Internet of Things, and privacy. In this role, he monitors executive and legislative branch activity and works extensively with industry and government organizations. Prior to joining Symantec, Jeff was Senior Counsel with the U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, where he focused on cybersecurity and Homeland Defense issues. He has also worked in the House of Representatives, where he was a subcommittee staff director on the House Committee on Homeland Security. Previously, he was an attorney with a Washington, D.C. law firm, where his practice focused on government contracts and contract fraud, as well as general civil and criminal investigations. Jeff recently served as the staff co-chair of the “Internet of Things” research subcommittee of the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee. He is also a Senior Advisor at the Truman National Security Project, where he is on the Steering Committee for the Cyberspace and Security Program. He is co-chair of the Homeland Security Committee of the American Bar Association’s Section of Science & Technology Law and is on the Executive Committee of the Information Technology Sector Coordinating Council. He has a BA in International Relations from Boston University in the United States and a JD with Honors from the University of Maryland, also in the United States, where he has taught classes in Homeland Security law and policy. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/898 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – Three Collaborations Enabling Cybersecurity %A Deborah Frincke %A Dan Craigen %A Ned Nadima %A Arthur Low %A Michael Thomas %K book launch %K collaboration %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneurship %K NSA %K research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 45-48 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/906 %N 6 %1 National Security Agency Deborah Frincke is the Director of Research for the National Security Agency/Central Security Service in the United States. Dr. Frincke's research spans a broad cross section of computer security, both open and classified, with a particular emphasis on infrastructure defense and computer security education. She has been a member of several editorial boards, including: Journal of Computer Security, the Elsevier International Journal of Computer Networks, and the International Journal of Information and Computer Security, and she co-edits a Board column for IEEE Security and Privacy. She is a steering committee member for Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID) and Systematic Advances in Digital Forensic Engineering (SADFE). Dr. Frincke received her PhD from the University of California, Davis in 1992. %2 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada and a Visiting Scholar at the Technology Innovation Management Program of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees from Carleton University. %3 Denilson Ned Nadima is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Denilson, a company that develops mobile payment solutions for retail enterprises. He is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he holds a Bachelor's of Science degree in Commerce and Marketing from the University of Ottawa. %4 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has a number of patents in the field of hardware cryptography. He has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, and is completing his MSc degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %# Bedarra Research Labs Michael Thomas is the Vice President of Development at Bedarra Research Labs, a private industrial R&D lab whose mission is to seek out promising next-generation computing and communication technologies and apply them to creative solutions for emerging business problems. Prior to joining Bedarra Research Labs, he worked as a Software Developer and Release Engineer at Object Technology International. Michael holds a Master of Business Administration degree from Athabasca University in Canada, in addition to a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brock University in St. Catharines, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/906 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T TIM Lecture Series – When Are Software Systems Safe Enough? %A Chris Hobbs %K risk %K safety %K safety-critical systems %K security %K software systems %K standards %K testing %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 56-58 %8 12/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/953 %N 12 %1 QNX Software Systems Chris Hobbs is a Software Safety Consultant at QNX Software Systems in Ottawa, Canada. He was educated as a mathematical philosopher, but finding few jobs available for mathematical philosophers, fell enthusiastically into computer programming where he has spent the last 40 years avoiding management positions and remaining at the leading edge of software development. At QNX Software Systems, he is part of a team focussed on deploying QNX's operating system into safety-critical systems. He works on the safety certification of QNX's products and spends a lot of time with QNX's customers, helping them to design systems to meet specific safety requirements. He is the author of Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems and The Largest Number Smaller Than Five. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/953 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Toward a New Understanding of Creative Dynamics: From One-Size-Fits-All Models to Multiple and Dynamic Forms of Creativity %A Stephen Cummings %A Chris Bilton %A dt ogilvie %K action-embedded creativity %K creative dynamics %K creativities %K creativity %K creativitying %K innovation %K management %X This article proposes an alternative to a managerial "best practice" approach to creativity based on the notion of creativity as a singular concept. Our alternative draws on three fundamental ideas that are emerging in different pockets of the creativity literature in a way that can be readily conceptualized and applied in practice. The first idea is that creativity is really about "creativities", or a cluster of different and discrete qualities that can be combined to suit the context in which they operate. The second is that creativity is not static: it is about "creativitying", or the action and the practice of combining these creativities, which evolve over time. The third is that being creative in organizations is not an individual act: rather, it is the multiple activities of groups as they go about creativitying. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 14-24 %8 07/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/910 %N 7 %1 Victoria University of Wellington Stephen Cummings is Professor of Strategy and ICMCI Academic Fellow at Victoria Business School, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has published on strategy, creativity, and management history in a range of journals including the Academy of Management Learning and Education Journal, Academy of Management Perspectives, Human Relations, Long Range Planning, and Organization Studies. He has also written, co-written and edited a number of books promoting creative approaches to strategy development. These include Recreating Strategy (2002), Images of Strategy (2003), Creative Strategy (2010), The Handbook of Management and Creativity (2014), and Strategy Builder: How to Create and Communicate More Effective Strategies (2015). %2 University of Warwick Chris Bilton is Reader in the Centre for Cultural Policy Studies at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, where he specializes in management of creativity and creativity of management. He is the author, editor, and co-author of several books on creative management and creative strategy and teaches modules on creative business and marketing. Chris has a background in theatre and in community arts, which he gained before entering the world of academia. His research interests include: leadership, strategy, and structure in creative organizations; cultural policy and the creative industries; and structure of the creative economy. He is currently working on a book about marketing in the creative industries, for publication in 2016. %3 Saunders College of Business/Rochester Institute of Technology dt ogilvie is Distinguished Professor of Urban Entrepreneurship and former Dean of Saunders College of Business at Rochester Institute of Technology, in New York, United States, where she founded the Center for Urban Entrepreneurship (CUE). She is formerly Professor of Business Strategy & Urban Entrepreneurship at Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick (RBS), where she founded The Center for Urban Entrepreneurship & Economic Development (CUEED) and the Scholarship Training and Enrichment Program (STEP). She has published in top journals and five of her research papers have been recognized with research awards. Her research interests include strategic decision making and the use of creativity to enhance business and battlefield decision making and applying complexity theory to strategy and creativity; executive leadership strategies of multicultural women executives; women in the executive suite; strategic thinking in the 21st century; cognition and strategic decision making; entrepreneurship and economic development of urban cities; and assessing environmental dimensions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/910 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Using Entrepreneurial Marketing to Foster Reseller Adoption of Smart Micro-Grid Technology %A Hamidreza Kavandi %A Mika Westerlund %K entrepreneurial marketing %K power systems %K resellers %K smart micro-grid %K technology adoption %X This article investigates how entrepreneurial marketing can encourage resellers to adopt smart micro-grid technology. An online survey based on the literature on user adoption and entrepreneurial marketing was used to gather data from 99 power systems resellers. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares method to validate a model of the relationships between reseller’s antecedents and intention to adopt smart micro-grid technology, and the role of vendor’s entrepreneurial marketing in the adoption. The results suggest that user adoption models can only partially be applied to the reseller context, and future research should develop models that can further explain reseller’s decision making with regards to becoming involved in an emerging technology. As to the implications for practice, vendors need to demonstrate proactive entrepreneurial marketing, particularly entrepreneurial orientation, to increase the performance expectancy perceived by their resellers by increasing awareness and understanding of smart micro-grid technology to cultivate its diffusion. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 5-16 %8 09/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/925 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Hamidreza Kavandi, MASc, MSc, is a graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Hamid earned his first master's degree in Electrical Engineering (power systems) from the Iran University of Science and Technology in Tehran. His current research interests include entrepreneurial marketing, business strategy, and business and management models in restructured power systems. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His current research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/925 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T A Value Blueprint Approach to Cybersecurity in Networked Medical Devices %A George Tanev %A Peyo Tzolov %A Rollins Apiafi %K cybersecurity %K ecosystem %K market differentiation %K networked medical devices %K value proposition %X Cybersecurity for networked medical devices has been usually “bolted on” by manufacturers at the end of the design cycle, rather than integrated as a key factor of the product development and value creation process. The recently released cybersecurity guidelines by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offer an opportunity for manufacturers to find a way of positioning cybersecurity as part of front-end design, value creation, and market differentiation. However, the technological architecture and the functionality of such devices require an ecosystem approach to the value creation process. Thus, the present article adopts an ecosystem approach to including cybersecurity as part of their value proposition. It extends the value blueprint approach suggested by Ron Adner to include an additional dimension that offers the opportunity to define: the potential locations of cybersecurity issues within the ecosystem, the specific nature of these issues, the players that should be responsible for addressing them, as well as a way to articulate the added cybersecurity value as a competitive differentiator to potential customers. The value of the additional blueprint dimension is demonstrated through a case study of a representative networked medical device – a connected insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-25 %8 06/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/903 %N 6 %1 Carleton University George Tanev is a Master of Applied Science candidate in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Master of Science in Engineering degree in Medicine and Technology from the Technical University of Denmark and a Bachelor’s degree in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering from Carleton University. George has industry and research experience in the development of portable medical device products. He also has interests in technology-based entrepreneurship, biomedical signal processing, medical device research and development, medical device regulatory affairs, and medical device cybersecurity. %2 Carleton University Peyo Tzolov is a software engineer with a keen interest in entrepreneurship. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Communications Engineering from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is currently a Master of Applied Science candidate in the Technology Innovation Management program, also at Carleton University. Peyo has several years of experience as a software engineer working on highly scalable and distributed systems. He is very interested in technology, particularly in the security concerns arising from the rapid evolution and adoption of technology. %3 Carleton University Tamunoiyowuna Rollins Apiafi is a Master of Applied Science candidate in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Industrial Chemistry from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Rollins is one of the co-founders of insight lenz, which specializes in wearable medical technologies that monitors the wearer's eyes to track the state of their health. Rollins is interested in medical device cybersecurity, medical device regulatory bodies, and networked portable medical device research and development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/903 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Viability Radar: A Practical Tool for Assessing the Viability of Transformative Service Innovations in a Healthcare Context %A Marikka Heikkilä %A Jouni Saarni %A Valtteri Kaartemo %A Aki Koponen %K business model %K ecosystem %K healthcare %K innovation %K institutionalization %K technology %K transformative service %K viability %K viability assessment %K viability radar %X This article develops and showcases the viability radar, which is designed to assess the innovation potential of transformative service ideas. Based on service research and innovation literature, we highlight the importance of novel simplifying technology, supporting value networks, cost-effective business models, and regulatory environments that enable the renewal of prevailing market practices. We operationalize the radar with a set of questions and assess the innovation potential of three pilot cases of new transformative healthcare services. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-30 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/895 %N 5 %1 University of Turku Marikka Heikkilä is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Turku, Finland. She has an interest in information systems, business models and business model innovation, and collaboration and coordination in business networks, especially with regard to services. Currently, she works for a Horizon2020 project (ENVISION) aiming at activating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across Europe to re-think and transform their business models with the help of an easy-to-use, open-access web platform. Marikka holds an MSc and a Licentiate of Science in Economics and Information Systems from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. She received her PhD from the Faculty of Information Technology at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. %2 University of Turku Jouni Saarni is a Development Manager in the Center for Collaborative Research at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. He plans and executes joint research projects in collaboration with different interest groups. Saarni has background in industry analyses, innovation studies, and regulation evaluations. His research interests relate to industry dynamics, market competition, and technological change. %3 University of Turku Valtteri Kaartemo (D.Sc.) is University Lecturer of Global Innovation Management at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. Apart from teaching, he is actively involved in various research projects around healthcare innovations and renewing business practices. His major interests can be found in the intersection of international entrepreneurship, service, network, and process research. He has presented his research findings in various conferences and journals worldwide, including the International Journal of Business Excellence, Idäntutkimus, and Форсайт. %4 University of Turku Aki Koponen is the Director and Founder of the Centre for Collaborative Research at Turku School of Economic, University of Turku, Finland. During the last 10 years, he has led over 50 interdisciplinary research, development, and consulting projects. Topics of the research include economic analysis of market competitiveness, effects of new legislation and regulation on competitiveness, competition in service industries, and market-based solutions for healthcare services. In addition to traditional competition policy issues, he has been in charge of several projects focused on innovation activity, industry dynamics, and strategic renewal, as well as regional development. He is also an active speaker and a regular commentator in regional and national media. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/895 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Who Inhabits a Business Ecosystem? The Technospecies as a Unifying Concept %A Michael L. Weber %A Michael J. Hine %K business ecosystem %K business environment %K complex adaptive systems %K technospecies %X Currently, many terms are used to describe business ecosystems and their inhabitants. These terms have meanings that can cause definitional confusion and an ambiguous level of analysis as to what constitutes a business ecosystem. To understand business ecosystem relationships, an unambiguous understanding of the ecosystem components is required. The importance of standardized terminology and clear definitions of these components has been recognized in the literature. From a managerial perspective, identifying the relationships a firm is situated in is valuable and useful information that can be practically applied. We propose a business ecosystem model anchored around interdependent technospecies similar to the biological model that many of the existing concepts are drawn from. Technospecies are unique entities based on their organizational routines, capabilities, and use of technology. This article will present an alternative formulation of the business ecosystem model with the aim of synthesizing the diverse terminology presently in use into a concise, common language. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 31-44 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/896 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Michael L. Weber is a PhD candidate in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he is the undergraduate lab coordinator in Carleton University's Department of Biology He holds a BScH degree in Biology and an MMS degree in Information Technology, also from Carleton University. His primary research interests are in food supply chain security, business ecosystems, and electronic communication and negotiation. He has published in journals including Group Decision and Negotiation and Electronic Markets. %2 Carleton University Michael J. Hine is an Associate Professor of Information Systems in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His primary research interests are in online services, online reviews, health informatics and how individual human differences play out in computer-mediated work environments. In addition to BCom and MSc degrees, he holds a PhD in Computer Information Systems from Arizona State University. He has published in journals including but not limited to, the Journal of Management Information Systems, Communications of the ACM, Group Decision and Negotiation, and Electronic Markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/896 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Nations: Growth and Replication Strategies and Their Impact on Poverty Alleviation %A Hina Shah %A Punit Saurabh %K developing nations %K poverty alleviation %K women entrepreneurs %K women entrepreneurship %K women entrepreneurship development programs %X The need to improve the status of women and the promotion of women's roles in development are no longer seen merely as issues of human rights or social justice. Investments in women are now widely recognized as crucial to achieving sustainable development. Economic analyses now perceive that low levels of education and training, poor health and nutritional status, and limited access to resources not only repress women's quality of life but limit productivity and hinder economic efficiency and growth. Therefore, the development of opportunities for women is imperative, not only for reasons of equity but also because it makes economic sense and is "good development practice". The article describes the status and background of women in South Asia and highlights the need to create women entrepreneurs for poverty alleviation. Although some women do start micro-level businesses to support themselves and their families, the contribution is minor and many of these businesses are unlikely to grow or are not viable over the long term. Thus, this article focuses on women entrepreneurship development programs in light of the challenges and regional variations facing women entrepreneurs in South Asia and identifies nine areas where such programs can be strengthened. Their successful replication and implementation, in India specifically and South Asia generally, is discussed for an international audience to raise awareness of the challenges women and support institutions have faced in achieving success in fostering women entrepreneurship. It is hoped that this narration of the Indian and South Asian experience will assist in its replication in other developing nations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 34-43 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/921 %N 8 %1 International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Development Hina Shah has been an entrepreneur since 1978 in the field of plastic packaging. She is currently Director of the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Development (ICECD) in Ahmedabad, India. In 1986, she has transformed her own entrepreneurial experience into this developmental initiative, which has facilitated thousands of disadvantaged youth, with a special focus on women, in becoming entrepreneurs in India and around the world. %2 International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Development Punit Saurabh is senior faculty member at the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Career Development (ICECD) in Ahmedabad, India. His research interests include innovation management and entrepreneurship development, and he has varied experience in product funding and commercialization. His interests also include international affairs, healthcare, and women entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/921 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T 3D Printing: A Revolutionary Advance for the Field of Urology? %A Rebecca Neu %K 3D printing %K biofabrication %K biological 3D printing %K bioprinting %K entrepreneurship %K nephrology %K organ transplants %K renal failure %X Over the past decade, 3D printing has garnered considerable attention due to its broad applications, its ease of customization, and its increasing affordability. What began as the straightforward replication of simple objects has now progressed into a sophisticated industry for the fabrication of detailed products, which stands to threaten conventional forms of manufacturing and change the face of consumerism. More recently, the technology has found a footing within the medical field with the promise of applying 3D printing for the process of organ generation. With the reality of an aging population, the need for replacement organs globally will increase proportionately, while the number of donors remains static. In the field of urology specifically, the need for organ transplants is ever increasing as the number of patients in renal failure continues to rise. This article reviews the development of biological 3D printing, or biofabrication, within the field of urology and examines both the pros and the cons of this emerging technology. The cost implications of this technology for healthcare facilities are considered, as well as the entrepreneurial opportunities that arise from the emergence and evolution of 3D printing. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 19-24 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/772 %N 3 %1 Carleton University Rebecca Neu is a recent graduate of the Sprott School of Business MBA program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a PhD in Inorganic Chemistry from the University of Toronto, Canada, in addition to an BScH in Inorganic Chemistry from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. Currently, her principal area of interest relates to science and technology transfer and commercialization in addition to innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/772 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Accessing Value-in-Use Information by Integrating Social Platforms into Service Offerings %A Ville Eloranta %A Juho-Ville Matveinen %K platforms %K service systems %K service-dominant logic %K social media %K value-in-use %X This article proposes a new approach for assessing the value derived from using a service offering (i.e., value-in-use) through the utilization of “social platforms.” We define a social platform as an adaptable digital service environment that enables the co-creation of value through social interactions with other service systems. By reviewing the relevant literature, detailed propositions are built based on the integration of theoretical concepts, thereby combining the literature on service-dominant logic, platforms, and social media. The primary argument of the article is that embedding social platforms in a company's services may result in more efficient retrieval and understanding of customer insights, better management of customer intelligence, and ultimately higher value-in-use. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 26-34 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/782 %N 4 %1 Aalto University Ville Eloranta, MSc (Tech), is a doctoral student in the Service Engineering and Management (SEM) research group at Aalto University School of Science, Finland. Ville joined academia in 2012 after seventeen years in digital service design business and seven years of entrepreneurship. Ville’s research interests cover manufacturers’ service infusion/servitization, service networks, and service platforms. Currently, he is focusing on studying the sources of competitive advantage in service networks and methods of agile service network orchestration. %2 Diagonal Juho-Ville Matveinen, MSc (Tech), is a business designer at Diagonal, an acclaimed service design agency in Finland. His forte is organization development and the strategic planning of service ecosystems in addition to managing change as part of business development activities. He has a background in research at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University School of Science, where he focused on researching digital service platforms and their application in business development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/782 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Ambidextrous Strategies and Innovation Priorities: Adequately Priming the Pump for Continual Innovation %A Nehemiah Scott %K ambidexterity %K exploitation %K exploration %K innovation %K strategy %X The dynamic and unpredictable nature of the market has caused many organizations within rapidly changing industries to fail. These failures are, in part, due to a lack of continual and balanced innovation that firms should aim to achieve. That is, although firms may succeed at either refining existing competencies for incremental innovations or exploring new opportunities for radical innovations, many firms have experienced great difficulty in simultaneously pursuing and realizing success in both areas. This innovation imbalance arises when firms stick to traditional strategic notions of competition in fast-moving industries; these firms have not realized that the ability to compete in current and new markets begins with the strategies and priorities that are responsible for the very nature of innovation capabilities. The purpose of this study is to offer a reconceptualization of notions related to organizational strategy that are responsible for driving innovation capabilities. Specifically, this study develops a continual innovation framework that illustrates the impact ambidextrous strategies and priorities have on the firm’s ambidextrous innovation capability. It offers a modified concept of ambidexterity (i.e., exploration, exploitation, coordination) to reconceptualize business, marketing, and information systems strategies as ambidextrous strategy constructs. The article also discusses the relationships between constructs and the implications of this reconceptualization for researchers and managers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 44-51 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/812 %N 7 %1 University of Toledo Nehemiah Scott is a PhD student in the Manufacturing & Technology Management program in the College of Business and Innovation at the University of Toledo, USA. He holds a BS in Computer Science and Engineering Technology and an MBA specializing in Information Systems from the University of Toledo. He also has corporate experience in the field of information systems working as a database programmer, and he has research and consulting experience in the area of process improvement. Nehemiah’s main research interests include innovation and technology management, and supply chain management. His past research focused on innovation in bottom-of-pyramid societies and the supply chain. His current research focuses on ambidexterity for firm innovation and adaptation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/812 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Assessing Scientific Contributions: A Proposed Framework and Its Application to Cybersecurity %A Dan Craigen %K assessing science %K cybersecurity %K science of cybersecurity %K scientific contributions %K scientific progress %K societal contributions %X Through a synthesis of existing work on evaluating scientific theories and contributions, a framework for assessing scientific contributions is presented. By way of example, the framework is then applied to two contributions to the science of cybersecurity. The science of cybersecurity is slowly emerging. As the science and its theories emerge, it is important to extract the key contributions that characterize actual progress in our understanding of cybersecurity. Researchers and funding agencies will be interested in the assessment framework as a means of assessing scientific contributions to cybersecurity. In a nascent research area such as the science of cybersecurity, this article may contribute to a focused research program to accelerate the growth of the science. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-13 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/844 %N 11 %1 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/844 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Assessing the Intentions and Timing of Malware %A Brent Maheux %K cybersecurity %K malware %K optimal timing %K persistence %K stealth %X Malware has become a significant, complex, and widespread problem within the computer industry. It represents one of the most prevalent threats to cybersecurity and is increasingly able to circumvent current detection and mitigation techniques. To help better understand when a malware attack might happen, this article proposes an intention-based classification of malware and merges it with an optimal timing model to help predict the timing of malware based on its classification. The classification model is based on an examination of eight malware samples, and it identifies four malware classifications and commonalities based on the dimensions of persistence and stealth. The goal of the article is to provide a better understanding of when cyber-conflict will happen, and to help defenders better mitigate the potential damage. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 34-40 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/848 %N 11 %1 Carleton University Brent Maheux is a Senior Software Specialist for the Canadian Government. He holds an MEng degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and a BCS degree in Computer Science from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. He has over 7 years working experience within the public and private sector specializing in product design and implementation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/848 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Business of Open Source Software: A Primer %A Michael (Monty) Widenius %A Linus Nyman %K business source %K dual licensing %K entrepreneurship %K open %K open core %K open source business models %K open source licenses %K open source software development %X This article is meant as a primer for those interested in gaining a basic understanding of the business of open source software. Thus, we cover four main areas: i) what motivates businesses to get involved in open source; ii) common open source licenses and how they relate to community and corporate interests; iii) issues regarding the monetization of an open source program; and iv) open source business models currently employed. This article is particularly suitable for people who want a general understanding of the business of open source software; people who want to understand the significant issues regarding an open source program's potential to generate income; and entrepreneurs who want to create a company around open source code. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 4-11 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/756 %N 1 %1 MySQL Ab Michael (Monty) Widenius is the founder and original developer of MySQL and MariaDB. He has been an entrepreneur since 1979 and is the founder of MySQL Ab, Monty Program Ab, SkySQL, the MariaDB Foundation, and Open Ocean capital. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is a doctoral researcher at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he is researching code forking in open source software. A further research interest of his is free-to-play gaming. He also lectures on corporate strategy, open source software, and the new business models of the Internet age. Linus has a Master’s degree in economics from the Hanken School of Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/756 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Businesses of Open Data and Open Source: Some Key Similarities and Differences %A Juho Lindman %A Linus Nyman %K business models %K entrepreneurship %K licensing %K open data %K open source %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 12-17 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/757 %N 1 %1 Hanken School of Economics Juho Lindman is an Assistant Professor of Information Systems Science at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Juho's doctoral dissertation from the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki focused on open source software development organization In the field of information systems, his current research is focused in the areas of open source software development, open data, and organizational change. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is a doctoral researcher at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he is researching code forking in open source software. A further research interest of his is free-to-play gaming. He also lectures on corporate strategy, open source software, and the new business models of the Internet age. Linus has a Master’s degree in economics from the Hanken School of Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/757 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Challenging the Stage-Gate Model in Crowdsourcing: The Case of Fiat Mio in Brazil %A Fabio Prado Saldanha %A Patrick Cohendet %A Marlei Pozzebon %K automobile industry %K Brazil %K crowdsourcing %K Fiat %K marketing %K Open innovation %K project management %X A large crowdsourcing project managed by Fiat Brazil involved more than 17,000 participants from 160 different nationalities over 15 months. Fiat promoted a dialogue with an enthusiastic community by linking car experts, professionals, and lay people, through which more than 11,000 ideas were selected and developed to create a concept car using a collaborative process. Through an in-depth case study of this crowdsourcing project, we propose a new approach – the accordion model – which uses project management to help maximize the beneficial inputs of the crowd. Whereas the stage-gate process relies on a “funnel” of articulated sequences expressing a progressive reduction from an initial stock of potential ideas and concepts, in this article, we suggest that crowdsourced projects are more akin to a process that articulates a succession of broadening and funnelling periods that represent information requests and deliveries. We use the metaphorical terminology of “the sacred and the profane” to illustrate the interaction of sophisticated and ordinary ideas between the “sacred” experts from Fiat and the “profane” lay people associated with the project. Lessons learned from the Fiat Mio case suggest how both organizations and Internet users may benefit from successful crowdsourcing projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 28-35 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/829 %N 9 %1 HEC Montréal Fabio Prado Saldanha has a degree in Communications from Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado, in São Paulo, Brazil. He has worked with several organizations in the telecommunications, entertainment, and culture industries, both in the public and private sectors. He is interested in the economic, social, and cultural issues of contemporary society. He has a Master of Management degree in Cultural Enterprises from HEC Montréal, in Canada. Currently, he is a Research Assistant at MOSAIC HEC Montréal where he works on projects concerning the study of economic impacts and the management of innovation and creativity, from different fields, such as the automobile and space industries. %2 HEC Montréal Patrick Cohendet is Professor at HEC Montréal business school in Canada and belongs to the International Business Department, which is in charge of all the international campuses of HEC Montréal, including a campus in Vietnam. He was Director of the International Business Department from 2007 to 2008. His research interests include the economics of innovation, technology management, knowledge management, the theory of the firm, and the economics of creativity. He is the author or co-author of 15 books and over 50 articles in refereed journals. He has conducted a series of economic studies on innovation, including measurement of spin-offs, evaluation of the economic benefits of R&D projects, and evaluation of technology transfer. These studies were carried out by his research laboratory, BETA, at the University of Strasbourg, for different European and North American organizations, such as the European Commission, the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Council of Europe, and the Canadian Space Agency. %3 HEC Montréal Marlei Pozzebon is Professor at HEC Montréal and Associate Professor at Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Administração do Estado de São Paulo (FGV-EAESP), Brazil. Her research interests include social innovation, social inclusion, citizen creativity, local and sustainable development ,and global-local dialogue. These interests are linked to the possibilities of social change using practice-based theoretical lenses and qualitative research methods. Theoretically, structuration theory, different forms of social constructivism, and critical theory are additional interests. She has published her work in various peer-reviewed journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/829 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T A Citation-Based Patent Evaluation Framework to Reveal Hidden Value and Enable Strategic Business Decisions %A Derek Smith %K citation-based patent evaluation %K intellectual property %K literature review %K patent %K patent citations %K patent evaluation %K patent value %K prior art citation %X Patent evaluation methodologies enable firms to make informed strategic business decisions by associating and revealing hidden information surrounding a patent. However, the value of a patent depends on a firm's capabilities and strategic direction; therefore, a patent evaluation requires the information to be properly related and aligned with a particular business consideration. This article reviews the literature on citation-based patent evaluation methodologies and develops a framework to help managers and entrepreneurs identify strategic groups of business considerations. The framework shows how categories of information can be interrelated to different strategic groups of business considerations, thereby providing a competitive advantage to the evaluating firm. The article includes recommendations for managers and entrepreneurs to help them make citation-based patent evaluation an ongoing business practice to enable strategic decision making. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 4-13 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/799 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States, and he has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada, and Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director of Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada , for which he was awarded a Senate Medal for Outstanding Academic Achievement. Derek also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering, also from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/799 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Collaborative Idea Management: A Driver of Continuous Innovation %A Jesper Bank %A Adnan Raza %K collaboration %K collaborative idea management %K crowdsourcing %K culture %K innovation %K leadership %K Open innovation %K strategy %X Despite the critical importance of innovation to most companies' ongoing success, many organizations fail to develop sustainable innovation management processes. The article explores the application of collaborative idea management to drive continuous innovation in large organizations based on our experience at Waabii, an innovation software and consulting service provider. First, we identify the key roadblocks faced by organizations in managing their innovation processes. Next, we describe the innovation model created at Waabii to help implement a sustainable innovation process, and we present a case study of an innovation management software solution, Exago Idea Market, which was implemented to create a collaborative and sustainable innovation environment in a large global telecommunications company. Finally, we offer recommendations for implementing this model of collaborative idea management. This article is particularly relevant to managers in larger organizations and practitioners of organizational change seeking to identify inhibitors of growth and business innovation and how to combat the roadblocks and create a sustainable innovation environment. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 11-16 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/764 %N 2 %1 Waabii Limited Jesper Bank is CEO and Co-Founder of Waabii Limited, where he is responsible for the company’s strategic direction and partnership development in North America. He works with leaders in public and private sector organizations around the world to help increase collaboration, engage employees in idea generation, and convert great ideas into value. For over a decade, Jesper has helped companies achieve profitable growth through business process improvement, and he currently provides counsel in the areas of strategy clarification, innovation management, and business-process redesign. He also provides idea management software and consulting services that enable firms to identify and prioritize the winning ideas within their organizations. Jesper holds a TRIUM Global Executive MBA from New York University Stern School of Business, London School of Economics and Political Science, and HEC School of Management in Paris, and he has substantive international experience having lived and worked in both North America and Europe. %2 Waabii Limited Adnan Raza is an Innovation Consultant for Waabii Limited, where he provides business support advice and consultancy for Waabii’s idea management solutions. He works with innovation teams in global organizations to improve their business and product innovation processes through novel insights and analysis. He has worked for more than four years in helping global organizations manage innovation through competitive market analysis, as well as the management and protection of intellectual property portfolios. He holds a BASc in Electrical Engineering from the University of Windsor, Canada, and an MBA from Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/764 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Commercialization and Public Good: Conflict, Complement, or Critical Component? %A R. Sandra Schillo %K commercialization %K intellectual property %K public good %K publicly funded science %K science in society %K societal benefits %K technology transfer %K university research %X The controversy regarding the role of science in society – and how science can best achieve its role – may well date as far back as the beginnings of science itself. The specific arguments and the possible mechanisms for science to impact society, however, have changed over time. This article picks up the conversation with regards to the specific role of publicly funded science, presuming, similar to Brecht in this article's opening quotation, that publicly funded science has the goal of making positive contributions to society. To achieve this goal, today’s scientists and research managers face a myriad options of publication venues, protection mechanism, and collaborations with external partners including licensing and other options for commercialization. Oftentimes, the goal of achieving positive contributions to society is perceived as being in fundamental conflict with the restrictions many commercialization arrangements place on the use of knowledge. This article argues that, although commercialization may at times conflict with the goal of achieving positive contributions to society, it can also be complementary to pursuits towards societal contributions, or even a critical component in achieving the desired positive contributions to society. More specifically, it suggests that the use of the term “science for the public good” as description of the goal to achieve positive societal contributions might create confusion with the economic term “public good”. Thus, it seeks to reframe the discussion of how science can contribute to society in an era of increased openness and interaction. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 27-35 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/810 %N 7 %1 University of Ottawa R. Sandra Schillo is an Assistant Professor at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa, Canada. Sandra completed her doctoral studies at the Institute for Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, University of Kiel, Germany and obtained her Masters' degree in Engineering Management from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. Her professional work experience includes employment and consulting assignments with many of Canada’s federal science-based departments and agencies and other organizations active in innovation and entrepreneurship in Canada. Sandra teaches innovation and entrepreneurship at the undergraduate and master’s levels. Her research agenda focuses on the impact of research and innovation, and explores the application of new methodologies to capturing measures of innovation and entrepreneurship and their outcomes. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/810 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Conceptualizing Innovation in Born-Global Firms %A Erik Zijdemans %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K business model %K early internationalization %K Innovation management %K lean startup approach %X This article summarizes the insights from a systematic study of the research literature focusing on the innovation aspects of born-global firms – ventures that were launched to exploit a global niche from the earliest days of their operations. The authors provide a snapshot of opinions on the different aspects of innovation in the way they were conceptualized in the academic literature. The insights are based on a selection of 32 peer-reviewed journal articles addressing the different challenges associated with early internationalization and innovation in such ventures. The article emphasizes that the early internationalization of new ventures should be considered as an innovation process in itself and that innovation and internationalization have a positive effect on each other. In addition, it points out the role of knowledge acquisition and networking capabilities as key innovation enablers and refers to the emergence of the lean startup perspective on the innovation processes in born-global firms. The suggested insights will be relevant to researchers and practitioners interested in the relationship between early internationalization and innovation in international new ventures and lean global startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-10 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/826 %N 9 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik Alexander Zijdemans is a Master’s degree candidate in Product Development and Innovation with a focus on Global Supply Chain Development at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Additionally, he holds a BEng in Business Engineering from Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands. He has over two years of working experience in project management and employee safety management. Currently, he is conducting his research at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, focusing on the role of business development agencies in the support of early globalization in technology startups. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, global technology entrepreneurship, business model design and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, and he is a member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/826 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Crimeware Marketplaces and Their Facilitating Technologies %A Mahmoud Gad %K anonymity %K Bitcoin %K crimeware marketplaces %K cybercrime %K dark web %K underground economy %X The cybercrime community has evolved from one in which criminals develop their own tools into one in which crimeware – tools and services to carry out or facilitate illegal online activity – can be readily bought, sold, traded, hired, or licensed in online marketplaces. Crimeware marketplaces are expected to grow significantly in the near term, and they will offer an increasing number of services and tools that target mobile computing devices. This article examines the actors, value chains, and modes of operation in underground crimeware marketplaces, and it identifies three facilitating technologies that are likely to significantly expand the reach of cybercriminals. Anonymous e-currency (e.g., Bitcoin) enables anonymous financial transactions; anonymity networks (e.g., Tor) enable anonymous Internet access; and mobile computing provides access to a very large number of potential target devices. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 28-33 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/847 %N 11 %1 University of Ottawa Mahmoud M. Gad is a PhD candidate in Electrical and Computer Engineering with a focus on wireless network communications at the University of Ottawa in Canada. Additionally, he holds an MSc in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Maryland in College Park, United States. His research interests include chaos-theory-based security algorithms for wireless networks, analysis of large-scale networks, Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive radio networks, and data mining algorithms. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/847 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Cyber-Attack Attributes %A Mehdi Kadivar %K attack characteristics %K attributes %K cyber-attack %K cybersecurity %X Cyber-attacks threaten our ability to use the Internet safely, productively, and creatively worldwide and are at the core of many security concerns. The concept of cyber-attacks, however, remains underdeveloped in the academic literature. To advance theory, design and operate databases to support scholarly research, perform empirical observations, and compare different types of cyber-attacks, it is necessary to first clarify the attributes of the “concept of cyber-attack”. In this article, attributes of cyber-attacks are identified by examining definitions of cyber-attacks from the literature and information on ten high-profile attacks. Although the article will be of interest to a broad community, it will be of particular interest to senior executives, government contractors, and researchers interested in contributing to the development of an interdisciplinary and global theory of cybersecurity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 22-27 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/846 %N 11 %1 Carleton University Mehdi Kadivar is completing his MASc in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the American University of Sharjah, Iran. Previously, he worked as a system maintenance expert at the Petrochemical Industries Design and Engineering company and as an intern at the Emirates National Bank of Dubai. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/846 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Models for Providers of Critical Infrastructure %A Walter Miron %A Kevin Muita %K adoption %K bersecurity %K capability maturity models %K compliance %K critical infrastructure %K framework %K municipalities %K protection %K regulation %K standards %X Critical infrastructure such as power generation and distribution systems, telecommunications networks, pipelines and pipeline control networks, transportation control networks, financial networks, and government information and communications technology (ICT) have increasingly become the target of cyber-attacks. The impact and cost of these threats, as well as regulatory pressure to mitigate them, have created an impetus to secure these critical infrastructures. Managers have many controls and models at their disposal to help them secure infrastructure technology, including cybersecurity capability maturity models to enable measurement and communication of cybersecurity readiness to top management teams, regulators, and customers, thereby facilitating regulatory compliance, corporate responsibility, and improved brand quality. However, information and awareness is lacking about which models are most appropriate for a given situation and how they should be deployed. This article examines relevant cybersecurity capability maturity models to identify the standards and controls available to providers of critical infrastructure in an effort to improve their level of security preparedness. These capability models are described and categorized by their relevance to different infrastructure domains, and then recommendations are provided on employing capability maturity models to measure and communicate readiness. This article will be relevant to regulators, critical infrastructure providers, and researchers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 33-39 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/837 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Walter Miron is a Director of Technology Strategy at TELUS Communications, where he is responsible for the evolution of their packet and optical networks. He has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and service provider networking conducting technology selection and service development projects. Walter is a member of the research program committee of the SAVI project, the Heavy Reading Global Ethernet Executive Council, and the ATOPs SDN/nFV Working Group. He is also Chair of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and a board member of the Centre of Excellence for Next Generation Networking (CENGN) in Ottawa, Canada. Walter is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Carleton University Kevin Muita is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He has a Bachelor's degree in Technology from Africa Nazarene University in Nairobi, Kenya. He has co-founded two technology startups: a network consultancy company and a systems installation and maintenance company. He has experience in logistics and supply chain management, having managed a Coca-Cola distribution network in Kenya, overseeing a successful 300% increase in sales volume, operations, and service delivery. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/837 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Cybersecurity Startups: The Importance of Early and Rapid Globalization %A Tony Bailetti %A Erik Zijdemans %K born global %K cybersecurity %K globalization %K startups %X Corporations and government agencies worldwide seek to ensure that their networks are safe from cyber-attacks, and startups are being launched to take advantage of this expanded market for cybersecurity products, services, and solutions. The cybersecurity market is inherently global; therefore, cybersecurity startups must globalize to survive. With this article, we fill a gap in the literature by identifying the factors that make a technology startup valuable to specific stakeholders (e.g., investors, customers, employees) and by providing a tool and illustrating a process to describe, design, challenge, and invent the actions that should be performed to globalize a cybersecurity startup early and rapidly for the purpose of increasing its value. The development of the tool builds on recent advances in the resource-based literature, the review of the literature on born-global firms and business model discovery processes, and the experience gained operating the Lead to Win ecosystem. This article will be of interest to entrepreneurs and their venture teams, investors, business development agencies, advisors, and mentors of cybersecurity startups as well as researchers who develop tools and approaches that are relevant to technology entrepreneurs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 14-21 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/845 %N 11 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program in Ottawa, Canada. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and the early and rapid globalization of technology ventures. %2 University of Southern Denmark Erik Alexander Zijdemans is a Master’s degree candidate in Product Development and Innovation with a focus on Global Supply Chain Development at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He holds a BEng in Business Engineering from Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands. Currently, he is conducting his research on the role of business development agencies in the support of early globalization in technology startups at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/845 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Defining Cybersecurity %A Dan Craigen %A Nadia Diakun-Thibault %A Randy Purse %K cybersecurity %K cyberspace %K definition %K interdisciplinary %K security %X Cybersecurity is a broadly used term, whose definitions are highly variable, often subjective, and at times, uninformative. The absence of a concise, broadly acceptable definition that captures the multidimensionality of cybersecurity impedes technological and scientific advances by reinforcing the predominantly technical view of cybersecurity while separating disciplines that should be acting in concert to resolve complex cybersecurity challenges. In conjunction with an in-depth literature review, we led multiple discussions on cybersecurity with a diverse group of practitioners, academics, and graduate students to examine multiple perspectives of what should be included in a definition of cybersecurity. In this article, we propose a resulting new definition: "Cybersecurity is the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights." Articulating a concise, inclusive, meaningful, and unifying definition will enable an enhanced and enriched focus on interdisciplinary cybersecurity dialectics and thereby will influence the approaches of academia, industry, and government and non-governmental organizations to cybersecurity challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 13-21 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/835 %N 10 %1 Communications Security Establishment Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH and MSc degrees in Mathematics from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment Nadia Diakun-Thibault is Senior Science and Analytics Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. She holds a Master's degree in Public Administration from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada, and an ABD (PhD) degree in Slavic Languages and Literatures from the University of Toronto, Canada. She has served as Parliamentary Advisor to Members of Parliament and held an Order-in-Council appointment to the Province of Ontario's Advocacy Commission. Her research interests include neurophilosophy, semiotics, linguistics, and public policy. She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University in the United States. %3 Communications Security Establishment Randy Purse is the Senior Learning Advisor at the Information Technology Security Learning Centre at the Communications Security Establishment in Canada. A former officer in the Canadian Forces, he is an experienced security practitioner and learning specialist. His research interests include the human dimensions of security and collective and transformative learning in the workplace. He has a Master’s of Education in Information Technology from Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John's, Canada, and he is a PhD candidate specializing in Adult and Workplace Learning in the Faculty of Education at the University of Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/835 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Designing and Managing Value Co-Creation in KIBS Engagements %A Lysanne Lessard %K case study %K KIBS %K knowledge-intensive business services %K service design %K service management %K value co-creation %X Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) such as IT development, IT outsourcing, and research and development (R&D) services have become a key component of most industrialized economies; they have been identified as an important source of employment growth in many countries and help improve the performance of firms belonging to most other sectors. KIBS have been discussed in innovation-related literature for over 15 years, with the assumption that models of innovation developed for manufacturing firms were not appropriate for them. This body of literature has also helped to identify the key characteristics and types of KIBS. However, although some empirical studies have investigated KIBS at the level of management – for example, how to manage customers’ co-production processes – there has not been much research on how to successfully establish and manage engagements among KIBS providers, clients, and other collaborators. Moreover, informal conversations with KIBS professionals show that these activities are often approached in an ad hoc manner. Yet, given the importance of KIBS, taking a more systematic approach to their design and management could improve the contribution of knowledge-intensive business service activities to our economy. This article proposes a framework for the design and management of KIBS engagements. The framework has been developed from a multiple-case study of academic R&D service engagements, as one type of KIBS engagement. It consists of a set of information to be gathered and questions to be asked by professionals responsible for establishing, monitoring, and managing KIBS engagements. The information and questions are articulated around two key processes of collaborative value creation (or value co-creation) in KIBS engagements: i) the alignment of actors’ interests, value propositions, and resources, and ii) the actors’ ability to integrate the engagement’s deliverables and outcomes as a basis for their perception of the engagement’s value. Using this framework could help to establish more successful collaborations among KIBS providers, clients, and partners; it should also help to monitor the performance of a given KIBS engagement in terms of its collaborative processes, deliverables, and outcomes from the varied perspectives of participating parties. Although the framework accounts for these different and sometimes conflicting perspectives, it is intended to be used by KIBS provider firms whose success depends at least in part from their ability to manage collaborative relationships. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 36-43 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/811 %N 7 %1 University of Ottawa Lysanne Lessard is Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa’s Telfer School of Management in Ottawa, Canada. Her research focuses on the development of design and modelling approaches for inter-organizational contexts such as knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) engagements. In these contexts, she investigates how organizational actors and ICTs form infrastructures in which information and knowledge are collaboratively created, shared, and transformed. This understanding leads to the creation of models, methods, and ICTs for the design, development, and evaluation of service systems. The results of this research enable greater value creation and innovation in today’s networked economies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/811 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Designing Business Models for the Internet of Things %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K business model %K design tool %K ecosystem %K Internet of Things %K IOT %K value %K value design %X This article investigates challenges pertaining to business model design in the emerging context of the Internet of Things (IOT). The evolution of business perspectives to the IOT is driven by two underlying trends: i) the change of focus from viewing the IOT primarily as a technology platform to viewing it as a business ecosystem; and ii) the shift from focusing on the business model of a firm to designing ecosystem business models. An ecosystem business model is a business model composed of value pillars anchored in ecosystems and focuses on both the firm's method of creating and capturing value as well as any part of the ecosystem's method of creating and capturing value. The article highlights three major challenges of designing ecosystem business models for the IOT, including the diversity of objects, the immaturity of innovation, and the unstructured ecosystems. Diversity refers to the difficulty of designing business models for the IOT due to a multitude of different types of connected objects combined with only modest standardization of interfaces. Immaturity suggests that quintessential IOT technologies and innovations are not yet products and services but a "mess that runs deep". The unstructured ecosystems mean that it is too early to tell who the participants will be and which roles they will have in the evolving ecosystems. The study argues that managers can overcome these challenges by using a business model design tool that takes into account the ecosystemic nature of the IOT. The study concludes by proposing the grounds for a new design tool for ecosystem business models and suggesting that "value design" might be a more appropriate term when talking about business models in ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-14 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/807 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Aalto University Mervi Rajahonka, D. Sc. (Econ) is a Researcher at Aalto University's School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from Helsinki University. Mervi earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at the Aalto University. Her research interests include supply chain management, business models, modularity, processes, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/807 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Developing a Social Network as a Means of Obtaining Entrepreneurial Knowledge Needed for Internationalization %A Chen Han %A Adeleye Afolabi %K business relationships %K entrepreneurship %K internationalization %K knowledge acquisition %K social networks %X An internationalization process for startups is based on the exchange of knowledge and other resources required for early internationalization and fast growth, and it requires ventures to identify opportunities, conduct business, and gain a competitive advantage in a foreign market. But, how do entrepreneurs obtain the knowledge required for internationalization? Previous research suggests a role for the utilization of social networks, leading managers to ask three basic questions: i) what kinds of knowledge-based resources are urgently needed by international new ventures?, ii) how do needs for knowledge change according to different stages in the internationalization process?, and iii) how can changing needs for knowledge be met by developing and leveraging a social network? In this article, we review the related literature, discuss potential answers to these basic questions, and we suggest how a dynamic process can guide new ventures to acquire knowledge for developing resources and conducting business toward internationalization. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 11-18 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/827 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Chen Han is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has more than eight years working experience in product design, user experience design, and project management. She built and led an independent technical team to provide overall solutions and outsourcing services for various clients including world's top media, Internet startups, and multinational firms. Currently, she is working with the founder team of Pricebeater, a international startup offering tools for online shopping in North America. %2 Carleton University Adeleye Afolabi is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a Bachelor's degree in Information Resources Management from Babcock University in Nigeria. He is a business-driven technology enthusiast with high-level management experience as the co-founder of Aregen Apparel, Afolexy Project Limited, and Abidafosi Enterprises; a smart-casual clothing company, a registered trucking and haulage business, and a petroleum transport company, respectively. He has work experience in the fields of broadcasting (streaming and telnetting) and finance, with Zenith Bank Group. His research interests include technopreneurial innovation, business information management, and social media marketing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/827 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Disruptive Innovation vs Disruptive Technology: The Disruptive Potential of the Value Propositions of 3D Printing Technology Startups %A Finn Hahn %A Søren Jensen %A Stoyan Tanev %K 3D printing technology %K additive manufacturing %K disruptive innovation %K value proposition %X This article describes an empirical study focusing on the classification of existing business opportunities in the 3D printing technology sector. The authors address three research questions. First, how do technology startups integrate new 3D printing technologies into specific market offers? Second, which value propositions are most attractive in terms of interest from the public and investors? Third, how does the degree of disruptiveness of value propositions relate to the degree of interest from the public and investors? The most notable finding is the link between the business traction of 3D printing technology startups and the degree of disruptiveness of their value propositions. Thus, the article provides empirical support for the conceptualization of the degree of disruptiveness of the value proposition as a metric for the evaluation of the business potential of new technology startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 27-36 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/855 %N 12 %1 Egatec A/S Finn Hahn is a Product Development Engineer at Egatec A/S in Odense, Denmark. He holds an MSc (Eng) degree in Product Development & Innovation from the University of Southern Denmark and a BEng in Interaction Design. His special interest is in shaping technology in a way that technology products and systems become more meaningful to people. Finn is also working with entrepreneurship and business-development strategies where he is trying to incorporate the insights gained in the area of interaction design. %2 University of Southern Denmark Søren Jensen is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. Previously, he worked in a seed-financing company analyzing technology business ideas. As investment analyst, his special interests lay within intellectual property and technology assessment. He now teaches intellectual property and entrepreneurial business understanding. Søren is also Head of the PDI MSC engineering program, an interdisciplinary engineering program training students to act on the border between technical and business understanding. %3 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. He also holds a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, born-global technology startups, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is a Senior IEEE member, and he is a member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/855 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Does Social Innovation Require Social Entrepreneurship? %A Asceline Groot %A Ben Dankbaar %K entrepreneurship %K institutional change %K Schumpeter %K social change %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %K sustainability %X Social innovation is now considered an important element in the search for solutions to pressing social problems. Inspired by Schumpeter’s conceptualization of innovation, "social" entrepreneurship is thought to contribute to "social" innovation in more or less the same way that "normal" entrepreneurship consists of the introduction of "normal" innovations. In the literature as well as in practice, the definition of concepts such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship has led to considerable confusion. We aim to bring clarity to the debate, arguing that every entrepreneurial action results in some measure of intended or unintended social innovation, regardless of whether the entrepreneurs in question are considered or consider themselves "social" or not. We test our insights in an investigation of 20 social enterprises that have a commercial business model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 17-26 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/854 %N 12 %1 ASN Bank Asceline Groot is Senior Communications Officer at ASN Bank, a Dutch consumer bank that focuses on sustainable investments. She is responsible for the online community of ASN Bank "Voor de Wereld van Morgen| (For the World of Tomorrow). She is also a part-time PhD candidate at the Institute of Management Research of the Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Her research is concerned with the effects of social entrepreneurs on society. She is the author of the books Het Nieuwe Groen (The New Green) and Dromen voor Altijd (Dreams for Ever). %2 Radboud University Nijmegen Ben Dankbaar is Emeritus Professor of Innovation Management at Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He is currently a part-time professor at the Automotive Institute of the HAN University of Applied Sciences in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and he is partner in InnoTeP (Innovation in Theory and Practice). He studied social sciences and economics at the University of Amsterdam and has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maastricht in The Netherlands. Ben Dankbaar has published widely on issues of technical change, work organization, innovation management, and industrial policy. He is also an expert on developments in the automobile industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/854 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Down the Rabbit Hole: How Structural Holes in Entrepreneurs' Social Networks Impact Early Venture Growth %A Mackenzie Adams %A Maged Makramalla %A Walter Miron %K entrepreneurs %K institutional order %K social networks %K structural holes %K venture growth %X Social networks play a significant role in the success of new entrepreneurial ventures. They provide an accumulation of tangible and intangible resources that are linked to entrepreneurial outcomes such as growth and innovation. The structure of social networks, specifically, has been linked to these outcomes; structural holes in social networks have shown an association with entrepreneurial success. Entrepreneurs who have many structural holes in their networks are thought to benefit from a rich source of divergent information. This article examines the complex nature of the relationships among social networks, formal institutions, and the outcomes of new ventures. It also explores the effects of a social network’s structural holes on growth in the early years of a venture’s development. We propose that structural holes of a social network, through a mediating role of institutional polycentrism, play an important role in the growth and profitability of a new venture as well as potential threats of exploitation. We then provide recommendations based on the reviewed literature for entrepreneurs and managers of formal institutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 19-27 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/828 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Mackenzie Adams is a serial entrepreneur, a Senior Technical Communicator in the Oil and Gas industry, and a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is also a Principal at THINQ I/O, a consulting company. Over the past 15 years, Mackenzie has worked in a variety of fields ranging from social work to accounting and has used those experiences to develop strong strategic and analytical skills. She is interested in the fields of artificial intelligence and quantum computing, and how they relate to cybersecurity. %2 Carleton University Maged Makramalla is a current graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechatronics Engineering from the German University in Cairo, Egypt. For three years, he has been working as Manager of the Sales and Marketing Department of TREND, a trading and engineering company based in Cairo. His primary research interest lies in the improvement of educational techniques by introducing experiential learning into the regular curriculum while promoting gamification of educational methods. %3 Carleton University Walter Miron is a Director of Technology Strategy at TELUS Communications, where he is responsible for the evolution of their TCP/IP and optical networks. He has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and service provider networking conducting technology selection and service development projects. Walter is a member of the research program committee of the SAVI project, the Heavy Reading Global Ethernet Executive Council, and the ATOPs SDN/nFV Working Group. He is also Chair of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and a board member of the Centre of Excellence for Next Generation Networking (CENGN) in Ottawa, Canada. Walter is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/828 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (November 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K crimeware %K cyber-attacks %K cybersecurity %K globalization %K malware %K safety %K science of cybersecurity %K scientific contributions %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/843 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/843 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (October 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K cyberattacks %K cybersecurity %K cyberthreats %K information technology %K network security %K research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/833 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/833 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Emerging Technologies (March 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A David Hudson %K 3D printing %K big data analytics %K BYOD %K crowdsourcing %K emerging technology %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K IT consumerization %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-6 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/769 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University David Hudson is a lecturer in information technology and innovation in the MBA program at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He is a Director of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and the Lead To Win entrepreneurship program, and he is the Chair of the Advisory Board for the Province of Ontario Centres of Excellence Information, Communication, and Digital Media Sector. David also consults with F500 firms on innovation management. David's doctoral research at Carleton focused on IT consumerization and how employees create value for themselves and their firms when they "BYOD". Previously, he was the Vice President for advanced research and development at a large technology firm and has received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/769 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship (December 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K 3D printing %K business models %K commercialization %K disruption %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K innovation capacity %K innovation culture %K patents %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %K spinoffs %K university technology transfer %K value propositions %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-5 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/852 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/852 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India (August 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A Kalyan Kumar Guin %K education %K entrepreneurship %K government support %K India %K innovation %K knowledge systems %K policy %K service innovation %K stakeholders %K startups %K uncertainty %K university %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/816 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kalyan Kumar Guin is Dean and Professor at the Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India, and he is a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. His teaching interests cover marketing and operations management, and he has a special interest in quantitative modelling of strategic issues in management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/816 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Insights (July 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K ambidexterity %K business ecosystems %K business models %K entrepreneurship %K improvisation %K innovation %K Internet of Things %K knowledge-intensive business services %K platforms %K public good %K publicly funded research %K standards %K strategy %K value co-creation %K value design %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/806 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/806 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Insights (September 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K born global %K crowdsourcing %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K internationalization %K patent citations %K patent evaluation %K social networks %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/825 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/825 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Open Source Business (January 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K business models %K collaboration %K ecosystems %K licensing %K open data %K open source business %K open source software %K patterns %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/755 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/755 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Opportunities and Capabilities (June 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K capabilities %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K IT capabilities %K IT function %K mobile services %K opportunities %K organizational legitimacy %K patent citations %K patent value %K professional services %K service innovation %K strategy %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/798 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/798 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Seeking Solutions (February 2014) %A Chris McPhee %K collaboration %K employee entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurial orientation %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K Seeking Solutions %K technology adoption %K value creation %K virtual proximity %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-4 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/762 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/762 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Service and Innovation (April 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A Marja Toivonen %A Risto Rajala %A Mika Westerlund %K internationalization %K knowledge-intensive business services %K service business development %K service innovation %K service providers %K social platforms %K value chains %K value creation %K value-in-use %K word-of-mouth communication %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-5 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/779 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Marja Toivonen is Research Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, her specialty being service innovation and service business models. She is also Adjunct Professor at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Marja has written several articles on service-related topics and been an invited speaker in many international conferences focusing on these topics. She is a council member of the European Association for Research on Services (RESER), and she is a member of the European Union's 2013–2014 High-Level Expert Group on Business Services. %3 Aalto University Risto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Rajala holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University School of Business. His recent research has dealt with management of complex service systems, development of digital services, service innovation, and business model performance. Rajala’s specialties include management of industrial services, collaborative service innovation, knowledge management, and design of digital services. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/779 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Editorial: Service and Innovation (May 2014) %A Chris McPhee %A Risto Rajala %A Marja Toivonen %A Mika Westerlund %K collaboration %K innovation indicators %K innovation practices %K intellectual property %K knowledge-intensive business services %K living labs %K online gaming %K service business development %K service design %K service innovation %K service-dominant logic %K trademarks %K value chains %K value creation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 3-5 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/788 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Aalto University Risto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Rajala holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University School of Business. His recent research has dealt with management of complex service systems, development of digital services, service innovation, and business model performance. Rajala’s specialties include management of industrial services, collaborative service innovation, knowledge management, and design of digital services. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre Marja Toivonen is Research Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, her specialty being service innovation and service business models. She is also Adjunct Professor at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Marja has written several articles on service-related topics and been an invited speaker in many international conferences focusing on these topics. She is a council member of the European Association for Research on Services (RESER), and she is a member of the European Union's 2013–2014 High-Level Expert Group on Business Services. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/788 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Effective Digital Channel Marketing for Cybersecurity Solutions %A Mika Westerlund %A Risto Rajala %K cybersecurity %K digital channel marketing %K marketing %K retailer %K sales %K supplier %K value-added reseller %K VAR %X Smaller organizations are prime targets for hackers and malware, because these businesses lack cybersecurity plans and the resources to survive a serious security incident. To exploit this market opportunity, cybersecurity solution providers need to leverage the power of downstream channel members. We investigate how a supplier's digital channel marketing can encourage value-added resellers to sell that supplier’s cybersecurity solutions. Our analysis of survey data from 109 value-added resellers of a multinational supplier shows that resellers are more committed to stock and sell cybersecurity products and services if the supplier’s digital channel marketing provides tools that help them sell the solutions to end customers. This support is likely needed because cybersecurity offerings are technologically complex and systemic by nature, as supported by the finding that value-added resellers pay little attention to supplier’s campaigns and price discounts. Thus, cybersecurity suppliers should maintain trusted and informative relationships with their resellers and provide them with hands-on sales tools, because a reseller's commitment to selling cybersecurity solutions is linked with their ability to understand the offering and with the extent of their supplier relationship. These findings are in line with previous literature on the challenges perceived by salespeople in selling novel and complex technology. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 22-32 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/836 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.), is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley, in the United States, and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his first doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. He is also a PhD student at Aalto University in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management. His current research interests include user innovation, industrial ecology, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Aalto University Risto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ), is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Rajala holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University School of Business. His recent research concerns the management of complex service systems, development of digital services, service innovation, and business model performance. Rajala’s specialties include management of industrial services, collaborative service innovation, knowledge management, and design of digital services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/836 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Electronic Word-of-Mouth Communication for Local Service Providers %A Nora Schütze %K agent-based simulation %K electronic word-of-mouth %K local service provider %K threshold model %X Word-of-mouth communication is a valuable means of marketing for small, local service providers. Face-to-face transmission is most prevalent, but electronic word-of-mouth is on the rise. Through the results of an agent-based simulation, this article shows that the penetration of word-of-mouth for a small service provider, who is locally restricted due to the inseparability of production and consumption, could benefit less from a growth in word-of-mouth connections than a larger service provider. Only if the added electronic connections are mainly local, small and larger service providers have similar effects on the penetration of word-of-mouth. The article includes a discussion of how small service providers could react to this threat. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 35-42 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/783 %N 4 %1 Cottbus University of Technology Nora Schütze is a PhD student at Cottbus University of Technology, Germany. Her current research focuses on e-commerce and the network formation phase of small service providers. In addition to her research, she works as a management consultant to help clients change mindsets and behaviours. She has also studied sociology and political science at the University of Mannheim, Germany. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/783 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Enabling Employee Entrepreneurship in Large Technology Firms %A Walter Miron %A David Hudson %K autonomy %K competitive aggressiveness %K corporate venturing %K development projects %K emancipation %K employee entrepreneurship %K entrepreneurial orientation %K innovativeness %K intrapraneurship %K proactiveness %K risk taking %K value creation %X Managers of development projects in large technology firms face a dilemma. They operate under pressure to achieve predictable quality, cost, and schedule objectives but are also expected to encourage their employees to act entrepreneurially. Given the uncertain nature of the entrepreneurial process, these managers often cling to existing practices and values and consequently inhibit their employees’ ability to act entrepreneurially. In this article, we examine the product development and entrepreneurship literature streams to identify the barriers that managers of development projects of large technology firms face in allowing employees to act entrepreneurially. We organize these barriers using the five components of entrepreneurial orientation: risk taking, proactiveness, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy. Then, building on the literature and our combined 40 years of experience managing development projects in large technology firms, we provide recommendations to managers on how to overcome these barriers. A better understanding of how to enable employees to act entrepreneurially will increase the entrepreneurial orientation of development projects in large technology firms. The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and development project performance is expected to be curvilinear. Therefore, an increase in entrepreneurial orientation is expected to improve the performance of development projects up to a point after which it is expected to decrease it. This article will be particularly relevant to researchers interested in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and project performance as well as managers in technology firms who want to achieve their operational milestones while maximizing the entrepreneurial value creation of their employees. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 23-32 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/766 %N 2 %1 TELUS Communications Walter Miron is a Director of Technology Strategy at TELUS Communications, where he is responsible for the evolution of their TCP/IP and optical networks. He has over 20 years of experience in enterprise and service provider networking conducting technology selection and service development projects. Walter is a member of the research program committee of the SAVI project, the Heavy Reading Global Ethernet Executive Council, the ATOPs SDN/nFV Working Group, and he represents TELUS at the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and Invest Ottawa. He is frequently a speaker at industry conferences and working groups. Walter is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Carleton University David Hudson is a lecturer in information technology and innovation in the MBA program at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He is a Director of the Venus Cybersecurity Corporation and the Lead To Win entrepreneurship program, and he is the Chair of the Advisory Board for the Province of Ontario Centres of Excellence Information, Communication, and Digital Media Sector. David also consults with F500 firms on innovation management. David's doctoral research at Carleton focused on IT consumerization and how employees create value for themselves and their firms when they "BYOD". Previously, he was the Vice President for advanced research and development at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. David received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/766 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Enhancing Innovation through Virtual Proximity %A Tom Coughlan %K clusters %K communication %K distance %K innovation %K tools %K virtual proximity %X Historically, innovation strategists have focused on leveraging local resources and the development of local clusters, which have relied heavily on personal contact. It was assumed that serendipity would occur through casual contact and that this contact would result in rapid sharing of ideas. Many studies have supported this concept; however, the pace of innovation has changed and the most successful organizations promote not only physical proximity but also virtual proximity to resources. Virtual proximity refers to the level of emotional closeness between individuals, as developed through the use of information and communications technologies. This article argues that organizations can and should look to develop local virtual relationships supported by physical proximity: the mix of both virtual proximity and physical proximity can increase an organization's innovation capability. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 17-22 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/765 %N 2 %1 Mercy College Tom Coughlan, DBA, is the Associate Dean of the School of Business at Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. He is also is an adjunct faculty in the graduate programs of the University of Phoenix, the Manhattan Institute of Management, the University of Bridgeport, and the Weller International Business School in Paris. His fields of practice include management, marketing, and e-business with a particular emphasis on the development of virtual proximity to increase levels of applied innovation within and across organizations. In addition to his academic activities, Dr. Coughlan has over 30 years of field experience as an entrepreneur, consultant, and marketing/management professional. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/765 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Entrepreneurship Education in India: A Critical Assessment and a Proposed Framework %A Rituparna Basu %K entrepreneurship %K India %K management education %K marketing %K qualitative research %X Entrepreneurship education is considered as one of the most influential forces that determine the health of the economy. Hence, ignoring controversies on whether entrepreneurship can be taught, the majority of the top business schools in India offer entrepreneurship education with tailored elective courses to inculcate a wide range of skills encompassing a multi-disciplinary approach among mature management students. However, considering the basic synergies of core management subjects such as marketing and entrepreneurship, both of which provide an opportunity to develop unique solutions to satisfy customer needs, the study of entrepreneurial aspects as a prerequisite for management education and research seems indispensable when specifically catering to the growing entrepreneurial intent in developing economies. This approach necessitates a compulsory initiation of entrepreneurship courses early in the curricula of contemporary business schools. In this context, the present article aims to qualitatively review the current entrepreneurship education regime in India to propose an effective ecosystem for integrating and promoting entrepreneurship education as fundamental to mainstream business education in India. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-10 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/817 %N 8 %1 International Management Institute Kolkata Rituparna Basu is Assistant Professor in Marketing, Retail, and Entrepreneurship at the International Management Institute in Kolkata, India. She earned her PhD in Management from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur. She holds a BSc in Economics from St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, and she received a gold medal for her MBA degree. Dr. Basu has over 10 years of industry-academia experience, and she has worked with some of the best-known media companies as well as a startup niche magazine in national sales and marketing profiles for around five years prior to joining IIT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/817 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Finding the Signal in the Noise of Patent Citations: How to Focus on Relevance for Strategic Advantage %A Derek Smith %K citation noise %K citation-based patent evaluation %K intellectual property %K literature review %K patent evaluation %K patent evaluation limitations %K prior art citations %X Patent evaluations based on prior art citation data are business methodologies that can reveal hidden relationships between a patent and the associated prior art citations. These hidden relationships can further identify firms, actors and, technology and can identify strategic business relationships and opportunities. However, a fundamental problem with existing methodologies for discovering relevant relationships in citation data is noise. Citation noise obscures relevant relationships and impedes the potential value of these methodologies. This article reviews the literature on prior art citations as they relate to citation-based patent evaluation methodologies. A framework is presented to overcome citation noise and reveal relevant relationships to evaluate knowledge, technology, and invention properties, thereby opening up strategic and competitive advantages to the evaluating firm. The article provides guidance to executives and managers to help improve strategic decision making through relevant citation-based patent evaluations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 36-44 %8 09/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/830 %N 9 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States, and he has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada, and Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director of Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, for which he was awarded a Senate Medal for Outstanding Academic Achievement. His thesis is "A New Methodology For Citation Dependent Patent Evaluations". Derek also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering, also from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/830 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Finnish Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in China: Market Entry and Position in the Value Chain %A Sen Bao %A Marja Toivonen %K internationalization of services %K KIBS %K knowledge-intensive business services %K Western companies in China %X The internationalization of companies offering knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) plays an important role in the general process of globalization. As the largest emerging market, China is attractive for Western KIBS. This article presents a case study on Finnish KIBS in China. Three companies in "clean tech" engineering, eco-cities design, and 3D media solutions describe the challenges and promoting factors in entering the Chinese markets. The study also examines the various ways of positioning the firm in the value chain through the roles of an integrator, a concept developer, and a multi-stage actor. Our findings illustrate the new business opportunities provided by China in advanced service sectors focusing on sustainability issues and creative content. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 43-52 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/784 %N 4 %1 Aalto University Sen Bao is PhD candidate in the School of Science at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, where he also holds a Master’s degree in Service Management and Engineering. He also works as Research Scientist in Business Ecosystems Development at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. He has over 4 years’ working experience in service industries, half of it in the ICT sector. Currently, his research interests focus on service business development and internationalization of services. He is carrying out a research project on the service activities of Finnish manufacturers and technological knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in China. %2 VTT Technical Research Centre Marja Toivonen is Research Professor at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, her specialty being service innovation and service business models. She is also Adjunct Professor at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Marja has written several articles on service-related topics and been an invited speaker in many international conferences focusing on these topics. She is a council member of the European Association for Research on Services (RESER), and she is a member of the European Union's 2013–2014 High-Level Expert Group on Business Services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/784 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Formulating an Executive Strategy for Big Data Analytics %A Gopalakrishna Palem %K big data %K business vision %K executive strategy %K IT entrepreneurship %K predictive analytics %X The recent surge in big data technologies has left many executives, both of well-established organizations and emerging startups, wondering how best to harness big data. In particular, the analytics aspect of big data is enticing for both information technology (IT) service providers and non-IT firms because of its potential for high returns on investment, which have been heavily publicized, if not clearly demonstrated, by multiple whitepapers, webinars, and research surveys. Although executives may clearly perceive the benefits of big data analytics to their organizations, the path to the goal is not as clear or easy as it looks. And, it is not just the established organizations that have this challenge; even startups trying to take advantage of this big data analytics opportunity are facing the same problem of lack of clarity on what to do or how to formulate an executive strategy. This article is primarily for executives who are looking for help in formulating a strategy for achieving success with big data analytics in their operations. It provides guidelines to them plan an organization's short-term and long-term goals, and presents a strategy tool, known as the delta model, to develop a customer-centric approach to success with big data analytics. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 25-34 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/773 %N 3 %1 Gopalakrishna Palem is a Corporate Technology Strategist specialized in distributed computing technologies and advanced predictive analytics solutions. During his 12-year tenure at Microsoft and Oracle, he helped many customers build their executive strategy for various technology initiatives, driving the brand-name promotions and improved revenue targets. He offers consultations for C-level executives in technology management strategy and is actively engaged in guiding researchers and entrepreneurs in knowledge modelling systems, algorithmic information theory, and systems control and automata. He can be reached at gopalakrishna.palem.in %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/773 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Generative Innovation Practices, Customer Creativity, and the Adoption of New Technology Products %A Stoyan Tanev %A Marianne Harbo Frederiksen %K co-creation %K customer creativity %K customer value %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K technology adoption %X We offer a critical reflection on one of the key reasons for the startlingly low success rate of innovation initiatives worldwide – the fact that the interactive environment surrounding the customer is a critical part of the adoption process; it can and should be designed in a way that enables customer creativity, and thus adoption. In this article, we embrace a definition of innovation as “the adoption of a new practice by a community” where the innovator is the one who does not only sense and move into new opportunities but also mobilizes all the necessary resources needed by customers to adopt a new practice. The emphasis on adoption merges together innovation and entrepreneurship by shifting the focus from the inventor and the designer, through the entrepreneur, to the ultimate recipient of the innovative outcomes. Looking at customers as co-creators is critically important for technological product adoption; missing the chance to enable their creativity is equivalent to missing the opportunity of seeing them for who they really are. The result is a distorted vision that is ultimately rooted in the misconception of the dynamics of customer value. We particularly emphasize two points: i) the increasing degree of complexity of everyday technological products requires a higher degree of creativity by customers to adopt; and ii) customer creativity is not only a function of user-technology interaction, it is a function of the various actors in the interactive environment surrounding the customer such as other customers, other technologies, local distributors, customer/technical support providers, and competitors. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-10 %8 02/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/763 %N 2 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, born global technology startup business model development and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member and member of the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %2 University of Southern Denmark Marianne Harbo Frederiksen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and a member of the Centre for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark. Currently, she is also a PhD student focusing on creative processes and outcomes in connection with new product development and adoption and therefore the linkages between creativity and innovation. She has an MSc in Architecture from the Aarhus School of Architecture, Denmark, with a specialization within industrial design and product development. She has been co-owner of a design company and has worked in and together with several industries as a designer and R&D Manager as well as an adviser in public-private research projects focusing on user experience, experience designing, and other aspects of product development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/763 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Government of India's Role in Promoting Innovation through Policy Initiatives for Entrepreneurship Development %A Ravindra Abhyankar %K economic growth %K entrepreneurship %K government %K India %K innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K policy %X In spite of having a large publicly funded science and technology infrastructure and a sizeable education base, India has not been able to realize its innovative potential due to a fragmented innovation ecosystem. The government of India has taken many initiatives towards strengthening the innovation ecosystem, the most important of which are: i) the establishment of the National Innovation Council, whose mandate is to coordinate various innovation-related activities, and ii) the new Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013, which is intended to promote entrepreneurship and science-led solutions for sustainable and inclusive growth. With a focus on this new policy initiative, this article describes the current innovation ecosystem and the challenges it faces, and it discusses the efforts made by the government towards the promotion of innovation for entrepreneurship development and sustainable growth. With the implementation of this new policy the early indications are that India is poised to take a big leap towards innovation-led growth. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 11-17 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/818 %N 8 %1 Ravindra Abhyankar is an Electrical Engineer who has worked in the Government of India in various capacities. After working for 17 years in the Ministry of Defense (1974–1990) in the field of quality assurance, technical development, and indigenization of various fighter aircraft and other aeronautical systems, he joined the Ministry of Science and Technology in the Department of Scientific and Industrial research (DSIR). In this ministry, he handled various responsibilities such as administering fiscal incentives for R&D and supporting innovation at the individual and industrial levels for over 20 years (1990–2011). He was the nodal officer in the Government of India for the Asian and Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology (APCTT), which is a United Nations initiative dedicated to capacity building of Asia-Pacific countries to nurture and promote national innovation systems and also to create enabling environments for the development and transfer of technology and R&D management. He has also functioned as an Adviser to the Science and Technology Minister of Mozambique (2012–2014) in the creation of a publicly funded R&D system for the benefit of Mozambican industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/818 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T HarassMap: Using Crowdsourced Data to Map Sexual Harassment in Egypt %A Chelsea Young %K crowdsourcing %K data collection %K HarassMap %K international development %K social policy %K user contribution systems %X Through a case study of HarassMap, an advocacy, prevention, and response tool that uses crowdsourced data to map incidents of sexual harassment in Egypt, this article examines the application of crowdsourcing technology to drive innovation in the field of social policy. This article applies a framework that explores the potential, limitations, and future applications of crowdsourcing technology in this sector to reveal how crowdsourcing technology can be applied to overcome cultural and environmental constraints that have traditionally impeded the collection of data. Many of the lessons emerging from this case study hold relevance beyond the field of social policy. Applied to specific problems, this technology can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of mitigation strategies, while facilitating rapid and informed decision making based on "good enough" data. However, this case also illustrates a number of challenges arising from the integrity of crowdsourced data and the potential for ethical conflict when using this data to inform policy formulation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 7-13 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/770 %N 3 %1 International Development Research Centre Chelsea Young is a research award recipient at the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Ottawa, Canada. She is currently working with the Risk Management and Internal Audit department, and her research is focused on the role of internal audit in strengthening accountability and effectiveness in public financial management in developing countries. Previously, she supported the consulting function of Frame, a research oriented NGO based in Beirut that offers multidisciplinary services to advance initiatives on good governance, citizen participation, conflict and peace, and strategic development. She holds an MBA in International Development Management from Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada, and a BA in Political Science and History from the University of Ottawa. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/770 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Improvising Entrepreneurship %A Tom Duxbury %K adaptation %K agile development %K bricolage %K effectuation %K entrepreneurship %K improvisation %K improvised behaviour %K lean startup %X Improvisation is reviewed in the context of mainstream routines that modern startups use to adapt to changing environments. The increasing interest in flexible methodologies such as lean startup is one indication that organizations need to consider alternatives when the rate of change exceeds the ability to plan for it. Empirical studies indicate that improvisation is an important, yet understudied part of organizational life in new ventures. It is argued that entrepreneurs improvise not just out of necessity, but because they have chosen an occupation that is congruent with the practice and likely have a disposition towards the behaviour. Lessons from contexts in jazz and theatre are provided for entrepreneurs, and it is recommended that evidence of past success with improvisation be used to select candidates for improvisational work. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 22-26 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/809 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Tom Duxbury teaches innovation and entrepreneurship at the Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, where he is a PhD candidate. A serial entrepreneur, startup advisor, and executive, Tom has co-founded several technology ventures and been awarded a variety of patents. Tom earned an engineering degree from the University of Waterloo and an MBA from Queen's University. He is currently developing a behaviour-based measure of improvisation as part of his doctoral research. For further information, or to participate in his study of improvisation, please contact the author. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/809 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Innovation in Services: A Literature Review %A Rabeh Morrar %K assimilation approach %K demarcation approach %K economic performance %K innovation %K service innovation %K synthesis approach %X The article reviews the literature relevant to innovation in services, which has flourished since the 1990s. We discuss the definition of service and to what extent the characteristics of service output have influenced the conceptualization of innovation in services. Then, based on the literature review, we develop a conceptual framework for innovation in service sector, which classifies innovation in service sector into three main approaches: i) assimilation, where innovation in the service sector is assimilated from innovation in manufacturing sector; ii) demarcation, which differentiates innovation in service sector from the traditional conceptualization of innovation in manufacturing sector; and iii) synthesis, which aggregates both assimilation and demarcation approaches within a common conceptual framework. We discuss the relationship between innovation in services and economic performance using productivity and employment as two indicators of performance. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 6-14 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/780 %N 4 %1 An-Najah National University Rabeh Morrar is an Assistant Professor of Innovation Economics at An-Najah National University in Nablus, Palestine. Rabeh's doctoral dissertation from Lille 1 University in France focused on public-private innovation networks in the service sector, and his current research is focused on innovation in the service sector, R&D management, and technology management. Rabeh is also CEO of BEST, a small business in Palestine that provides innovation solutions and training. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/780 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Innovation Opportunities: An Overview of Standards and Platforms in the Video Game Industry %A Mikael Laakso %A Linus Nyman %K arcade games %K computer games %K console games %K innovation %K mobile games %K platforms %K standards %K video game industry %X The video game industry offers insights into the significance of standards and platforms. Furthermore, it shows examples of how new entrants can offer innovative services, while reducing their own risk, through bridging the boundaries between standards. Through an exploration of both past and present, this article aims to serve as a primer for understanding, firstly, the technological standards and platforms of the video game industry, and secondly, the recent innovations within the video game industry that have enabled products to be made available across platforms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 15-21 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/808 %N 7 %1 Hanken School of Economics Mikael Laakso is a postdoctoral researcher at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. He has published research on open access in scientific publishing and standardization of construction IT. Mikael has a Doctoral and Master’s degree in Information Systems Science from the Hanken School of Economics. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is a doctoral researcher at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he has recently submitted his PhD on code forking in open source software. Linus has a Master’s degree in Economics from the Hanken School of Economics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/808 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Integrating Design for All in Living Labs %A Madeleine Gray %A Mikaël Mangyoku %A Artur Serra %A Laia Sánchez %A Francesc Aragall %K 3H %K co-creation %K design %K design for all %K health %K HUMBLES %K ICT %K innovation %K living labs %K LUPI %K methodologies %K service prototyping %K services %K social care %K urban design %K user-centred approaches %X The European Union has identified innovation as a key driver behind business competitiveness and responsive governance. However, innovation in and of itself may not be sufficient to help businesses bring new products to market and to help governments shape public services that meet the real needs of citizens. The Integrating Design for All in Living Labs (IDeALL) project sought to identify and test methodologies for designing with users in real-life settings. The results of the experiments showed how different methodologies can be applied in different contexts, helping to provide solutions to societal issues and to create products and services that genuinely meet user requirements. In this article, we describe the methodologies used in the IDeALL project and provide examples of the project's experiments and case studies across four main areas: i) services; ii) health and social care; iii) information and communication technology; and iv) urban design. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 50-59 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/793 %N 5 %1 Design for All Foundation Madeleine Gray is the former Communication Manager at the Design for All Foundation. She has worked in the area of universal design for several years, having previously worked as Head of Knowledge Development at the Centre for Accessible Environments where she was editor of the inclusive-design journal Access by Design. Based in Barcelona, the Foundation works to compile and disseminate information in the area of design for all, as well as to recognise examples of best practice through its annual awards scheme and Flag of Towns and Cities for All. %2 IDeALL Mikaël Mangyoku is the Living Lab Project Manager for the Campus Manufacture Plaine Achille near the Cité du design and the European Project Manager for IDeALL. He has an Innovation Project Management and Industrial Design Master's degree from Strate College in Sèvres, France. He is both an engineer and a designer, and his research compares and analyses user-centred methodologies. %3 i2cat Foundation Artur Serra has been Deputy Director of the i2cat Foundation in Catalonia, Spain, since its creation in 2003. In 2006, he started from i2cat the project Anella Cultural (Cultural Ring), which connects the cultural community from five cities in Barcelona and Catalonia to a future Internet media infrastructure. He is a founding member of the European Network of Living Labs, and he organizes public-private-citizens partnerships fostering open innovation projects in Spain, such as Citilab.eu. %4 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Laia Sánchez is responsible for the Social Media Lab at Citilab and is Assistant Professor of Comunication Sciences Faculty in the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. %# Design for All Foundation Francesc Aragall is President of the Design for All Foundation in Barcelona, Spain, and Director of ProAsolutions, a consultancy company for urban and infrastructures design and strategic planning. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/793 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T IT Consumerization: A Case Study of BYOD in a Healthcare Setting %A Sarah Marshall %K BYOD %K clinical mobile applications %K electronic patient records %K healthcare %K iPad %K IT consumerization %K mobile devices %X The ubiquity and utility of mobile devices in the consumer domain has led organizations to consider the benefits and challenges of allowing their employees to BYOD, or "bring your own device". The consumerization of information technology is a natural transition considering that devices are now commonplace in the personal lives of employees; however, despite the potential benefits to both the organization and employees, the use of employee-owned devices raises issues relating to security, governance, processes, and even organizational culture. This article focuses on the implementation of BYOD in a healthcare setting. First, the challenges of implementing BYOD in the healthcare industry are examined. Next, a case study of The Ottawa Hospital is developed to illustrate the practical benefits and hurdles that must be overcome when hospital staff begin using consumer IT devices in the workplace. Finally, recommendations are offered to help healthcare organizations develop and implement a successful BYOD strategy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 14-18 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/771 %N 3 %1 The Ottawa Hospital Sarah Marshall is a Systems Operator at The Ottawa Hospital, and she recently received her MBA in Change Management from Carleton University's Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. She also holds a Bachelor of International Business from Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/771 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Mobile Convergence and Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Innovative Products and Services %A Jeff Moretz %A Chirag Surti %K Canada %K competition %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K mobile convergence %K mobile services %K wireless pricing %X Our research on 2012 and 2013 Canadian wireless service pricing indicates that data was underpriced relative to traditional voice and text messaging services. Such a situation, while potentially disadvantaging consumers of traditional mobile services, created a market that favoured competitors pursuing innovative uses of mobile data. Although more competitive pressures in the telecommunications market would provide broader benefits to Canadian consumers and facilitate greater innovation in related services, a favorable pricing differential vis-à-vis data transmission provides useful incentives. Even with recent changes to the pricing of mobile services in Canada, we should expect continued development of services that substitute data for voice and text messaging, particularly for international communications, as well as more innovative uses of mobile data. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 14-21 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/800 %N 6 %1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Jeff Moretz is Assistant Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) in Oshawa, Canada. He obtained his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and has an MBA and two undergraduate degrees from Michigan State University, USA. He is a recovering consultant, having worked for McKinsey & Company in Chicago after his MBA studies. Prior to joining the UOIT, he worked at University College Cork in Ireland, researching open source software communities and open innovation. His research interests focus on the impact of information, openness, and information technologies on innovation, business models, and strategies. %2 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Chirag Surti is an Assistant Professor of Logistics and Supply Chain Management at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) in Oshawa, Canada. He earned a PhD degree from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and a Master of Science in Industrial Engineering from the State University of New York in Buffalo, USA. His primary research interest is in the area supply chain management and understanding and analyzing the role process innovation can play in boosting productivity. He is a recipient of NSERC Discovery and SSHRC Partnership grants. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/800 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Online World of the Future: Safe, Productive, and Creative %A Tony Bailetti %A Renaud Levesque %A D’Arcy Walsh %K bisociation %K cybersecurity %K excludability %K future vision %K Industrial Internet %K Internet %K Internet of Everything %K Internet of Things %K online %K productivity %K rivalry %K safety %K security %X A safer online world is required to attain higher levels of productivity and creativity. We offer a view of a future state of the online world that places safety, productivity, and creativity above all else. The online world envisaged for 2030 is safe (i.e., users communicate with accuracy and enduring confidence), productive (i.e., users make timely decisions that have an ongoing global effect), and creative (i.e., users can connect seemingly unrelated information online). The proposed view differs from other views of the future online world that are anchored around technology solutions, confrontation, deception, and personal or commercial gain. The following seven conditions characterize the proposed view of the online world: i) global-scale autonomous learning systems; ii) humans co-working with machines; iii) human factors that are authentic and transferrable; iv) global scale whole-brain communities; v) foundational knowledge that is authentic and transferrable; vi) timely productive communication; and vii) continuous technological adaptation. These conditions are expected to enable new social-behavioural, socio-technical, and organizational interaction models. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 5-12 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/834 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Communications Security Establishment Renaud Levesque is the Director General of Core Systems at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada, where he is responsible for R&D and systems development. He has significant experience in the delivery of capability and organizational change in highly technical environments. His career began at CSE in 1986 as a Systems Engineer, responsible for the development and deployment of numerous systems, including the CSE IP corporate network in 1991. In 2000 Renaud went to work in the private sector as Head of Speech Technologies at Locus Dialogue, and later at Infospace Inc., where he became Director of Speech Solutions Engineering. He rejoined CSE in 2003, where he assumed the lead role in the IT R&D section. Subsequently, as a Director General, he focused efforts towards the emergence of CSE's Joint Research Office and The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing. Renaud holds a Bachelor of Engineering from l’École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Canada. %3 Communications Security Establishment D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada. His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/834 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration in an Open Source Ecosystem %A Derek Smith %A Asrar Alshaikh %A Rawan Bojan %A Anish Kak %A Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh %K business ecosystem %K collaboration %K collaboration barriers %K communities %K competitors %K complementors %K core community %K governance %K open source %X Leveraging open source practices provides value to businesses when entrepreneurs and managers understand how to collaborate effectively in an open source ecosystem. However, the complex mix of different actors and varying barriers to effective collaboration in the ecosystem pose a substantial challenge. How can a business create and capture value if it depends on effective collaboration among these different groups? In this article, we review the published research on open source collaboration and reveal insights that will be beneficial to entrepreneurs and managers. We organize the published research into four streams based upon the following actor groups: i) governance actors, ii) competitors, iii) complementors, and iv) the core community. Then, through induction and synthesis, we identify barriers to collaboration, first by ecosystem and then by actor group. Finally, we offer six recommendations for identifying and overcoming barriers to collaboration in an open source ecosystem. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 18-27 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/758 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %2 Carleton University Asrar Abdulqader Alshaikh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a Bachelor of Accounting degree from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Her work experience includes customer service in a sale for distribution and communication company as well as working for the Alahli Bank (NCB) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Her main area of research interest is collaborative consumption. %3 Carleton University Rawan Mohammad Bojan is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has professional experience in the banking industry and holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. %4 Carleton University Anish Kak is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BEng degree in Computer Science Engineering, from Birla Institute of Technology in India. Anish has two years of experience in the information technology services sector, which he gained while working for Hewlett-Packard in India. His research interests include the electronic sports ecosystem. %# Carleton University Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds an MBA degree from Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business and also has a degree in Biomedical Engineering from Tehran Polytechnic University in Iran. He has 5 years of working experience in a medical equipment company and his main area of interest relates to crowdsourcing and international business. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/758 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Perceived Environmental Uncertainty for Startups: A Note on Entrepreneurship Research from an Indian Perspective %A Susmita Ghosh %A Bhaskar Bhowmick %A Kalyan Kumar Guin %K business environment %K emerging economies %K India %K startups %K uncertainty %X In an entrepreneurship environment, understanding uncertainty is critical to startups because it is directly related to the context of decision making. In an emerging country such as India, uncertainties are more predominant due to the very nature of the emerging country, which is characterized by an underdeveloped institutional setup, a lack of protection for legal and intellectual property rights, underdeveloped factor markets, and high transaction costs. In this article, a systematic review of the existing literature on environment and uncertainty in an entrepreneurial, emerging-economy context identifies a gap of a new scale for perceived environmental uncertainty. Three primary contributions are made by this research. First, a literature review for existing uncertainty scales and their evaluation in the context of emerging countries is provided. Second, the research identifies a gap in the uncertainty measurement literature that is relevant to emerging economies. Finally, this study proposes a future research scope that can bridge the identified gap by exploring the factors of uncertainty in emerging countries. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 27-35 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/820 %N 8 %1 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Susmita Ghosh is a Research Scholar at Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Currently she is pursuing her doctoral degree in Entrepreneurship, with a research focus on uncertainties in decision making for startups. Her other current research interests include entrepreneurial business incubation and uncertainty in product development. %2 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Bhaskar Bhowmick is an as Assistant Professor at Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He completed his PhD from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmadabad with a specialization in Business Policy. He has thirteen years of industry experience in sales and marketing. His research interests include strategy-sustenance-succession, leadership strategy, and uncertainty in product development, innovation, and entrepreneurship. %3 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kalyan Kumar Guin is Dean and Professor at the Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India, and he is a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. His teaching interests cover marketing and operations management, and he has a special interest in quantitative modelling of strategic issues in management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/820 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Product and Service Interaction in the Chinese Online Game Industry %A Patrik Ström %A Mirko Ernkvist %K China %K Korea %K MMOG %K network %K online gaming %K product and service %K service innovation %X This article examines the rapidly-growing online game industry in China, which is a prime example of the changing regional landscape of new creative industries in East Asia. The industry’s evolution in China demonstrates the complexity of the growth of this industry through various knowledge and production networks. Despite the fact that Chinese companies were initially a second mover in this industry and had limited technological competence, they managed to move up the value chain within a few years, from operators of foreign-developed games to game developers. The catch-up process in this creative industry has differed from traditional manufacturing industries, which reflects the responsiveness and close proximity between product and service as key elements of the online game experience. This article conceptualizes this product–service offering in the industry and highlights its requirement for a widespread geographical network, as well as close proximity and responsiveness between elements of the network. In the empirical study of the growth of the Chinese online game industry described here, we argue that Chinese companies have managed to grow by utilizing the strategic control of service, player preferences, and responsiveness in this network, and translating this control into constant incremental improvement of their game development offering. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 6-17 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/789 %N 5 %1 University of Gothenburg Patrik Ström is Associate Professor of Economic Geography at the Centre for International Business Studies, Department of Business Adminstration, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He holds a PhD in Business Adminstration from Roskilde University, Denmark and an Econ. Dr. in Economic Geography from the University of Gothenburg. Has was formerly a Pro Futura Fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in Uppsala, Sweden. His research focuses on the development of services economies in East Asia and integration of international services markets. Industries of particular interest are knowledge-intensive business services and creative industries such as online computer games. Patrik Ström is also the President of the European Association for Research on Services, RESER. %2 Ratio Institute Mirko Ernkvist wrote his PhD in Economic History on discontinuous technologies in gaming machine manufacturing. After his dissertation, he spent two years as a JSPS postdoctoral researcher at the University of Tokyo, Japan, focusing on the formation of technology-intensive companies and industry policy in the game industry, involving studies of the game industry in Japan, Korea, and China. He has studied the policy implication of the emergence of virtual economy for the World Bank. In 2012, Dr. Ernkvist joined the Ratio Institute as a Wallander Postdoctoral Researcher. He is currently involved in research about technological change and deregulation of industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/789 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Promoting Force of Technology for Service Innovation in High-Tech Industries %A Silvia Gliem %A Janny Klabuhn %A Nadine Litwin %K case studies %K dynamic model of process and product innovation %K reverse innovation cycle %K service innovation %K technology %K technology adoption %K technology development %K typologies %X This article focuses on the interaction between the development of technology and service innovation. It goes “back to the basics” by analyzing the first theoretical contributions to the service innovation literature from the late 1980s. These contributions were heavily technologically oriented: they aimed at bringing the results of technological innovation to the realm of services. More specifically, we focus on the model of “reverse innovation cycle” on one hand, and on the first innovation-specific categorization of services on the other. The latter introduced the division into supplier-dominated, production-intensive/scale-intensive, and science-based services. Our purpose is to examine in which ways these theoretical approaches could promote our understanding about the new phenomena of technology-service interaction in innovation. In the second part of the article, we apply these approaches in five case studies that originate from different service industries and that differ in size and technologies. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that the applicability of the approaches to the case studies depends on several factors including the kind of technology involved in the innovation activities, the stage of development of this technology, and the type of service. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 40-49 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/792 %N 5 %1 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Silvia Gliem is a PhD student in Business Administration at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She obtained her Bachelor’s degree in International Business Administration from European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany, and she holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her research interests focus on service productivity and service innovation research. She recently joined a research project that focuses on the improvement of health and safety in the workplace by means of a service robot. In the context of this project, she depicts the influence of physical surroundings and safety in the workplace on employees. %2 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Janny Klabuhn is a PhD student in Industrial Engineering at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She holds a diploma in Industrial Engineering from Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her fields of research include human resource management, innovation management, and automation technology. She is part of a research project that aims at the development of a service robot to improve health and safety in the workplace. Within this project, she analyzes the transformational processes in human resources originating from the increasing application of automation technology in certain service industries. %3 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Nadine Litwin is a PhD student in Business Administration at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. She received her diploma in Industrial Engineering from the Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany. Her research encompasses rapid prototyping, production processes, and disruptive innovation. In particular, she focuses on the diffusion of technologies that endanger firm’s traditional competitive strategies, and the potential reorganization needs for manufacturing industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/792 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Q&A. What is the Future of Entrepreneurship in India? %A Ritu Dubey %K ecosystem %K entrepreneurship %K incubators %K India %K social entrepreneurship %K support agencies %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 46-49 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/822 %N 8 %1 JSSATE Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park Ritu Dubey is Senior Manager of the JSSATE Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park in Noida, India, which is a technology business incubator supported by the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology. For the past four years, she has been active in the development sector in the domain of innovation and entrepreneurship promotion. She has also been managing the incubator’s seed fund scheme for technology startups and managed the outreach centre for innovation funding under the Technopreneur Promotion Programme of the government's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Before joining JSSATE, she was a commissioned officer of the Indian Army, and she holds a Post-Graduate Diploma in Management from the Institute of Management Technology in Ghaziabad, India. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/822 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Q&A. What Motivates Cyber-Attackers? %A Chen Han %A Rituja Dongre %K cyber-attack %K cybercrime %K cybersecurity %K hackers %K motivation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 40-42 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/838 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Chen Han is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has more than 8 years working experience in product design, User interface design and project management. She built and led an independent technical team that provides overall solutions and outsourcing services for various clients including world's top media, Internet startups, and multinational firms. Currently, she is working with founder team of Pricebeater, a global startup offering tools for online shopping in North America. %2 Carleton University Rituja Dongre is a graduate student in Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a Bachelor's Degree in Electronic and Telecommunication from the Nagpur University, India, and has worked as an Associate Consultant in Capgemini India. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/838 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Radical Versus Incremental Innovation: The Importance of Key Competences in Service Firms %A Marit Engen %A Inger Elisabeth Holen %K community innovation survey %K competences %K innovation %K innovation novelty %K services %X Today, innovation often takes place using open practices and relies on many sources for knowledge and information. The purpose of this article is to study how different knowledge-based antecedents influence the ability of service organizations to innovate. Using data about the Norwegian service sector from the 2010 Community Innovation Survey, we examined how three types of competence, namely R&D activities, employee-based activities, and customer-related activities, influence the propensity of firms to introduce radical or incremental innovations. The results show that R&D-based competence is important for service firms when pursuing radical innovations, whereas employee-based activities such as idea collaboration are only found to influence incremental innovations. The use of customer information was found to be an important driver for both radical and incremental innovations. The findings points to managerial challenges in creating and balancing the types of competence needed, depending on type of innovation targeted by an organization. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 15-25 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/781 %N 4 %1 Lillehammer University College Marit Engen is an Assistant Professor at Lillehammer University College, Norway, where she is also a PhD student at The Centre for Innovation in Services. Her research project focuses on the management of employee-driven service innovation with a particular focus on idea creation in frontline employees and how ideas from the front end are absorbed into the innovation processes in service organizations. She holds an MSc in Marketing from Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Norway, with a specialization in knowledge management. She has worked as an advisor in the tourism sector for several years and has broad experience from projects in both the private and public sectors. %2 Lillehammer University College Inger Elisabeth Holen is a PhD student in the field of public and private service innovation at the Centre of Innovation in Services at Lillehammer University College, Norway. Her research has a special focus on linkages between innovation activity and business performance in service firms, but also on how public policy can stimulate innovation. She holds an MSc in Business and Economics from the BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo, Norway. She is also a co-owner of a milk-producing farm and has experience from agriculture and business consulting, and she has worked with a variety of entrepreneurs as well as established companies. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/781 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Resolving Legitimacy Deficits in Technology Startups through Professional Services Practices %A Jay Payette %K entrepreneurship %K impression of viability %K legitimacy %K new ventures %K operational verification %K organizational legitimacy %K pragmatic legitimacy %K pragmatic validation %K professional services %K technology startups %K viability %X As new ventures, technology startups face a key challenge that is specifically associated with their young age: a perceived lack of organizational legitimacy. Organizational legitimacy is an important factor in the growth and survival of new ventures and is therefore an important issue for managers and entrepreneurs to address. Although there are many different typologies for defining types of organizational legitimacy, this article argues that technology startups should focus on developing external pragmatic legitimacy as a means of acquiring the resources required to grow and thrive. However, despite the many ways by which an organization can develop external pragmatic legitimacy, few are well suited to technology startups. Based on a review of the different types of organizational legitimacy and an assessment of their applicability to the context of technology startups, this article recommends that technology entrepreneurs should consider the creation of professional services practices to help develop external pragmatic legitimacy and overcome the “liability of newness”. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 22-27 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/801 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Jay Payette is a graduate student in the Master of Design program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he is Managing Principal of Payette Consulting. Jay founded Payette Consulting in 2011 to help clients balance the consistent results of repeatable business processes and analytic decision making, with the fuzzy world of creativity. His research has focused on applying design-thinking principles to business model generation, strategy, and project delivery. Prior to founding Payette Consulting, Jay worked for the Canadian consulting practice of Accenture and as an independent IT Project Manager. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/801 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Reviewing the Knowledge Systems of Innovation and the Associated Roles of Major Stakeholders in the Indian Context %A Punit Saurabh %A Prabha Bhola %A Kalyan Kumar Guin %K entrepreneurship %K government %K higher-education institutions %K industry %K innovation ecosystem %K innovation system %K knowledge systems %K models %K stakeholders %K university %X In this article, we review various models of knowledge systems and discusses the relationships between various component stakeholders of innovation, namely higher-education institutions, industry, and government. The article uses India as a case study to examine new challenges and opportunities facing its innovation ecosystem. Within this context, we review existing models of knowledge systems through an innovative representation exemplifying the knowledge landscape and the model positioning. We argue for a reinforcing role of major stakeholders in the proliferation of innovation and entrepreneurship, and the need to promote healthy interactions between them. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 36-45 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/821 %N 8 %1 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Punit Saurabh recently completed his PhD in the domain of innovation and entrepreneurship development from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He has hands-on experience in managing government innovation and entrepreneurship funding programs and is also involved with the academic aspects of entrepreneurship. %2 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Prabha Bhola is an Assistant Professor in the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, where she also received her PhD in Poverty Economics. She has wide range of teaching experience at different institutions. %3 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kalyan Kumar Guin is Dean and Professor at the Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. He is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India, and he is a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. His teaching interests cover marketing and operations management, and he has a special interest in quantitative modelling of strategic issues in management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/821 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T The Role of Managers as Agents in Successful Service Innovations: Evidence from India %A Shiv S. Tripathi %K agents %K entrepreneurship %K global organizations %K India %K intrapreneurship %K managers %K service innovation %X The article is based on a three-year study of 70 business executives belonging to 20 large organizations operating in India to identify the kind of interventions used by agents (managers) to make service innovations successful. For the purpose of analysis, the subject organizations were classified into highly successful, successful, and unsuccessful organizations on the basis of their growth rate, and their practices were analyzed to identify the role of agents in those processes or related decisions. The article also compares the practices followed by organizations based in India with global organizations operating in India to understand the contextual issues of service innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 18-26 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/819 %N 8 %1 Management Development Institute Gurgaon Shiv S. Tripathi is an Assistant Professor in the area of Strategic Management at the Management Development Institute in Gurgaon, India. He holds a PhD degree from Vinod Gupta School of Management at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He has published papers in the area of product and service innovations, growth strategies, and innovations in large organizations. He has presented papers at national and international conferences organized by the Indian Institutes of Management, Indian School of Business, and Strategic Management Society, USA. His current research interests include service innovations, open innovations, ambidexterity, and innovation in large organizations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/819 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Safety in the Online World of the Future %A Nadeem Douba %A Björn Rütten %A David Scheidl %A Paul Soble %A D’Arcy Walsh %K cybersecurity %K prospect theory %K risk-based decision making %K safety %K security %K weak transdisciplinary %X In this article, we address what it means to be safe in the online world of the future by advocating the perspective whereby improving safety will improve resilience in cyberspace. We adopt a specific approach towards transdisciplinarity; present a weakly transdisciplinary model of the safety context and an initial position about what existing disciplines are most relevant; and link prospect theory to risk-based decision making as one example that could lead to a new paradigm for safety. By treating safety as a transdisciplinary challenge, there is an opportunity to enable the participants of the online world to become more productive and creative than ever before. The beneficiary of this increased productivity and creativity will ultimately be the public. The perspective of this article is of interest to senior decision makers, policy makers, managers, educators, strategists, futurists, scientists, technologists, and others interested in shaping the online world of the future. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 41-48 %8 11/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/849 %N 11 %1 Red Canari Nadeem Douba is the founding principal of Red Canari, an information security consulting firm that specializes in the areas of information technology and cybersecurity. With over 15 years experience, Nadeem provides consulting and training services for organizations within the public and private sector. He has also presented at some of the world's largest security conferences and is the author of many well-known open source security tools, including one used by the Internet Archive project. His primary research interests include open source intelligence, application and operating system security, and big data. He received his BEng in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 The Conference Board of Canada Björn Rütten is the Senior Research Associate for National Security and Public Safety with The Conference Board of Canada. Bjorn leads the Conference Board’s research projects in the area of national security and public safety and is responsible for the development and execution of the research plan of the Centre for National Security. He also contributes to other security-related network and research initiatives, such as those of the Centre for the North. %3 Carleton University David Scheidl is a recent graduate from the Global Politics program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. During his studies, he focused on security intelligence and geopolitics, with special emphasis on Western security agencies in both the cybersecurity and real-world intelligence fields. He has extensive background in military communications, having served in the Army Signals Reserve since 2009. %4 Communications Security Establishment Paul Soble is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada. Over the past three decades, he has held a variety of positions at CSE in the areas of enterprise architecture, visualization and data mining, speech and text natural language processing, adaptive antenna arrays, and systems development. He received his BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical Engineering from University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada, and he is a licensed professional engineer in the province of Ontario. %# Communications Security Establishment D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) in Ottawa, Canada. His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/849 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Strengthening Innovation Capacity through Different Types of Innovation Cultures %A Jens-Uwe Meyer %K corporate creativity %K innovation management; innovativeness; innovation culture; innovation capacities; organizational creativity %X In times of increased market dynamics, companies must be capable of initiating and implementing innovation projects that vary greatly in type, speed, and degree of innovation. Many companies do not succeed. This article introduces Innolytics, an innovation management tool that allows companies to successfully face this challenge by analyzing their innovation culture and managing its development in the right direction. Analyzing empirical data from 200 staff members employed by German, Austrian, and Swiss companies using exploratory factor analysis, four types of innovation cultures were identified, each of which foster a different degree of organizational creativity. Proactive innovators (21%) promote organizational creativity at a high level and across all categories. Strategic innovators (26%) foster innovation by focusing on their strategy and their value system. Innovative optimizers (36%) promote more adaptive levels whereas operational innovators (16%) promote low levels of organizational creativity. Each type enables a company or a business unit to manage different degrees of innovation projects. The Innolytics tool introduced and described in this article will enable companies to better meet the challenges of rapidly changing markets. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 6-16 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/853 %N 12 %1 Innolytics GmbH Jens-Uwe Meyer is Managing Director of Innolytics GmbH, a German consulting company that specializes in analyzing the innovation capacities and cultures of companies. He is author of eight books and numerous articles on the subject of innovation, and he is tutor for the Master's of Management and Innovation program at the Steinbeis SMI Berlin. He holds a doctorate degree in Business Sciences from the HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management, and he holds an MBA from Steinbeis University in Berlin. In his dissertation, he focused on the topic of enhancing innovation capacity within corporations by establishing different cultures of innovation and reducing innovation barriers. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/853 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – Adventures in Innovation: Inside the Rise and Fall of Nortel %A John F. Tyson %K Bell-Northern Research %K BNR %K company culture %K industrial design %K innovation %K Nortel %K Northern Telecom %K user-centred design %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 39-40 %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/775 %N 3 %1 John F. Tyson is an industrial designer, inventor, angel investor and accomplished senior executive who spent over 35 years with Bell-Northern Research (BNR) and Nortel Networks. During this time he focused on product design, R&D, marketing, and advanced technology. His principles on user-centered design, innovation, and design-based thinking have been detailed in numerous publications and his work has been featured in museums and galleries including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the National Art Gallery of Canada, the Canadian Museum of Science and Technology, the Canadian Museum of Civilization, and the Toronto Design Exchange (DX). His work has also been featured on two Canadian postage stamps. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/775 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – Cybersecurity Metrics and Simulation %A George Cybenko %K cybersecurity %K metrics %K modelling %K simulation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 43-45 %8 10/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/839 %N 10 %1 Dartmouth College George Cybenko is the Dorothy and Walter Gramm Professor of Engineering at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, United States. He has made multiple research contributions in signal processing, neural computing, information security, and computational behavioural analysis. He was the Founding Editor-in-Chief of both IEEE/AIP Computing in Science and Engineering and IEEE Security & Privacy. He has served on the Defense Science Board (2008–2009), on the US Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (2012–2015), and on review and advisory panels for DARPA, IDA, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Cybenko is a Fellow of the IEEE and received his BS (Toronto) and PhD (Princeton) degrees in Mathematics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/839 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – Insights on Innovation %A Ibrahim Gedeon %K customer focus %K ecosystems %K innovation %K service provision %K telecommunications %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 40-41 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/803 %N 6 %1 TELUS Ibrahim Gedeon is CTO of TELUS, where he is responsible for technology strategy, service and network architecture, service delivery, and operational support systems for the company’s wire line and wireless divisions, as well as service and network convergence, enterprise applications, and network infrastructure strategies and evolution. Ibrahim began his career in telecommunications engineering and research in 1990 when he joined Bell Northern Research. After moving to Nortel in 1994, he was named Vice President and Director of Data Network Engineering in 1996; Vice President of Internet Brand Management in 1999, and Senior Vice President of Wireless Engineering in 2000. Ibrahim has held numerous leadership roles in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and has also received numerous professional awards and various forms of industry recognition, including being named three times to the Global Telecoms Business magazine’s “GTB Power 100,” a list of the 100 most powerful and influential people in the telecoms industry. Ibrahim also serves on the board of a number of industry associations, including the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions and Industry Canada’s Communications Research Centre. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the American University of Beirut and a Master's degree in Electronics Engineering from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. In 2010, he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of British Columbia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/803 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – The Business of Cybersecurity %A David Grau %A Charles Kennedy %K analytics %K banking %K cybersecurity %K hacking %K incident response %K information security %K intelligence %K targets %K threats %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 53-57 %8 04/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/785 %N 4 %1 TD Bank Group David Grau is Vice President and Head of Threat Response, Intelligence, and Defensive Technologies at TD Bank Group. David has more than 20 years of professional information security experience and leads a multi-national team of information security specialists, with a global responsibility for providing TD Bank Group's Security Incident Response, Threat Intelligence, and Defensive Technologies programs. %2 TD Bank Group Chuck Kennedy is the VP for Credit Card Technology for North American Credit Card for TD Bank Group. He is responsible for technology service delivery, project management, and technology innovation for the credit card businesses for TD. Chuck has been a member of the CIO Association of Canada and has served on the Canadian Banker’s Association’s (CBA), Canadian Financial Institution – Computer Incident Response Team (CFI-CIRT). Chuck holds the CRISC designation (Certified In Risk and Systems Control) and was educated in the United States, Europe, and Canada. He holds a BA in Political Science (Business minor) from the University of Calgary and an MSc in Information Technology (Information Assurance) from the University of Maryland – University College. His graduate work involved the study of geo-spatial intrusion detection and its integration with complex event processing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/785 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – The Business of Open Source %A Michael Weiss %K architecture %K business models %K community %K engagement %K entrepreneurship %K licensing %K open source software %K patterns %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 28-31 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/759 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/759 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – The Laboratory for Analytic Sciences: Developing the Art and Science of Analysis %A J. David Harris %K analysis %K analytics %K big data %K collaboration %K cybersecurity %K framework %K innovation %K instrumentation %K monitoring %K prediction %K strategy %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 52-54 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/813 %N 7 %1 Laboratory for Analytic Sciences J. David Harris is the inaugural Director of the Laboratory for Analytic Sciences in Raleigh, North Carolina, where the aim is to develop a science of analysis and analytic methodology. During nearly 25 years service with the U. S. Department of Defense, David has worked in a variety of technical and leadership positions in areas of research and development, technology transfer, and operations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/813 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T TIM Lecture Series – Web Infections and Protections: Theory and Practice %A Arnold Kwong %K attack vectors %K countermeasures %K cybersecurity %K infections %K Internet %K privacy %K security %K targets %K threat vectors %K threats %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 35- %8 03/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/774 %N 3 %1 Extratelligence Arnold Kwong has over thirty years experience in management, manufacturing, and technology applications. His operational expertise and cross-disciplinary outlook have been applied in planning, analysis, implementation, and problem-solving settings. A strong operational emphasis on quality and risk management comes from extensive practical work. Ongoing technical expertise, with ongoing research and application publications, focus on telecommunications, security models, mobile financial applications security, complex systems integration and deployment, software modeling of enterprises, real-time data collection, and advancements in computer science. His technical experiences include a core of multivendor complex systems analysis; data base/storage/data communications relationships; software design, development, and evaluation; and hardware/software architectural design and implementation issues. Areas of specific management expertise include complex product development and management, technological risk management, and regulatory compliance for organizations in both the public and private service and manufacturing sectors. Areas of specific technical experience include application architectures; system architectures; applications and Internet security; storage/data base administration, management, and enterprise modeling; networking and data communications; and computer science research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/774 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Turning Technology into Business Using University Patents %A Dap Hartmann %K commercialization %K entrepreneurship education %K multi-disciplinary team work %K patents %K student entrepreneurs %K technology entrepreneurship %K university research %X We present an education paradigm that stimulates innovation and entrepreneurship through a master's-level university course: "Turning Technology into Business". The course was specifically designed to connect technological research with education using patented technologies developed at the research faculties of a technical university in the Netherlands. We outline the structure and the main content of the course and explain the selection process of both the patents used in the course and the students admitted to the course. This program was initiated at Delft University of Technology in 2003 and has resulted in 10 startups that have commercialized new technologies and at least two additional dozen startups that are indirect spinoffs. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we describe the case of Holland Container Innovations, a company founded by students who developed a foldable sea container during the course. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 37-43 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/856 %N 12 %1 Delft University of Technology Dap Hartmann is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. He holds has a PhD in Astronomy (Leiden, 1994) and worked as a Visiting Scientist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, MA. He is a five-time recipient of the New Venture Prize for the best entrepreneurship education in the Netherlands. In 2010, he received the Delft Entrepreneurial Motivator award. Together with composer and conductor Reinbert de Leeuw, he is currently writing a book on 20th century classical music. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/856 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T University Spinoffs: What, Why, and How? %A Pinaki N. Pattnaik %A Satyendra C. Pandey %K stage model %K technology patents %K university spinoff %K university-industry linkage %X University spinoffs have remarkably strengthened the linkage between universities and industry. The number of technology patents and spinoffs coming out of university research has a significant impact on regional economic and social development. To further highlight the importance of university spinoffs, the aim of this article is to review available literature on university spinoffs and present a comprehensive overview of what university spinoffs are, why they are important, what makes them significant, and how they are or can be created. In addition to reviewing existing models of university spinoff creation, we also propose a new, multi-stage, holistic model. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 44-50 %8 12/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/857 %N 12 %1 Nalsar University of Law Pinaki Nandan Pattnaik is Head of the Centre for Management Studies at Nalsar University of Law in Hyderabad, India. He holds a PhD from National Law University in Odisha, India, and he holds two MBA degrees: one from University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada, and the other from Maastricht School of Management in the Netherlands. His research interests are in the area of understanding the impact of law in the success and failure of university spinoffs in particular and businesses in general. He also has a keen interest in the area of intellectual property law, its efficiency and impact on businesses, and the spirit of entrepreneurship. %2 Nalsar University of Law Satyendra C. Pandey is Assistant Professor at the Centre for Management Studies at Nalsar University of Law in Hyderabad, India. He researches in the areas of knowledge management, organizational capabilities, and entrepreneurship in the contexts of emerging economies. He holds an MBA from Xavier Institute of Management in Jabalpur, India, and he is in the final stages of his PhD in Human Resource Management from Xavier Institute of Management in Bhubaneswar, India. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/857 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Using a Capability Perspective to Sustain IT Improvement %A Paul E. Renaud %A Sheppard D. Narkier %A Sonia D. Bot %K capability improvement %K capability maturity model %K change management %K competency capability %K enterprise architecture %K IT function %K organizational culture %K organizational learning %K process capability %K shadow IT %K technology capability %X A firm’s dependency on the information technology (IT) function is increasingly central to its ability to innovate. The IT function must balance this need for change with sustaining consistent, highly reliable operation of all existing services. A firm’s ability to rapidly change IT is impeded by its legacy portfolio of applications and infrastructure because changes need to be very carefully managed and understood in order to avoid unintended consequences leading to system failure and process breakdown. The change imperative for IT is urgent and often determines how IT is valued by the rest of the firm. Improving the IT function’s agility requires improvement in IT capabilities, which can be categorized into three broad classes: technology, process, and competency. This article identifies the critical success factors for creating sustainable change for each of these three capability classes. It draws on the practical experience of the authors and leverages appropriate standards that provide grounding for change within the IT function of the firm, along with the roles and tasks that will be involved in this change agency. The article is of primary benefit for IT executives seeking to sustain an ongoing, systematic transformation of the IT function to enable IT entrepreneurship and agility. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 28-39 %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/802 %N 6 %1 The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud is a co-author of several patents and authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. %2 Sheppard Narkier is a business-driven, senior information technology executive who generates business value where investment in enabling technology is an integral part of a company’s business strategy. Sheppard’s experience spans roles as a senior executive, enterprise architect, systems engineer, and developer. He has been recognized for building strong, diverse, and motivated teams that have delivered measurable business value in diverse IT environments. He has implemented mission-critical systems, reusable assets, and technology roadmaps in premier financial services institutions such as the American Stock Exchange, S&P, and UBS-IB. Sheppard was a co-founder and Chief Scientist of Adaptivity, which was acquired by EMC. Sheppard is responsible guiding EMC’s application transformation portfolio strategy. Sheppard has a BA in both Mathematics and Anthropology from Oswego State, NY. He is the co-author on several patents, has written thought-leadership blogs for Network World, Adaptivity, and EMC InFocus, and has ghost-written the book Next Generation Datacenters in Financial Services: Driving Extreme Efficiency and Effective Cost Savings. %3 Sonia Bot is an accomplished operational executive who has experienced a wide range of climates in businesses, from unprecedented extreme highs and lows through to various stages of lifecycle development, transformation, and turnaround. She is an entrepreneurial-minded leader and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. Ms. Bot is the Chief Executive of The BOT Consulting Group Inc., where she partners with executives and entrepreneurs of global technology companies in to assist in building, growing, and transforming ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Ms. Bot is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of university and business acceleration boards. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion (BlackBerry), Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/802 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Using Trademarks to Measure Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services %A Matthias Gotsch %A Christiane Hipp %K innovation %K innovation indicator %K KIBS %K knowledge-intensive business services %K trademarks %X We present an empirical approach to measuring service innovation on the company level through the analysis of trademarks. Prior empirical investigations in several industries have shown that a trademark may be used as an innovation indicator. This article explores the use and relevance of trademarks by conducting a survey in the knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) industries with 278 participating companies. Our survey results explain the use of trademarks as a way to protect innovation and intellectual property for KIBS. In sum, we show that trademarks can be described as adequate and useful indicators to measure new service innovations in the KIBS industries. Additionally, we show that trademarks have the potential to overcome weaknesses of traditional measurement concepts towards KIBS innovation and might make special surveys redundant in the future. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 18-30 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/790 %N 5 %1 Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI Matthias Gotsch is a senior researcher in the Competence Center for Industrial and Service Innovations at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI in Karlsruhe, Germany. He holds a PhD from Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus for his research on innovation measurement in the knowledge-intensive services industry and a German university diploma in Industrial Engineering with the focus on industrial business, technology, and innovation management from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. He has expertise in service innovations, industrial services, and designing innovative service-based business models and has contributed several papers and articles to the field of service science. %2 Technical University Cottbus Christiane Hipp is Dean and Professor for Organisation, Human Resource Management and General Management at the Technical University Cottbus, Germany. She received her diploma in Industrial Engineering in 1994 and her PhD in Economics in 1999. From 1995 until 1999. Christiane was a Research Associate at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research. She received her postdoctoral lecture qualification in 2005. Her areas of interest include demographical change, service innovation, innovation strategies, intellectual property, and innovation processes. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/790 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Widening the Perspective on Industrial Innovation: A Service-Dominant-Logic Approach %A Heidi M. E. Korhonen %K co-development %K industrial service %K practice %K systemic innovation %K value co-creation %X The servitization of industry has progressed from services as add-ons to services as solutions. Today, industrial innovation needs an even broader perspective that moves towards service-dominant logic. This logic emphasizes value co-creation in actor-to-actor networks and requires new organizational structures and practices in industry. The article presents the case of a Nordic manufacturer of arc welding equipment that has gone through an extensive development program to become more customer and service oriented. An innovative offering created during the program is analyzed as an example in order to gain deeper insight about the concrete application of service-dominant logic in business. In addition to the outcome perspective, the article discusses the implications of the service-dominant logic for innovation practices. The article illustrates the behaviour of cutting-edge servitizing manufacturers and argues that similar behaviour can be expected to become a necessity in all industrial companies with large structural changes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 31-39 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/791 %N 5 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre Heidi M. E. Korhonen is a professional in business development and research with a long experience of industrial and technology companies. She works as a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, in VTT’s research area of business ecosystems, value chains, and foresight. She is also finishing her Doctoral Dissertation on industrial service innovation at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Her research focus is on business development, innovation management, and value co-creation. Her current research interests cover service business, business ecosystems, business models, sustainability, open innovation, co-development, systems thinking, and customer and stakeholder orientation. She has published her research widely in international peer-reviewed journals, books, and conferences. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/791 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Actor Roles in an Urban Living Lab: What Can We Learn from Suurpelto, Finland? %A Soile Juujärvi %A Kaija Pesso %K innovation %K knowledge production %K networks %K regional development %K urban living labs %X There is a growing trend to involve citizens in city development to make urban areas more suitable to their needs and prevent social problems. City centres and neighbourhoods have increasingly been serving as regional living labs, which are ideal platforms to explore the needs of users as residents and citizens. This article examines the characteristics and success factors of urban living labs based on a case study of Suurpelto, Finland. Urban living lab activity is characterized by a practice-based innovation process with diffuse and heterogeneous knowledge production that aims to address urban problems of varying complexity. User involvement is critical for co-creating value, but equally important is collaboration between other living lab actors: enablers, providers, and utilizers. Enabler-driven labs can be successful in creating common goals but they need providers, such as development organizations, to boost development. Proactive networking, experimentation as a bottom-up process, using student innovators as resources, as well as commitment and longevity in development work are success factors for urban living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 22-27 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/742 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Soile Juujärvi is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Her research interests include moral and ethical development and innovation processes, especially networking, in living labs. From 2010 to 2012, she worked as a researcher in the Koulii (Innovation & Integration in Education) project, which was funded by the European Social Fund. She holds a Doctor of Social Science degree from the University of Helsinki. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Kaija Pesso is a Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland. Her research interests include ethics and health promotion and innovation processes in living labs. From 2010 to 2012, she worked as a researcher in the Koulii (Innovation & Integration in Education) project, which was funded by the European Social Fund. She holds a Doctor of Health Sciences degree from the University of Tampere, Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/742 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Addressing Canada's Commercialization Crisis and Shortage of Venture Capital: Will the Federal Government’s Solution Work? %A Stephen A. Hurwitz %K 2013 Venture Capital Action Plan %K Canada %K commercialization %K labour-sponsored venture capital corporations %K VC %K venture capital %X Lack of funding is a major challenge to innovation in Canada’s emerging technology industry. This article will focus on this supply-side challenge within the complex venture capital ecosystem and discuss: i) the current shortage of venture capital available to commercialize Canada’s R&D; ii) the causes and consequences of that venture capital shortage; iii) how the federal government will address this shortage through its innovative 2013 Venture Capital Action Plan, which commits $400 million and seeks to raise at least another $800 million from outside investors; and iv) how a separate decision in the federal 2013 budget to phase out federal tax credits for labour-sponsored venture capital funds could imperil the 2013 Venture Capital Action Plan. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 26-31 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/725 %N 9 %1 Choate, Hall & Stewart LLP Stephen Hurwitz is a partner at the Boston-based law firm of Choate, Hall & Stewart LLP, specializing in Canada-US cross-border transactions involving venture capital and private equity and technology and life sciences companies. He has served as a speaker/panelist at many of the venture capital, technology, and life sciences conferences in Canada and is author of numerous published articles on the Canadian venture capital ecosystem. He has also served as visiting lecturer on venture capital and emerging technology company issues at the MIT Sloan Entrepreneurship Development Program, Harvard Business School, and Harvard Law School. He is co-founder of the non-profit Quebec City Conference, an annual by-invitation only international gathering of leading venture capital, private equity, and institutional investors. Mr. Hurwitz received an A.B. from Cornell University and a J.D. from Cornell Law School. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/725 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Code Forking, Governance, and Sustainability in Open Source Software %A Linus Nyman %A Juho Lindman %K code forking; open source software; sustainability; innovation; planned obsolescence %X The right to fork open source code is at the core of open source licensing. All open source licenses grant the right to fork their code, that is to start a new development effort using an existing code as its base. Thus, code forking represents the single greatest tool available for guaranteeing sustainability in open source software. In addition to bolstering program sustainability, code forking directly affects the governance of open source initiatives. Forking, and even the mere possibility of forking code, affects the governance and sustainability of open source initiatives on three distinct levels: software, community, and ecosystem. On the software level, the right to fork makes planned obsolescence, versioning, vendor lock-in, end-of-support issues, and similar initiatives all but impossible to implement. On the community level, forking impacts both sustainability and governance through the power it grants the community to safeguard against unfavourable actions by corporations or project leaders. On the business-ecosystem level forking can serve as a catalyst for innovation while simultaneously promoting better quality software through natural selection. Thus, forking helps keep open source initiatives relevant and presents opportunities for the development and commercialization of current and abandoned programs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 7-12 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/644 %N 1 %1 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is a doctoral student at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, where he studies code forking in open source software. When not researching, he can sometimes be found lecturing on corporate strategy or open source software. Other areas of interest include freemium business models and MMORPGs (online gaming). Linus has a Master’s degree in economics from the Hanken School of Economics. %2 Hanken School of Economics Juho Lindman is an Assistant Professor of Information Systems Science at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Juho defended his doctoral dissertation focusing on open source software development organization at the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki. In the field of information systems, his current research is focused in the areas of open source software development, open data, and organizational change. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/644 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Coordination and Participation in Living Lab Networks %A Seppo Leminen %K bottom-up %K coordination %K enabler-driven %K exhalation-dominated %K inhalation-dominated %K innovation approach %K Living lab %K living lab network %K Open innovation %K open innovation network %K participation %K provider-driver %K top-down %K User-driven %K utilizer-driven %X Previous research on living labs has emphasized the importance of users and a real-life environment. However, the existing scholarly discourse lacks understanding of innovation mechanisms in diverse living lab networks, especially from the perspectives of coordination and participation. This study addresses the research gaps by constructing a framework for analyzing coordination (i.e., top-down versus bottom-up) and participation (i.e., inhalation-dominated versus exhalation-dominated) approaches in living lab networks. The classification is based on a literature review and an analysis of 26 living labs in four countries. Given that inhalation and exhalation dominance have not been discussed previously in the innovation literature, the study provides novel ways for both scholars and managers wishing to exploit or explore innovations in living labs. The framework reveals the opportunities for practitioners of innovation with respect to coordination and participation in living lab networks. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-14 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/740 %N 11 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research have been reported in numerous scholarly journals, including Management Decision, the International Journal of Product Development, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/740 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Corporate Lifecycles: Modelling the Dynamics of Innovation and Its Support Infrastructure %A Tamas Koplyay %A Lisa Chillingworth %A Brian Mitchell %K innovation %K Innovation management %K leadership %K market lifecycle %K model %K organizational culture %K staffing %X Corporate leadership and corporate culture have to be aligned to market realities to ensure the long-term success of a firm. As companies form, grow, and mature, the management of the enterprises also have to evolve through the business lifecycle. What is successful in the introduction stage may not be successful for a mature company. Firms are required to change their focus from product development, to market development, to process development, and finally to market and financial leadership. To be successful means that not only the types of employees hired have to evolve to support the culture required, but the leadership styles and management focus also have to change and adapt to the new realities that firms encounter in their market. The dynamic model presented in this article shows the broad strategic imperatives that must be met by firms, and it is presented through a graphical illustration of how successful firms manage their evolution and how firms can fail through mis-allocation of corporate efforts to non-mission critical initiatives. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 22-29 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/733 %N 10 %1 Université du Québec en Outaouais Tamas Koplyay is Professor of High-Technology Strategic Management at the Université du Québec en Outaouais in Gatineau, Canada. He received Master's degrees in Systems Engineering, Applied Mathematics, and Information Theory from the State University of New York, United States; he received his MBA from the University of Ottawa, Canada; and he received his PhD in Systems Science from Michigan State University, United States. He has been a visiting researcher at the Harvard Law School in Public Finance. Currently, he is also the Director of Research for the Canadian Advanced Technology Alliance as part of his university commitments to the high-technology community. %2 Szent István University Lisa Chillingworth a PhD candidate in Management and Business Administration at Szent István University in Budapest, Hungary. She obtained her Bachelor of Arts degree from York University in Toronto, Canada. She is a Project Management Professional (PMP) and LEED Accredited Professional (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and holds her Masters degree in Project Management from the Université du Québec, Canada, for which she received the 2012 Governor General’s Gold Medal for academic excellence. Ms. Chillingworth has 20 years of experience in project management and is currently the Director of Program Management and Advisory Services, North America, for an international real estate and capital facilities project management firm. Previously, Ms. Chillingworth spent a number of years as a project and management consultant, specializing in business transformation, operations, and strategic planning. She is also the Director of International Corporate Relations for the Global Academic Network, and their annual Global Management Conference, which work to bridge academia and the business community. She is also an Executive in Residence and Associate Director of Research for the Canadian Advanced Technology Alliance (CATA). %3 Szent István University Brian Mitchell is a PhD candidate in Management and Business Administration at Szent István University in Budapest, Hungary. He holds a Master’s degree in Project Management from the Université du Quebec, Canada, is a Project Management Professional (PMP), and LEED Accredited Professional (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) in the building design and construction industry. Mr. Mitchell has over 25 years of diverse experience in the delivery and management of capital projects and related work. As the National Practice Manager for a leading Canadian project management company, Mr. Mitchell was responsible for corporate research, project management best practice methodologies, and knowledge transfer across Canada. He was also a reviewer of the Project Management Institute's Construction Extension to the PMBoK Guide, Second Edition. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/733 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Cybersecurity Futures: How Can We Regulate Emergent Risks? %A Benoit Dupont %K cybersecurity %K cybersecurity policies %K digital ecosystem %K emerging risks %K forecasting %K regulation %K technological trends %X This article reviews nine socio-technical trends that are likely to shape the cybersecurity environment over the next decade. These nine trends have reached various levels of maturity, and some – such as quantum computing – are still theoretically contentious. These trends are: cloud computing; big data; the Internet of Things; the mobile Internet; brain–computer interfaces; near field communication payment systems; mobile robots; quantum computing; and the militarization of the Internet. What these nine trends have in common is that they will be instrumental in generating new opportunities for offending, which will result from an exponential increase in the quantity of data, number of connection points to the Internet, and velocity of data flows that irrigate the digital ecosystem. As a result, more opportunities for malicious exploitation will be available to attackers, “security by design” will be harder to achieve in such a fluid and dynamic environment, and the performance of control mechanisms is likely to erode significantly. Technical solutions to address these challenges are already being developed by computer scientists. This article focuses on a different and complementary approach, finding inspiration in the work of regulatory scholars who have framed promising theories such as regulatory pluralism and responsive regulation to explore options for the necessary institutional adaptation to these future changes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-11 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/700 %N 7 %1 Université de Montréal Benoit Dupont is the Canada Research Chair in Security and Technology at the Université de Montréal, where he is Professor of Criminology and Director of the International Centre for Comparative Criminology. Professor Dupont researches the coevolution of crime and technology, focusing on offences such as identity theft, bank fraud, computer hacking, and telecommunications fraud. His political science background also leads him to examine emerging cybersecurity policies and what forms of regulation can be developed to address the new risk landscape. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/700 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Developing an Innovation Engine to Make Canada a Global Leader in Cybersecurity %A Tony Bailetti %A Dan Craigen %A David Hudson %A Renaud Levesque %A Stuart McKeen %A D’Arcy Walsh %K business ecosystem %K cybersecurity %K innovation engine %K innovation in commercialization %K innovation in research and development %X An engine designed to convert innovation into a country’s global leadership position in a specific product market is examined in this article, using Canada and cybersecurity as an example. Five entities are core to the innovation engine: an ecosystem, a project community, an external community, a platform, and a corporation. The ecosystem is the focus of innovation in firm-specific factors that determine outcomes in global competition; the project community is the focus of innovation in research and development; and the external community is the focus of innovation in resources produced and used by economic actors that operate outside of the focal product market. Strategic intent, governance, resource flows, and organizational agreements bind the five entities together. Operating the innovation engine in Canada is expected to improve the level and quality of prosperity, security, and capacity of Canadians, increase the number of Canadian-based companies that successfully compete globally in cybersecurity product markets, and better protect Canada’s critical infrastructure. Researchers interested in learning how to create, implement, improve, and grow innovation engines will find this article interesting. The article will also be of interest to senior management teams in industry and government, chief information and technology officers, social and policy analysts, academics, and individual citizens who wish to learn how to secure cyberspace. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-14 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/711 %N 8 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Communications Security Establishment Canada Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH in Math and his MSc in Math from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Carleton University David Hudson has recently completed his doctoral studies at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He is a lecturer in information technology innovation in the MBA program at Sprott, a Director of the Lead to Win entrepreneurship program, and Chair of the Ontario Centres of Excellence advisory board for the Information, Communication, and Digital Media sector. David also consults with Fortune 500 firms on innovation management. Previously, he was the Vice President for advanced research and development at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. David received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. %4 Communications Security Establishment Canada Renaud Levesque is the Director General of Core Systems at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), where he is responsible for R&D and systems development. He has significant experience in the delivery of capability and organizational change in highly technical environments. His career began at CSEC in 1986 as a Systems Engineer, responsible for the development and deployment of numerous systems, including the CSEC IP corporate network in 1991. In 2000 Renaud went to work in the private sector as Head of Speech Technologies at Locus Dialogue, and later at Infospace Inc., where he became Director of Speech Solutions Engineering. He rejoined CSEC in 2003, where he assumed the lead role in the IT R&D section. Subsequently, as a Director General, he focused efforts towards the emergence of CSEC's Joint Research Office and The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing. Renaud holds a Bachelor of Engineering from l’École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Canada. %# Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Stuart McKeen works for the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (MRI), where he just finished serving a three-year secondment with the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev). At FedDev, he was both the Agency’s Manager of Innovation and the Manager of Entrepreneurship, Internship, and Youth Programs. He has worked in six different ministries of the Ontario Government over the past 30 years. In 2008, he was awarded the Amethyst Award, the Province of Ontario’s highest employee recognition award for his pioneering work on prospecting and developing large-scale international research consortiums that have brought jobs and investment to Ontario. Stuart holds a BScH degree in Zoology from the University of Western Ontario, Canada and a BA degree in Economics from the University of Toronto, Canada. %$ Communications Security Establishment Canada D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/711 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T An Ecosystem-Based Job-Creation Engine Fuelled by Technology Entrepreneurs %A Tony Bailetti %A Sonia D. Bot %K accelerator %K economic development %K entrepreneur %K incubator %K job creation %K Lead To Win %K startups %K technology entrepreneurship %X Job creation is at the centre of the rationale provided by governments and publicly funded organizations for investing in services purported to support entrepreneurs to launch and grow technology startups. However, little is known about how to design and build the engines that convert these publicly funded services into jobs in a region. In this article, we argue that the architecture of a job-creation engine fuelled by technology entrepreneurs is important and that it should be made visible to the stakeholders of a regional venture system. The manner in which the components of a job-creation engine are organized and integrated determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the conversion of public funds into jobs. Making visible the architecture of a job-creation engine enables individuals and organizations to: i) better understand the link between the investment made to service technology entrepreneurs and systematic job creation; ii) utilize the regional venture system more effectively; and iii) set the performance benchmark for capability improvement and rapid adjustment to environmental changes. The experience gained from operating Lead To Win since 2009 is used to describe the architecture of a job-creation engine fuelled by technology entrepreneurs that operate in Canada’s Capital Region. Lead To Win is an ecosystem designed to help a technology venture generate sufficient revenue to create six or more knowledge jobs in the region within three years of inception. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 31-40 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/658 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Lead To Win Council Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded leader/executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed published articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently partners with executives and entrepreneurs of small-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion / BlackBerry, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. In November 2012, Ms. Bot received the honour of "Innovators & Entrepreneurs" by the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Toronto. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/658 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (August 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K Canada %K cyberattacks %K cybersecurity %K cyberthreats %K information technology %K network security %K research %K risk assessment %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-4 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/710 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/710 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Cybersecurity (July 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K Canada %K cyberattacks %K cybersecurity %K cyberthreats %K information technology %K network security %K research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/699 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/699 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Insights (June 2013) %A Chris McPhee %K case study %K intellectual property %K IT function %K open source business %K process ambidexterity %K risk management %K software licenses %K startups %K technology entrepreneurship %K uncertainty %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-4 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/689 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/689 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Living Labs and Crowdsourcing (December 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K crowdsourcing %K living labs %K Open innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/747 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/747 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Living Labs (November 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K design %K living labs %K networks %K Open innovation %K regional development %K services %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-4 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/739 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/739 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Local Open Innovation (March 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Christophe Deutsch %K collaboration %K economic development %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K problem solving %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/663 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 En Mode Solutions Christophe Deutsch is R&D Manager at Telops, an innovative company in the field of high-performance infrared sensors. He is responsible for the successful realization of product development and R&D projects. Previously, he was Vice President Operations at INO, an applied R&D centre in the field of optics, where he implemented project-management and technology-development processes and co-founded the RCR, a circle of R&D managers. Christophe has also worked for ABB Analytical Solutions, where he developed his competencies in system engineering and project management in several aerospace projects. As a member of ISPIM’s advisory board, he promotes innovation management to increase efficiency of R&D. In 2012, he co-founded En Mode Solutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/663 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Managing Innovation for Tangible Performance (October 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Sorin Cohn %K applied research %K boundary management %K commercialization %K company culture %K competitiveness %K firm-level innovation management %K innovation literacy %K innovative capabilities %K managing innovation %K market lifecycle %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/730 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 BD Cohnsulting Inc. Sorin Cohn has 35 years of international business and technology experience, having been involved in most facets of innovation development: from idea to research and lab prototype, from technology to product, and then to market success on the global stage. He has developed new technologies, created R&D laboratories, started new product lines, and initiated and managed new business units. Sorin has several essential patents in web services, wireless, and digital signal processing, as well as over 70 publications and presentations. He has also been Adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa. He is a Killam Scholar, and he holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering, an MSc in Physics, and an MEng in Engineering Physics. Sorin is President of BD Cohnsulting Inc. As well, he acts as Leader of Innovation Metrics at The Conference Board of Canada and as Chief Program Officer of i-CANADA. He is also Member of the Board of Startup Canada as well as the Board of the Centre for Energy Efficiency. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/730 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Managing Innovation for Tangible Performance (September 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Sorin Cohn %K commercialization %K competitiveness %K firm-level innovation management %K innovative capabilities %K managing innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/721 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 BD Cohnsulting Inc. Sorin Cohn has 35 years of international business and technology experience, having been involved in most facets of innovation development: from idea to research and lab prototype, from technology to product, and then to market success on the global stage. He has developed new technologies, created R&D laboratories, started new product lines, and initiated and managed new business units. Sorin has several essential patents in web services, wireless, and digital signal processing, as well as over 70 publications and presentations. He has also been Adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa. He is a Killam Scholar, and he holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering, an MSc in Physics, and an MEng in Engineering Physics. Sorin is President of BD Cohnsulting Inc. As well, he acts as Leader of Innovation Metrics at The Conference Board of Canada and as Chief Program Officer of i-CANADA. He is also Member of the Board of Startup Canada as well as the Board of the Centre for Energy Efficiency. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/721 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Open Innovation and Entrepreneurship (April 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Jean-Pierre Segers %K business ecosystems %K entrepreneurial orientation %K entrepreneurship %K incubation %K innovation %K Open innovation %K partnership %K R&D %K regional innovation system %K strategy %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-5 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/672 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 PXL University College Jean-Pierre Segers is Dean of the Business School at PXL University College in Hasselt, Belgium, and he is the Chairman and co-founder of Creative Inc.. He holds a Master's degree in Applied Economics and Public Affairs and is a former researcher in the Small Business Research Institute at the University of Brussels. His main research interests are small businesses and entrepreneurship; innovation and technology management; national and regional systems of innovation; and public-private partnerships. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/672 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Open Source Sustainability (January 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Maha Shaikh %K governance %K open source %K oss %K sustainability %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-6 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/643 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Warwick University Business School Maha Shaikh is an Assistant Professor at Warwick University Business School. Prior to this, she was a Research Associate at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Other affiliations include the University of Limerick, where she worked on a number of projects including the OPAALS project with Professor Brian Fitzgerald. She has also worked with Professor Leslie Willcocks at the LSE, studying the relationship of open source to outsourcing, open innovation, and open business models. Dr Shaikh is a co-author of Adopting Open Source Software: A Practical Guide. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/643 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Platforms, Communities, and Business Ecosystems (February 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Steven Muegge %K business ecosystems %K communities %K platforms %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-4 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/654 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/654 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Editorial: Technology Evolution (May 2013) %A Chris McPhee %A Michael Weiss %K business ecosystems %K industrial instrumentation and control %K innovation %K Innovation management %K mashups %K R&D %K technological change %K technology evolution %K web applications %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 3-4 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/681 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/681 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Enabling Sustainable Improvement in IT Entrepreneurship %A Paul E. Renaud %A Sheppard D. Narkier %A Sonia D. Bot %K capability maturity assessment %K IT capability %K IT entrepreneurship %K IT function %K process ambidexterity %K process maturity %K sustainable metrics %X Firms must embrace processes that enable the information technology (IT) function to become a strategic partner to the business functions it serves. Process ambidexterity is a way for processes to be augmented to improve alignment and adaptability to new markets and technologies. By applying the principles of process ambidexterity, the key elements required for sustainable change within the capabilities that comprise the IT function of the firm are identified. Furthermore, the scope and depth of the dysfunction that is widespread across large firms that depend upon IT are outlined to provide a contextual basis for presenting a solution framework to address sustainable change. This framework for sustainable change is of primary benefit to IT executives seeking to systematically transform the IT function and enable IT entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 28-38 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/694 %N 6 %1 The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community, and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program, and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud is a co-author of several patents and authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queen's University. %2 Sheppard Narkier is a business-driven, senior executive in information technology who generates business value where investment in enabling technology is an integral part of a company’s business strategy. Sheppard’s experience spans roles as a senior executive, enterprise architect, systems engineer, and developer. He has been recognized for building strong, diverse, and motivated teams that have delivered measurable business value in diverse IT environments. He has implemented mission-critical systems, reusable assets, and technology roadmaps in premier financial services institutions such as the American Stock Exchange, S&P, and UBS-IB. Sheppard was co-founder and Chief Scientist of Adaptivity, which was recently acquired by EMC. Sheppard is responsible for designing the rules engines that enable better system-design decisions. Sheppard has a BA in both Mathematics and Anthropology from Oswego State, NY. He is the co-author on several patents, has written thought-leadership blogs for Network World and EMC InFocus, and has ghost-written the book Next Generation Datacenters in Financial Services: Driving Extreme Efficiency and Effective Cost Savings. %3 Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded leader/executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, operational excellence, business transformation and strategy, leading organizational change, and evolving entrepreneurial ecosystems. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, member of the Lead to Win Council, and industry executive member of the Technology Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently partners with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies in the information and computing technology sector (namely healthcare, mobility, telecommunications, software, Internet, IT) to assist in building, growing, and transforming global ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes BlackBerry / Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/694 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T An Enterprise Security Program and Architecture to Support Business Drivers %A Brian Ritchot %K cybersecurity %K cyberthreats %K information assurance %K information risk %K information security %K risk %K security architecture %X This article presents a business-focused approach to developing and delivering enterprise security architecture that is focused on enabling business objectives while providing a sensible and balanced approach to risk management. A balanced approach to enterprise security architecture can create the important linkages between the goals and objectives of a business, and it provides appropriate measures to protect the most critical assets within an organization while accepting risk where appropriate. Through a discussion of information assurance, this article makes a case for leveraging enterprise security architectures to meet an organizations' need for information assurance. The approach is derived from the Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA) methodology, as put into practice by Seccuris Inc., an information assurance integrator. An understanding of Seccuris’ approach will illustrate the importance of aligning security activities with high-level business objectives while creating increased awareness of the duality of risk. This business-driven approach to enterprise security architecture can help organizations change the perception of IT security, positioning it as a tool to enable and assure business success, rather than be perceived as an obstacle to be avoided. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 25-33 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/713 %N 8 %1 Seccuris Brian Ritchot is a Senior Information Security Consultant with Seccuris Inc, specializing in the implementation and delivery of intrusion-detection solutions, vulnerability assessment, network analysis, and security architecture. With 11 years of prior experience in the federal government, Brian has developed skills and expertise to support the detection, discovery, and mitigation of cyberthreat activity. Brian has led and managed several high-profile teams and projects to deliver operational security solutions that monitor and protect systems of importance to the Government of Canada. Brian now focuses his time in the private sector, helping a variety of customers across the critical infrastructure sector with their IT security needs. These activities span enterprise security architecture development, incident response and handling, vulnerability assessments, forensic investigations, and specialized IT security expertise to mitigate sophisticated cyberintrusions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/713 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Evolution of Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Control %A Arthur Low %K industrial control %K ISA100.11a %K punctuated equilibrium %K standards %K technology evolution %K wireless sensor networks %K WirelessHART %X Technologies evolve in a process of gradual scientific change, but the commercial application of technologies is discontinuous. Managers interested in technology evolution can integrate these contrasting ideas using a powerful theoretical framework, based on the concept of punctuated equilibrium from evolutionary biology. The framework, which enables the differentiation of the technical evolution of a technology from its market application, is used in this article to compare the two standards for wireless sensor networks (WSN) for industrial instrumentation and control: WirelessHART and ISA100.11a. The two WSN standards are the product of two different market contexts, which have selected different minimum viable technologies for evolution in their respective niches. Network security issues present some important selection criteria. Both WSN standards implement security countermeasures against localized wireless network attacks based on the application of the AES encryption standard, but some specific security threats – some local, others remotely launched – are only well-defended by the adoption of public-key cryptographic (PKC) protocols, which only ISA100.11a supports. This article concludes that the mainstream market potential of the Internet has influenced the evolution of ISA100.11a and will continue to demand that each WSN standard evolve in ways that are difficult to predict. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-12 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/682 %N 5 %1 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has a number of patents in the field of hardware cryptography. He has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta and is completing his MSc degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/682 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T The Evolving Role of Open Source Software in Medicine and Health Services %A David Ingram %A Sevket Seref Arikan %K electronic health care record %K information retrieval %K open source framework %K openEHR Foundation %K persistence %K standards based %X The past five decades have witnessed immense coevolution of methods and tools of information technology, and their practical and experimental application within the medical and healthcare domain. Healthcare itself continues to evolve in response to change in healthcare needs, progress in the scientific foundations of treatments, and in professional and managerial organization of affordable and effective services, in which patients and their families and carers increasingly participate. Taken together, these trends impose highly complex underlying challenges for the design, development, and sustainability of the quality of supporting information services and software infrastructure that are needed. The challenges are multidisciplinary and multiprofessional in scope, and they require deeper study and learning to inform policy and promote public awareness of the problems health services have faced in this area for many years. The repeating pattern of failure to live up to expectations of policy-driven national health IT initiatives has proved very costly and remains frustrating and unproductive for all involved. In this article, we highlight the barriers to progress and discuss the dangers of pursuing a standardization framework devoid of empirical testing and iterative development. We give the example of the openEHR Foundation, which was established at University College London (UCL) in London, England, with members in 80 countries. The Foundation is a not-for-profit company providing open specifications and working for generic standards for electronic records, informed directly by a wide range of implementation experience. We also introduce the Opereffa open source framework, which was developed at UCL based on these specifications and which has been downloaded in some 70 countries. We argue that such an approach is now essential to support good discipline, innovation, and governance at the heart of medicine and health services, in line with the new mandate for health commissioning in the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), which emphasizes patient participation, innovation, transparency, and accountability. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 32-39 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/648 %N 1 %1 University College London David Ingram has held posts in industry, the National Health Service, and university medical schools. After undergraduate physics at Oxford and several years in the medical engineering industry, he studied computer science and completed doctoral research on the mathematical modelling of biological systems at University College London. He was appointed to the first UK Chair in Medical Informatics in 1989 and participated, as partner and reviewer, of numerous EU and UK Research Council Health Informatics programmes and projects from 1985-2011, including coordinating the EU GEHR Project, which laid the foundations for a standard health record architecture and the openEHR Foundation and community, internationally. In 2011, he established Charing Systems as a spinout company of UCL, to provide services to developers and users of clinical systems, to support their integration within open-source platforms, utilizing the specifications and methods pioneered and made freely available under open license by the Foundation. He is an elected Honorary Member of the Royal College of Physicians, in recognition of his services to medical science. %2 University College London Seref Arikan has worked in the software industry for 15 years and in the medical informatics domain for 10 years. He is strongly focused on research and development tasks and has wide experience of information technologies and architectures for projects ranging from workflow based systems to national e-health repositories. He has been studying at UCL, pursuing research for a PhD under the supervision of Professor David Ingram, since 2008 and is currently working at Ocean Informatics UK. His research interests are in innovative, high-performance architectures to enable and support computable machine intelligence in healthcare, supported by open source tools and frameworks. He has already released much of this work as open source – the Opereffa framework described here being the most significant item. The clinical context of his PhD programme is the ophthalmology record at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, where he works alongside Dr Bill Aylward, leader of the openEyes initiative for an open source electronic patient record for eye care. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/648 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T A Firm-Level Innovation Management Framework and Assessment Tool for Increasing Competitiveness %A Sorin Cohn %K competitiveness assessment %K firm-level innovation %K innovation models %K innovation performance %K management %K management effectiveness %K tools %X Innovation depends on much more than just technology and R&D. It is a means to an end – competitive success and higher market value – and it needs to be managed strategically and methodically for tangible corporate performance where it matters: in the market. This article introduces a comprehensive corporate innovation management framework (v-CIM) and a targeted competitiveness assessment tool (i-TCA). Properly used by corporate leaders, this framework and its associated tool enable innovation managers to decide on priorities for competitive development, adopt appropriate innovation strategies to meet corporate goals, monitor progress, make adjustments, and help create and maintain a culture of innovation that is aligned with business goals. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-15 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/731 %N 10 %1 BD Cohnsulting Inc. Sorin Cohn has 35 years of international business and technology experience, having been involved in most facets of innovation development: from idea to research and lab prototype, from technology to product, and then to market success on the global stage. He has developed new technologies, created R&D laboratories, started new product lines, and initiated and managed new business units. Sorin has several essential patents in web services, wireless, and digital signal processing, as well as over 70 publications and presentations. He has also been Adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa. He is a Killam Scholar, and he holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering, an MSc in Physics, and an MEng in Engineering Physics. Sorin is President of BD Cohnsulting Inc. As well, he acts as Leader of Innovation Metrics at The Conference Board of Canada and as Chief Program Officer of i-CANADA. He is also Member of the Board of Startup Canada as well as the Board of the Centre for Energy Efficiency. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/731 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T From Idea Crowdsourcing to Managing User Knowledge %A Risto Rajala %A Mika Westerlund %A Mervi Vuori %A Jukka-Pekka Hares %K crowdsourcing %K knowledge management %K lead users %K online communities %K user innovation %X This article explores how technology companies can benefit from user knowledge in product and service innovation beyond mere idea generation through crowdsourcing. We investigate a case from the telecommunications sector to discover the ways a company can overcome the challenges of motivating users to participate in innovation activity and gaining from their knowledge in the innovation process. In particular, we seek to learn how the company has created understanding about the future uses of technology and the developments of the market with the lead users. In addition, we analyze the key means of capturing value from the knowledge gathered from the users, including the essential organizational practices that support user innovation and the ways the company makes sense of the vast volume and variety of user knowledge. Our empirical inquiry increases the understanding of how technology companies can complement and use crowdsourcing to effectively utilize knowledge resident in user communities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 23-31 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/750 %N 12 %1 Aalto University Risto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Rajala holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University School of Business. His recent research has dealt with management of complex service systems, development of digital services, service innovation, and business model performance. Rajala’s specialties include management of industrial services, collaborative service innovation, knowledge management, and design of digital services. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open and user innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Aalto University Mervi Vuori, M.Sc. (Econ) is a researcher and doctoral candidate at Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Since 2010, she has acted as a principal researcher in several research projects in the field of purchasing and innovation management. She is currently working on her doctoral dissertation on "Innovating and collaborating with external resources: crowds, communities and suppliers". Her research is centered on the use of external resources, related management interfaces, as well as integration mechanisms in service and business model innovation. %4 Aalto University Jukka-Pekka Hares, M.Sc. (Econ) received his master’s degree from the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. His master’s thesis focused on crowdsourcing and user knowledge management in online user communities. He is currently working at the public relations agency Manifesto as a communications consultant. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/750 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T From Ideas to Opportunities: Exploring the Construction of Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Opportunities %A Ferran Giones %A Zhao Zhou %A Francesc Miralles %A Bernhard Katzy %K constructivist view %K entrepreneurship policy %K technology entrepreneurship %X The transformation of business ideas into market opportunities is at the core of entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the complexity of such a transformative process is seen to change depending on the variables influencing the opportunity-entrepreneur nexus. Although technology-entrepreneurship is regarded as a force of change and dynamism in socio-economic growth, it also depends upon an intricate process of opportunity development. The interest in understanding better how technology-based entrepreneurs simultaneously cope with technological uncertainty while trying to gain stakeholder support and access to resources, highlights a relevant research gap. The research described in this article uses the constructivist view to deepen our understanding of the technology-based entrepreneur’s conceptualization of the opportunity as a process of social construction. Our results show how initial consensus-building efforts and iteration with knowledgeable peers are an essential part of the emergence of the opportunity, changing both entrepreneur's and stakeholders' perceptions of the early business idea. Consequently, our results provide evidence in support of policy programs and measures that favour social-construction support mechanisms to foster technology-based entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 13-20 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/692 %N 6 %1 Ramon Llull University Ferran Giones is a research assistant at La Salle Innova Institute – Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, Spain. He has Bachelors and Masters degrees in Business Administration from ESADE Business School in Barcelona. Ferran’s professional background is in management consulting and international business-operations development. In recent years, he has been working in the areas of entrepreneurship and innovation, closely studying how entrepreneurs' ventures emerge in dynamic environments under high uncertainty conditions. %2 Leiden University Zhao Zhou is a PhD candidate at the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM) at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research interests are focused on the regional innovation system, technology-based entrepreneurship, and technology transfer. He has published in several international journals. %3 Ramon Llull University Francesc Miralles leads the La Salle Innova Institute in Barcelona, Spain, and is Professor of IS strategy, Innovation Management, and Research Methods in La Salle BES, at La Salle Campus Barcelona - Ramon Llull University. He has a PhD from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia and an MBA from ESADE. Before joining La Salle BES - URL, he was Executive Director in the Information Society Observatory of Catalonia (FOBSIC). Francesc was Professor and Dean at the University Pompeu Fabra Barcelona. His current research interests are in the area of information technology management, innovation management, and entrepreneurship. He has participated in several international research projects funded by the European Commission, the CYCIT (Spanish government), and the CENIT programme (Ministry of Science & Innovation). For three years, Francesc was a member of the executive committee of the International Conference on Information Systems (sponsored by AIS). He was co-chairman of the ICIS’02 held in Barcelona in December 2002. %4 University BW Munich / Leiden University Bernhard R. Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at the University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in The Netherlands. He is founder and director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). Bernhard was invited to be the keynote speaker at the launch event of the European Living Lab movement in December 2006, is leading the knowledge-worker living lab (one of the first wave of living labs), and is founding member of ENoLL, the association of living labs. He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering and business management. He holds a PhD in industrial management from University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen in Germany and a second Ph.D. (Habilitation) in general management and technology management from University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interest is about entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/692 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Going Open: Does it Mean Giving Away Control? %A Nadia Noori %A Michael Weiss %K and collaboration %K governance %K Open innovation %K open source %K platforms %K regulatory tools %X Open source software has evolved from being an effort driven by a collective of volunteers to become an integral part of commercial software. Constant demands for new features besides maintaining product quality made companies seek open source as an answer for these demands. These growing demands brought with them control of quality, architecture, contribution management, and community management. This article explores the governance strategies adopted by open source software projects to manage the quality of complements (such as plug-ins that extend a platform's functionality) developed by community members outside the core team. The outcomes of the research contribute to our understanding of the strategies followed by different open source platform owners (the open source project initiators) to manage external innovation in the case of platform extensions in two areas: i) governance models and ii) regulatory tools. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 27-31 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/647 %N 1 %1 Coral CEA Nadia Noori holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her research interests includes open source platforms, governance models and collaboration frameworks, and product architecture and design. She works currently as a Production and Platforms Manager at Coral CEA, a not-for-profit organization based in Ottawa. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/647 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T The Habitation Lab: Using a Design Approach to Foster Innovation for Sustainable Living %A Paula Femenías %A Pernilla Hagbert %K experimentation %K Habitation Lab %K housing development %K innovation %K living labs %K residing %K sustainable %X This article describes a first step towards a strategy for using living labs as a means to foster innovation and develop new concepts of sustainable living from an architectural point of view. The overall aim is to enable truly sustainable living through radically reduced energy and resource use thus addressing both environmental and social aspects of sustainability. Earlier research has shown that contemporary housing developments, including those with a sustainable profile, do not profoundly question modern lifestyles and consumption, which is a necessity to overcome limitations of a technological focus on environmental efficiency in construction. Thus, we see an opportunity for the discipline of architecture to engage in current investments in living lab facilities in order to push innovation in the field of sustainable housing. We introduce the concept of a "Habitation Lab", which will provide an arena for radical and high-risk design experimentation between users, building-sector actors, and academia, and we describe a case study of a planned Habitation Lab within a living lab facility where traditional solutions for daily living and habitation are questioned and new architectural innovations are explored and evaluated. The idea of using experimental activities in the field of housing is not new, and we argue that new investments should build on earlier experiences to avoid perpetuating misconceptions and repeating past failures. Furthermore, to ensure the dissemination and uptake of results, the design of the Habitation Lab should consider the innovation and learning trajectories of the building sector. We propose a transdisciplinary setting to provide a neutral arena for value creation and to increase the distribution of experiences. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 15-21 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/741 %N 11 %1 Chalmers University of Technology Paula Femenías is an architect and Assistant Professor at the Department of Architecture at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Paula works in several ongoing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research projects focusing on innovation, development, and learning for more sustainable building. Her work includes developing the perspective of clients and owners and researching the specific challenges for redevelopment of the existing built environment from a multi-value and multi-interest perspective. %2 Chalmers University of Technology Pernilla Hagbert is an architect and doctoral student within the Homes for Tomorrow research environment at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. With previous experience in planning and design, including design/build processes for constructing affordable housing, Pernilla's work addresses all scales of the development of more sustainable living environments. Her PhD research specifically examines the concept of home in light of and with regards to a global resource perspective, with the purpose of providing a framework for re-conceptualization of the sustainable home. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/741 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T A Heritage Economy: Business Model Innovation for Economic Wealth, Social Well-Being, and Environmental Health %A Frédérick Brousseau-Gauthier %A Yvon Brousseau %K benefit corporation %K business model innovation %K heritage economy %K impact investment %K natural capitalism %X Faced with the inherent unsustainability of infinite growth in a world of finite resources, the neoclassical economy is running towards a cliff. In order to avoid a hard landing, enterprises need to broaden their definitions of value and wealth to include parameters that are not currently in the economic lexicon, but are still of paramount importance in our lives. Taken from that angle, heritage can be seen as a perfect replacement for capital, because its multidimensional and complex nature opens up numerous possibilities for the creation of shared economic, social, and environmental value; the designing of value chains; and the direction of technological innovation. This article explores the various ramifications of a paradigm shift from managing capital to managing heritage, and it underlines the need to create a series of pioneering business models for enterprises to adapt and profit from a new, heritage economy. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 32-37 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/726 %N 9 %1 Université du Québec à Montréal Frédérick Brousseau-Gauthier is a creative writing student at Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), with a strong interest in the relationships between politics, the economy, and the environment. Between 2006 and 2008, he took part as speaker in several seminars in France and Canada on the topic of information technologies and their role in education. He also worked as columnist and investigative reporter in various student media outlets, covering matters from citizens’ engagement in their democracy to the management of collective property. He is currently writing a novel. %2 Centre of Excellence in Energy Efficiency Yvon Brousseau is CEO of the Centre of Excellence in Energy Efficiency (C3E), which has a mandate to develop “commercialization exit strategies” for R&D projects from the private and public sectors across Canada. He holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a Bachelor of Science degree in Microbiology from Sherbrooke University, Canada. He has more than 20 years of experience including his current role of CEO of C3E, during 8 years as CEO for an applied mathematical start-up company, and during 12 years as a marketing/finance consultant. He managed and operated business corporate strategies and R&D projects for different business sectors (e.g., biotech, chemistry, optics, and mathematics) with well-educated and seasoned employees from scientific, technical, and financial backgrounds. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/726 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T How Can Entrepreneurs Motivate Crowdsourcing Participants? %A Derek Smith %A Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh %A Asrar Alshaikh %K crowdsourcing %K entrepreneur %K startup %K technology entrepreneurship %X Crowdsourcing is a way to access a global crowd of talented people and to channel their talent and creative effort towards some useful endeavour. Technology entrepreneurs who may have limited resources, especially during the start-up phase of the business, will be attracted to crowdsourcing as a means to access funding, knowledge, subject matter experts, and resources on a global scale. In this article, we review the published research on crowdsourcing as it relates to motivation, and distil the insights from that research that will be useful to technology entrepreneurs. First, we organize the published research into three streams according to crowd type: i) task-based public crowd, ii) information-exchange public crowd, and iii) employee-based crowd. Next, we identify the motivational drivers common to all streams as well as the motivational drivers that are unique to each stream. Finally, we offer five recommendations for technology entrepreneurs seeking to apply crowdsourcing. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 23-30 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/657 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses to navigate and grow their international patent portfolios. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %2 Carleton University Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds an MBA degree from Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business and has a degree in Biomedical Engineering from Tehran Polytechnic University. He has 5 years of working experience in a medical equipment company and his main area of interest relates to crowdsourcing and international business. %3 Carleton University Asrar Abdulqader Alshaikh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a Bachelor of Accounting degree from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Her working experience includes customer service in a sale for distribution and communication company as well as working for the Alahli Bank (NCB) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/657 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T How Do We Keep the Living Laboratory Alive? Learning and Conflicts in Living Lab Collaboration %A Louna Hakkarainen %A Sampsa Hyysalo %K collaboration %K conflicts %K gerontechnology %K health care %K learning %K living labs %X Living lab environments are often promoted as a way to engage private companies, citizens, researchers, and public organizations in mutually beneficial learning. Based on an in-depth case study of a four-year living lab collaboration in gerontechnology, we agree that successful living lab development hinges on learning between the parties, yet its emergence cannot be presumed or taken for granted. Diverse competences and interests of participating actors often make technology development projects complicated and volatile. The study describes two specific challenges faced in a living lab project: i) power issues between the actors and ii) end-user reluctance to participate in the development of new technology. Despite the hardships, we suggest that the living lab environment worked as a catalyst for learning between users and developers. Nevertheless, realizing the benefits of this learning may be more challenging than is usually expected. Learning for interaction is needed before effective learning in interaction is possible. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 16-22 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/749 %N 12 %1 Aalto University Louna Hakkarainen, M.Soc.Sci, is a Doctoral candidate in the School of Arts, Design and Architecture at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. She is also finishing her licenciate degree in the University of Helsinki's Faculty of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social shaping of technology, living lab development, and facilitation. %2 Aalto University Sampsa Hyysalo is an Associate Professor in Co-Design in Aalto University's School of Arts, Design and Architecture, and he is a Senior Researcher at the Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. Sampsa’s research and teaching focus on user involvement in innovation and the co-evolution of technologies, practices, and organizations. He received his PhD in Behavioral Sciences from the University of Helsinki and holds a Docentship in information systems, specializing in user-centered design. Sampsa has published 30 peer-reviewed articles, and his most recent books are Health Technology Development and Use: From Practice-Bound Imagination to Evolving Impacts (2010) and Käyttäjä Tuotekehityksessä—Tieto, Tutkimus, Menetelmät (Users in Product Development—Knowledge, Research, Methods, 2009). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/749 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T How Service Innovation Boosts Bottom Lines %A Claude Legrand %A Rob LaJoie %K complex problems %K innovation %K innovation gap %K innovative intelligence %K service innovation %X In the national quest for ground-breaking R&D discoveries and inventions, service innovation is frequently ignored at considerable cost to an organization’s bottom line and a nation’s productivity. For the fact is that innovation applied systematically to all activities outside of R&D can make the difference between uninspiring results and substantial growth in every sector. Many countries, in particular in Europe, have recognized the importance of service innovation and are devoting considerable resources to research, the capture of best practices, and the measurement of progress and success. Given the physiognomy of the modern economy, it does not make sense for leaders in the Canadian public sector to devote all available innovation investment dollars to science and technology R&D. This article explores why service innovation is not yet a priority on the innovation agenda in Canada and why we should correct the dangerous misconception that there is just one “innovation gap” that needs to be addressed. It provides practical recommendations that public and private sector leaders can use to take advantage of this under-valued, high-potential innovation opportunity and calls for the creation of a national service innovation resource to support enterprises of all sizes as a means to improve Canadian productivity. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 20-25 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/724 %N 9 %1 Staples Innovation Claude Legrand is Managing Partner of Staples Innovation, a consulting and learning company based in Toronto, Canada. Prior to this, Claude was Founder and President of Ideaction Inc. For over 25 years, Claude has worked with more than 100 organizations providing strategic counsel, planning, implementation, measurement, and learning programs on innovation. His research interests include the practical application of innovation in organizations and he frequently speaks on all aspects of non-R&D innovation. Claude was the founding Program Director for the Centre of Excellence in Innovation Management at the Schulich Executive Education Centre, part of the Schulich Business School. He is the co-author of Innovative Intelligence – The Art and Practice of Leading Sustainable Innovation in Your Organization. %2 Staples Innovation Rob LaJoie is Managing Partner and leader of Staples Innovation’s consulting and implementation practices. For more than 20 years, he has used the innovation models developed by Ideaction to solve complex problems in the service sector. He is a former Operating Executive of BMO Bank of Montreal with accountabilities in Retail & Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Prior to joining Staples Innovation, he was the Head of the North American financial services practice for ZS Associates, a global consulting firm specializing in sales and marketing strategy and operations. Rob holds undergraduate degrees in Science and Management Economics, both from the University of Guelph, Canada, an MBA from the Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario in London, Canada, and Executive Program certificates from the J.L. Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in Illinois, United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/724 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Incubation Programs from Public Research Organizations as Catalysts for Open Business Ecosystems %A Sven H. De Cleyn %A Frank Gielen %A Jan Coppens %K clusters of innovation %K incubation programs %K startup ecosystem %K technology entrepreneurship %K university-industry interaction %X In many economies, new knowledge and technology creation and transfer towards local entities and new startups have been recognized as catalysts for industry renewal and tools for safeguarding (or even enhancing) a region’s employment and prosperity. This article presents a case study of iMinds, a network organization in Flanders, Belgium. The organization fosters interdisciplinary research in information and communication technologies (ICT) and strongly engages in transferring these new technologies towards local actors and in creating and supporting new startups. iMinds’ incubation and entrepreneurship programs act as catalysts for open innovation and company startup activities in the Flemish region. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 29-34 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/677 %N 4 %1 iMinds Sven H. De Cleyn is Incubation Programs Manager at iMinds, a strategic ICT research centre founded by the Flemish government, where he supports new startup and spin-off projects from their pre-seed phase onwards. He received a PhD in Applied Economics at Antwerp University, Belgium, for his research on the early development of academic spin-offs in Europe. He currently also lectures on entrepreneurship at Karel de Grote University College in Antwerp, he coaches students at the Antwerp Management School, and he conducts research on high-tech entrepreneurship and academic spin-offs as a post-doc researcher at the University of Antwerp. %2 iMinds Frank Gielen is Director of Incubation & Entrepreneurship at iMinds. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from the Free University of Brussels, Belgium. He is also Professor at Ghent University, Belgium, where he teaches courses on software and technology entrepreneurship and drives student entrepreneurship through the "Durf Ondernemen" program. He has entrepreneurial experience through different roles in several ventures. %3 iMinds Ondernemen" program. He has entrepreneurial experience through different roles in several ventures. Jan Coppens obtained his PhD in computer science engineering from the Information Technology Department of Ghent University, Belgium, in 2006. He continued his research in network technology at Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, where he managed several research projects. As part of an internal corporate venture effort, Jan founded and led a small team of entrepreneurs to bring innovative home-networking technology under CxO attention and push it along the product roadmap. At the end of 2007, he left Bell Labs to join the Business Technology Office of McKinsey & Company. Currently, Jan is responsible for marketing and business development at the iMinds Incubation & Entrepreneurship program. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/677 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Introducing “Business Source”: The Future of Corporate Open Source Licensing? %A Michael (Monty) Widenius %A Linus Nyman %K business source %K open core %K open source business models %K open source software development %K software licensing %X The benefits of the open source development model have been proven by the test of time; however, making this development model economically feasible can be challenging. In this article, Monty Widenius puts forth a suggestion for a new type of license, which is the result of the lessons learned from decades of work on open source, both as programmer and entrepreneur. The result, “business source”, is a license that seeks to enable a business model that can both harness the benefits of open source while generating sufficient income for the program’s continued development. The business source license automatically changes terms after a given period: an initial non-open source license with specific usage restrictions that transforms to a fully open source license on a specific future date. In this article, we contribute a proposal for a novel license, a set of recommendations for managers, and a sample text of a business source license. This work will be of relevance to four main groups: i) those developing or managing a closed source program but who are interested in the benefits open source offers; ii) those managing open core programs; iii) projects in development; and iv) investors interested in funding open source projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 3 %P 5-12 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/691 %N 6 %1 MySQL Ab Michael (Monty) Widenius is the founder and original developer of MySQL and MariaDB. He has been an entrepreneur since 1979 and founded MySQL Ab, Monty Program Ab, SkySQL, the MariaDB Foundation, and Open Ocean capital. %2 Hanken School of Economics Linus Nyman is a doctoral student at the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. The topic of his PhD is code forking in open source software, and he lectures on corporate strategy and open source software. Other areas of interest include freemium and microtransaction business models in gaming. Linus has a Master’s degree in Economics from the Hanken School of Economics. Regarding this article, he would like to note that business source is Monty’s idea; Linus merely got involved to help put the idea into article form. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/691 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Key Factors Affecting a Technology Entrepreneur's Choice of Incubator or Accelerator %A Diane A. Isabelle %K accelerator %K entrepreneur %K incubator %K technology entrepreneurship %K venture %X Technology entrepreneurship rarely succeeds in isolation; increasingly, it occurs in interconnected networks of business partners and other organizations. For entrepreneurs lacking access to an established business ecosystem, incubators and accelerators provide a possible support mechanism for access to partners and resources. Yet, these relatively recent approaches to supporting entrepreneurship are still evolving. Therefore, it can be challenging for entrepreneurs to assess these mechanisms and to make insightful decisions on whether or not to join an incubator or accelerator, and which incubator or accelerator best meets their needs. In this article, five key factors that entrepreneurs should take into consideration about incubators and accelerators are offered. Insights are drawn from two surveys of managers and users of incubators and accelerators. An understanding of these five key success factors (stage of venture, fit with incubator’s mission, selection and graduation policies, services provided, and network of partners) and potential pitfalls will help entrepreneurs confidently enter into a relationship with an incubator or accelerator. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 16-22 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/656 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Diane Isabelle is a faculty member at Carleton University's Sprott School of Business, where she teaches marketing, entrepreneurship, and international business. She is also the principal of Diane Isabelle & Associates Consultants. She was formerly the Executive Director to the Vice-President Physical Sciences at the National Research Council of Canada, and was for many years an Industrial Technology Advisor for NRC-Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP), supporting Canadian SMEs with the strategic use of innovation and business advice to compete on the global scene. She holds a PhD in management, an MBA, and an undergraduate engineering degree. Her areas of expertise include: technology entrepreneurship; strategic planning and foresight; and national and international initiatives in science and technology. Her research interests include: international collaborations, national innovation systems, science and technology commercialization, and other topics related to technology entrepreneurship and innovation management. She is the author of publications and communications in the field of innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/656 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Keystone Business Models for Network Security Processors %A Arthur Low %A Steven Muegge %K business ecosystems %K business model innovation %K commercialization %K cybersecurity %K platforms %K semiconductors %K technology entrepreneurship %X Network security processors are critical components of high-performance systems built for cybersecurity. Development of a network security processor requires multi-domain experience in semiconductors and complex software security applications, and multiple iterations of both software and hardware implementations. Limited by the business models in use today, such an arduous task can be undertaken only by large incumbent companies and government organizations. Neither the “fabless semiconductor” models nor the silicon intellectual-property licensing (“IP-licensing”) models allow small technology companies to successfully compete. This article describes an alternative approach that produces an ongoing stream of novel network security processors for niche markets through continuous innovation by both large and small companies. This approach, referred to here as the "business ecosystem model for network security processors", includes a flexible and reconfigurable technology platform, a “keystone” business model for the company that maintains the platform architecture, and an extended ecosystem of companies that both contribute and share in the value created by innovation. New opportunities for business model innovation by participating companies are made possible by the ecosystem model. This ecosystem model builds on: i) the lessons learned from the experience of the first author as a senior integrated circuit architect for providers of public-key cryptography solutions and as the owner of a semiconductor startup, and ii) the latest scholarly research on technology entrepreneurship, business models, platforms, and business ecosystems. This article will be of interest to all technology entrepreneurs, but it will be of particular interest to owners of small companies that provide security solutions and to specialized security professionals seeking to launch their own companies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 25-33 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/703 %N 7 %1 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has a number of patents in the field of hardware cryptography. He has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, and is completing his MSc degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/703 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Leveraging Old Intellectual Property to Accelerate Technology Entrepreneurship %A Derek Smith %K accelerated startup %K business models %K copyright %K crowdfunding %K due diligence %K entrepreneurs %K funding %K intellectual property %K old technology %K product development clearance %K trademark %X Acquiring or licensing assets to older technologies, including surviving intellectual property rights, is an often-overlooked viable strategy for accelerating technology entrepreneurship. This strategy can help entrepreneurs short-cut the growth of a customer base, reduce development effort, and shorten the time to market with a minimum viable product. However, this strategy is not without risk; entrepreneurs need to be careful that the acquired intellectual property rights are not fraught with issues that could severely outweigh any perceived value. Proper investigation is required to ensure success because the current literature fails to provide tools that an entrepreneur can apply when considering the acquisition of intellectual property. This article includes a case study of a technology company – Piranha Games – that indirectly acquired sole and exclusive access to a substantial historical customer base by acquiring and licensing older technology and surviving intellectual property assets. The founders then leveraged the existing product brand and its historical customers to acquire significant funding and went global with a minimum viable product in three years. The copyright and trademark assets provided value on day one to Piranha Games by making it difficult and risky for others to exploit the technology. Based on this case study, this article offers recommendations to entrepreneurs who may benefit from acquiring old intellectual property to accelerate the growth of their startups. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 21-27 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/693 %N 6 %1 Magneto Innovention Management Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses to navigate and grow their international patent portfolios. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/693 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Linking Living Lab Characteristics and Their Outcomes: Towards a Conceptual Framework %A Carina Veeckman %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K co-creation %K innovation ecosystem %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K user involvement %X Despite almost a decade of living lab activity all over Europe, there still is a lack of empirical research into the practical implementation and the related outcomes of living labs. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to create a better understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of living labs. We investigate three living labs in Belgium and one in Finland to learn how the different building blocks of living lab environments contribute to the outputs of innovation projects launched within the lab. The findings imply that managers and researchers contemplating innovation in living labs need to consider the intended inputs and outcomes, and reframe their innovation activities accordingly. We formulate practical guidelines on how living labs should be managed on the levels of community interaction, stakeholder engagement, and methodological setup to succeed in implementing living lab projects and to create user-centred innovations. That way, living lab practitioners can work towards a more sustainable way of setting up living labs that can run innovation projects over a longer period of time. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-15 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/748 %N 12 %1 iMinds Carina Veeckman is a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium, where she started working for the iMinds-SMIT research group in 2011. Until March 2013, Carina was responsible for the living lab methodology within the Flemish Living Lab Platform (FLELLAP), which included numerous projects within the smart grids, smart media, and smart cities domains with a test panel of 2,000 users. Her current research and interests are related to open data and the co-creation of mobile applications within a smart city context, and the willingness to share location information when using these applications. %2 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman is a Senior Researcher at the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and is responsible for the methodology of living lab projects facilitated by iMinds iLab.o. His involvement in living labs started in 2010 with the Mediatuin and LeYLab living labs. To date, he has managed over 30 concrete living lab projects that deal with new media and innovative use of ICT. He is currently finishing his PhD on living labs at Ghent University in Belgium. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Seppo Leminen holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology from the Helsinki University of Technology (now the School of Electrical Engineering at Aalto University). His doctoral research focused on perceived differences and gaps in buyer-seller relationships in the telecommunication industry. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, value co-creation and capture with users, neuromarketing, relationships, services, and business models in marketing as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/748 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T A Living Lab as a Service: Creating Value for Micro-enterprises through Collaboration and Innovation %A Anna Ståhlbröst %K experience-based values %K innovation intermediary %K Living lab %K micro-enterprise %K value %X The need to innovate is increasingly important for all types and sizes of organizations, but the opportunities for innovation differ substantially between them. For micro-, small,- and medium-sized enterprises, innovation activities are both crucial and demanding because of limited resources, competencies, or vision to innovate their offerings. To support these organizations, the concept of living labs as a service has started to emerge. This concept refers to living labs offering services such as designing the idea-generation processes, planning or carrying out real-world tests of innovations, and pre-market launch assessments. In this article, we will present the findings from a study of micro-enterprises operating in the information technology development sector, including the experienced value of services provided to the companies by a research-based living lab. We share experiences from Botnia, our own living lab in northern Sweden. In this living lab, our aim of creating value for customers is of key importance. Our study shows that using a living lab as a service can generate three different types of value: improved innovations, the role the living lab can play, and the support the living lab offers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 37-42 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/744 %N 11 %1 Luleå University of Technology Anna Ståhlbröst is a Senior Lecturer in Social Informatics at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, where she also holds a PhD in Social Informatics. Her research is focused on the phenomena of living labs and open, user-driven innovation processes, with special interest in service innovation and end-user needs and motivations. Anna's research is related to different application areas such as energy, domestic-IT use, and smart cities. She has participated in several international and national innovation and research projects, and she has contributed to the field with more than forty journal and conference articles. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/744 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Local Open Innovation: How to Go from Ideas to Solutions %A Oscar Smulders %K intellectual property %K local open innovation %K Maintenance Valuepark %K Quest for Solutions %K regional innovation ecosystem %X Local open innovation can be used to create a powerful dynamic within a local multi-stakeholder environment. This article shares the experiences of setting up a collaborative innovation process in a regional initiative in the Netherlands. In the first phase of the process, a couple of interactive idea generating sessions have been organized. These so called Quest for Solutions sessions have not only generated a rich set of useful solutions, but they also created a positive vibe within the local community. Factors that have contributed to the success of the idea generation sessions are working around real-life problems involving people who are directly affected by the problem. The structure of the sessions with alternating phases of divergence, exploration, and convergence allowed for broad understanding of the problems, exploration of potential solutions, and working towards result-oriented value statements. Key challenges in translating the ideas into solutions have been determining the value case and dealing with intellectual property. Special attention is given to the notion of innovative contract design as a means of dealing with intellectual property in an environment of local open innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 21-26 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/666 %N 3 %1 Minase Oscar Smulders is consultant for Minase, a company that focuses on creating strategic partnerships between companies, improving collaboration within supply chains, and setting up collaborative clusters and innovative networks. Oscar received an MSc degree in Business Economics from Tilburg University and an MBA degree at Université du Québec à Montréal. Recently, he has been involved as Project Manager in the development of the Maintenance Valuepark (MVP), and recently he has taken up the role of Innovation Manager for the Knowledge and Innovation Centre of the MVP. Development and sharing of knowledge, network learning, and creation of trust are his focal points. Oscar believes in a participative approach, working together with all relevant stakeholders in an open and transparent setting, and sharing knowledge and opinions in order to reach the best outcomes. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/666 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Managing Cybersecurity Research and Experimental Development: The REVO Approach %A Dan Craigen %A Drew Vandeth %A D’Arcy Walsh %K cybersecurity %K experimental development %K performance indicators %K research %K research program lifecycle %K research-activity descriptions %K research-requirement statements %K strategic research contexts %X We present a systematic approach for managing a research and experimental development cybersecurity program that must be responsive to continuously evolving cybersecurity, and other, operational concerns. The approach will be of interest to research-program managers, academe, corporate leads, government leads, chief information officers, chief technology officers, and social and technology policy analysts. The approach is compatible with international standards and procedures published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS). The key benefits of the approach are the following: i) the breadth of the overall (cybersecurity) space is described; ii) depth statements about specific (cybersecurity) challenges are articulated and mapped to the breadth of the problem; iii) specific (cybersecurity) initiatives that have been resourced through funding or personnel are tracked and linked to specific challenges; and iv) progress is assessed through key performance indicators. Although we present examples from cybersecurity, the method may be transferred to other domains. We have found the approach to be rigorous yet adaptive to change; it challenges an organization to be explicit about the nature of its research and experimental development in a manner that fosters alignment with evolving business priorities, knowledge transfer, and partner engagement. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 34-41 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/705 %N 7 %1 Communications Security Establishment Canada Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH in Math and his MSc in Math from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 IBM Systems Research Drew Vandeth is the Senior Research Strategist for the National Security Community and a Senior Researcher at IBM Systems Research. He is the founder of the Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing (TIMC) and was its first Deputy Director. His research interests include theoretical and computational number theory, contextual and cognitive computing, high performance computing architectures, autonomic and autonomous analytical systems, and research management. Dr. Vandeth holds a PhD in Number Theory from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, an MMath in Number Theory from the University of Waterloo, Canada, and a BMath (Hons) in Pure Mathematics, also from the University of Waterloo. %3 Communications Security Establishment Canada D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/705 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Measuring Innovation Skills Acquired by College and Polytechnic Students through Applied Research %A Robert Luke %K applied research %K business innovation %K college %K experiential learning %K innovation literacy %K logic model %K polytechnic %K skills %K student research %X This article provides an overview of how colleges and polytechnic institutes are fostering innovation literacy via support for business innovation, and it outlines models for measuring innovation literacy for improved downstream innovation and productivity in industry. The article demonstrates how we can innovate innovation by taking a specific, proactive, and instrumental approach to fostering business innovation and skills acquisition gained through applied research work experience by students as part of their college education. This approach is being used by George Brown College in developing a framework for measuring this innovation potential with a long-term, outcomes-based analysis. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 36-43 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/735 %N 10 %1 George Brown College Robert Luke is Vice President of Research and Innovation for George Brown College in Toronto, Canada. He leads the college’s applied research and innovation activities that focus on working with industry to address development needs and productivity challenges. He is also responsible for institutional research and planning, focusing on overall educational quality measurement and improvement, and strategy implementation, as well as e-learning and innovation in teaching and learning. He is Chair of the Polytechnics Canada Research Group, a member of the Toronto Community Foundation Toronto Vital Signs Advisory Group, and he is a member of the Programs and Quality Committee of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. He served as a member of the Council of Canadian Academies’ Expert Panel on "The State of Science and Technology in Canada, 2012". In 2012, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for contributions to Canadian education and innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/735 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Multifactor Authentication: Its Time Has Come %A Jim Reno %K authentication attacks %K authentication mechanisms %K multifactor authentication %K online security %X Transactions of any value must be authenticated to help prevent online crime. Even seemingly innocent interactions, such as social media postings, can have serious consequences if used fraudulently. A key problem in modern online interactions is establishing the identity of the user without alienating the user. Historically, almost all online authentications have been implemented using simple passwords, but increasingly these methods are under attack. Multifactor authentication requires the presentation of two or more of the three authentication factor types: “What you know”, “What you have”, and “What you are”. After presentation, each factor must be validated by the other party for authentication to occur. Multifactor authentication is a potential solution to the authentication problem, and it is beginning to be implemented at websites operated by well-known companies. This article surveys the different mechanisms used to implement multifactor authentication. How a site chooses to implement multifactor authentication affects security as well as the overall user experience. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 51-58 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/716 %N 8 %1 CA Technologies Jim Reno is a Distinguished Engineer and Chief Architect for Security at CA Technologies. He joined CA with the Arcot acquisition in October 2010. At Arcot, Jim led the development of strong authentication and risk management systems. He has more than 30 years’ experience in software development, working on operating systems, databases, networking, systems management, and security. Jim is one of the inventors of the 3-D Secure protocol used in the Verified by Visa and MasterCard SecureCode programs. He holds multiple patents in the area of credit card verification and authentication. At CA he guides the overall architecture of CA’s security products as well as security aspects of the entire CA portfolio. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/716 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Navigating Risk When Entering and Participating in a Business Ecosystem %A Derek Smith %K business ecosystem %K due diligence %K entrepreneurs %K literature review %K mitigation %K risk %K risk identification %K startups %K threat management %X Entrepreneurs typically have limited resources during the start-up phase of a business. Business ecosystems are a strategy for entrepreneurs to access and exchange many different aspects of value, resources, and benefits. However, there may be business risks for entering a particular type of ecosystem, and further risks may be encountered after entering and participating in a business ecosystem. These risks are significant and can inhibit a startup's growth. In this article, the literature on business ecosystems is reviewed as it relates to risk to discover insights of relevance to entrepreneurs, top management teams, and business-ecosystem operators. First, the published research is organized into two streams: i) risks relating to categories of business ecosystems, and ii) risks relating to participating in business ecosystems. Then, the problem is abstracted to develop a potential strategy for managing these risks, which features a pre-entry inspection followed by real-time resource management. Finally, five recommendations are offered for entrepreneurs seeking to enter and participate in business ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 25-33 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/685 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses to navigate and grow their international patent portfolios. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/685 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Niche Formation in the Mashup Ecosystem %A Michael Weiss %A Solange Sari %A Nadia Noori %K ecosystems %K evolution %K growth %K keystones %K mashups %K niche formation %K recombinant innovation %K speciation %X Mashups enable end-users to "mix and match" data and services available on the web to create applications. Their creation is supported by a complex ecosystem of i) data providers who offer open APIs to users, ii) users who combine APIs into mashups, and iii) platforms, such as the ProgrammableWeb or Mashape, that facilitate the construction and publication of mashups. In this article, we argue that the evolution of the mashup ecosystem can be explained in terms of ecosystem niches anchored around hub or keystone APIs. The members of a niche are focused on an area of specialization (e.g., mapping applications) and contribute their knowledge to the value proposition of the ecosystem as a whole. To demonstrate the formation of niches in the mashup ecosystem, we model groups of related mashups as species, and we reconstruct the evolution of mashup species through phylogenetic analysis. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 13-17 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/683 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source, ecosystems, mashups, patterns, and social network analysis. Michael has published on the evolution of open source business, mashups, platforms, and technology entrepreneurship. %2 Carleton University Solange Sari is a developer/programmer analyst who provides consulting services to both private and public organizations. Her interests includes the design, development, and assessment of web services following standards on usability, accessibility, and interoperability. She holds Master’s degrees in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and in Industrial Engineering from the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Florianópolis, Brazil. %3 Carleton University Nadia Noori holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her research interests includes open source platforms, governance models and collaboration frameworks, and product architecture and design. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/683 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Open Innovation at the Root of Entrepreneurial Strategy: A Case from the Norwegian Oil Industry %A Tatiana Iakovleva %K entrepreneurial orientation %K entrepreneurial strategies %K Open innovation %K SMEs %X This article aims to extend the discussion about entrepreneurial strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by including the concept of open innovation. How can SMEs overcome the challenges of resource scarcity and harsh competition? How they can gain competitive advantage in today’s ever-changing business environment? The answer to both of these questions might be through open innovation: collaborating with researchers, customers, suppliers – even competitors – as well as research institutions and universities. A common barrier to open innovation in an SME is the perception that it will be too time consuming to gain access to a knowledge base of external knowledge providers and link to “gatekeepers” of knowledge. However, an entrepreneurial mindset might help SMEs to move toward an open-innovation approach, where more codified and transferrable knowledge are important. This article discusses the implications of an entrepreneurial focus for open-innovation activities. The usefulness of the open-innovation principles are highlighted through a case study of an Norwegian SME operating in the maritime-oil industry. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 17-22 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/675 %N 4 %1 Stavanger School of Business Tatiana Iakovleva is an Associate Professor in the Stavanger School of Business at Stavanger University, Norway. She received Master of Science degrees in Business in Norway (1998) and in Russia (1999), and a PhD in Management (Innovation and Entrepreneurship) from Bode Graduate School of Business, Norway (2007). Dr. Iakovleva’s research interests include personal and organizational antecedents leading to innovation and superior entrepreneurial performance, female entrepreneurship, as well as factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions. Dr. Iakovleva has published over 20 articles in international journals and has received multiple best paper awards at entrepreneurship-related conferences. She also does consulting work in relation to firm strategies and entrepreneurial startups. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/675 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Open Innovation Processes in Living Lab Innovation Systems: Insights from the LeYLab %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Lieven De Marez %A Pieter Ballon %K knowledge exchange %K living labs %K Open innovation %K open innovation networks %K user innovation %X Living labs have emerged on the crossroads of the open innovation and user innovation frameworks. As open innovation systems, living labs consist of various actors with each playing their specific role. Within this article, we will take an open innovation perspective by analyzing the knowledge spill-overs between living lab actors through three in-depth innovation case studies taking place within the LeYLab living lab in Kortrijk, Belgium. The results illustrate how living labs foster the three open innovation processes of exploration, exploitation, and retention. From our analysis, we conclude that living labs are particularly useful for exploration and, to a lesser extent, exploitation. In terms of retention, living labs seem to hold a large potential; however, the success and the nature of the innovation processes depend on the sustainability of living labs, the number of innovation cases, and the alignment of these cases with the living lab infrastructure. Based on these findings, a concrete set of guidelines is proposed for innovating in living labs and for setting up a living lab constellation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 28-36 %8 11/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/743 %N 11 %1 iMinds Dimitri Schuurman is a Senior Researcher at the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and is responsible for the methodology of living lab projects facilitated by iMinds iLab.o. His involvement in living labs started in 2010 with the Mediatuin and LeYLab living labs. To date, he has managed over 30 concrete living lab projects that deal with new media and innovative use of ICT. He is currently finishing his PhD on living labs at Ghent University in Belgium. %2 iMinds Lieven De Marez is Research Director of the iMinds Media & ICT (MICT) research group and teaches on the topics of innovation research and new communication technologies in the Department of Communication Sciences at Ghent University in Belgium. MICT is one of 16 research groups within iMinds, and Lieven is also part of the management team of iLab.o, iMinds’ facilitating infrastructure for living lab research. %3 iMinds Pieter Ballon is Director Living Labs at iMinds and Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. He also heads iMinds’ Market Innovation & Sector Transition research team, specializing in new business models for the telecommunications and media industries. He leads various national and international projects on open innovation platforms, real-life ICT experiments, and business models for media and ICT services. Since 2009, Pieter is the International Secretary of the European Network of Living Labs. From 2006 to 2007, he coordinated the joint research on business models for future mobile IP-based systems of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI) in the EU 6th Framework Programme. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/743 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Partner Selection for Open Innovation %A Marina Z. Solesvik %A Magnus Gulbrandsen %K causation %K effectuation %K Norway %K Open innovation %K partner selection %X In this article, we consider open innovation from the perspectives of: i) causation and effectuation, and ii) social networking. Our empirical evidence consists of a case study of a late-stage open-innovation project aimed at creating a hybrid ship that uses liquid natural gas and hydrogen as power sources. The results show that the effectuation approach is preferable to open innovation when the initiator of open innovation aims to keep sensitive information inside the closed group, when the initiator has established an effective team of representatives from other firms from earlier innovation projects, and when the participants are geographically close. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 11-16 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/674 %N 4 %1 University of Oslo Marina Z. Solesvik is a postdoctoral research scholar at the Center of Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK) at the University of Oslo. Her research is related to regional innovation in the Oslo region. Marina holds a PhD in Management from the Graduate Business School at the University of Nordland (Norway). Her other research interests include maritime business, entrepreneurial intentions, female entrepreneurship, and strategic alliances. %2 University of Oslo Magnus Gulbrandsen holds a PhD in Industrial Economics and Technology Management from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (2000). He has worked as researcher/senior researcher and research director at the research institute NIFU, where he still has a 20% position. He has also been guest professor at the Copenhagen Business School (2002–03) and senior research fellow at the Centre for Advanced Study, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (2007-08). Magnus is leader of the Innovation group at the Center of Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK) at the University of Oslo. His research topics have included the role of public research organizations in innovation, commercialization of research and university-industry relationships, the nature and legitimacy of research institutes, internationalization of R&D and innovation, quality in science, and the organization and funding of research work in different settings. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/674 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Peer-to-Peer Enclaves for Improving Network Defence %A David W. Archer %A Adam Wick %K cyber countermeasures %K cybersecurity %K dynamic cyberdefence %K enclave computing %K network defence %K peer-to-peer %X Information about cyberthreats within networks spreads slowly relative to the speed at which those threats spread. Typical "threat feeds" that are commercially available also disseminate information slowly relative to the propagation speed of attacks, and they often convey irrelevant information about imminent threats. As a result, hosts sharing a network may miss opportunities to improve their defence postures against imminent attack because needed information arrives too late or is lost in irrelevant noise. We envision timely, relevant peer-to-peer sharing of threat information – based on current technologies – as a solution to these problems and as a useful design pattern for defensive cyberwarfare. In our setting, network nodes form communities that we call enclaves, where each node defends itself while sharing information on imminent threats with peers that have similar threat exposure. In this article, we present our vision for this solution. We sketch the architecture of a typical node in such a network and how it might interact with a framework for sharing threat information; we explain why certain defensive countermeasures may work better in our setting; we discuss current tools that could be used as components in our vision; and we describe opportunities for future research and development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 19-24 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/701 %N 7 %1 Galois, Inc. David Archer is a Research Program Lead at Galois, Inc., where he directs research into high-assurance methods for large-scale cyberconflict. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from Portland State University in the United States as well as an MS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Archer’s research interests also include efficient methods for computing on encrypted data, and information integration, assurance, and provenance. At Intel Corporation, Dr. Archer was instrumental in the development of the communication network for the ASCI Red TeraFLOPS system at Sandia, and in the development of multiple generations of high-performance server and workstation memory and I/O systems. %2 Galois, Inc. Adam Wick directs the Systems and Networking Group at Galois, Inc., where he has worked with DARPA to create advanced network-defence techniques, including CyberChaff and Ditto. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Utah in the United States, as well as a BS in Computer Science from Indiana University Bloomington. Dr. Wick also has been collaborating with SRI, LG, and others to build secure mobile devices for the United States Marine Corps. Prior to this work, he developed the HaLVM, a lightweight machine for running custom, single-purpose applications in the cloud. In all of this work, he maintains a focus on using next-generation operating system and networking technology to create practical tools for critical systems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/701 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Platforms, Communities, and Business Ecosystems: Lessons Learned about Technology Entrepreneurship in an Interconnected World %A Steven Muegge %K architecture of participation %K business ecosystem %K community %K platform %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technology entrepreneurs are increasingly building businesses that are deliberately anchored in platforms, communities, and business ecosystems. Nonetheless, actionable, evidence-based advice for technology entrepreneurs is scarce. Platforms, communities, and ecosystems are active areas of management research, but until recently, each has been studied in separate research programs, with results published in different venues, and often examined from the perspectives of incumbent managers or policy makers rather than entrepreneurs and new entrants. This article re-examines these phenomena from the perspective of technology entrepreneurs facing strategic choices about interconnected systems of platforms, communities, and business ecosystems, and decisions about the nature and extent of participation. It brings together insights from a wide range of published sources. For entrepreneurs, it provides an accessible introduction to what can be a complex topic, identifies a set of practical considerations to be accounted for in decision-making, and offers a guide for further reading. For researchers and graduate students seeking practical and high-impact research problems, it provides an entry point to the research literature and identifies gaps in the current body of knowledge, especially regarding the system-level interactions between subsystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-15 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/655 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/655 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Problemsourcing: Local Open Innovation for R&D Organizations %A Sally Davenport %A Stephen Cummings %A Urs Daellenbach %A Charles Campbell %K crowdsourcing %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K problemsourcing %K R&D %X Open innovation and crowdsourcing are usually focused on using others external to the organization to solve your problems. How then do R&D organizations, who traditionally solve the problems of others, harness the benefits of open innovation and crowdsourcing yet maintain their mission and capabilities? "Problemsourcing" may provide the answer. In this mode of open innovation, the open call to the "crowd" of businesses is for them to suggest problems that, if solved by the R&D organization, could greatly enhance the business’ competitive advantage and therefore the nation’s economy. In this article, we describe a problemsourcing initiative developed by Industrial Research Ltd (IRL), a government-owned R&D organization in New Zealand. The "What’s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition promised NZ$1m worth of R&D services to the winning business. Using this case study, we map a range of benefits of crowdsourcing for R&D problems, including generating a potential pipeline of projects and clients as well as avoiding the challenge to the professional status of the organization’s research capability. A side-effect not initially taken account of was that, by demonstrating openness, accessibility, and helpfulness, the reputation of the research organization was greatly enhanced. The problemsourcing model provided by the "What’s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition represents a new strategic possibility for R&D organizations that complements their traditional business model by drawing on the openness that open innovation and crowdsourcing seek to leverage. As such, it can provide insights for other research organizations wishing to make use of the connectivity afforded by open innovation and crowdsourcing. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 14-20 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/665 %N 3 %1 Victoria Business School Sally Davenport is Professor of Management at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. Her PhD in Chemistry was obtained at IRL’s predecessor organization and she has maintained close research relationships based on her scientific background. Sally’s research interests include the strategic management of innovation, interaction between innovation stakeholders in the commercialization of research and the discourse of scientific organizations. She has published in a range of journals including Research Policy, Technovation, Journal of Technology Transfer, R&D Management, Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, Science & Public Policy, and Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. %2 Victoria Business School Stephen Cummings is Professor of Strategy at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests include the history of management and creative approaches to strategy development. His publications have appeared in Academy of Management Executive, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Business Horizons, Long Range Planning, Organization, and Organization Studies. His recent books include Recreating Strategy, The Strategy Pathfinder, Creative Strategy: Reconnecting Business and Innovation, and the forthcoming Handbook of Management and Creativity. %3 Victoria Business School Urs Daellenbach is a Reader in Management at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests focus on the resource-based view of the firm with a specific focus on contexts associated with R&D and innovation and where multiple diverse stakeholders may create advantages cooperatively. His publications have appeared in Strategic Management Journal, Long Range Planning, Industrial & Corporate Change, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Technology Transfer, and R&D Management. %4 Victoria Business School Charles Campbell is a researcher at Victoria Business School in Wellington, New Zealand. Charles has a PhD in History from the University Canterbury. He is also a novelist and is currently based in the Otago region of New Zealand. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/665 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Protecting Critical Infrastructure by Identifying Pathways of Exposure to Risk %A Philip O’Neill %K critical infrastructure %K cybersecurity %K directed graph %K modelling %K path analysis %K risk analysis %K simulation %K strongest-path method %X Increasingly, our critical infrastructure is managed and controlled by computers and the information networks that connect them. Cyber-terrorists and other malicious actors understand the economic and social impact that a successful attack on these systems could have. While it is imperative that we defend against such attacks, it is equally imperative that we realize how best to react to them. This article presents the strongest-path method of analyzing all potential pathways of exposure to risk – no matter how indirect or circuitous they may be – in a network model of infrastructure and operations. The method makes direct use of expert knowledge about entities and dependency relationships without the need for any simulation or any other models. By using path analysis in a directed graph model of critical infrastructure, planners can model and assess the effects of a potential attack and develop resilient responses. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 34-40 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/714 %N 8 %1 Deep Logic Solutions Philip O'Neill is Chief Scientist at Deep Logic Solutions Inc. He holds a PhD in Combinatorics and Optimization from the University of Waterloo, Canada. He is a specialist in operational research and risk analysis, and has additional expertise in mathematical modelling, quantitative analysis, algorithms, and decision support. His career has included 17 years of practice in the Operational Research Division of the Department of National Defence (DND); he has served as chairman of the NATO Panel 7 Specialist Team on the Evaluation of Readiness and Sustainment Policy; and he was chosen by the DND to model dependency relationships among infrastructures in Canada as part of risk analysis for the millennium turnover. Since 2001, he has designed and managed the software development of RiskOutLook, an analytical tool for risk analysis that identifies and quantifies risks that result from dependency relationships. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/714 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Q&A. Do Technology Startups Need Product Managers? %A Alan Mcnaughtan %K Mint %K product management %K product manager %K startups %K Wesabe %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 39-41 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/695 %N 6 %1 Bell Canada Alan Mcnaughtan is a Product Manager for Residential Internet Access Services at Bell Canada. He supports a team of Product Managers focused on developing and improving products across Bell’s Internet portfolio. Core portfolios include Bandwidth Management, Internet VAS portfolios (email, security, and usage) and overall Internet strategy for Bell Residential Services. Alan has an MBA from Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia, and a BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. Alan is an active member of the Broadband Multimedia Marketing Association (BMMA) and the Ottawa Product Management Association (OPMA). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/695 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Q&A. How Do You Program Innovative Thinking into Company Culture? %A Tim Ragan %K business strategy %K company culture %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 44-47 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/736 %N 10 %1 C-View Strategies Tim Ragan is the founder/owner of C-View Strategies, a business-design consultancy, and he is the owner of Career Coaching International , where he helps people discover their talents and interests, and accelerate their career objectives. He has over 25 years of experience in numerous functional, management, and executive capacities on three continents with major communications players including Mitel, Nortel, Newbridge Networks, and Alcatel. Tim has a BSc in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, and an MBA from the University of Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches “Business & Society”, a course that examines the ethical and moral implications of modern business and its interaction with government and civil society. He also regularly teaches graduate-level courses on business-process transformation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/736 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Q&A. Is Open Source Sustainable? %A Matt Asay %K Apache %K GPL %K licenses %K open source %K sustainability %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 46-49 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/650 %N 1 %1 10gen Matt Asay is Vice President of Corporate Strategy at 10gen, the MongoDB company. Previously he was SVP of Business Development at Nodeable, which was acquired in October 2012. He was formerly SVP of Business Development at HTML5 start-up Strobe (now part of Facebook) and Chief Operating Officer of Ubuntu commercial operation Canonical. With more than a decade spent in open source, Asay served as Alfresco's general manager for the Americas and Vice President of Business Development, and he helped put Novell on its open source track. Asay is an emeritus board member of the Open Source Initiative (OSI). His column, Open...and Shut, appears three times a week on The Register. You can follow him on Twitter @mjasay. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/650 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Q&A. Should Startups Care about Application Security? %A Sherif Koussa %K application security %K architecture %K checklists %K code reviews %K cybersecurity %K design %K detection %K prevention %K software security %K startups %K training %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 50-52 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/706 %N 7 %1 Software Secured Sherif Koussa is Principal Application Security Consultant and founder of Software Secured, an application security firm. He has spent 14 years in the software development industry, with the last six years focused on testing application security, assessing security, and teaching developers to write secure code. He worked on the OWASP security teaching tool WebGoat 5.0, helped SANS launch their GSSP-JAVA and GSSP-NET programs, and wrote the blueprints of the Dev-544 and Dev-541 courses. In addition, he authored courseware for SANS SEC-540: VOIP Security. Sherif leads both the OWASP Ottawa Chapter and the Static Analysis Code Evaluation Criteria for WASC. He has performed security code reviews for three of the five largest banks in the United States. Before starting Software Secured, Sherif worked on architecting, designing, implementing, and leading large-scale software projects for Fortune 500 companies, including United Technologies, and other leading organizations such as Nortel Networks, March Healthcare, Carrier, Otis Elevators, and NEC Unified Communications. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/706 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Q&A. What Are the Components of Canada's Innovation Ecosystem and How Well Is it Performing? %A David B. Watters %K academia %K commercialization %K innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K performance %K policy %K private sector %K public sector %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 38-41 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/727 %N 9 %1 Global Advantage Consulting Group David B. Watters is President and CEO of the Global Advantage Consulting Group in Ottawa, Canada, which helps public and private sector organizations to develop growth strategies, to develop new collaboration networks and business models, to design new support services for industry, to enter new commercial markets, and to design measurement systems to monitor performance. His firm also designs and builds “ecosystem maps” to visualize client investments in programs and projects in areas of new technology development, innovation/commercialization expansion, energy/climate change, and trade. David holds an Economics degree from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, as well as a Law degree in corporate, commercial, and tax law from Queen’s Law School. As an adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa's School of Management, he taught International Negotiation to MBA students for seven years. His 30-year career in the Government of Canada included responsibilities as an Assistant Deputy Minister in a variety of economic ministries including Industry Canada, the Treasury Board, and Finance Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/727 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Quantitative Metrics and Risk Assessment: The Three Tenets Model of Cybersecurity %A Jeff Hughes %A George Cybenko %K availability %K confidentiality %K integrity %K quantitative cybersecurity %K risk assessment %K vulnerabilities %X Progress in operational cybersecurity has been difficult to demonstrate. In spite of the considerable research and development investments made for more than 30 years, many government, industrial, financial, and consumer information systems continue to be successfully attacked and exploited on a routine basis. One of the main reasons that progress has been so meagre is that most technical cybersecurity solutions that have been proposed to-date have been point solutions that fail to address operational tradeoffs, implementation costs, and consequent adversary adaptations across the full spectrum of vulnerabilities. Furthermore, sound prescriptive security principles previously established, such as the Orange Book, have been difficult to apply given current system complexity and acquisition approaches. To address these issues, the authors have developed threat-based descriptive methodologies to more completely identify system vulnerabilities, to quantify the effectiveness of possible protections against those vulnerabilities, and to evaluate operational consequences and tradeoffs of possible protections. This article begins with a discussion of the tradeoffs among seemingly different system security properties such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. We develop a quantitative framework for understanding these tradeoffs and the issues that arise when those security properties are all in play within an organization. Once security goals and candidate protections are identified, risk/benefit assessments can be performed using a novel multidisciplinary approach, called “QuERIES.” The article ends with a threat-driven quantitative methodology, called “The Three Tenets”, for identifying vulnerabilities and countermeasures in networked cyber-physical systems. The goal of this article is to offer operational guidance, based on the techniques presented here, for informed decision making about cyber-physical system security. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 15-24 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/712 %N 8 %1 Tenet 3 Jeff A. Hughes is President of Tenet 3, LLC. Tenet 3 is a cybertechnology company with a focus on autonomous cyber-physical systems, analyzing their trustworthiness, and evaluating economical ways to demonstrably mitigate security risks. Previously, Jeff held various positions in the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), where he led research into advanced techniques for developing and screening trustworthy microelectronic components and performing complex system vulnerability and risk analysis for cyber-physical systems. Jeff has an MS in Electrical Engineering from the Ohio State University and has completed graduate work towards a PhD at the Air Force Institute of Technology in Ohio, United States. %2 Dartmouth College George Cybenko is the Dorothy and Walter Gramm Professor of Engineering at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, United States. Professor Cybenko has made multiple research contributions in signal processing, neural computing, information security, and computational behavioural analysis. He was the Founding Editor-in-Chief of both IEEE/AIP Computing in Science and Engineering and IEEE Security & Privacy. He has served on the Defense Science Board (2008-2009), on the US Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (2012-2015), and on review and advisory panels for DARPA, IDA, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Professor Cybenko is a Fellow of the IEEE and received his BS (Toronto) and PhD (Princeton) degrees in Mathematics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/712 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Quebec Seeks Solutions: An Economic Development Agency's Role in Local Open Innovation %A Alexandra Berger Masson %K collaboration %K economic development %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K private research and development %K Quebec Seeks Solutions %X This article offers an economic-development perspective on a new method for local companies to find innovative solutions to their most challenging business problems: local open innovation. Quebec International, the economic development agency for the Quebec City area, contributed to the development of the Seeking Solutions approach to local open innovation, which included the hosting of problem-solving conferences with local research centres, economic development actors, and companies. Looking back on our experiences and outcomes since 2010, this article shows how the development and introduction of this new approach to local open innovation has changed the rules of the game in the region. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 27-32 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/667 %N 3 %1 Quebec International Alexandra Berger Masson is Director of Corporate Affairs at Quebec International, which includes responsibility for innovation projects. She has worked for Quebec International since 2008 and lived the second Quebec Seeks Solution experience as the Project Manager. In previous economic development roles with Quebec International she, managed projects in applied technology and technology entrepreneurship. She has a PhD in Philosophy and in Cognitive Sciences and has worked on the creation of an expressive language for artificial agents in the artificial intelligence domain. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/667 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Rapid Prototyping Using a Configurable Platform %A Antonio Misaka %K configurable platform %K rapid prototyping %K requirements analysis %K software product-line engineering %K web applications %X This article describes an approach for speeding up the development of web applications using a configurable platform. The core idea of the approach is that developers can implement customer requirements by configuring platform components, instead of writing large amounts of “glue code” to wire the components together. This approach reduces the amount of glue code that still needs to be written and maintained, it shortens the time it takes developers to create a prototype, and it makes it easier for glue code to be reused in the future. It also allows developers to experiment with different configurations of platform components in order to find the configuration that best meets the customer's requirements. Developers are also able to manage a larger variation in customer requirements. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 18-24 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/684 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Antonio Misaka is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He is a former consultant for IBM and R&D researcher for NEC-Brazil. His research interests include software engineering and technology management. He also holds an MSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/684 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Reinventing the Wheel: Contextualizing Existing Innovations as a Path to Market Success %A Jeff Moretz %A Karthik Sankaranarayanan %A Jennifer Percival %K commercialization %K contextualization of innovation %K Innovation management %K market-focused innovation %K organization %X In the quest to create cutting-edge products, organizations often invest substantial time, attention, and capital in primary research and development (R&D). By themselves, these R&D investments to create avant-garde products may not provide good return-on-investment. In the context of Canadian businesses, there is a significant scarcity of resources available for R&D. What can Canadian firms do to stay innovative when they face a plethora of difficulties, including insufficient funding? This article explores how organizations can leverage external innovation and existing technologies to create products or services that cater to the market needs. We present a three-pillar model along with examples of companies that attained market success in large part by contextualizing existing technologies in order to create innovative products or services. This approach provides companies with a high-level framework to facilitate resource-parsimonious creation of commercializable, innovative products that are competitive in today’s global marketplace. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 16-21 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/732 %N 10 %1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Jeff Moretz is Assistant Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) in Oshawa, Canada. He obtained his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and has an MBA and two undergraduate degrees from Michigan State University, USA. He is a recovering consultant, having worked for McKinsey & Company in Chicago after his MBA studies. Prior to joining the UOIT, he worked at University College Cork in Ireland, researching open source software communities and open innovation. His research interests focus on the impact of information, openness, and information technologies on innovation, business models, and strategies. %2 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Karthik Sankaranarayanan is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada. He earned a PhD degree in Economics and a Master’s degree in Embedded Systems from the University of Lugano, Switzerland, as well as a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the University of Madras in Chennai, India. Prior to joining UOIT, he was a visiting scholar at the New England Complex Systems Institute in Cambridge, USA, where he explored agent-based modelling of complex systems. His research encompasses simulation and modelling of complex systems, and the broader behavioural operations field. Recently, he has become involved in a collaborative study on the application of an open innovation framework in the services sector. %3 University of Ontario Institute of Technology Jennifer Percival is Associate Professor and Associate Dean of Programs in the Faculty of Business and Information Technology at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada. She holds a BMath in Operations Research and a PhD in Management Sciences from the University of Waterloo, Canada. Her research focus is on the strategic use of technology and innovation, including the effective use of technological innovations in order to determine the optimal allocation of IT investments for various organizational cultures to support e-services and e-health initiatives. She is also actively involved in research surrounding the use of process-modelling techniques to support change management, innovation, and technology integration in services. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/732 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T A Research Agenda for Security Engineering %A Rich Goyette %A Yan Robichaud %A François Marinier %K cybersecurity %K information system security engineering %K research %K risk management %K security engineering %K security measurement %K threat modelling %X Despite nearly 30 years of research and application, the practice of information system security engineering has not yet begun to exhibit the traits of a rigorous scientific discipline. As cyberadversaries have become more mature, sophisticated, and disciplined in their tradecraft, the science of security engineering has not kept pace. The evidence of the erosion of our digital security – upon which society is increasingly dependent – appears in the news almost daily. In this article, we outline a research agenda designed to begin addressing this deficit and to move information system security engineering toward a mature engineering discipline. Our experience suggests that there are two key areas in which this movement should begin. First, a threat model that is actionable from the perspectives of risk management and security engineering should be developed. Second, a practical and relevant security-measurement framework should be developed to adequately inform security-engineering and risk-management processes. Advances in these areas will particularly benefit business/government risk assessors as well as security engineers performing security design work, leading to more accurate, meaningful, and quantitative risk analyses and more consistent and coherent security design decisions. Threat modelling and security measurement are challenging activities to get right – especially when they need to be applied in a general context. However, these are decisive starting points because they constitute the foundation of a scientific security-engineering practice. Addressing these challenges will require stronger and more coherent integration between the sub-disciplines of risk assessment and security engineering, including new tools to facilitate that integration. More generally, changes will be required in the way security engineering is both taught and practiced to take into account the holistic approach necessary from a mature, scientific discipline. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 41-50 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/715 %N 8 %1 Communications Security Establishment Canada Richard Goyette is Senior Security Architect at Communications Security Establishment Canada. Richard has a BEng and MEng in Electrical Engineering, both from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Canada. Richard spent 22 years as a Signals officer in the Canadian Forces, where he was involved with a multitude of projects in the areas of intelligence, security, and command and control. He is currently employed in the area of architecture and technology assurance developing security guidance for the wider Government of Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment Canada Yan Robichaud is a Senior Security Architect at Communications Security Establishment Canada. Yan has a BASc degree in Computer Engineering and MSc degree in Electrical Engineering, both from Université Laval, Québec City, Canada. He provides advice and guidance related to security architecture and engineering, threat assessment, and risk management to Government of Canada departments and agencies. He is involved in key government IT initiatives, such as large IT consolidation projects, enterprise security architecture, and the security of space-based systems. Yan is also involved in the development of IT security courses and leads the production of publications about IT-security guidance, such as "ITSG-33 IT Security Risk Management: A Lifecycle Approach". %3 François Marinier is an independent IT security analyst with experience in all facets of IT-security risk management. François started his career working in computer operations and mainframe application support. He eventually migrated to IT security, where he acquired knowledge and experience in the development and application of processes for IT-security risk management. He has also worked as an analyst, supporting large IT-infrastructure initiatives, in both the public and private sectors. For the last three years, François has dedicated his work almost exclusively to the development of ITSG-33, the next generation of guidelines for IT security risk management for the Government of Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/715 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Rethinking Open Innovation Beyond the Innovation Funnel %A Wim Vanhaverbeke %K innovation funnel %K new product development %K Open innovation %K strategy %X In this article, I first argue that open innovation can be applied in situations where companies do not themselves develop new products or services. As a consequence, open innovation becomes relevant for a much larger group of organizations than previously considered. Second, I argue that open-innovation scholars have insufficiently differentiated open-innovation initiatives in terms of their impact on companies’ growth: some open-innovation initiatives lead to incremental innovations in an existing business while, in other cases, open-innovation initiatives are used to establish completely new businesses. Both arguments illustrate the need to integrate open-innovation initiatives into the strategy of the firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-10 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/673 %N 4 %1 University of Hasselt Wim Vanhaverbeke is a Professor at the University of Hasselt in Belgium. He is also Visiting Professor at ESADE Business School in Spain and at the National University of Singapore. He has published in several international journals and is co-editor, with Henry Chesbrough and Joel West, of Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, a book about the research challenges related to open innovation. He is a dedicated open-innovation researcher collaborating with different partners in universities and companies around the globe. He established the European Innovation Forum with Henry Chesbrough in 2012. He is frequently invited to speak at leading international conferences, and he is an adviser for several globally operating companies. He is co-editing a new book about open innovation, which will be published in 2013. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/673 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Risk Management in Crowdsourcing-Based Business Ecosystems %A Suchita Nirosh Kannangara %A Peter Uguccioni %K business ecosystem health %K business ecosystems %K crowdsourcing %K risk management %X The benefits of crowdsourcing are enabled by open environments where multiple external stakeholders contribute to a firm's outcomes. However, crowdsourcing typically has been examined as a general process and not from the specific perspective of a mechanism for driving value creation and capture within a business ecosystem. In this conceptual article, we highlight this research gap by examining crowdsourcing from a business ecosystem perspective and by identifying the inherent business risks in crowdsourcing-based business ecosystems. We apply the concept of ecosystem health to the crowdsourcing context, in terms of how firms create and capture value, and we examine the methods by which these firms can maximize health by mitigating risk in crowdsourcing-based business ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 32-38 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/751 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Nirosh Kannangara is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BEng in Communications Engineering, also from Carleton University. Nirosh has more than two years of experience designing software in the optical transport communication industry and currently works as a Photonics Software Engineer at Ciena Corporation. %2 Carleton University Peter Uguccioni is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the University of Ottawa. Peter has more than 20 years of experience in software development and as a manager of technology innovation at a variety of firms in Ottawa. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/751 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T On the Road to Holistic Decision Making in Adaptive Security %A Mahsa Emami-Taba %A Mehdi Amoui %A Ladan Tahvildari %K adaptive security %K architecture %K automation %K cyberattacks %K cybersecurity %K game theory %K holistic decision making %K self-adaptive software %K self-protecting software %X Security is a critical concern in today's software systems. Besides the interconnectivity and dynamic nature of network systems, the increasing complexity in modern software systems amplifies the complexity of IT security. This fact leaves attackers one step ahead in exploiting vulnerabilities and introducing new cyberattacks. The demand for new methodologies in addressing cybersecurity is emphasized by both private and national corporations. A practical solution to dynamically manage the high complexity of IT security is adaptive security, which facilitates analysis of the system's behaviour and hence the prevention of malicious attacks in complex systems. Systems that feature adaptive security detect and mitigate security threats at runtime with little or no administrator involvement. In these systems, decisions at runtime are balanced according to quality and performance goals. This article describes the necessity of holistic decision making in such systems and paves the road to future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 59-64 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/717 %N 8 %1 University of Waterloo Mahsa Emami-Taba received her BEng degree in Computer Engineering from Shahid Beheshty University, Iran, in 2005. She received her MMath degree in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 2009. After completing her studies, she worked as a software designer and developer. She is currently working toward a PhD degree in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo. Her research interests include self-adaptive software systems, adaptive security, and nature-inspired adaptive software. %2 University of Waterloo Mehdi Amoui is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada. He currently works as a researcher/consultant on a joint research project with the Software Verification and Validation team at Blackberry Inc., Canada. In 2002, he received his PhD from the University of Waterloo on the topic of an evolving software system for self-adaptation, and in 2006, he received an MASc degree in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics from the University of Tehran. His main research interests include self-adaptive software systems, search-based software engineering, software evolution, and software quality. %3 University of Waterloo Ladan Tahvildari is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada, and she is the founder of the Software Technologies Applied Research (STAR) Laboratory. Together with her research team, she investigates methods, models, architectures, and techniques to develop higher-quality software systems in a cost-effective manner. Her research accomplishments have been recognized by various awards, including the prestigious Ontario Early Researcher Award, which recognized her work in self-adaptive software. She is a Senior Member of the IEEE, a member of the ACM, and a Professional Engineer (PEng). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/717 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Securing Canada’s Information-Technology Infrastructure: Context, Principles, and Focus Areas of Cybersecurity Research %A Dan Craigen %A D’Arcy Walsh %A David Whyte %K Canada %K cyberdefence %K cyberinfrastructure %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneurship %K experimental development program %K information-technology infrastructure %K management %K research %X This article addresses the challenges of cybersecurity and ultimately the provision of a stable and resilient information-technology infrastructure for Canada and, more broadly, the world. We describe the context of current cybersecurity challenges by synthesizing key source material whose importance was informed by our own real-world experiences. Furthermore, we present a checklist of guiding principles to a unified response, complete with a set of action-oriented research topics that are linked to known operational limitations. The focus areas are used to drive the formulation of a unified and relevant research and experimental development program, thereby moving us towards a stable and resilient cyberinfrastructure. When cybersecurity is viewed as an inherently interdisciplinary problem of societal concern, we expect that fundamentally new research perspectives will emerge in direct response to domain-specific protection requirements for information-technology infrastructure. Purely technical responses to cybersecurity challenges will be inadequate because human factors are an inherent aspect of the problem. This article will interest managers and entrepreneurs. Senior management teams can assess new technical developments and product releases to fortify their current security solutions, while entrepreneurs can harness new opportunities to commercialize novel technology to solve a high-impact cybersecurity problem.. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 12-18 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/704 %N 7 %1 Communications Security Establishment Canada Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH in Math and his MSc in Math from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Communications Security Establishment Canada D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Communications Security Establishment Canada David Whyte is the Technical Director for the Cyber Defence Branch at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). He is CSEC's technical lead responsible for overseeing the implementation of the next-generation cyberthreat-detection services for the Government of Canada. He has held many positions over the last 16 years within CSEC that span both the Signals Intelligence and Information Technology Security mission lines. David holds a PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The main focus of his research is on the development of network-based behavioural analysis techniques for the detection of rapidly propagating malware. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/704 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Security Challenges in Smart-Grid Metering and Control Systems %A Xinxin Fan %A Guang Gong %K authentication %K cybersecurity %K encryption %K privacy %K smart grid %X The smart grid is a next-generation power system that is increasingly attracting the attention of government, industry, and academia. It is an upgraded electricity network that depends on two-way digital communications between supplier and consumer that in turn give support to intelligent metering and monitoring systems. Considering that energy utilities play an increasingly important role in our daily life, smart-grid technology introduces new security challenges that must be addressed. Deploying a smart grid without adequate security might result in serious consequences such as grid instability, utility fraud, and loss of user information and energy-consumption data. Due to the heterogeneous communication architecture of smart grids, it is quite a challenge to design sophisticated and robust security mechanisms that can be easily deployed to protect communications among different layers of the smart grid-infrastructure. In this article, we focus on the communication-security aspect of a smart-grid metering and control system from the perspective of cryptographic techniques, and we discuss different mechanisms to enhance cybersecurity of the emerging smart grid. We aim to provide a comprehensive vulnerability analysis as well as novel insights on the cybersecurity of a smart grid. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 42-49 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/702 %N 7 %1 University of Waterloo Xinxin Fan is a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada. He holds a PhD degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, as well as a BSc degree in Applied Mathematics and an MEng degree in Information Systems and Telecommunication Engineering from Xidian University, China. His research interests range from fast and secure software and hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms to the design and the analysis of security protocols for wireless and wireline networks. %2 University of Waterloo Guang Gong is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada, and she is the Managing Director of the Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research at University of Waterloo. She holds a BSc degree in Mathematics, an MSc degree in Applied Mathematics, and a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from universities in China. Dr. Gong has also held a fellowship at the Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, in Rome, Italy, and was Associate Professor at the University of Electrical Science and Technology of China. Her research interests are in the areas of sequence design, cryptography, and communication security. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/702 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T The Seeking Solutions Approach: Solving Challenging Business Problems with Local Open Innovation %A Christophe Deutsch %K broadcast of search %K collaboration %K crowdsourcing %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K Seeking Solutions %X How can small and medium-sized enterprises try open innovation and increase their level of collaboration with local partners? This article describes a possible solution: the Seeking Solutions approach. The Seeking Solutions process consists of four steps: a call for problems, problem selection, problem broadcast, and a collaborative event. This approach has been successfully used for the Quebec Seeks Solutions events in 2010 and 2012 with concrete results and real impacts. By mixing open innovation and collaboration, the Seeking Solutions approach has introduced a new concept: local open innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-13 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/664 %N 3 %1 En Mode Solutions Christophe Deutsch is R&D Manager at Telops, an innovative company in the field of high-performance infrared sensors. He is responsible for the successful realization of product development and R&D projects. Previously, he was Vice President Operations at INO, an applied R&D centre in the field of optics, where he implemented project-management and technology-development processes and co-founded the RCR, a circle of R&D managers. Christophe has also worked for ABB Analytical Solutions, where he developed his competencies in system engineering and project management in several aerospace projects. As a member of ISPIM’s advisory board, he promotes innovation management to increase efficiency of R&D. In 2012, he co-founded En Mode Solutions. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/664 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Servitization in a Security Business: Changing the Logic of Value Creation %A Arto Rajala %A Mika Westerlund %A Mervi Murtonen %A Kim Starck %K co-creation %K customer value creation %K objectification %K products %K security %K services %K servitization %K value provision %X How can a firm change its value-creation logic from providing technology to selling technology-based services? This is a question many security companies face today when trying to apply a solutions-based business model in response to recent macro- and microeconomic trends. The fact that customers increasingly demand security as a service, rather than technical equipment, challenges the basis of a security firm's value provision and alters the logic of its operation. In this article, we investigate a technology- and product-oriented security business that is now rapidly transforming into a service business. We use data from a case study to propose a 4C model (conceptualization, calculation, communication, and co-creation of value) that can help security providers to objectify their service offerings and succeed in the servitization of their security businesses. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 65-72 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/718 %N 8 %1 Aalto University Arto Rajala, D.Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Researcher in the School of Business at Aalto University in Finland. He earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. Arto's current research interests include business networks, business marketing, business-to-business service development, and innovation ecosystems. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Mervi Murtonen is a senior scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Her research interests include risk assessment practices, security management systems and contracted security services. Mervi holds an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Currently, she is finalizing her doctoral thesis on supplier-perceived customer value in business-to-business security services. %4 Stanley Security Finland Kim Starck is a Sales and Security Director at Stanley Security Finland. He has strong experience in sales, sales management, as well as security and quality management. Kim has broad understanding of business operations and operations management, and he holds a Professional Master of Security (MBA) degree from Aalto University, Finland. He has been actively involved in process and solution development at Stanley Security. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/718 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Strategic Innovation for Business Performance: The Art and Science of Transformation %A Harold Schroeder %K art and science of transformation %K innovation %K organizational change %K strategy %K transformation %X Despite the well-documented association between innovation and business performance, many organizations struggle in their attempts to become successful innovators. This article discusses a recommended “art and science of transformation” approach to help companies improve their innovation performance through effective organizational change. The approach is focused on four key factors: culture, collaboration, strategy, and systems. Examples are drawn from a review of previous research to demonstrate successful innovation practice using similar approaches, and examples of less successful practice are included to highlight ways in which an "art and science" approach can help overcome the difficulties often faced. The article concludes with some practical, step-by-step guidance based on the art and science of transformation framework. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 6-12 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/722 %N 9 %1 Schroeder & Schroeder Inc. Harold Schroeder is President of Schroeder & Schroeder Inc., a Toronto-based firm of senior program managers and project managers, management consultants, and corporate managers. By focusing on both the art and science of transformation, the firm assists organizations who are planning and implementing major transformation initiatives and who have had, or currently are experiencing, sub-optimal business results through their strategic or operational transformation projects. Having worked many years in politically challenging and complex environments with demanding timelines and deliverables, Mr. Schroeder is recognized by clients for his superior relationship-management, problem-solving, communication, and negotiation skills. He has led various management consulting practices in large consulting firms and has acted as a consultant and project manager on over 150 consulting engagements for clients throughout North America and Europe. Most recently, Mr. Schroeder has been involved in significant projects in the areas of innovation and entrepreneurship, including projects for both private sector clients and government ministries. He has also published and presented on the topic of innovation and entrepreneurship. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/722 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Strategic Partnerships and Open Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry in Belgium %A Jean-Pierre Segers %K Belgium %K biotechnology %K business models %K Open innovation %K R&D %K strategic partnerships %X Strategic partnerships in the biotechnology industry allow new technology-based firms to gain a foothold in this high-cost, high-risk industry. In this article, we examine the impact of strategic partnerships and open innovation on the success of new biotechnology firms in Belgium by developing multiple case studies of firms in regional biotechnology clusters. We find that, despite their small size and relative immaturity, new biotechnology firms are able to adopt innovative business models by providing R&D and services to larger firms and openly cooperating with them through open innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 23-28 %8 04/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/676 %N 4 %1 PXL University College Jean-Pierre Segers is Dean of the Business School at PXL University College in Hasselt, Belgium (http://www.pxl.be), and he is the Chairman and co-founder of Creative Inc. (http://creativeinc.be). He holds a Master's degree in Applied Economics and Public Affairs and is a former researcher in the Small Business Research Institute at the University of Brussels. His main research interests are small businesses and entrepreneurship; innovation and technology management; national and regional systems of innovation; and public-private partnerships. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/676 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Sustainability and Governance in Developing Open Source Projects as Processes of In-Becoming %A Daniel Curto-Millet %K becoming %K emergence %K governance %K open source %K Ostrom %K processes %K requirements %K sustainability %X Sustainability is often thought of as a binary state: an open source project is either sustainable or not. In reality, sustainability is much more complex. What makes this project more sustainable than that one? Why should it be assumed in the first place that sustainability is a prolonged state of an ingraced project? The threads are pulled from their yarns in many directions. This article attempts to reconceptualize some assumed notions of the processes involved in developing open source software. It takes the stance in favour of studying the fluctuant nature of open source and the associated artefacts, not as well-defined objects, but as commons that are continually built upon, evolved, and modified; sometimes in unexpected ways. Further, the governance of these commons is an ongoing process, tightly linked with the way in which these commons are allowed to further develop. This perspective of "in-becoming" is useful in understanding the efforts and processes that need to be provided to sustainably govern the development of open source projects and the advantages for managing requirements derived therein. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 40-45 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/649 %N 1 %1 London School of Economics and Political Science Daniel Curto-Millet is a PhD student at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His research focuses on studying requirements engineering and innovation in open source contexts from new perspectives. He has presented his work at a number of international conferences including the Academy of Management conference and the European Conference of Information Systems Doctoral Consortium. He has a background in Software Engineering from University College London and has worked for the DG DIGIT of the European Commission. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/649 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Sustainability in Open Source Software Commons: Lessons Learned from an Empirical Study of SourceForge Projects %A Charles M. Schweik %K commons %K institutional analysis %K internet-based collaboration %K open source software %K SourceForge %X In this article, we summarize a five-year US National Science Foundation funded study designed to investigate the factors that lead some open source projects to ongoing collaborative success while many others become abandoned. Our primary interest was to conduct a study that was closely representative of the population of open source software projects in the world, rather than focus on the more-often studied, high-profile successful cases. After building a large database of projects (n=174,333) and implementing a major survey of open source developers (n=1403), we were able to conduct statistical analyses to investigate over forty theoretically-based testable hypotheses. Our data firmly support what we call the conventional theory of open source software, showing that projects start small, and, in successful cases, grow slightly larger in terms of team size. We describe the “virtuous circle” supporting conventional wisdom of open source collaboration that comes out of this analysis, and we discuss two other interesting findings related to developer motivations and how team members find each other. Each of these findings is related to the sustainability of these projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 13-19 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/645 %N 1 %1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Charles M. Schweik (Charlie) is an Associate Professor with a joint appointment shared between the Department of Environmental Conservation (http://eco.umass.edu) and the Center for Public Policy and Administration (www.masspolicy.org) at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is Associate Director of the National Center for Digital Government (www.ncdg.org) and the founding member of a new “Workshop on the Study of Knowledge Commons” on campus. His research focuses on environmental management and policy, public-sector information technology, and the intersection of those domains. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/645 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Sustainability of Open Collaborative Communities: Analyzing Recruitment Efficiency %A Kevin Crowston %A Nicolas Jullien %A Felipe Ortega %K DEA modeling %K efficiency %K recruitment %K Wikipedia %X Extensive research has been conducted over the past years to improve our understanding of sustainability conditions for large-scale collaborative projects, especially from an economic and governance perspective. However, the influence of recruitment and retention of participants in these projects has received comparatively less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, these concerns are significant for practitioners, especially regarding the apparently decreasing ability of the main open online projects to attract and retain new contributors. A possible explanation for this decrease is that those projects have simply reached a mature state of development. Marwell and Oliver (1993) and Oliver, Marwell, and Teixeira (1985) note that, at the initial stage in collective projects, participants are few and efforts are costly; in the diffusion phase, the number of participants grows, as their efforts are rewarding; and in the mature phase, some inefficiency may appear as the number of contributors is greater than required for the work. In this article, we examine this possibility. We use original data from 36 Wikipedias in different languages to compare their efficiency in recruiting participants. We chose Wikipedia because the different language projects are at different states of development, but are quite comparable on the other aspects, providing a test of the impact of development on efficiency. Results confirm that most of the largest Wikipedias seem to be characterized by a reduced return to scale. As a result, we can draw interesting conclusions that can be useful for practitioners, facilitators, and managers of collaborative projects in order to identify key factors potentially influencing the adequate development of their communities over the medium-to-long term. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 20-26 %8 01/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/646 %N 1 %1 Syracuse University Kevin Crowston is a Distinguished Professor of Information Science at the Syracuse University School of Information Studies (aka the iSchool). He is currently on a temporary rotation as a Program Director for the Human-Centered Computing Program at the US National Science Foundation in the Information and Intelligent Systems Division of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate. His research examines new ways of organizing made possible by the extensive use of information technology. %2 Telecom Bretagne Nicolas Jullien is an Associate Professor at the LUSSI Department of Telecom Bretagne (Brest, France). His research interests are on the organization and the attractiveness of open, online communities (Linux, Wikipedia). Most of his papers are available at SSRN. %3 University Rey Juan Carlos Felipe Ortega is a Researcher in the Department of Statistics and Operations Research at University Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid, Spain. He is also a part-time Associate Professor at University Alfonso X El Sabio, teaching courses in the Information and Communication Technologies Department. His research is focused on open online communities, with emphasis on data retrieval, replicability, and data analysis. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/646 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Energy Efficiency and Data Security in Modern Data Centres %A Jerry Glowka %K data centre %K design %K energy conservation %K green innovation %K power saving %K security %K storage %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 41-44 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/659 %N 2 %1 IceBerg Networks Jerry Glowka is the Vice President of Solutions Architecture at IceBerg Networks (http://icebergnetworks.com). Jerry has deeply developed skills in networking, security, and storage that allows him to combine best-of-breed technology to produce robust secure solutions for data centres as well as cloud computing. Jerry has been successful in identifying, working with, and bringing together world-leading technologies to address data centre exhaust and unmanageable power demands, and to overcome consumer fears related to the use of virtualized resources. Jerry is IceBerg's representative in the NSERC Strategic Network for Smart Applications on Virtual Infrastructure (SAVI), which is researching the evolution of today's Internet, its protocols, and its structure. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/659 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Enhancing Competitive Position Through Innovation Beyond R&D %A Sorin Cohn %K Canada %K commercialization %K competition %K culture %K entrepreneurship %K globalization %K innovation %K managing innovation %K metrics %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 34-38 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/686 %N 5 %1 BD Cohnsulting Inc. Sorin Cohn has 35 years of international business and technology experience, having been involved in most facets of innovation development: from idea to research and lab prototype, from technology to product, and then to market success on the global stage. He has developed new technologies, created R&D laboratories, started new product lines, and initiated and managed new business units. Sorin has several essential patents in web services, wireless, and digital signal processing, as well as over 70 publications and presentations. He has also been Adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa. He is a Killam Scholar, and he holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering, an MSc in Physics, and an MEng in Engineering Physics. Sorin is President of BD Cohnsulting Inc. As well, he acts as Leader of Innovation Metrics at The Conference Board of Canada and as Chief Program Officer of i-CANADA. He is also Member of the Board of Startup Canada as well as the Board of the Centre for Energy Efficiency. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/686 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Green Business Models to Change the World: How Can Entrepreneurs Ride the Sustainability Wave? %A Mika Westerlund %K business models %K eco-efficiency %K entrepreneurship %K green innovation %K sustainability %K value creation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 53-57 %8 07/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/707 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D.Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/707 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Local Open Innovation and the Seeking Solutions Approach %A Christophe Deutsch %A Philippe Dancause %K local open innovation %K Open innovation %K Quebec Seeks Solution %K Seeking Solutions %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 42-46 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/669 %N 3 %1 En Mode Solutions Christophe Deutsch is R&D Manager at Telops, an innovative company in the field of high-performance infrared sensors. He is responsible for the successful realization of product development and R&D projects. Previously, he was Vice President Operations at INO, an applied R&D centre in the field of optics, where he implemented project-management and technology-development processes and co-founded the RCR, a circle of R&D managers. Christophe has also worked for ABB Analytical Solutions, where he developed his competencies in system engineering and project management in several aerospace projects. As a member of ISPIM’s advisory board, he promotes innovation management to increase efficiency of R&D. In 2012, he co-founded En Mode Solutions. %2 En Mode Solutions Philippe Dancause is a founding associate at both En Mode Solutions and Grisvert, and he is an owner at Groupe Dancause. He currently works with organizations that face challenges in identifying orientations and reaching their goals in a constructive and sustainable manner. For the last 15 years, he has been acting as a project-management expert, a business strategy consultant, an executive adviser, and a facilitator in the design and animation of collaborative processes. He works with private and public companies that are willing to use all their depth, experience, and diversity in order to innovate, reach new goals, and improve the world. His past assignments have been with local and multi-national companies, in Quebec, Europe, and the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/669 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Technology Adoption by Design: Insights for Entrepreneurs %A Stoyan Tanev %K activity theory %K actor-network theory %K co-creation %K customer creativity %K innovation %K invention %K technology adoption %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 39-41 %8 12/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/752 %N 12 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Center for Integrative Innovation Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics (jointly by the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, 1996), a PhD in Theology (University of Sofia, Bulgaria, 2012), an MEng in Technology Innovation Management (Carleton University, Canada, 2005) and a MA (University of Sherbrooke, Canada, 2009). He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is member of the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/752 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T TIM Lecture Series – Using Risk to Drive a Security Service %A Paul Card %K cybersecurity %K platforms %K risk management %K security %K services %K strategy %K uncertainty %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 42-45 %8 06/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/696 %N 6 %1 Seccuris Paul Card is Director of R&D at Seccuris. He has more than 10 years of experience working with domestic and international companies to advance technology, research, and development strategies. Prior to joining Seccuris, Paul was a Research Scientist at TR Labs, where he was responsible for the security research portfolio. He has worked with over 20 different ICT companies in research and development activities. Paul holds a PhD and MSc in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. Paul is an Adjunct Professor of the University of Manitoba, and he is a member of the IEEE and the ACM. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/696 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Time to Innovate: Reflections and Recommendations on Time Management for Innovation Managers %A Robert J. Crawhall %K commercialization %K innovation %K product development %K technology %K time management %X Effective time management is a critical success factor for most projects; however, it is particularly challenging for projects involving substantial innovation. For most projects, time (i.e., the schedule) becomes a management "red flag" that signals when something goes wrong or gets out of control. The challenge for projects involving significant innovation is that one or more critical activities may be of an unknown duration or involve factors outside the normal design process and require "red flagging" from the outset. Managers of innovation projects have to distinguish between those activities or work packets that are a part of “business as usual” and those that involve innovation. They must identify and quantify the schedule risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. For example, one strategy to manage time-related risk is to decouple the innovation value as perceived by the customer (innovation output) from the technology innovation that is needed to deliver the product value in a cost-effective manner (innovation input). This strategy should take into account the likely consequences of longer-than-anticipated innovation time. Two common risks associated with poor time management for innovation are running out of financial runway to reach sustainable revenue and missing a critical market window. In this article, the author reflects on almost 30 years of experience in the Canadian innovation system across several industry sectors and provides some practical recommendations on time management for innovation managers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 13-19 %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/723 %N 9 %1 Innoxec Innovation Executive Services Robert Crawhall is Principal Consultant at Innoxec Innovation Executive Services. He works with senior managers of companies and organizations on the development and implementation of innovation strategy. He is Board member with the ArboraNano Business-Led Network of Centres of Excellence, NanoOntario, and the Canadian Association of Security and Intelligence Studies. He is formerly COO of Precarn Inc. a federal pre-commercialization fund for intelligent systems companies, CEO of NanoQuébec, Executive Director of the Ontario Research Network in Electronic Commerce, CEO of the National Capital Institute of Telecommunications. He held three Director roles at Nortel in Strategic Planning, Advanced Research Networks, and Disruptive Technologies as well as four management roles in technology development with BNR and Northern Telecom Electronics. He started his career with General Electric (Canada) in manufacturing engineering and with Sulzer (Canada) in project management for nuclear energy systems. He holds degrees in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering from McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is a registered professional engineer in the province of Ontario, a member of the IEEE, and a certified project management professional (PMP). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/723 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T University-SME Collaboration and Open Innovation: Intellectual-Property Management Tools and the Roles of Intermediaries %A Isabelle Deschamps %A Maria G. Macedo %A Christian Eve-Levesque %K intellectual property %K intermediaries %K IP management %K Open innovation %K technology transfer %K university-enterprise collaboration %K university-SME collaboration %X In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du Québec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province's context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodies’ contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs. Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 33-41 %8 03/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/668 %N 3 %1 École de technologie supérieure Isabelle Deschamps is Professor and founder of graduate programs in Innovation Management at École de technologie supérieure in Montreal, Canada. A professional engineer, she has been active for 30 years as a consultant, trainer, investor, and researcher in the fields of collaborative technological innovation. She has been advisor and manager in governmental agencies, incubators, transfer centres, and clusters in industries such as aluminum, environment, information technologies, nanotechnologies, and life science. Directly active for more than 15 years in the Quebec innovation ecosystem, she coached and financed startups and university spin-offs as Vice-President of Inno-centre, a technological incubator and as Partner of Capimont Technologies, a private venture capital group. Since 2007, she has been involved in fast-growing high-tech SMEs for the management of innovation and university-enterprise collaborations. She holds an MBA from HEC-Montréal and a DBA in Innovation Management from Harvard University. %2 École de technologie supérieure / SePSI-UQAM Maria Macedo is a Technology Transfer Officer at Service des partenariats et soutien à l'innovation (SePSI-UQAM), in Montreal, Canada, where she manages partnership research projects and university intellectual property. In this position, she creates a link between top university research and the unmet needs of industry, thereby providing the university's members with a real opportunity to gain any commercial benefits arising from their research. Maria has over 10 years of experience in innovation management and strategic planning. In recent years, she has conducted industry studies that identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the industry’s development and innovation. Maria completed her undergraduate studies at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM) in Food Chemistry and she holds an MSc and a PhD in Food Sciences from Laval University in Québec City as well as a MBA from HEC Montréal. She is finalizing an MSc in management of innovation at École de technologie supérieure in Montreal. %3 École de technologie supérieure Christian Eve-Levesque is a young professional who cumulates experience in product development, technology transfer, and production engineering in medical and robotic sectors. He holds a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering and a Masters Degree in Innovation Management from École de technologie supérieure in Montreal, Canada. He is active in university-enterprise collaboration projects as well as in enterprise-enterprise collaboration projects. Christian also teaches business strategy for graduate programs in Innovation Management at École de technologie supérieure. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/668 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Using Boundary Management for More Effective Product Development %A John Thomson %A Vince Thomson %K boundary management %K collaborative product development %K outsourcing %K partnering %K product development %K review-approve process %X Twenty years ago, most companies developed their own products in a single location and brought them to market themselves. Today, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are enlisting partners on a global scale as subsystem designers and producers in order to create and deliver new products into the market more rapidly and more frequently. This is especially true for large, complex products from the aerospace, telecommunications, electronics, and software industries. To assure the delivery of information across organizational boundaries, new coordination mechanisms need to be adopted (boundary management). In this article, best practices are described on how OEMs and partners self-organize and use agile, cooperative techniques to maintain daily communication among numerous internal and partner engineers to better coordinate product design and system integration. This article focuses on examples from the aerospace industry; however; these tactics can be applied in any organization to innovate at faster rates, to make delivery times more predictable, and to realize shorter product development timelines. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 30-35 %8 10/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/734 %N 10 %1 Thoven Consulting John Thomson is a Senior Researcher at Thoven Consulting, and he graduated with a BA in Religious Studies and Psychology from the University of Toronto, Canada. He has contributed to research and writing projects in the areas of Lean, Six Sigma, healthcare, the food supply chain, and manufacturing. He has also developed programs for training how to use social media in a job search and for teaching computer technology to non-technical adults. %2 McGill University Vince Thomson is a post-retirement professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Canada. He has been involved in research related to manufacturing and information technology for the past 35 years at McGill University and the National Research Council Canada. His research interests include manufacturing, real-time control, and process management. In process management, he has focused on new-product development, where he is currently working with many aerospace companies on issues such as change management, collaboration among partners, performance measurement, and the reduction of time to market. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/734 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Accelerating a Network Model of Care: Taking a Social Innovation to Scale %A Vickie Cammack %A Kerry Byrne %K network centric care %K network model of care %K personal networks %K social innovation %K Tyze %X Government-funded systems of health and social care are facing enormous fiscal and human-resource challenges. The space for innovation in care is wide open and new disruptive patterns are emerging. These include self-management and personal budgets, participatory and integrated care, supported decision making and a renewed focus on prevention. Taking these disruptive patterns to scale can be accelerated by a technologically enabled shift to a network model of care to co-create the best outcomes for individuals, family caregivers, and health and social care organizations. The connections, relationships, and activities within an individual’s personal network lay the foundation for care that health and social care systems/policy must simultaneously support and draw on for positive outcomes. Practical tools, adequate information, and tangible resources are required to coordinate and sustain care. Tyze Personal Networks is a social venture that uses technology to engage and inform the individual, their personal networks, and their care providers to co-create the best outcomes. In this article, we demonstrate how Tyze contributes to a shift to a network model of care by strengthening our networks and enhancing partnerships between care providers, individuals, and family and friends. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 26-30 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/578 %N 7 %1 Tyze Personal Networks Vickie Cammack is President and CEO of Tyze Personal Networks. In this role, Vickie focuses her attention and expertise on how best to deliver online, personal support networks to people facing life challenges. Vickie is also a co-founder of Planned Lifetime Advocacy Network (PLAN), a pioneer social enterprise supporting families to secure the future of their family member with a disability. She created PLAN’s Personal Network program, a unique response to the isolation experienced by people with disabilities and mentored the spread of PLAN groups in 40 locations globally. Vickie is the recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal of Canada, the Canadian Psychological Association’s Humanitarian Award, and Simon Fraser University President’s Club Distinguished Community Leadership Award. She co-led a Canadian exploration on sustainability and social innovation and is a Fellow with Social Innovation Generation. %2 Tyze Personal Networks Kerry Byrne, PhD, is the Director of Research at Tyze Personal Networks. She has over 10 years of healthcare research experience and cares deeply about improving care for families. Through her work, she strives to give a voice to families’ and patients’ experiences with health and social care and improve the mobilization of formal and informal support for family caregivers and persons experiencing life challenges. Her areas of research expertise are in family caregiving, care transitions, home care, and relationship-centered care. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/578 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Applying the Theory of the Firm to Examine a Technology Startup at the Investment Stage %A Michael Ayukawa %K deals %K investment %K technology entrepreneurship %K theory of the firm %X The investment stage of a new technology firm is when resources, opportunities, investors, and early customers first converge. Currently, technology entrepreneurs make many expensive mistakes. They invest in assets and develop capabilities that prove to have limited value. They take too long to discover and validate the product-market fit for their firms during the investment stage and run out of time and money. Understanding how theory can help entrepreneurs make decisions during the investment stage is important to accelerate new-firm formation and growth as well as to reduce the uncertainty of founders and stakeholders of technology firms. This article introduces a model developed to examine deal making during the investment stage of a new technology firm. It is an extension of a model of lateral firm scope proposed by Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom. The extensions come from considering a technology firm as being both a deal-making entity and a pool of resources during the investment stage. A deal is the result of a decision the entrepreneur and others make to coordinate (i.e., work together to achieve a common objective). Benefits from a deal include cash profits for the firm and private benefits for the entrepreneur. This extended model is then applied to examine the author’s firm which is still in the investment stage. Application of the extended model to a real-life situation generated two important insights: i) when private benefits include learning from experimentation, the number of deals increases and ii) at the start of the investment stage, private benefits drive deal-making, whereas at the end of the investment stage, cash profits derived from asset ownership drive deal-making. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 23-27 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/556 %N 5 %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is the co-founder of Cornerportal Inc., a company that is committed to bring economic opportunity to more individuals in more communities worldwide. He is also a master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and plays an active in several emerging business ecosystem projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/556 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Being Disruptive: How Open Growth is Delivering Effective Social Change at a Fast Pace %A Elisha Muskat %A Delyse Sylvester %K crowdsourcing %K open growth %K open source %K scaling-up %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %K social networks %K transparency %X Both innovators and funders need tools that map the entire constellation of solutions in a sector. Innovators, often labeled and isolated as system disruptors, need to be linked with their global peers offering and seeking each others proven strategies to accelerate positive change. The impact investing space needs a simple, open, and transparent way to find, convene, support, and track the progress of innovators. This article describes how the Ashoka Changemakers.com online community creates a space for: investors to find and support multiple innovations; social innovators to find each other, work together, and source funds; and disruptive innovations to grow over time where disruptive change is needed, fast. Crowd-sourcing, transparency, and open growth are keys to accelerating large-scale change and creating a world of changemakers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 16-20 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/576 %N 7 %1 Ashoka Canada Elisha Muskat is the Executive Director of Ashoka Canada. Prior to joining Ashoka in 2009, where Elisha became absorbed in the systemic change approach at the core of Ashoka's work, she worked primarily in youth development, running programs in Toronto, New York City, and Syracuse. She has also launched conflict-resolution and peer-mediation programs and developed a green business advisory for small business owners. Elisha has an MBA from Schulich School of Business at York University and a BA in Psychology from McGill University. %2 Ashoka Changemakers Delyse Sylvester is the Director of Community at Ashoka Changemakers. Delyse has been committed to social change for three decades in a variety of fields including fair trade, conflict resolution, deforestation, and domestic abuse, through volunteer organizations, NGOs, advocacy groups, and universities. She has put this broad experience to work at Ashoka Changemakers, building innovative cross-sector collaborations, online awareness campaigns, and tools that advance the impact of social entrepreneurs around the world. Delyse also addresses conflict and injustice as a board member at Inter Pares. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/576 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Building Trust in High-Performing Teams %A Mila Hakanen %A Aki Soudunsaari %K high-performance teams %K high-performing teams %K social capital %K team %K team building %K trust %K wellbeing %X Facilitation of growth is more about good, trustworthy contacts than capital. Trust is a driving force for business creation, and to create a global business you need to build a team that is capable of meeting the challenge. Trust is a key factor in team building and a needed enabler for cooperation. In general, trust building is a slow process, but it can be accelerated with open interaction and good communication skills. The fast-growing and ever-changing nature of global business sets demands for cooperation and team building, especially for startup companies. Trust building needs personal knowledge and regular face-to-face interaction, but it also requires empathy, respect, and genuine listening. Trust increases communication, and rich and open communication is essential for the building of high-performing teams. Other building materials are a shared vision, clear roles and responsibilities, willingness for cooperation, and supporting and encouraging leadership. This study focuses on trust in high-performing teams. It asks whether it is possible to manage trust and which tools and operation models should be used to speed up the building of trust. In this article, preliminary results from the authors’ research are presented to highlight the importance of sharing critical information and having a high level of communication through constant interaction. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 38-41 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/567 %N 6 %1 Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Mila Hakanen (MSc Econ) is a researcher and PhD candidate at the Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Finland. She is an action researcher in a project called “Globally scalable business models in health, exercise and wellbeing markets” (http://fightingla.com/). Her research is focused on the areas of social capital, trust and trust building, trust management, communication, and global networking. %2 Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Aki Soudunsaari (MSc Sport and Health, BSc Adult Education) is a PhD student in Growth Venture Creation at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Aki’s research is focused on creating winning teams, and he is a researcher in a project called “Globally scalable business models in health, exercise and wellbeing markets” (http://fightingla.com/). He is also a serial entrepreneur in the fields of health exercise, corporate wellbeing, and green technology. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/567 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A Business Application of the System Dynamics Approach: Word-of-Mouth and Its Effect in an Online Environment %A Roman Wong %A Shirley Ye Sheng %K adoption %K modeling %K recursive relationship %K system dynamics %K word-of-mouth %X In this article, we illustrate the use of system dynamics modeling approach to study a complex system: word-of-mouth. Word-of-mouth plays an important role in reducing risk and uncertainty in purchase and consumption. Most of the prior research on word-of-mouth focused on studying either the factors that trigger consumers’ participation (sending or receiving) in word-of-mouth activities or the impact word-of-mouth information has on consumers’ buying decisions. The relationship between the two decision processes, however, is recursive and dynamic. Most prior studies have not focused on a recursive relationship. Our objective is to present a system dynamics model for the study of the relationship between the buying decision and the decision to participate in word-of-mouth communication. We also discuss how system dynamics modeling can be used in other complex problems in business such as the creation of a global business. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 42-48 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/568 %N 6 %1 Andreas School of Business of Barry University Roman Wong is a professor in the areas of information systems and operations management at the Andreas School of Business of Barry University. He received his PhD in information systems from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, and he received an MBA from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Before joining Barry University, he held a faculty position at the California State University at Northridge. His current research interests include the interrelations between the online review and product adoption processes and the development of innovativeness in emerging countries. %2 Andreas School of Business of Barry University Shirley Ye Sheng is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Andreas School of Business of Barry University. She received her PhD in Business Administration with a Marketing concentration from Florida Atlantic University in the United States, and she received a Master of Science degree in Finance from Leicester University in the United Kingdom. Her research focuses on international marketing, consumer behavior, and marketing history. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/568 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Business Model Discovery by Technology Entrepreneurs %A Steven Muegge %K business models %K commercialization %K innovation %K technology entrepreneurship %K value capture %K value creation %X Value creation and value capture are central to technology entrepreneurship. The ways in which a particular firm creates and captures value are the foundation of that firm's business model, which is an explanation of how the business delivers value to a set of customers at attractive profits. Despite the deep conceptual link between business models and technology entrepreneurship, little is known about the processes by which technology entrepreneurs produce successful business models. This article makes three contributions to partially address this knowledge gap. First, it argues that business model discovery by technology entrepreneurs can be, and often should be, disciplined by both intention and structure. Second, it provides a tool for disciplined business model discovery that includes an actionable process and a worksheet for describing a business model in a form that is both concise and explicit. Third, it shares preliminary results and lessons learned from six technology entrepreneurs applying a disciplined process to strengthen or reinvent the business models of their own nascent technology businesses. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 5-16 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/545 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. The ideas presented in this article were an outcome of work with talented graduate students in the TIM program, mentoring first-time entrepreneurs in the Lead to Win, Ottawa Young Entrepreneurs (OYE), and Carleton Entrepreneurs programs, and his own research program on commercializing innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/545 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Categorizing the Growth Strategies of Small Firms %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %K growth orientation %K growth strategies %K R&D investment %K technology entrepreneurship %X This study investigates the link between a small firm’s investment in R&D and its growth strategy. A firm’s growth strategy refers to the means by which the organization plans to achieve its objective to grow in volume and turnover. We categorize firm growth strategies into eight distinctive clusters: opportunity explorers, radical innovators, business developers, business expanders, profit makers, business rebuilders, stagnators, and downsizers. We argue that understanding a firm’s growth orientation provides a way to assess the returns of its R&D investments, because an organization’s intangible growth strategies and tangible inputs are connected. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-9 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/553 %N 5 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects in ICT and media industries. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business. He previously held positions as Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and Postdoctoral Researcher in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research are reported in numerous scholarly journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/553 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Chinese Entrepreneurs Go Global %A Daniel Zhou %K China %K entrepreneurship %K familism %K go global %K guanxi %K Kirzner %K Schumpeter %X China may be on the tipping point of explosive global growth. In response to changes in the global economy and an economic slowdown domestically, hundreds of thousands of Chinese SMEs are being encouraged to “go global” by their central and local governments. To a Chinese company, going global requires the expansion of its existing business in other countries or the development of new ventures with partners operating in other countries. Explosive growth in China may be possible, but it will depend on an appropriate strategy for going global. For a country that has firmly established itself as an international manufacturing hub, going global requires a shift in its entrepreneurial capacity, which is the focus of this article. We first assess the current situation in China to understand its current entrepreneurial focus and capacity, as well as the impetus for change. Next, we contrast the Kirznerian and Schumpeterian views of entrepreneurship to illustrate that – to go global – Chinese entrepreneurs must shift from an emphasis on exploiting pricing inefficiencies (i.e., Kirznerian entrepreneurship) to an emphasis on innovation (i.e., Schumpeterian entrepreneurship). Finally, we examine unique characteristics of the business environment and culture in China, which are likely to impact the ability of Chinese entrepreneurs to go global. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 28-31 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/524 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Daniel (Dongyang) Zhou is a software designer at Ciena Networks; prior to this, he has worked at a variety of technology-based companies, including Alcatel-Lucent and Nortel. He is also a Master’s student in Carleton University’s Technology Innovation Management program. His interests include open source business, strategic planning for technology-based SMEs, and international business between China and North America. Daniel was born in China and came to Canada in 2001, which gives him perspectives on both Canadian and Chinese cultures. He graduated with High Distinction in Electrical Engineering from Carleton University in 2007. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/524 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Collective Value Creation and Empowerment in an Online Brand Community: A Netnographic Study on LEGO Builders %A Hanna Kurikko %A Pekka Tuominen %K netnography %K online community %K service brand %K social media %K value co-creation %X Online communities are becoming “places” of belonging, information, and emotional support that people cannot do without. These social groups have a real existence for their participants, and thus have consequential effects on many aspects of behaviour. This article examines collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. It presents the main features of an online brand community, the process of value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities. These key factors jointly characterize collective value creation and empowerment. This netnographic study focuses on an online brand community called BrickBuilders, which is a meeting place for LEGO builders in Finland. BrickBuilders’ members feel a sense of belonging, they share similar motivations, and they create value together. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 12-17 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/563 %N 6 %1 University of Tampere Hanna Kurikko holds an MSc (Econ.) in Marketing from the School of Management at the University of Tampere, Finland. Online brand communities, branding, and services are her main research interests. %2 University of Tampere Pekka Tuominen is Professor of Marketing at the University of Tampere, Finland. He is also a Docent at the University of Turku, Finland. His main research interests include strategic brand management, relationship marketing, and service marketing. He has attended several international conferences and his work has been published in many international journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/563 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Creating Tomorrow’s Global Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of the Stu Clark Centre for Entrepreneurship %A Malcolm C. Smith %A Mavis McRae %K entrepreneurship education and training; business plan development; student exchange %X This article presents a case study of the University of Manitoba’s Stu Clark Centre for Entrepreneurship. The Centre provides experiential entrepreneurial training for youth as well as undergraduate and MBA students. The article describes the various programs the Centre is involved with both locally and internationally. These include preparing students for investment competitions, entrepreneurship day camps for at-risk youth, undergraduate entrepreneurship student exchange, and national and international training of entrepreneurship teachers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 16-22 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/595 %N 8 %1 I.H. Asper School of Business Malcolm Smith is the Head of the Department of Marketing at the University of Manitoba’s I.H. Asper School of Business. From 1999-2004, Dr. Smith was Associate Dean (Research and Graduate Programs) in the Asper School. He has been a visiting professor at universities in the Ukraine, Taipei, Bangkok, and Oregon, USA. Dr. Smith was also the Director of the Asper School’s International Student Exchange Program from 2004-2007. Dr. Smith received his BScH and MBA from Queen's University and his PhD from the University of Oregon. His research has been presented at numerous national and international conferences and published in various journals. %2 Stu Clark Centre for Entrepreneurship Mavis McRae is the Entrepreneur-in-Residence and Acting Director of the Stu Clark Centre for Entrepreneurship. She has been an independent consultant since 2005, specializing in the areas of product development and food safety, project management, and new business development. Mavis holds a BSc in Food Science and an MBA in Marketing and Small Business from the University of Manitoba. She further developed her technical and business skills at the Food Development Centre, Prairie Centre for Business Intelligence, and the National Research Council’s IRAP program. She has lectured at the University of Manitoba and Nanjing University of Finance and Economics. Mavis has been involved in three start-up businesses in the last 12 years including the Two Rivers Brewing Company and Lucky Dog Biscuits, a natural, human-quality pet treat company. Presently, she is developing the North American market for a bioplastic technology company called Solanyl Biopolymers Inc. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/595 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Creativity: Linking Theory and Practice for Entrepreneurs %A Tom Duxbury %K commercialization %K creativity %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %X In this article, creativity research is brought into focus for those involved in the practice of entrepreneurship. The author provides a background on creativity research, how it is defined, and systems models that attempt to explain it. The author distinguishes between creative and innovative activities, and provides advice to entrepreneurs to help realize the creative potential of their organizations. The author reinforces the view that entrepreneurs create new value by investing in ideas, and specific recommendations are made for creating supportive structures, building teams of creative individuals, and successfully championing ideas to acquire the resources they need to produce innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 10-15 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/594 %N 8 %1 Sprott School of Business Tom Duxbury is Entrepreneur in Residence at Wesley Clover Technologies, a private equity incubator. He is an advisor to many startups, having co-founded several technology ventures and been awarded a variety of patents. Tom received his engineering degree from the University of Waterloo and an MBA from Queen's University. He is currently completing his PhD in Management at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, where he teaches courses in entrepreneurship and innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/594 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A Customer Value Creation Framework for Businesses That Generate Revenue with Open Source Software %A Aparna Shanker %K customer value %K customer value creation %K open source business %K technology entrepreneurship %K value proposition %X Technology entrepreneurs must create value for customers in order to generate revenue. This article examines the dimensions of customer value creation and provides a framework to help entrepreneurs, managers, and leaders of open source projects create value, with an emphasis on businesses that generate revenue from open source assets. The proposed framework focuses on a firm's pre-emptive value offering (also known as a customer value proposition). This is a firm's offering of the value it seeks to create for a customer, in order to meet his or her requirements. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 18-22 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/534 %N 3 %1 Carleton University Aparna Shanker is a customer applications engineer with Alcatel-Lucent in Ottawa, where her job focus is on IP networks and the 4G LTE Evolved Packet Core. She is also currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Her research interests include open source businesses and customer value management. She holds an undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering from Queen's University, Kingston. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/534 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Designing Viable Business Models for Living Labs %A Bernhard Katzy %K business excellence model %K business models %K co-creation %K living labs %X Over 300 regions have integrated the concept of living labs into their economic development strategy since 2006, when the former Finnish Prime Minister Esko Aho launched the living lab innovation policy initiative during his term of European presidency. Despite motivating initial results, however, success cases of turning research into usable new products and services remain few and uncertainty remains on what living labs actually do and contribute. This practitioner-oriented article presents a business excellence model that shows processes of idea creation and team mobilization, new product development, user involvement, and entrepreneurship through which living labs deliver high-potential investment opportunities. Customers of living labs are identified as investors such as venture capitalists or industrial firms because living labs can generate revenue from them to create their own sustainable business model. The article concludes that living labs provide extensive support “lab” infrastructure and that it remains a formidable challenge to finance it, which calls for a more intensive debate. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 19-24 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/604 %N 9 %1 University BW Munich Bernhard R. Katzy is Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at the University BW Munich in Germany and Leiden University in The Netherlands. He is founder and director of the Center for Technology and Innovation Management (CeTIM). Bernhard was invited to be the keynote speaker at the launch event of the European Living Lab movement in December 2006, is leading the knowledge-worker living lab (one of the first wave of living labs), and is founding member of ENoLL, the association of living labs. He started his professional career with an apprenticeship as car mechanic and later earned Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering and business management. He holds a PhD in industrial management from University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen in Germany and a second Ph.D. (Habilitation) in general management and technology management from University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interest is about entrepreneurial management of fast-growing high-tech firms and the management of strategic change in the transition to the information age. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/604 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Developmental Impact Analysis of an ICT-Enabled Scalable Healthcare Model in BRICS Economies %A Punit Saurabh %A Bhaskar Bhowmick %A Amrita %A Dhrubes Biswas %K business model innovation %K developmental Impact analysis %K DIA %K health technology %K social entrepreneurship %X This article highlights the need for initiating a healthcare business model in a grassroots, emerging-nation context. This article’s backdrop is a history of chronic anomalies afflicting the healthcare sector in India and similarly placed BRICS nations. In these countries, a significant percentage of populations remain deprived of basic healthcare facilities and emergency services. Community (primary care) services are being offered by public and private stakeholders as a panacea to the problem. Yet, there is an urgent need for specialized (tertiary care) services at all levels. As a response to this challenge, an all-inclusive health-exchange system (HES) model, which utilizes information communication technology (ICT) to provide solutions in rural India, has been developed. The uniqueness of the model lies in its innovative hub-and-spoke architecture and its emphasis on affordability, accessibility, and availability to the masses. This article describes a developmental impact analysis (DIA) that was used to assess the impact of this model. The article contributes to the knowledge base of readers by making them aware of the healthcare challenges emerging nations are facing and ways to mitigate those challenges using entrepreneurial solutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 25-31 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/565 %N 6 %1 Vinod Gupta School of Management Punit Saurabh is a senior researcher from the Vinod Gupta School of Management at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. His research specialization includes entrepreneurship and innovation technology management. He is also a research partner at Global Venture Lab (GVL). He has played an instrumental role in the successful establishment and functioning of the DSIR-run TePP Outreach Center at IIT-Kharagpur, providing innovation funding support to individual innovators. At the Center, he has overseen the development and commercialization of more than 30 path-breaking innovations and the functioning of several other innovation and entrepreneurship support programs. As a mentor to startup companies, he provides expert advice and active support to several university-based startups. %2 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Bhaskar Bhowmick is a faculty member at the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He is mentoring the dual-degree students in building their career as entrepreneurs. He is also guiding research scholars engaged in studies of business intelligence, business architecture, product development, and social media. His domain of focus is designing an ICT-driven innovation platform in an emerging-country context. He has written papers, cases, book chapters with peers in academia, and presented papers in international conferences. He is presently focusing on building a model of Education-Entrepreneurship-Enterprise-Environment relating to issues specific to emerging countries. %3 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Amrita is a Research Scholar in the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. She also oversees the incubation and entrepreneurship support program functioning under SRIC as a Senior Project Officer. She is actively engaged in the study of business intelligence in healthcare for future generations. Her other important areas of research are social media in healthcare. The setting of her research is focused on emerging nations such as India. She has played an active part in the health project implementation by the Society of Social Entrepreneurs (SSE), acting as an enabler of transformation for societal juncture for solving local problems by local solutions. %4 Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Dhrubes Biswas is a Professor of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering, Head of the Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Professor-in-Charge of Incubation and Entrepreneurship, and Managing Director of Science and Technology at the Entrepreneurs’ Park at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He directs international university collaborations, technology parks, cross-functional business incubation, the Technology Business Incubator for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Govt. of India). He also coordinates the Technopreneur Promotion Program for Innovation grants (Govt. of India) and the Technology Entrepreneurship Development Program for grassroots entrepreneurs (Govt. of India). He has championed advanced research in “beyond Moore’s” electronic and optical devices in Metamorphic HEMT/ HBT, & SiGe devices at his nationally acclaimed “India Innovation Semiconductor Fab” at IIT in compound semiconductors. He is an internationally recognized expert in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) and in technology ventures in wireless electronics, cellular phone systems, and communication-related RFICs. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/565 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Ecosystem Under Construction: An Action Research Study on Entrepreneurship in a Business Ecosystem %A Marikka Heikkilä %A Leni Kuivaniemi %K business ecosystems %K business model %K business networks %K health exercise %K wellbeing %X In recent years, we have seen increasing interest in new service concepts that take advantage of the capabilities of business ecosystems instead of single companies. In this article, we describe how a business ecosystem begins to develop around a service business idea proposed by an entrepreneur. We aim to recognize the different domains of players that are or should be involved in the ecosystem while it is under construction. The article concludes with an ecosystem model consisting of six sub-ecosystems having different change drivers and clockspeeds. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 18-24 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/564 %N 6 %1 University of Jyväskylä Marikka Heikkilä, PhD. Econ., is project manager at the University of Jyväskylä. She serves as a coordinator of several national and international projects. Her areas of interests are business networks, business models, and coordination of complex operations. Outside the university, she is an active entrepreneur. Previously, Marikka has worked as lecturer, assistant professor, and researcher at the Helsinki School of Economics and at the Faculty of IT at the University of Jyväskylä. %2 Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics Leni Kuivaniemi, PhD. Econ., is currently working as a project manager in the Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics (JSBE). She is also partner and manager in two growth ventures. Leni has strong experience in sales, entrepreneurship, and growth venturing, both in teaching and practice. Previously she has worked as an assistant professor and a program co-director at JSBE. Leni also holds a master's degree in law from the University of Helsinki. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/564 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Born Global (October 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K born global %K entrepreneurs %K entrepreneurship %K export %K globalization %K internationalization %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent FIrst Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/613 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/613 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century (August 2012) %A Chris McPhee %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/592 %N 8 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/592 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Global Business Creation (June 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Marko Seppä %A Stoyan Tanev %K global business creation %K globalization %K international business %K startups %K venture creation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-5 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/561 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Global Enabler Marko Seppä is “serial co-creator” and knowledge investor specialized in growth venture creation. He was apprenticed as venture capitalist by Panostaja Group, in Finland in the late 1980s. Since 1991, he has led the co-creation of three enabler organizations: FVC, a pioneering venture capital firm for the emerging markets of Russia and the Baltic countries; eBRC, an ambitious e-business research center for a local pilot of eEurope; and GVL Finland, a global venture lab experiment for University Alliance Finland. He holds an MSc in Management from the University of Tampere and a PhD in Corporate Strategy from the University of Jyväskylä. He is currently engaged in the co-creation of Global Enabler: A community, platform and factory of enablers of global business creation for problems worth solving. %3 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Institute of Technology and Innovation and member of the Integrative Innovation Management (I2M) Research Unit at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has an MSc and PhD in Physics (jointly by the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France), an MEng in Technology Management (Carleton University, Canada), and an MA (University of Sherbrooke, Canada). His main research interests are in the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation in technology driven businesses. Dr. Tanev is also on the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/561 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Insights (November 2012) %A Chris McPhee %K competitive advantage %K global entrepreneurship %K green innovation %K innovation %K process adaptability %K process alignment %K process ambidexterity %K simulation %K startups %K supply chains %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-3 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/623 %N 11 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/623 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Living Labs %A Chris McPhee %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K co-creation %K innovation %K living labs %K Open innovation %K user innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-5 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/601 %N 9 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/601 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Open Source Business (January 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Leslie Hawthorn %K open source business %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/515 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 AppFog Leslie Hawthorn is an internationally known community manager, speaker, and author with over 10 years' experience in high-tech project management, marketing, and public relations. In January 2012, she joined AppFog as their Community Manager, where she is responsible for developer engagement. Prior to AppFog, she served as Outreach Manager at Oregon State University's Open Source Lab and as a Program Manager for Google's Open Source Team, where she managed the Google Summer of Code Program, created the contest now known as Google Code In, and launched the company’s Open Source Developer Blog. She is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. She blogs at http://hawthornlandings.org %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/515 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Recent Research (December 2012) %A Chris McPhee %K consumer IT %K electric vehicles %K intellectual property %K marketing strategy %K neuromarketing %K open source software %K open source software foundations %K research %K Sprott School of Business %K Technology Innovation Management program %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-5 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/632 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/632 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Social Innovation (July 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Stephen Huddart %K charities %K community sector %K nonprofit %K social entrepreneurship %K social innovation %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/573 %N 7 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation Stephen Huddart is the President and CEO of The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation in Montreal, where he has worked for the past nine years. The Foundation's mission is to engage Canadians in building a society that is inclusive, sustainable and resilient. Stephen's past endeavours include documentary filmmaking in Latin America, owning and operating a jazz cafe in Vancouver, and working as a humane educator with the British Columbia SPCA. He serves on the boards of ArtsSmarts, Philanthropic Foundations Canada, and the McGill Faculty of Religious Studies. He has a Masters Degree in Management from McGill University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/573 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (April 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/544 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/544 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (February 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K entrepreneur %K entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/519 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/519 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (March 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/531 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/531 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (May 2012) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %K entrepreneur %K global entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 3-4 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/552 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/552 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Enabling Process Alignment for IT Entrepreneurship %A Paul E. Renaud %A Sonia D. Bot %K exploitation %K exploration %K IT function %K process alignment %K process ambidexterity %X All firms use information technology (IT). Larger firms have IT organizations whose business function is to supply and manage IT infrastructure and applications to support the firm's business objectives. Regardless of whether the IT function has been outsourced or is resident within a firm, the objectives of the IT organization must be aligned to the strategic needs of the business. It is often a challenge to balance the demand for IT against the available supply within the firm. Most IT organizations have little capacity to carry out activities that go beyond the incremental ones that are needed to run the immediate needs of the business. A process-ambidexterity framework for IT improves the IT organization's entrepreneurial ability, which in turn, better aligns the IT function with the business functions in the firm. Process ambidexterity utilizes both process alignment and process adaptability. This article presents a framework for process alignment in IT. This is useful for understanding how the processes in Business Demand Management, a core component of the process-ambidexterity framework for IT, relate to those in IT Governance and IT Supply Chain Management. The framework is presented through three lenses (governance, business, and technology) along with real-world examples from major firms in the USA. Enabling process alignment in the IT function, and process ambidexterity overall, benefits those who govern IT, the executives who lead IT, as well as their peers in the business functions that depend on IT. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 13-20 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/626 %N 11 %1 The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. %2 Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Innovation Management Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently provides consulting services by partnering with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/626 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T An Enterprise Perspective on Customer Value Propositions for Open Source Software %A Aparna Shanker %K business models %K customer value creation %K enterprise customers %K marketing strategy %K open source software %K open source suppliers %X Research on open source software (OSS) has examined value creation primarily from the perspective of the individuals and suppliers that create the software. The perspective of enterprise users who use and pay for OSS has been largely neglected so far. Understanding what paying customers want and how to create products and services they value is the cornerstone of any business model. Therefore, research on what enterprise users value in OSS is of paramount importance to OSS solution suppliers; it can be used to create a new customer base and sustain an existing one. This study examines the value of OSS as perceived by enterprise customers. Through an analysis of three literature streams (firm participation in open source software, business models, and customer value), a model on customer value creation was developed. Interviews were conducted with nine decision makers from enterprises that use OSS in operational projects. The key findings of this research are that: i) the maturity of the software determines the degree to which customers value their relationship with the supplier; ii) customers value differentiating functionality and costs savings; and iii) switching costs with OSS depend on the size, complexity, and dependencies of the software itself. This research identifies the points of value that the suppliers of OSS should focus on, and it points to the need for marketing strategies that can demonstrate this value to enterprise customers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 28-36 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/635 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Aparna Shanker is a customer applications engineer with Alcatel-Lucent in Ottawa, where her job focus is on IP networks and the 4G LTE Evolved Packet Core. She is also currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Her research interests include open source businesses and customer value management. She holds an undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering from Queen's University, Kingston. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/635 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Entrepreneurial Effort in the Theory of the Firm %A David Hudson %K emancipation %K employee %K entrepreneurship %K technology %K theory of the firm %X This article develops a link between the theory of the firm and entrepreneurship theory to enable the study of employee entrepreneurial behaviour. First, we describe how incomplete contracts permit employee entrepreneurial effort in the theory of the firm. Next, we argue that emancipation offers an explanation for entrepreneurial effort that is not motivated by financial gain. Finally, we show how new technology creates conditions where the boundary of the firm may change and where entrepreneurial effort by employees may occur. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 13-16 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/521 %N 2 %1 Carleton University David Hudson is pursuing doctoral studies and is a lecturer in the MBA program at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa Canada. His research focus considers entrepreneurial effort by employees and changes arising from consumer technology use in industry. Previously, David was the Vice President for Advanced Research and Technology at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. He received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/521 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Evergreen Brick Works: An Innovation and Sustainability Case Study %A Seana Irvine %K environmental education %K evergreen %K green building %K LEED %K nonprofit %K social innovation %X Technology is rapidly being deployed to advance social innovation that creates lasting change. This case study of Evergreen Brick Works explores how Evergreen is leveraging the power of its unique new campus as a showcase for advancing sustainability-related behavioural change along with new and emerging state-of-the-art technologies to advance its mission. The ultimate success of these technologies will be in their ability to engage larger numbers and greater diversity among participants, and in their ability to translate new insights into on-the-ground change in their communities. The article also identifies that the need for an organizational network mindset is as important as the technologies to achieve these changes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 21-25 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/577 %N 7 %1 Evergreen Seana Irvine is Evergreen’s Chief Operating Officer, overseeing the management and coordination of Evergreen’s 100+ staff, driving key strategic directions, and leading and facilitating operational plans and processes. Seana was an original team member in the development and start-up of Evergreen Brick Works, helping drive program strategies in tandem with the design process. She has a Master’s degree in Environmental Studies (Planning) and serves on the boards of several not-for-profit organizations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/577 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T From Business Administration to Business Creation: The Case of the Kalevala Global Business Creation School %A Marko Seppä %K business creation %K business school %K co-creation %K entrepreneurship %K knowledge investing %K Open innovation %K university %X Are there any businesses left to administer? The question is of course rhetorical and aimed at underscoring how several societies are more severely in need of creators of new businesses than managers of established ones. And yet, nearly all universities only produce masters of business administration, at best. Apart from theoretical research about business creation, and the education of masters of such research, universities are generally not equipped to produce knowledge for business creation or to produce masters of business creation. This conceptual article calls for a new, complementary approach to research and education, around the theme of global business creation. Due to the limitations and restrictions related to the traditions and practices of the science of business administration, where the means justify the ends, a new exploratory field coined as the “Art of Business Creation,” where the end justifies the means, is being explored for some inspiration. For a concrete solution, the concept of a globally distributed, enterprise-centric, entrepreneurial-faculty-driven, open-innovation-based, and social-media-empowered university entity is depicted in this article. It is a new-generation private-public-partnership and “Living Lab 2.0” referred to as Kalevala Global Business Creation School. The conceptualization draws from observations and action research during the Global Venture Lab Finland experiment at the University of Jyväskylä from 2007 to 2011. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 6-11 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/562 %N 6 %1 Global Enabler Marko Seppä is “serial co-creator” and knowledge investor specialized in growth venture creation. He was apprenticed as venture capitalist by Panostaja Group, in Finland in the late 1980s. Since 1991, he has led the co-creation of three enabler organizations: FVC, a pioneering venture capital firm for the emerging markets of Russia and the Baltic countries; eBRC, an ambitious e-business research center for a local pilot of eEurope; and GVL Finland, a global venture lab experiment for University Alliance Finland. He holds an MSc in Management from the University of Tampere and a PhD in Corporate Strategy from the University of Jyväskylä. He is currently engaged in the co-creation of Global Enabler: A community, platform and factory of enablers of global business creation for problems worth solving. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/562 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T From Stories to Evidence: How Mining Data Can Promote Innovation in the Nonprofit Sector %A Michael Lenczner %A Susan Phillips %K Ajah %K charities %K community sector %K data mining %K funding database %K nonprofit %K social innovation %X Being a director at a nonprofit organization often means making guesses instead of properly informed decisions. One source of the “information fog” is fragmented funding. Nonprofit organizations have multiple types of funders, most of whom are not their direct beneficiaries. Predicting funder behaviour is therefore more of an art than a science. Planning for the future, setting goals, and making decisions all suffer in the nonprofit sector because of a lack of timely and accurate information. This article examines the opportunities to use newly available digitized information to address this information deficit. It shows how the rich, variegated and fast-changing landscape of information available online can be collected, combined, and repurposed in order to deliver it in actionable forms to decision makers across the nonprofit sector. This information can significantly improve planning decisions and enhance the effectiveness of the sector. The article concludes that a cultural shift is required in order for the nonprofit sector to exploit the opportunities presented by digital information. Nonprofits and funders are enjoined to increase their numeracy and to find creative ways to use data as part of their evaluation, planning and decision making. Researchers need to be adventurous in their use of quantitative information and specifically should employ linked datasets in order to explore previously unanswerable research and policy questions. The producers of data need to collect and publish their information in ways that facilitate reuse. Finally, funders need to support a variety of projects that seek to exploit these new opportunities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 10-15 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/575 %N 7 %1 Ajah Michael Lenczner is a Montreal-based entrepreneur who works in both the for-profit and nonprofit sectors. He has worked on community technologies since 2000, community data since 2003, and on open government data since 2005. He co-founded Ile Sans Fil, CivicAccess.ca, Montréal Ouvert, serves on the board of several nonprofits, and is a frequent partner in academic-community collaborations. He is the CEO and founder of Ajah, a company that builds online tools for the Canadian nonprofit sector. %2 Carleton University Susan Phillips is Professor and Director of the School of Public Policy and Administration at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where she has led the creation of Canada’s first Masters in Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership. Internationally recognized for her research in this field, Susan is currently co-editing the Routledge Companion to Philanthropy, the first international handbook in philanthropy, and she is beginning a major SSHRC-funded comparative study of community foundations. She is a frequent advisor to nonprofits, foundations, and governments. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/575 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Global from the Start: The Characteristics of Born-Global Firms in the Technology Sector %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K international business %K technology entrepreneurship %X This article provides insights from recent research on firms that are "born global". A born-global firm is a venture launched to exploit a global niche from the first day of its operations. The insights in this article are relevant to technology entrepreneurs and top management teams of new technology firms. After discussing various definitions for the term "born global" and identifying the main characteristics of born-global firms, this article lists a few salient characteristics of firms that are born global in the technology sector. The article concludes by identifying opportunities for future research. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-8 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/532 %N 3 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Institute of Technology and Innovation and member of the Integrative Innovation Management (I2M) Research Unit at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. He is also Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has an MSc and PhD in Physics (jointly by the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France), an MEng in Technology Management (Carleton University, Canada), and a MA (University of Sherbrooke, Canada). His main research interests are in the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation in technology-driven businesses. Dr. Tanev is also on the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/532 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Global Mindset: An Entrepreneur's Perspective on the Born-Global Approach %A Robert Poole %K born global %K economic development %K entrepreneurship %K globalization %K internationalization %K startup %X The born-global approach calls for a startup to address the needs of a global market from inception. This approach provides an attractive alternative to the conventional staged approach to internationalization whereby a startup first operates in its home market and then enters one or more foreign markets sequentially. This article highlights the mindset change that an entrepreneur must make to move from the conventional staged approach to the born-global approach. The author of this article is an experienced entrepreneur and the article describes his own mindset change that occurred when enacting the born-global approach. The author uses his own experience and company as a case study to develop recommendations for other entrepreneurs who are evaluating the born-global approach to launch and grow a technology company. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 27-31 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/617 %N 10 %1 Freebird Connect Robert Poole is an entrepreneur, a chartered accountant, and a recent graduate of the MEng program in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Robert has 15 years of experience building and deploying business intelligence and social analytic solutions to global enterprises. As a consultant, Robert has provided his expertise to private and public-sector clients including federal, provincial, and regional governments. As an entrepreneur, Robert has created several technology-related companies and has appeared on CNBC's Power Lunch. Robert combines knowledge learned at the university with his practical experience to improve the fortunes of his company: FreebirdConnect. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/617 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Governance of Open Source Software Foundations: Who Holds the Power? %A Ludovico Prattico %K artificial neural network %K content analysis %K keystones %K management structures %K open source %K open source software foundations %K organization %K power %X The research reported in this article attempts to discover who holds the power in open source software foundations through the analysis of governance documents. Artificial neural network analysis is used to analyse the content of the bylaws of six open source foundations (Apache, Eclipse, GNOME, Plone, Python, and SPI) for the purpose of identifying power structures. Results of the research suggest that: i) the actions of an open source software foundation are centered around one of three groups: Members, Chairman/President/Executive Director, and Board of Directors; ii) in only one of the six foundations is the Board of Directors responsible for both the community and the product; and iii) artificial neural network analysis of the content of bylaws provides unbiased insights of the power structure of open source software foundations. These results may prove useful to those who contribute to open source foundations and use their products and services. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 37-42 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/636 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Ludovico Prattico is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. In addition to his Master's degree research at Carleton, he oversaw the operations, external content, and overall support of the Carleton Entrepreneurs program and recruitment of candidates for the Lead To Win program. Previously, he worked at Nortel Networks and Bell-Northern Research, where he led the Optical Networks architecture and standards development team, and the high capacity OC-48 hardware team with the responsibility for the development and introduction of the dense wavelength division multiplexing product. Mr. Prattico also holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical) degree from McGill University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/636 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Green, Innovative, and Profitable: A Case Study of Managerial Capabilities at Interface Inc. %A Tommi Lampikoski %K carpet industry %K corporate sustainability %K green innovation %K interface %K radical innovation %X This article describes the pioneering green-innovation management practices of a resource-intensive corporation, Interface Inc., which is a globally operating carpet manufacturer. Even during the current economic downturn, many companies remain committed to advancing their green business agendas. However, recent research suggests that most of these companies are far from reaching substantial competitive advantage from this commitment because they lack the connection between their green agendas and core innovation-management activities. This study illustrates how Interface succeeded with radical green innovations by investing in managerial capabilities that allowed it to conduct research, recognize opportunities, and revolutionize the carpeting industry. These capabilities enabled Interface to continuously challenge and disrupt well-established management recipes, existing knowledge, and proven industrial practices, and they enabled it to create a sustainable competitive advantage through a winning portfolio of radical green innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 4-12 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/624 %N 11 %1 University of California Berkeley Tommi Lampikoski, MSc (Econ), is a visiting scholar at the Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley, USA, and a project researcher at the School of Business, Aalto University, Finland. He acts as a project manager in a joint research project with the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation and FIMECC’s Innovation & Network consortium. His ongoing doctoral research focuses on the management of radical green innovation and his current research interests include open innovation, corporate sustainability, and green business strategies in resource-intensive businesses. He is an author of three business books in the fields of creativity, green business, and innovation management. He previously held various managerial positions in the ICT industry in Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/624 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A Guide for Entrepreneurs Who Lead and Manage Change %A Llynne Plante %K change management %K entrepreneurship %K leadership %X To grow a business, entrepreneurs must know how to lead and manage change. However, the change management literature offers little in the way of specific, practical advice that leaders can use to guide their actions. This article builds on a review of the change management literature, a small field study, and years of experience supporting technology companies. It identifies and describes the top nine leadership actions (and their associated behavioural traits) that technology entrepreneurs who lead and manage change should carry out. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 27-31 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/536 %N 3 %1 NRC-IRAP Llynne Plante is Regional Director for Eastern and Northeastern Ontario with the Industrial Research Assistance Program of the National Research Council Canada (NRC-IRAP). Llynne has a strong experience in finance, international business, R&D, and technology entrepreneurship from both the private and public sectors. Prior to joining NRC-IRAP, Llynne worked at Public Works Government Services Canada (PWGSC), at Export Development Canada, and in business and engineering roles in small Canadian technology firms. Llynne holds an EMBA from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/536 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Hacking Health: Bottom-up Innovation for Healthcare %A Jeeshan Chowdhury %K hackathon %K hacking health %K healthcare %K social innovation %K technology entrepreneurship %X Healthcare is not sustainable and still functions with outdated technology (e.g., pagers, paper records). Top-down approaches by governments and corporations have failed to deliver digital technologies to modernize healthcare. Disruptive innovation must come from the ground up by bridging the gap between front-line health experts and innovators in the latest web and mobile technology. Hacking Health is a hackathon that is focused on social innovation more than technical innovation. Our approach to improve healthcare is to pair technological innovators with healthcare experts to build realistic, human-centric solutions to front-line healthcare problems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 31-35 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/579 %N 7 %1 Hacking Health Jeeshan Chowdhury is completing an MD/DPhil at the Universities of Alberta and Oxford, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar. Jeeshan’s academic research focuses on emerging healthcare technologies, namely developing novel point-of-care diagnostics and quantitative methods to measure the impact of health information systems. As a Sauvé Scholar, Jeeshan has co-founded HackingHealth.ca to foster health technology innovations. He also launched EnlightHealth.com, a health tech startup that innovates web and mobile solutions for patients, providers, and clinics. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/579 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T How Do Large Companies Manage Their Investments Across the Three Horizons? %A Peter Carbone %K horizon management %K investment %K large companies %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technical entrepreneurship continues to be important to a technology company’s health and growth, even after it has successfully delivered its first product. It is essential to help the company deal with competitive forces and to renew its revenue stream. However, as the company grows, its entrepreneurial capability often becomes handicapped both by company culture as well as external pressures. The company must achieve the right mix of investment and level of attention across three time horizons of growth: immediate, imminent, and future. This balancing act requires a commitment to a strategic growth goal, appropriate tools, and leaders that can manage significant degrees of uniqueness in the resources that address each of these time horizons. This article discusses some of the horizon-management challenges faced by top management teams of large companies and overviews some mechanisms and processes that have worked effectively. Large companies must overcome internal teams’ divergent values and culture as well as significant external, short-term pressures being applied by their existing base of customers and markets. Discipline at the entry point to Horizon 3 (exploratory phase) and then a rapid transition to Horizon 1 (current operations) is the priority of any successful growth company. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 28-34 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/548 %N 4 %1 Peter Carbone is a successful executive known for his thought leadership, business acumen, and technology leadership. He is often called on to address new business and technology challenges. Peter is a pathfinder with a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has held CTO, R&D, and senior business positions in several high-tech companies, and he has led or been directly involved with several technology company acquisitions. Peter has been engaged as technical advisor to startups, is part of the faculty of an entrepreneur development program that has created >100 new companies, and has been on the boards of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and Coral CEA. He is past Vice-Chair of the Executive Committee of the Information Technology Associationof Canada (ITAC) and Chair of an ITAC committee, which is focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada’s Knowledge Economy. Peter is also on the Advisory Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/548 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T How Open Source Has Changed the Software Industry: Perspectives from Open Source Entrepreneurs %A Juho Lindman %A Risto Rajala %K entrepreneurship %K narrative methodology %K Open innovation %K open source software %K service-dominant logic %X The emergence of F/LOSS (free/libre open source software) has triggered several changes in the software industry. F/LOSS has been cited as an archetypal form of open innovation; it consists of the convergence and collaboration of like-minded parties. An increasing number of software firms have taken upon this approach to link outsiders into their service development and product design. Also, software firms have been increasingly grounded their business models on user-centric and service-oriented operations. This article describes a study that investigates these changes from the perspective of F/LOSS entrepreneurs. The findings are summarized into four issues that are critical in managing an F/LOSS business: i) dealing with organizational changes in the innovation process; ii) mastering user involvement; iii) successfully using resources; and iv) designing revenue models. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-11 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/510 %N 1 %1 Hanken School of Economics Juho Lindman is an Assistant Professor in the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland. Juho defended his doctoral dissertation focusing on open source software development organization in the Aalto University School of Economics in Helsinki. In the field of information systems science, his current research is focused in the areas of open source software development, open innovation, open data and organizational change. %2 Aalto University Risto Rajala is Director of Research in a multi-school collaboration platform in service research and education at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. His recent research has been centered on user-centric and open forms of managing software-intensive innovations, the transformation of software vendors’ business models, IT services and the socio-technical aspects of service systems. Risto holds a PhD in Information Systems Science from the Aalto University, School of Economics. His work has been published widely in refereed scientific journals, international conference proceedings, academic books, and other scientific volumes. He is also a member of the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/510 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Living Labbing the Rotterdam Way: Co-Creation as an Enabler for Urban Innovation %A Ingrid Mulder %K co-creation %K contextual research %K design techniques %K living methodologies %K participatory design %X The living lab concept seems appropriate to study the design and evaluation of innovative services that enrich everyday life. This article elaborates on “living methodologies”, methods and tools necessary in "living labbing". Living methodologies address the social dynamics of everyday life that are essential for understanding living labs, not only conceptually, but also as mature methodologies for fostering innovation in real-life contexts. We report on three cases from Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where "living labbing" was used to enable citizens to co-develop their city. These cases utilized visual ethnography as a research method and prototyping and co-creating as design tools. The cases not only inspire citizen participation, but also inform social innovation and city’s policymaking. The user-driven approach, do-it-yourself mindset, and the participatory character perfectly fit with the down-to-earth attitude of Rotterdam residents. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 39-43 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/607 %N 9 %1 Delft University of Technology Ingrid Mulder is Associate Professor of Design Techniques at ID-StudioLab, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, and she is a research professor at Creating 010, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. She received her MA in Policy and Organization Sciences from the University of Tilburg, and she received her PhD degree from the University of Twente in the Faculty of Behavior Sciences. In 2005, she headed the evaluation of the first Dutch living lab, “Kenniswijk”, which included over 116 innovative services experienced by 15,000 inhabitants having broadband Internet access. In the FP6 project CORELABS, she led the harmonization of methods and tools resulting in the establishment of the European Network of Living Labs. Her current research emphasizes open data, citizen participation, and responsible design for social cities of tomorrow. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/607 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Living Labs as Open-Innovation Networks %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %A Anna-Greta Nyström %K co-creation %K innovation %K living labs %K networks %K Open innovation %X Living labs bring experimentation out of companies’ R&D departments to real-life environments with the participation and co-creation of users, partners, and other parties. This study discusses living labs as four different types of networks characterized by open innovation: utilizer-driven, enabler-driven, provider-driven, and user-driven. The typology is based on interviews with the participants of 26 living labs in Finland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa. Companies can benefit from knowing the characteristics of each type of living lab; this knowledge will help them to identify which actor drives the innovation, to anticipate likely outcomes, and to decide what kind of role they should play while "living labbing". Living labs are networks that can help them create innovations that have a superior match with user needs and can be upscaled promptly to the global market. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 6-11 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/602 %N 9 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Åbo Akademi University Anna-Greta Nyström, D. Sc. (Econ.) is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland. Anna-Greta holds a doctoral degree in International Marketing from the School of Business and Economics at Åbo Akademi University. Her doctoral research focused on industry change in the Finnish telecommunications sector, with a special focus on technological convergence. Anna-Greta’s current research interests include business-to-business branding, consumer behaviour in high-tech industries, and changing media-consumption patterns. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/602 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Living Labs for Cross-Border Systemic Innovation %A Hans Schaffers %A Petra Turkama %K collaboration %K innovation %K living labs %K networks %K systemic %X Innovation is increasingly taking place in cross-border collaborative networks, which are shaped by the characteristics of systemic innovation, the strategies and objectives of main actors, and the dynamics of the innovation process. Participation in such networks is of high importance for small firms, but requires long-term investments and a diverse range of collaboration and innovation capabilities. This article explores how living labs, understood as innovation projects based on open and user-centric innovation methodologies, can form collaboration networks to support small firms and other actors to engage in cross-border collaboration and to accelerate the development and acceptance of innovations. Based on the lessons learned from a major living lab project, APOLLON, we conclude that adopting the living labs networking approach requires thorough understanding of each party’s objectives and drivers, the alignment of operational processes, establishment of open and collaborative culture, as well as competences, methods, and tools for supporting cooperation and community building. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 25-30 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/605 %N 9 %1 Aalto University School of Business Hans Schaffers, PhD, is Visiting Professor at the Centre for Knowledge and Innovation Research at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. He is also an innovation consultant in the Netherlands. His main research interests include open innovation, collaborative networks, living labs, and urban development. He has initiated and led various projects in the area of living labs innovation, collaborative working, and smart cities. He has been the living labs coordinator of the Collaboration@Rural integrated project and methodology leader of the APOLLON project discussed in this paper. %2 Aalto University School of Business Petra Turkama, PhD, is Director of the Centre for Knowledge and Innovation Research at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. Her main research interests are collaborative innovation networks and innovation systems. She has worked on several living labs projects in the past, including APOLLON, and currently contributes to related EU projects such as SILVER on pre-commercial procurement, and CONCORD, a project coordinating the Future Internet PPP programme. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/605 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Making Money from Exploiting Schumpeterian Opportunities: John Sanguinetti and the Electronic Design Automation Industry %A Arthur Low %K CynLib %K EDA industry %K integrated circuit design %K John Sanguinetti %K Schumpter %K technology entrepreneurship %K verilog %K VHDL %X Accounts of the effect that John Sanguinetti’s two companies had on the market for integrated circuit design languages were used to gain insights on how to profit from the exploitation of Schumpeterian opportunities. This article will be of interest to entrepreneurs who expect to profit from exploiting opportunities that disrupt the status quo. To write this article, the author reviewed the literature on Schumpeterian and Kirznerian opportunities and examined the writings of and about Sanguinetti and his companies, blogs written by industry insiders, and articles in industry trade journals. Sanguinetti’s first company introduced a new technology and his second company introduced a new business strategy and a new technology. Both of Sanguinetti's companies undermined the capital investments of the established incumbents and created new value for customers. The article provides three main insights. First, deep knowledge and experience in the customer domain enable an entrepreneur to recognize and act to profit from a Schumpeterian opportunity. Second, to profit from a Schumpeterian opportunity the entrepreneur needs to combine technology and business model components in a way that adds significant value to customers. Third, large amounts of venture capital may or may not be required to exploit Schumpeterian opportunities. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 18-22 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/555 %N 5 %1 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has a number of patents in the field of hardware cryptography. He has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta and is completing his MSc degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/555 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Managing Entrepreneurial Employees Who Bring Their Own IT to Work %A David Hudson %K consumer IT %K corporate IT %K entrepreneurship %K intrapreneur %K theory of the firm %K value creation %X Why do some employees invest their own time and money to acquire consumer information technology (IT) for use in the workplace as corporate IT? This behaviour occurs even when their firms already possess considerable IT resources. Moreover, IT governance policies typically oppose the use of unsanctioned IT within the firm. IT governance assumes that the only IT assets that are relevant to the firm are those that are owned by the firm. However, employees can create value for the firm by combining their personal IT assets with the firm's IT assets. Creating novel asset combinations is consistent with entrepreneurship but entrepreneurship theory does not address this type of voluntary employee entrepreneurship using personal IT assets. This article proposes a link between the theory of the firm and entrepreneurship theory to explain why employees act entrepreneurially. This link is significant because it advances the notion that employees of established firms can be entrepreneurial when they use their own consumer IT as corporate IT. This link is also significant because it suggests that managing employee entrepreneurship requires tolerance of value creation that is emergent and can occur within a firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 6-11 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/633 %N 12 %1 Carleton University David Hudson is pursuing doctoral studies and is a lecturer in the MBA program at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. His research focus considers entrepreneurial effort by employees and changes arising from consumer technology use in industry. Previously, David was the Vice President for Advanced Research and Technology at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. He received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/633 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Managing Innovation under Time Pressure: A Practical Perspective %A Blair Winsor %K consultancy %K innovation %K practice-based approach %K time %X This article examines the effects of time pressure on innovation. Does time pressure stimulate or eliminate innovation or, in other words, should managers increase or reduce time pressures if they are trying to enhance innovation in their firms? Unfortunately, current research on the subject is ambivalent. To provide some clarity, this innovation management dilemma was examined in a fast-growing, medium-sized communication and IT consultancy (“First”), which claimed to be “highly innovative”. Detailed data on five projects was collected over an 18-month period using practice-based methods. Each project team was followed in real time via observation and interviews. The data was then analyzed by dividing project work into three phases: i) negotiating the project particulars with the client; ii) conducting project work; and iii) project evaluation. This detailed analysis revealed how time pressures eliminated innovation in First’s client-based project work and suggested three implications for the management of innovation. Firstly, managers should try to avoid imposing excessive time pressures on their project teams. Secondly, they should ensure that there is space between projects to enable reflection. Thirdly, managers should ensure that project debriefs occur and that they cover potential innovations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-9 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/593 %N 8 %1 Edinburgh Napier University Blair Winsor is a full-time lecturer in Edinburgh Napier University’s business school in the United Kingdom and currently teaches in the innovation management and entrepreneurship areas. He received his PhD from the University of Warwick's Business School where he studied innovation in consultancies. Blair also has an MBA from SDA Bocconi in Italy and a law degree from the University of Ottawa in Canada. He has had business and consultancy experience in both the United Kingdom and North America. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/593 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Mapping Living Labs in the Landscape of Innovation Methodologies %A Esteve Almirall %A Melissa Lee %A Jonathan Wareham %K innovation %K living labs %K living labs methodologies %K Open innovation %K user-driven design %X A growing interest in living labs as a mechanism for innovation has drawn significant attention to both the different flavours of this methodology and to the organizations that put it into practice. However, little has been done to assess its impact and to compare its contribution to other innovation methodologies. This article aims to cover that gap by summarizing the most common European living labs approaches and positioning them in the landscape of user-contributed innovation methodology. The merits and appropriateness of living labs in these settings are also assessed. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 12-18 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/603 %N 9 %1 ESADE Business School and Pompeu Fabra University Esteve Almirall is an Associate Professor in the ESADE Business School and Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, Spain. His research focuses on innovation and innovation management, and he has more than 30 publications in this field. His background is a mix of Management Science (PhD) and Computer Science (MSc, MRes). Esteve is also highly involved in European Projects and EU organizations being a Council Member of the ENoLL (European Network of Living Labs) and coordinating/participating in EU projects on innovation and smart cities. %2 ESADE Business School Melissa Lee is a PhD candidate at the ESADE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. Her research interests include open innovation, business ecosystems, and innovation in the public sector. %3 ESADE Business School Jonathan Wareham is a Professor of Information Systems in the ESADE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. Dr. Wareham's research has been published, or is forthcoming, in over 80 refereed journals and proceedings. He currently serves as Vice-Dean of Research at ESADE and is Director of the ESADE Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management. In addition, he sits on the advisory boards or editorial boards for a number of academic institutions, journals, NGOs, and social entreprises. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/603 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Market Channels of Technology Startups that Internationalize Rapidly from Inception %A Simar Yoos %K born global %K channel partner %K globalization %K internationalization %K market channels %K marketing %K startups %X The study of technology startups that internationalize rapidly from inception has increased in recent years. However, little is known about their channels to market. This article addresses a gap in the "born global" literature by examining the channels used by six startups that internationalized rapidly from inception as well as the programs they used to support their channel partners and customers. The six startups examined combined the use of the Internet with: i) a relationship with a multi-national, ii) distributors, iii) re-sellers, or iv) a direct sales force. They also delivered programs to support partners and customers that focused on communications, alliance and network development, education, marketing and promotion, and financial incentives. This article informs entrepreneurs who need to design go-to-market channels to exploit global opportunities about decisions made by other entrepreneurs who launched born-global companies. Normative rules and practitioner-oriented approaches are needed to help entrepreneurs explain and apply the results presented in this article. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 32-37 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/618 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Simar Yoos has 15 years of experience launching and growing companies as well as helping international companies to solve commercialization-related conflicts. He is currently completing his MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His research examines how technology startups can accelerate their internationalization from inception. Simar also holds a Business Administration degree with specialization in Marketing from Univali (University of Vale do Itajaí) in Brazil, and he has a certification in International Trade and Negotiation Skills from Concordia University in Montreal, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/618 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Minimum Viable Product and the Importance of Experimentation in Technology Startups %A Dobrila Rancic Moogk %K lean startup %K minimum viable product %K MVP %X Entrepreneurs are often faced with limited resources in their quest to commercialize new technology. This article presents the model of a lean startup, which can be applied to an organization regardless of its size or environment. It also emphasizes the conditions of extreme uncertainty under which the commercialization of new technology is carried out. The lean startup philosophy advocates efficient use of resources by introducing a minimum viable product to the market as soon as possible in order to test its value and the entrepreneur’s growth projections. This testing is done by running experiments that examine the metrics relevant to three distinct types of the growth. These experiments bring about accelerated learning to help reduce the uncertainty that accompanies commercialization projects, thereby bringing the resulting new technology to market faster. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 23-26 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/535 %N 3 %1 ADM Consulting Dobrila Rancic Moogk has over 19 years of executive and leadership experience in R&D, marketing, product management, and people management roles in high-tech companies ranging from startups to multinationals in North America and Europe. She is currently working on business strategy, product development, and corporate development with several high-tech startups. Her interests are in the area of increasing the efficiency of innovation commercialization. Also, Dobrila serves as a vice-chair with the University of Ottawa Women in Engineering and Computer Science committee and a vice-chair on the Volunteer Ottawa Board of Directors. Dobrila has a BSEE as well as Master of Engineering and MBA degrees from the University of Ottawa. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/535 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Neuromarketing: Understanding Customers' Subconscious Responses to Marketing %A Jyrki Suomala %A Lauri Palokangas %A Seppo Leminen %A Mika Westerlund %A Jarmo Heinonen %A Jussi Numminen %K brain scans %K consultative selling %K customer engagement %K customer journey %K fMRI %K neuroimaging %K neuromarketing %X This article presents neuromarketing as a way to detect brain activation during customer engagement. Neuromarketing is a field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. We established a Virtual Customer Journey model based on the consultative selling process to study customer engagement by using brain scans. Consultative selling suggests that a customer’s shopping experience is managed by the salesperson’s behaviour and in-store marketing assets, and that the customer gets engaged step by step. A total of 16 test subjects were shown video clips and still pictures from a consultative sales process at Nokia’s flagship stores, and their brain activity was scanned. The results show that test subjects were able to associate themselves with people and events on the video and they felt safe and comfortable during the consultative selling process. The study implies that laboratories can build virtual environments that resemble real shopping environments where customers can participate in the buying process and respond to events displayed on the screen, and that neuroimaging is useful in providing valuable information on customer behaviour that is not achievable otherwise. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 12-21 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/634 %N 12 %1 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jyrki Suomala, Ph.D. (Education), holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the University of Oulu in Finland. Jyrki holds a doctoral degree in Education from the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. His research and consultation interests include the neurophysiological basis of human behaviour in marketing and education. Jyrki is the founder and head of the Neuroeconomics Lab at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences. He has been a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for a period of three years. %2 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Nokia Lauri Palokangas, BBA, graduated from Finland's Laurea University of Applied Science’s Business Management Programme in summer 2010 while continuing his career at Nokia. His work is mainly related to smartphones and he has gained significant experience through various information technology, pre-sales, and marketing positions over more than a decade. Lauri’s thesis work focused on measuring the impact of retail marketing assets on a customer’s purchase decision during the solution-selling process. The hypotheses of the research are from the discipline of neuroeconomics, whereas the behavioural research relates to Lauri’s areas of expertise at Nokia. The thesis was recognized in a 2010 Thesis of the Year competition. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# Laurea University of Applied Sciences Jarmo E. A. Heinonen, PhD (Education), Lic.Sc (Marketing), M.Sc. (Food Economy) holds a position as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland. He has also studied marketing and business administration at the University of Rhode Island and the University of California Davis in the United States. Jarmo holds a doctoral degree in Education from the University of Tampere, Finland, and a licentiate degree in marketing with a food science emphasis at the University of Helsinki. Previously, he was Director at Palmenia Centre for Continuing Education at the University of Helsinki. He has authored books, research, and articles on research methods, marketing research, neuromarketing, and neuroeconomics. %$ Helsinki Medical Imaging Center at Töölö Hospital, University of Helsinki Jussi Numminen, MD, Ph.D., holds a position as fMRI physician at Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Töölö Hospital, University of Helsinki. Dr. Numminen has broad experience in functional neuroimaging research and is the author of several publications in international peer-refereed journals such as PNAS, Human Brain Mapping, and Frontiers in Neuroscience. He has a strong theoretical background in neuroimaging methodology and data analysis. In addition, he has extensive experience of the clinical use of fMRI in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with brain tumours. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/634 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A New Way of Measuring Openness: The Open Governance Index %A Liz Laffan %K Android %K governance %K open source %K open source licenses %X Open source software is now "business as usual" in the mobile industry. While much attention is given to the importance of open source licenses, we argue in this article that the governance model can be as necessary to a project's success and that projects vary widely in the governance models - whether open or closed - that they employ. Open source governance models describe the control points that are used to influence open source projects with regard to access to the source code, how the source code is developed, how derivatives are created, and the community structure of the project. Governance determines who has control over the project beyond what is deemed legally necessary via the open source licenses for that project. The purpose of our research is to define and measure the governance of open source projects, in other words, the extent to which decision-making in an open source project is "open" or "closed". We analyzed eight open source projects using 13 specific governance criteria across four areas of governance: access, development, derivatives and community. Our findings suggest that the most open platforms will be most successful in the long term, however we acknowledge exceptions to this rule. We also identify best practices that are common across these open source projects with regard to source code access, development of source code, management of derivatives, and community structure. These best practices increase the likelihood of developer use of and involvement in open source projects. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 18-24 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/512 %N 1 %1 VisionMobile Liz Laffan is a Research Partner at VisionMobile. Liz has been working in the telecoms and mobile industry for over 20 years, with large telecommunications organizations, startup technology ventures, software development, and licensing firms. She holds a BA (Hons) in Business Studies from Thames Valley University and an MA in International Political Economy from Warwick University. Liz's interests lie in open source software governance and licensing and in particular how commercial organizations can best interact with open source projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/512 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Open Invention Network: A Defensive Patent Pool for Open Source Projects and Businesses %A Deborah Nicholson %K innovation %K linux %K patent %X This article explores how patents impact innovation within free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) businesses and projects. The number of software patent suits brought each year is increasing and is diverting millions of dollars in funds from developers to lawyers. With patent suits on the rise, the US Supreme Court has left the F/LOSS community in a position where it must either wait years for legislation or address the issue of patent suits itself. However, defending the Linux kernel and related technologies is a different challenge than the one that faces proprietary software businesses. This article describes Open Invention Network, an initiative that is designed to meet the particular challenges facing the F/LOSS community and businesses by providing a defensive patent pool. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 12-17 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/511 %N 1 %1 Open Invention Network Deborah Nicholson works at the intersection of technology and social justice. She has been a free speech advocate, economic justice organizer, and civil liberties defender. After working in Massachusetts politics for fifteen years, she became involved in the free software movement. She is the Community Outreach Director at Open Invention Network and the Community Manager at Media Goblin. She also serves on the board at Open Hatch, a non-profit dedicated to providing tools and education for potential new free software contributors. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts where she is slowly pursuing a graduate degree in Information Technology. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/511 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Organizational Ambidexterity: How Small Technology Firms Balance Innovation and Support %A John Schreuders %A Alem Legesse %K ambidextrous organization %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K support %X Many technology entrepreneurs start their companies by focusing on an innovation that creates a market offer to attract their first customers. When the entrepreneur’s firm makes its first sale, the dynamics of the organization change and the entrepreneur faces a new challenge: how can the firm concurrently develop new products and support existing customers? This problem is of great concern to entrepreneurs who own small technology firms and is the subject of this article. In this article, we first address the innovate-versus-support dilemma that small technology firms face early in their lifecycles. Next, we describe the paradigm of the ambidextrous organization. We conclude with a discussion of five mechanisms small firms can use to achieve balance in their quest to concurrently satisfy the need to innovate while fulfilling the demands of existing clients and products. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 17-21 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/522 %N 2 %1 Carleton University John Schreuders is a senior software systems engineer at Mitel Networks in Kanata, Ontario. John is a licensed professional engineer with Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO). After graduating from the Royal Military College in Kingston, John started his engineering career as a combat systems engineer in the Canadian Navy. After that, he went on to work for defence contractors and later for the International Space Station project. Recently John returned from working in New York as a software systems engineer for Wall Street. He is currently pursuing his Master’s degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %2 Carleton University Alem Legesse is pursuing his M.Eng studies in Carleton University’s Technology Innovation Management program in Ottawa, Canada. He is the founder of Syncrodata Inc., a software company that provides software development services for Android, Blackberry, and iOS devices. He holds an MSc degree offered jointly by computer science, engineering, and mathematics at Carleton University. His research interests are mobile developments, telecommunications, open source, and business models. He previously worked as a software designer for RIM, Alcatel-Lucent, and Nortel, and as a flight security analyst for Transport Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/522 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T An Overview of Four Issues on Technology Entrepreneurship in the TIM Review %A Tony Bailetti %A Sonia D. Bot %A Tom Duxbury %A David Hudson %A Chris McPhee %A Steven Muegge %A Michael Weiss %A Jonathan Wells %A Mika Westerlund %K creative destruction %K global entrepreneurship %K journal articles %K social entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurship %K theory %X The field of technology entrepreneurship is in its infancy when compared to other fields such as economics and management. Articles on technology entrepreneurship have been published in at least 62 journals, of which only 18 contribute to technology innovation management or entrepreneurship. Less than a handful of these 62 journals are considered to be "good" journals and none can claim a leadership position in technology entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the 20 journal articles published in the February, March, April, and May 2012 issues of the Technology Innovation Management Review (TIM Review). %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 28-34 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/557 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. (See end of article for further author biographies.) %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/557 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T The Physical Internet and Business Model Innovation %A Benoit Montreuil %A Jean-François Rougès %A Yan Cimon %A Diane Poulin %K business models %K logistics %K physical internet %K supply chains %X Building on the analogy of data packets within the Digital Internet, the Physical Internet is a concept that dramatically transforms how physical objects are designed, manufactured, and distributed. This approach is open, efficient, and sustainable beyond traditional proprietary logistical solutions, which are often plagued by inefficiencies. The Physical Internet redefines supply chain configurations, business models, and value-creation patterns. Firms are bound to be less dependent on operational scale and scope trade-offs because they will be in a position to offer novel hybrid products and services that would otherwise destroy value. Finally, logistical chains become flexible and reconfigurable in real time, thus becoming better in tune with firm strategic choices. This article focuses on the potential impact of the Physical Internet on business model innovation, both from the perspectives of Physical-Internet enabled and enabling business models. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 32-37 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/566 %N 6 %1 Université Laval Benoit Montreuil, PEng., PhD (Georgia Tech, ISYE, 1982) is Professor in the Faculty of Administration Sciences at Université Laval in Quebec City, Canada. He holds the Canada Research Chair in Enterprise Engineering. He is a board member of the CIRRELT Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. He is a member of the EDS Institute on Environment, Development and Society. He is the MHIA Board Liaison of the College Industry Council on Material Handling Education. His main research interests lie in developing concepts, methodologies, and technologies for creating, optimizing, transforming and enabling businesses and value creation networks that can thrive in a fast evolving world. He is the inventor of the Physical Internet towards efficient and sustainable interconnected logistics, and is leading the International Physical Internet Initiative. DC Velocity has named him 2011 Rainmaker-of-the-Year. %2 Université Laval Jean-François Rougès is a PhD Student at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Québec City, Canada) and a member of the CIRRELT, Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. His research focuses on strategy and business model innovation enabled by information and communication technologies. He also works as a consultant in strategic change management. %3 Université Laval Yan Cimon, CD, PhD (HEC Montreal) is Associate Professor of Strategy at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Quebec City, Canada). He is the Deputy Director of CIRRELT (Québec), the Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. He is also an associate member of HEI, the Quebec Institute for Advanced International Studies. His research focuses on networks and alliances between firms. His most recent research focuses on the dynamics of Canada-US value chain integration and how they may better leverage the innovative power of complex North American value creation networks that are too often overlooked. A winner of many awards for the implications and impact of his work, he has also been elected to Alpha Iota Delta. %4 Université Laval Diane Poulin, PhD (École Polytechnique de Paris/France) is full Professor of Strategy at the Faculty of Business Administration at Université Laval (Quebec City, Canada). She is a founder member of CIRRELT (Québec), the Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation. She is also a member of CeRTAE, the Enterprise Architecture and Transfer Research Centre, and FORAC, Research Consortium of expertise for the advancement of the forest products industry. Her research focuses on innovation and technologies, networks enterprises and alliances. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/566 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Platformation: Cloud Computing Tools at the Service of Social Change %A Anil Patel %K charity %K cloud computing %K nonprofit %K Platformation %K sharing imperative %K social innovation %X The following article establishes some context and definitions for what is termed the “sharing imperative” – a movement or tendency towards sharing information online and in real time that has rapidly transformed several industries. As internet-enabled devices proliferate to all corners of the globe, ways of working and accessing information have changed. Users now expect to be able to access the products, services, and information that they want from anywhere, at any time, on any device. This article addresses how the nonprofit sector might respond to those demands by embracing the sharing imperative. It suggests that how well an organization shares has become one of the most pressing governance questions a nonprofit organization must tackle. Finally, the article introduces Platformation, a project whereby tools that enable better inter and intra-organizational sharing are tested for scalability, affordability, interoperability, and security, all with a non-profit lens. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 36-41 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/580 %N 7 %1 Framework Anil Patel is an Ashoka Fellow and Executive Director of Framework, the charity that runs the Timeraiser. The Timeraiser is part volunteer fair, part silent art auction, and part night on the town. To date, the Timeraiser has generated 100,000 volunteer hours, engaged 6,500 Canadians to pick up a cause, worked with more than 350 agencies in need of skilled volunteers, and invested $580,000 in the careers of Canadian artists. In the decade ahead, Anil will be focused on how nonprofits and funding organizations can share critical information online and in real time. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/580 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Predicting Ecosystem Alliances Using Landscape Theory %A Shruti Satsangi %K alliance formation %K business ecosystems %K coalition forming games %K coalition prediction %K landscape theory %X Previous articles in the TIM Review have covered various aspects of the concept of business ecosystems, from the types of ecosystems to keystone strategy, to different member roles and value co-creation. While there is no dearth of suggested best practices that organizations should follow as ecosystem members, it can be difficult to apply these insights into actionable steps for them to take. This is especially true when the ecosystem members already have a prior history of cooperation or competition with each other, as opposed to where a new ecosystem is created. Landscape theory, a political science approach to predicting coalition formation and strategic alliances, can be a useful complement to ecosystems studies by providing a tool to evaluate the best possible alliance options for an organization, given information about itself and the other companies in the system. As shown in the case study of mobile device manufacturers choosing platform providers in the mobile ecosystem, this tool is highly flexible and customizable, with more data providing a more accurate view of the alliances in the ecosystem. At the same time, with even basic parameters, companies can glean significant information about which coalitions will best serve their interest and overall standing within the ecosystem. This article shows the synergies between landscape theory and an ecosystems approach and offers a practical, actionable way in which to analyze individual member benefits. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 31-38 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/597 %N 8 %1 Carleton University Shruti Satsangi is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University, in Ottawa, Canada, where she researched coalition and competition within business ecosystems. Her Master’s thesis focused on implementing landscape theory to better explain coalition formation within the mobile ecosystem. Ms. Satsangi received a Bachelor’s in Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo with specializations in Management Science and Telecommunications. She has extensive experience in the development of large, carrier-grade 4G mobile communication systems. Shruti is currently serving as a committee member for the Innovation and Entrepreneurship track at the Grace Hopper Conference 2012. She is also a member of CU-Women in Science and Engineering, IEEE WiE, and the IEEE Communications Society and an occasional guest blogger for the Anita Borg Institute. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/597 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Process Adaptability in the IT Supply Chain %A Paul E. Renaud %A Sonia D. Bot %K exploitation %K exploration %K IT function %K process adaptability %K process ambidexterity %K supply chain %X The continuous pressure to minimize IT costs challenges the IT function to achieve a balance between its own effectiveness and the productivity of the users in the business functions that it serves (i.e., user effectiveness). In many cases, user effectiveness is sacrificed to ensure IT function effectiveness. Process adaptability improves the IT organization’s entrepreneurial ability by balancing these conflicting productivity and performance objectives. This article applies a process-ambidexterity framework to examine how process adaptability in IT is affected by the choice of different strategies for IT Demand Management as well as different fulfillment strategies for IT Supply Chain Management. Alternative fulfillment strategies are presented, along with criteria and indicators that impact IT and user effectiveness that have been applied within major firms. IT and senior business executives will find this article valuable for helping understand how they can influence the balance between IT and user productivity through their choice of different Demand Management and IT fulfillment strategies. Academic readers will discover that, while process adaptability in IT is an important enabler for implementing dynamic alignment between business and IT function objectives, there may be circumstances where IT process adaptability is not a priority for the business. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 33-40 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/627 %N 11 %1 The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. %2 Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Innovation Management Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently provides consulting services by partnering with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/627 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Process Ambidexterity for Entrepreneurial Firms %A Sonia D. Bot %K business management %K exploitation %K exploration %K performance improvement %K process ambidexterity %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technology-based entrepreneurial firms must effectively support both mainstream exploitation and new-stream exploration in order to remain competitive for the long term. The processes that support exploitation and exploration initiatives are different in terms of logistics, payoff horizons, and capabilities. Few firms are able to strike a balance between the two, where mainstream exploitation usually trumps new-stream exploration. The ultimate goal is for the firm to operate effectively in a repeatable, scalable, and systematic manner, rather than relying on good luck and hoping either to come up with the next innovation or for the product to function according to its requirements. This article builds on the author’s years of experience in building businesses and transforming medium and large-sized, entrepreneurial technology firms, leading large-scale breakthrough and sustained performance improvements by using and evolving Lean Six Sigma methodologies, and reviews of technology innovation management and entrepreneurship literature. This article provides a process-based perspective to understanding and addressing the issues on balancing mainstream exploitation and new-stream exploration in medium and large-sized entrepreneurial firms and extending it to startups. The resulting capability is known as process ambidexterity and requires disciplined, agile, and lean business management. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 21-27 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/547 %N 4 %1 Sonia Bot is a business executive who specializes in strategy and business execution for technology innovation and corporate entrepreneurship ventures. She has extensive experience in the high-tech industry, including business transformation and strategy, product management and delivery, and new venture creation within multinational technology companies. Her work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/547 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Process Ambidexterity for IT Entrepreneurship %A Sonia D. Bot %A Paul E. Renaud %K business demand %K business value chains %K exploitation %K exploration %K IT %K IT supply %K process ambidexterity %X All firms use information technology (IT). Larger firms have information technology organizations whose business function is to supply and manage IT infrastructure and applications to support business needs for IT. While some firms have chosen to outsource the IT function, the majority rely on an internal IT organization that is focused on running the IT infrastructure and optimizing IT operations and applications by exploiting technology improvements over time. Most IT organizations have little capacity to carry out transformational initiatives because they are focused on incremental improvements needed to run the business. As the global economy contracts, growing cost pressure on firms escalates the need for the IT function to behave in a more entrepreneurial manner that accelerates the availability of new technological solutions to enhance productivity and lower cost of doing business. This article provides a process-based perspective for understanding and addressing an IT function’s ability to implement entrepreneurial practices that better align the IT function to business functions. This is done by developing the capability of process ambidexterity. Improving an IT organization’s entrepreneurial ability results in improved productivity, shorter time to market, and lower operational costs – as validated by recent practice with major firms in the USA. Developing process ambidexterity in the IT function benefits those who govern IT, the executives who lead IT, as well as their peers in the business functions that depend on IT. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 16-22 %8 08/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/596 %N 8 %1 Sonia Bot is an entrepreneurial-minded executive and strategic thinker with extensive experience in technology innovation and global business management. She specializes in new venture creation, product management and delivery, business transformation and strategy, and leading organizational change. She is an accomplished industry presenter, author of numerous peer-reviewed articles, and industry executive member of the Technology Innovation Management Council at Carleton University. Ms. Bot currently provides consulting services by partnering with executives and entrepreneurs of small-to-medium enterprises and large entrepreneurial companies to assist in building, growing, and transforming new ventures and to solve wicked business problems. Her prior work experience includes Research In Motion, Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, IBM, and TransCanada Pipelines. She holds degrees in Computer Science with Systems Design / Electrical Engineering (BMath) from the University of Waterloo and Biomedical Engineering (MASc) from the University of Toronto, and she is a certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. %2 The Lanigan Group Paul Renaud is Chief Executive of The Lanigan Group, which specializes in customer-driven product strategy and business-aligned IT service delivery. He is an advisor to CEOs, CTOs, and CIOs in the technology community and he is a member of industry advisory boards, including Queen’s University’s Innovation Council for the School of Computing and Ubiquity’s Chairman’s Advisory Board prior to its acquisition by Avaya. His previous roles include VP Business Intelligence Development at Cognos, Director of Computing & Networking and the Advanced Computing Research Lab at Bell Northern Research, Director of Nortel’s Public Network Switching Capacity program and Chief Architect at SHL Systemhouse. Mr. Renaud authored Introduction to Client/Server Systems, which was published in four languages and widely used as a university textbook. He has a BSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Queens University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/596 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Q&A. What Are the Long-Term Effects of Open Source? %A Carlo Daffara %K code quality %K collaboration %K growth %K open source %K open standards %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 29-30 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/514 %N 1 %1 Conecta Carlo Daffara is head of research at Conecta, an open source consulting company. He is the Italian member of the European Working Group on Libre Software, chairs several other working groups, including the Open Source Middleware Group of the IEEE Technical Committee on Scalable Computing and the Internet Society Working Group on Public Software, and contributed to the article presented by ISOC to UNESCO on global trends for universal access to information resources. His current research activity is centered on the sustainability of business models for open source software. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/514 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Q&A. What Does a Global Startup Need to Know to Enter China? %A Sara Rauchwerger %K born global %K China %K globalization %K internationalization %K market entry %K market research %K startup %K strategy %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 41-45 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/628 %N 11 %1 Chamber of Commerce International Consortium for Entrepreneurs Sara Rauchwerger is the Founder and Director of the Chamber of Commerce International Consortium for Entrepreneurs (CCICE), an organization that connects entrepreneurs globally. She is also the Founder and Managing Director of BG Strategy, a leading global market entry services company, specializing in helping clients enter global markets including industry-specific investment opportunities. Ms. Rauchwerger brings over 20 years of business development and business strategy experience from both private enterprises and government contracts from various telecommunications, aerospace, and information technology companies. She has helped companies extend globally and has particular expertise in the Chinese market. Ms. Rauchwerger participates regularly as a speaker presenting globally, at board meetings, investor pitches, lectures, conferences, forums, university lectures, and other events. She holds an MBA Degree in International Business from the Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France, and a BS Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from San Jose State University, California. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/628 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Q&A. What Is Customer Value and How Do You Deliver It? %A Aparna Shanker %K customer feedback %K customer value %K market orientation %K value proposition %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 32-33 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/525 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Aparna Shanker is a customer applications engineer with Alcatel-Lucent in Ottawa, where her job focus is on IP networks and the 4G LTE Evolved Packet Core. She is also currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Her research interests include open source businesses and customer value management. She holds an undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering from Queen's University, Kingston. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/525 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Q&A. What Is the Secret of Red Hat's Success? %A Ruth Suehle %K collaboration %K community %K innovation %K open source %K Red Hat %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 25-28 %8 01/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/513 %N 1 %1 Red Hat Ruth Suehle is a writer and editor in Brand Communications + Design at Red Hat. Previously an editor for Red Hat Magazine, Ruth helps to lead discussions about the open source way in the Life channel of opensource.com. She holds a BA in Journalism and Public Relations from the University of South Carolina-Columbia and has over 10 years' experience in content development roles, primarily in the technology sector. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/513 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Real-Time Mobile Communication of Power Requirements for Electric Vehicles %A Derek Smith %K disruptive innovation %K electric utilities %K electric vehicles %K high-power devices %K mobile communication %K power grids %K power requirements %K telecommunications %X The periodic power requirements of an electric vehicle are difficult to predict because the vehicle's location, the amount of charge remaining in its batteries, and the timing of its next charge are not known. For clusters of electric vehicles, the problem is magnified, and there is a risk that the demand will strain and overload a power utility’s infrastructure. Operational managers are left with reactive management of the infrastructure that may defer or prevent a vehicle charge to balance power demands and safeguard the infrastructure. In this article, the following key concepts are analyzed to provide background on the problem and to outline the requirements of any solution: i) demand uncertainty and reactive management approaches, ii) electric vehicle power requirements, and iii) demand-management telecommunication capabilities. Then, by abstraction, induction, and creative synthesis, a novel solution to the problem is proposed to provide real-time mobile communication of power requirements. The proposed solution has potential to create new service and business opportunities to managers and entrepreneurs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 22-27 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/637 %N 12 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the Founder and Principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an Intellectual Property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses to navigate and grow their international patent portfolios. Derek has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. His role at Husky included working with international counsel to resolve oppositions before the European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Prior to entering the field of IP, Derek was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/637 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Renewing the Future: Social Innovation Systems, Sector Shift, and Innoweave %A Stephen Huddart %K community sector %K social innovation %K social innovation systems %X Against a backdrop of various “occupy” movements signifying civic dissatisfaction with the social contract, and in an era of fiscal restraint affecting governments and communities in many parts of the world, we need new and more effective ways to address complex social challenges. While continuous innovation is commonly understood to be a source of growth, productivity improvement, and competitive advantage in the technology and manufacturing sectors, the author’s focus is on social innovation systems, designed to replace maladaptive institutions and obsolete policy frameworks with novel and disruptive means for improving outcomes on issues such as population health and climate change. This article proposes a definition of such systems, and examines how system-level tools including impact investing, open data platforms, and “change labs” are fostering collaboration among the private, public, and community sectors. We argue that a key priority at this time is to make these and other tools and processes for social innovation available to community organizations and their government and business partners everywhere, in a manner that allows for continuous cycles of implementation and learning. The author describes one such project currently being developed in Canada by Social Innovation Generation and other partners, called Innoweave. Innoweave is a technology-enabled social innovation system for sharing the tools and processes of social innovation with the community sector. The article concludes with a call for multi-sectoral participation in social innovation systems as an investment in society’s adaptive capacity and future wellbeing. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-9 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/574 %N 7 %1 The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation Stephen Huddart is the President and CEO of The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation in Montreal, where he has worked for the past nine years. The Foundation's mission is to engage Canadians in building a society that is inclusive, sustainable and resilient. Stephen's past endeavours include documentary filmmaking in Latin America, owning and operating a jazz cafe in Vancouver, and working as a humane educator with the British Columbia SPCA. He serves on the boards of ArtsSmarts, Philanthropic Foundations Canada, and the McGill Faculty of Religious Studies. He has a Masters Degree in Management from McGill University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/574 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Results-Based Organization Design for Technology Entrepreneurs %A Chris McPhee %K design principles %K logic model %K organization design %K performance management %K results-based management %K technology entrepreneurship %X Faced with considerable uncertainty, entrepreneurs would benefit from clearly defined objectives, a plan to achieve these objectives (including a reasonable expectation that this plan will work), as well as a means to measure progress and make requisite course corrections. In this article, the author combines the benefits of results-based management with the benefits of organization design to describe a practical approach that technology entrepreneurs can use to design their organizations so that they deliver desired outcomes. This approach links insights from theory and practice, builds logical connections between entrepreneurial activities and desired outcomes, and measures progress toward those outcomes. This approach also provides a mechanism for entrepreneurs to make continual adjustments and improvements to their design and direction in response to data, customer and stakeholder feedback, and changes in their business environment. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 10-17 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/554 %N 5 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content-development roles on science-education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/554 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T The Role of Universities in Technology Entrepreneurship %A Jonathan Wells %K business parks %K economic development %K entrepreneurship %K intellectual property %K research %K spinoffs %K universities %X This article discusses the role that universities play in the process of technology entrepreneurship, where entrepreneurship is restricted to the process of launching and supporting small and medium-sized technology-based businesses. The article briefly discusses a few of the issues that influence a university’s participation in the process of entrepreneurship. Although there is no “one-size-fits-all” model, the article discusses various ways that Canadian universities may help entrepreneurs, including contract research, the provision of business parks, and sensible handling of intellectual property issues. Finally, the article suggests that the return on “investment”, for both the university and the province, is a difficult thing to measure – nevertheless, participation in the entrepreneurship process may result in some tangible and intangible benefits for both parties. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 35-40 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/549 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Jonathan Wells is Executive Director, Research Centre in Technology Innovation, at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Jonathan comes from a background of software engineering, with experience in all sizes of high-tech business, from very small startups upwards to large multinationals. He founded and ran a small software development and consultancy business for several years and subsequently worked as a project manager for HP software development teams in New Zealand, later holding the position of CIO for the Meat Inspection Branch of the NZ Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Jonathan has an undergraduate degree in Physics and Computer Science and holds an MBA from the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/549 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Simulation of Supply-Chain Networks: A Source of Innovation and Competitive Advantage for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises %A Giacomo Liotta %K competitive advantage %K innovation %K simulation %K small and medium-sized enterprises %K SME %K supply-chain network %X On a daily basis, enterprises of all sizes cope with the turbulence and volatility of market demands, cost variability, and severe pressure from globally distributed competitors. Managing uncertainty about future demand requirements and volumes in supply-chain networks has become a priority. One of the ways to deal with uncertainty is the utilization of simulation techniques and tools, which provide greater predictability of decision-making outcomes. For example, simulation has been widely applied in decision-making processes related to global logistics and production networks at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels, where it is used to predict the impact of decisions before their implementation in complex and uncertain environments. Large enterprises are inclined to use simulation tools whereas small and medium-sized enterprises seem to underestimate its advantages. The objective of this article is to emphasize the relevance of simulation for the design and management of supply-chain networks from the perspective of small and medium-sized firms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 13-20 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/625 %N 11 %1 University of Southern Denmark Giacomo Liotta is Assistant Professor in the Institute of Technology and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark. His research interests concern sustainability and innovation in supply-chain networks, including the simulation of networked logistics-production systems as well as product-lifecycle management. He received a PhD in Economics and Management Engineering at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; he also holds MBA, MSc, and BSc degrees in Management and Industrial Engineering from this university. His current teaching activities focus on the design of global supply-chain networks and environmental issues related to their design and implementation. Dr. Liotta is author of more than 20 papers published in international journals, books, and conference proceedings. He has been involved in national and European co-funded research and development projects. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/625 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T A Small-Firm Perspective on the Benefits of Living Labs %A Veli-Pekka Niitamo %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K energy efficiency %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K managerial challenges %K Open innovation %K User-driven %X Decreasing energy consumption is a global priority and the energy market is in constant change. The search for energy-saving innovations provides an opportunity to initiate a user-centered approach using the living labs model. This article describes how Process Vision, a small-yet-leading Northern European provider of energy IT systems, applied the livings labs approach to develop novel energy-efficiency management solutions. We discuss the company’s participation in the APOLLON consortium, a cross-border living labs initiative on energy efficiency. More specifically, we describe the Finland-based company’s experiences of a pilot project launched in the living lab and report on the perceived managerial challenges of applying the living labs approach from the perspective of a small firm. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 44-49 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/608 %N 9 %1 University of Ulster Veli-Pekka Niitamo, M.Sc. (Eng.&Eco.), M.A (eq. Applied Psychology), is a Visiting Professor in Innovation Management at the University of Ulster. He also holds business position as a senior advisor to Process Vision, and is the Director of the national export cluster Future Learning Finland. Veli-Pekka was the first Chairman of European Living Lab Group 2006-2009 (now known as EnoLL). He has served several global executive roles at the United Nations Secretariat in New York, Jaakko Pöyry Consulting in London, and the Nokia Corporation in Espoo and Amsterdam. In addition, he serves as a research director at Aalto University and was a visiting scientist at Leiden University and teacher at Helsinki University. He also sits on several living labs/innovation centre boards. %2 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.) is an Assistant Professor at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %3 Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the Aalto University School of Business in Finland. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects relating to ICT. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/608 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Social Entrepreneurship: Definition and Boundaries %A Samer Abu-Saifan %K social enterprise %K social entrepreneur %K social entrepreneurship %X While individuals may be publicly recognized as social entrepreneurs for their contributions to improve the welfare of communities, the field of social entrepreneurship continues to struggle to gain academic legitimacy. Social entrepreneurship is a term in search of a good definition. The current use of the term seems vague and limitless; it needs boundaries to demarcate its function. The lack of a common definition hinders research and raises questions about which social or profit-making activities fall within the spectrum of social entrepreneurship. To become an important stream in the entrepreneurship literature, social entrepreneurship needs to be properly defined and it requires a theoretical framework that links it to the theory of entrepreneurship. This article builds on the literature to define social entrepreneurship, discusses the boundaries of socially-oriented entrepreneurial activities, and positions the social entrepreneur in the spectrum of entrepreneurship. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 22-27 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/523 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Samer (Sam) Abu-Saifan is the Head of Information Technology for Street Haven at the Crossroads, a not-for-profit organization in Toronto. With over 15 years of experience managing complex technology environments, Sam has held positions in business development, change management, and innovation management. He received a BS in Computer Information Systems from Amman University, Jordan, and a Business Management Certificate from Ryerson University, Toronto. Currently, he is pursuing a Master’s degree in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University, Ottawa. In 2011, Sam founded Autism Ottawa (Ottism), a social purpose business that will use innovative technologies to deliver educational services to children and families living with autism. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/523 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Structuring User Involvement in Panel-Based Living Labs %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Lieven De Marez %K customer characteristics %K living labs %K Open innovation %K user panels %K user-driven innovation %X A shift towards open innovation approaches with systematic user involvement has occurred within media and ICT. One of the emerging frameworks structuring these initiatives is the "living lab" approach. Despite the growing evidence of the beneficial nature of customer involvement in product development, research into specific user characteristics for innovation is still scarce, particularly in living labs, with the notable exception of literature on lead users. Especially within the context of living labs for ICT and media innovation, an application of the lead-user framework looks promising as a way to structure and facilitate user involvement. This article is based on the experiences of three Flemish living lab initiatives with a panel-based approach and provides a customer characteristics framework that guides user involvement in living labs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 31-38 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/606 %N 9 %1 Ghent University Dimitri Schuurman is a PhD Candidate at Ghent University, where he started working for the MICT (Media & ICT) research group at in November 2005 and received a position as a principal living lab researcher for IBBT-iLab.o in the Mediatuin and LeYLab living labs in 2010. Dimitri's research mainly involves methods for ICT innovation. He focuses on the ways the user can be involved within various innovation methods and techniques (lead user methodology, Living Labs, panel studies), and especially which users to use at what stage within the innovation process, rather than simply involving "the user". Furthermore, he devotes special attention to the specific role of media content within the process of adoption and diffusion of ICTs. %2 Ghent University Lieven De Marez is Research Director at MICT and teaches innovation research and new communication technologies at the department of Communication Sciences in Ghent University. Previously, he worked as a research assistant on methodology and statistics at the Department of Communication Sciences of Ghent University after obtaining his Master’s degree in Communication Sciences (1999) and Marketing (2000). Through his subsequent PhD research, he developed a segmentation-forecasting tool for prior-to-launch prediction of adoption potential and created a blueprint for better introduction strategies for ICT innovations in today’s volatile market environment. Within the interdisciplinary institute for BroadBand Technology (IBBT), of which MICT is one of the 16 research groups, Lieven is also part of the management team of iLab.o, IBBT’s facilitating infrastructure for Living Lab research. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/606 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects %A Tony Bailetti %K entrepreneurs %K entrepreneurship %K technology entrepreneurs %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technology entrepreneurship lies at the heart of many important debates, including those around launching and growing firms, regional economic development, selecting the appropriate stakeholders to take ideas to markets, and educating managers, engineers, and scientists. Unless a generally accepted definition of technology entrepreneurship is established, however, these debates lose their focus. The purpose of this article is to identify the themes that dominate the technology entrepreneurship literature, provide a definition of technology entrepreneurship, and identify its distinguishing aspects relative to economics, entrepreneurship, and management. The author argues that technology entrepreneurship is an investment in a project that assembles and deploys specialized individuals and heterogeneous assets to create and capture value for the firm. What distinguishes technology entrepreneurship from other entrepreneurship types (e.g., social entrepreneurship, small business management, and self-employment) is the collaborative experimentation and production of new products, assets, and their attributes, which are intricately related to advances in scientific and technological knowledge and the firm’s asset ownership rights. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-12 %8 02/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/520 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/520 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series - 29 Lessons Learned in Entrepreneurship %A Wes Biggs %K entrepreneurship %K lessons learned %K startups %K strategy %K technology %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 46-48 %8 11/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/629 %N 11 %1 Triacta Power Technologies Wes Biggs is a technology company veteran with over 30 years of experience in established technology companies such as Nortel, Mitel, and Newbridge plus several startups along the way. He has learned many lessons both as an engineer and as a founder/executive. Wes joined Triacta Power Technologies as the VP of Engineering & Operations in 2003 and is now President and CEO. Prior to joining Triacta, Wes was co-founder, President, and CEO of Meriton Networks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/629 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series - Born Global: A Pharmaceutical Startup Perspective %A Louis R. Lamontagne %K born global %K entrepreneurship %K globalization %K internationalization %K pharmaceutical %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 50-53 %8 09/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/609 %N 9 %1 LTL Global Innovations and Management Louis Lamontagne is the President and CEO of LTL Global Innovations and Management, Inc., which he founded in 2009. LTL Global Innovations and its wholly-owned subsidiary LTL Global BioEnergy Corp. are primarily focused on the development and commercialization of renewable and sustainable co-generation of combined heat and power (CHP) modular technologies using biomass as fuel. He was recently appointed as Global Practice Lead for the Life Sciences in Canada by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) and is interim CEO of Alztech, a USA based biopharma company focused on the development of novel therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease. Dr. Lamontagne formerly served on the Board of Canada’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) (and is a member of the Council’s Committee on Research Partnerships), the Board of Governors of Algonquin College, the Board of Directors of the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) representing the Ottawa Hospital, the Riverside Hospital, the Civic Hospital, the Children’s Hospital for Eastern Ontario, and the Heart Institute. He is also on a Board of Advisors for the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation, comprising of the Canada Food and Agriculture Museum, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, and the Canada Science and Technology Museum. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/609 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series - Growing a Global Company Anchored on Open Source Software %A Fred Dixon %K BigBlueButton %K entrepreneurship %K global company %K licenses %K open source %K startup %K web conferencing %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 38-40 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/619 %N 10 %1 Blindside Networks Fred Dixon is CEO of Blindside Networks. He is a serial entrepreneur, having been CEO of two previous companies: Databeacon (acquired by Cognos in 2004) and OpenLava software. In 2003, he was selected as one of Ottawa's "Top 40 under 40" executives by the Ottawa Business Journal. In 1992, he earned a Bachelor of Mathematics from the University of Waterloo. He proudly wears his developer hat when communicating with other members in the BigBlueButton community. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/619 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series – Intellectual Property Paradigms for Global Business %A Gordon Freedman %K global business %K intellectual property %K IP %K patents %K strategy %K trademarks %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 43-45 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/638 %N 12 %1 Freedman & Associates Gordon Freedman is an entrepreneur, lawyer, and patent and trademark agent registered to practice before the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. With clients ranging from early-stage technology startups to Fortune 500 companies, he brings a business-centric approach to patents and patent enforcement. Gordon honed his business acumen by founding, growing, and selling a high-tech startup; his blend of business skill and intellectual property expertise make him a unique resource. He has particular technical expertise in electronics, including semiconductor manufacturing, semiconductor circuit design, miniaturization, communications, transducer systems and information technology, including software, consumer electronics, security, image processing, and communications. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/638 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series: Leadership Position in Technology Entrepreneurship and Commercialization %A TIM Program %K commercialization %K global entrepreneurship %K leadership %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 49-53 %8 06/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/569 %N 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/569 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series: Next-Generation Technology Challenges and Business Opportunities %A Dave Thomas %K business opportunities %K future of technology %K next-generation technology %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 35-37 %8 05/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/558 %N 5 %1 Bedarra Research Labs Dave Thomas has a wide spectrum of experience in the software industry as an engineer, consultant, architect, executive and investor (davethomas.net). He is the Founder and Chairman of Bedarra Research Labs (bedarra.com), a company specializing in emerging software technologies and applications. Bedarra provides virtual CTO and CEO, as well as directors, advisers, and business mentors to support new initiatives. He is also the Managing Director of Object Mentor (objectmentor.com), a company specializing in the training and deployment of agile and object-oriented software development methodologies. Dave is best known as the founder and past CEO of Object Technology International Inc. (formerly OTI, now IBM OTI Labs), where he led the commercial introduction of object and component technology. The company is often cited as the ideal model of a software technology company and was a pioneer in agile product development with a process called "just-in-time software". %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/558 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series - TELUS in Health: Improving Health Outcomes for All Canadians %A Giovanni Pizzoferrato %K healthcare %K mobile applications %K pharmacy %K remote patient monitoring %K TELUS %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 42-45 %8 07/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/581 %N 7 %1 TELUS Giovanni Pizzoferrato is a seasoned telecom leader with over 10 years of experience building Wire Line and Wireless Networks across Canada. Giovanni is currently focusing on the mHealth application platforms at TELUS to enable mobile health in Canada. Giovanni also has built and led numerous successful engineering teams at TELUS. Giovanni was also responsible for the TELUS National Labs team, which built national standard development environments for all of TELUS products and services. Giovanni was also an influential leader in the Innovation Centre Program and the Graduate Engineering Program at TELUS. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/581 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series: The Business of Mobile Apps %A Brian Hurley %K apps %K mobile applications %K smartphones %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 32-34 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/537 %N 3 %1 Purple Forge Brian Hurley is an entrepreneurial leader with over 25 years of experience in building strong teams, innovative products, and international businesses. Brian is currently CEO of Purple Forge which he founded in 2008. He founded Liquid Computing in 2003 and, as its CEO, raised over $44M in venture financing, built a world-class team, delivered an award winning product to market, and won initial sales. Brian has built and led numerous successful business teams at Nortel, Bell-Northern Research, and Microtel Pacific Research. Brian is the best-selling author of "A Small Business Guide to Doing Big Business on the Internet". Brian graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Engineering. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/537 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T TIM Lecture Series: The Importance of Dealing with Risk for New Businesses %A Tony Lackey %K insurance %K risk management %K startups %K technology entrepreneurship %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 41-43 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/550 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Tony Lackey is Manager of Risk and Insurance at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he also lectures in the Sprott School of Business. Prior to coming to Carleton, he spent over 18 years in the general insurance industry, the last four of which in the role of Regional Claims Manager at a large Canadian mutual insurance company. Tony also operating an independent consulting business where he offered technical audit services and developed claims systems. He has also held executive positions with several insurance and non-profit organisations. Tony holds a BA from Carleton University and the Certified Risk Manager (CRM) designation. He is also a Fellow of the Global Risk Management Institute and a Fellow Certified Insurance Professional. He is an active member of the Risk and Insurance Managers Society and is Past-President of the Ottawa chapter. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/550 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T To Internationalize Rapidly from Inception: Crowdsource %A Elnaz Heidari %A Mohsen Akhavannia %A Nirosh Kannangara %K born global %K crowdsourcing %K entrepreneurship %K globalization %K internationalization %K startups %X Technology entrepreneurs continuously search for tools to accelerate the internationalization of their startups. For the purpose of internationalizing rapidly from inception, we propose that technology startups use crowdsourcing to internalize the tacit knowledge embodied in members of a crowd distributed across various geographies. For example, a technology startup can outsource to a large crowd the definition of a customer problem that occurs across various geographies, the development of the best solution to the problem, and the identification of attractive business expansion opportunities. In this article, we analyze how three small firms use crowdsourcing, discuss the benefits of crowdsourcing, and offer six recommendations to technology entrepreneurs interested in using crowdsourcing to rapidly internationalize their startups from inception. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 17-21 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/615 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Elnaz Heidari holds a Master of Engineering degree in Technology Innovation Management (TIM) from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Her M.Eng project was based on crowdsourcing and open innovation. She also holds a B.Eng in Rubber Industrial Engineering. Her industrial experience includes working in the R&D department of Pars Vacuum Industries for two years. %2 Carleton University Mohsen Akhavannia is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He is a software engineer with expertise in system analysis and design. He has six years of international work experience including work on projects relating to banking and business-automation systems. %3 Carleton University Nirosh Kannangara is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a B.Eng. in Communications Engineering, also from Carleton University. Nirosh has two years of experience designing software in the fibre optics communication industry and currently works as a Photonics Software Designer at the Ciena Corporation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/615 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Towards More Case Study Research in Entrepreneurship %A Tom Duxbury %K case study research %K CSR %K entrepreneurship %K qualitative methods %K research methods %X Entrepreneurship as an emerging discipline has made good strides, but according to some, has fallen short of bringing its theory and literature up to the standards of others in the management sciences. Rich with the descriptive detail needed for insightful theory building in entrepreneurship, scholars have called for more case study research, particularly those incorporating non-retrospective and longitudinal observations. At the same time however, it has become rare to find such research published in A-level journals dedicated to entrepreneurship. A survey presented here of major entrepreneurship journals over the past six years revealed a publication rate of only 3% using the case study method. This presents a major impediment for developing fresh research in this field based upon the study of real cases. The author explores how the case study method has been applied to entrepreneurship research and provides recommendations for improved publication rates. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 9-17 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/533 %N 3 %1 Sprott School of Business Tom Duxbury is Entrepreneur in Residence at Wesley Clover Technologies, a private equity incubator. He is currently completing his PhD in Management at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, where he teaches courses in entrepreneurship and innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/533 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T User Frustrations as Opportunities %A Michael Weiss %K entrepreneurship %K opportunity development %K user feedback %K user frustrations %K value propositions %X User frustrations are an excellent source of new product ideas. Starting with this observation, this article describes an approach that entrepreneurs can use to discover business opportunities. Opportunity discovery starts with a problem that the user has, but may not be able to articulate. User-centered design techniques can help elicit those latent needs. The entrepreneur should then try to understand how users are solving their problem today, before proposing a solution that draws on the unique skills and technical capabilities available to the entrepreneur. Finally, an in-depth understanding of the user allows the entrepreneur to hone in on the points of difference and resonance that are the foundation of a strong customer value proposition. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %V 2 %P 17-20 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/546 %N 4 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and he is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source business models, collective innovation, mashups and end-user development, product line engineering, and business patterns. Michael has published over 100 papers in conferences and journals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/546 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Using Social Media to Accelerate the Internationalization of Startups from Inception %A Tony Maltby %K born global %K entrepreneurship %K globalization %K internationalization %K rapid internationalization %K social media %K startups %K tacit knowledge %K technology startup %X A set of principles, processes, and tools that entrepreneurs can use to rapidly internationalize their technology startups from inception does not exist. This article discusses entrepreneurs’ use of online social media networks to rapidly internationalize their startups from inception. The article was inspired by how the founders of Dewak S.A. rapidly internationalized their technology startup. Dewak was founded by five unemployed Colombians in June 2008. Two years later, foreign sales comprised 95% of the firm’s revenue and provided the founders with full-time employment. Dewak’s only channel to market was via online social media networks. Recognizing that entrepreneurs can use social media to amplify their tacit knowledge and convert it into sellable products and services contributes to the development of a learning-based view of rapid internationalization from inception. The article provides entrepreneurs seeking to launch and grow global businesses with four recommendations that may save them time and money and increase the size of their addressable markets. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 22-26 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/616 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Tony Maltby is a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is developing his latest entrepreneurial venture. His research interests relate to the application of gamified platforms, social media, and open source concepts to support the global business ecosystem. He is an experienced communicator with a multi-disciplinary perspective. He received his BA in Anthropology from Carleton University in 2002 where he studied the formation and interaction of online communities. From 2006 to 2011, Tony lived in China studying the certification process of the Chinese university education system. Having been the founder of several technology companies and an entrepreneur since very early in his career, Tony now has more than 25 years of entrepreneurial experience. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/616 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T What Technology Startups Must Get Right to Globalize Early and Rapidly %A Tony Bailetti %K born global %K effectuation logic %K entrepreneurs %K entrepreneurship %K global startups %K globalization %K gradual internationalization %K internalization %K international new ventures %K internationalization %K multinational %K rapid internationalization %K startups %X Upon or shortly after inception, growth-oriented technology startups must operate in a market that is global. Management teams and investors of technology startups can benefit from approaches and models that can help them operate in a global market early and rapidly. How well a technology startup addresses the realities of globalization will determine its success. A better understanding of what management teams and investors of technology startups must get right to globalize their startups is needed. This article is an attempt to meet this need. In this article, lessons that have been extracted from six literature streams and from information on 21 startups founded in 12 countries are used to identify the six elements that a startup must get right to globalize early and rapidly. These six elements are: i) Problem scope, ii) Stakeholders’ commitments, iii) Collaborative entrepreneurship, iv) Relational capital, v) Legitimacy, and vi) Global capability. The main contribution of this article is that it throws the spotlight on the need to develop prescriptive rules and practitioner-oriented models that can help a technology startup operate globally from an early stage. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 5-16 %8 10/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/614 %N 10 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/614 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Acquisition Integration Models: How Large Companies Successfully Integrate Startups %A Peter Carbone %K Acquisitions %K Company Integration %K Competitive M&A %K Mergers %X Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been popular means for many companies to address the increasing pace and level of competition that they face. Large companies have pursued acquisitions to more quickly access technology, markets, and customers, and this approach has always been a viable exit strategy for startups. However, not all deals deliver the anticipated benefits, in large part due to poor integration of the acquired assets into the acquiring company. Integration can greatly impact the success of the acquisition and, indeed, the combined company’s overall market success. In this article, I explore the implementation of several integration models that have been put into place by a large company and extract principles that may assist negotiating parties with maximizing success. This perspective may also be of interest to smaller companies as they explore exit options while trying to ensure continued market success after acquisition. I assert that business success with acquisitions is dependent on an appropriate integration model, but that asset integration is not formulaic. Any integration effort must consider the specific market context and personnel involved. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 26-31 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/490 %N 1 %1 Peter Carbone is a successful executive known for his thought leadership, business acumen, and technology leadership. He is often called on to address new business and technology challenges. Peter is a pathfinder with a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has held CTO, R&D, and senior business positions in several high-tech companies, and he has led or been directly involved with several technology company acquisitions. Peter has been engaged as technical advisor to startups, is part of the faculty of an entrepreneur development program that has created >100 new companies, and has been on the boards of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and Coral CEA. He is past Vice-Chair of the Executive Committee of the Information Technology Association of Canada (ITAC) and Chair of an ITAC committee, which is focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada’s Knowledge Economy. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/490 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Anystone Technologies: Lessons from the First Year of a Mobile Applications Startup %A Tony Wacheski %X The astounding growth of the mobile sector has attracted the attention of many entrepreneurs, particularly when combined with its low market-entry cost for developers and growing list of enviable success stories. For anyone with a mobile application to sell, Apple's App Store and the Android Market provide easy access to the world market. However, this market accessibility and endless opportunities increase competition and challenge the entrepreneur to stay focused. This article presents some initial observations and experiences from the first year of Anystone Technologies, a mobile applications startup, as it faced the challenges of starting a new business in this attractive but highly competitive sector. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/464 %N August 2011 %9 Articles %1 Anystone Technologies Tony Wacheski is CEO of Anystone Technologies, a mobile applications company based in Ottawa, Canada, which creates innovative and engaging mobile applications that make a positive difference in people's lives. Tony is an experienced technical leader with a unique combination of technical, business, and people savvy and experience in a diverse set of roles. He has built and led numerous successful product development teams at Nortel and Bell Northern Research. Tony holds a Bachelor of Applied Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Windsor. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Benefits of the Community for Partners of Open Source Vendors %A Sandro Groganz %X Open source vendors can benefit from business ecosystems that form around their products. Partners of such vendors can utilize this ecosystem for their own business benefit by understanding the structure of the ecosystem, the key actors and their relationships, and the main levers of profitability. This article provides information on all of these aspects and identifies common business scenarios for partners of open source vendors. Armed with this information, partners can select a strategy that allows them to participate in the ecosystem while also maximizing their gains and driving adoption of their product or solution in the marketplace. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/463 %N August 2011 %9 Articles %1 Age of Peers Age of Peers co-founder Sandro Groganz is an expert in the field of open source marketing. He started Initmarketing, the Open Source Marketing Agency, which subsequently merged into Age of Peers. He served as Vice President of Marketing at Mindquarry, an open source startup financed by Hasso Plattner Ventures, and Vice President of Communication at eZ Systems, the creator of the open source content management system eZ Publish. Groganz also has a solid background as a PHP developer, consultant, and author, and he has contributed to a number of books on LAMP programming. For more information, visit www.ageofpeers.com or his weblog at http://sandro.groganz.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Best Practices in Multi-Vendor Open Source Communities %A Ian Skerrett %X Multi-vendor open source communities enable companies to lower development costs and gain access to wider addressable markets. This article describes best practices for companies considering this approach. First, the different types of open source business strategies are examined along the types of participants that contribute to the communities that support them. Next, five best practices are detailed to show how companies can maximize their engagement with open source communities. Finally, the importance of foundations in implementing multi-vendor open source communities is discussed. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/409 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 Eclipse Foundation Ian Skerrett is the Director of Marketing at the Eclipse Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation supporting the Eclipse open source community and commercial ecosystem. He is responsible for implementing programs that raise awareness of the Eclipse open source project and grow the overall Eclipse community. Ian has been working in the software industry for over 20 years. He has held a variety of product management and product marketing positions with Cognos, Object Technology International, IBM, Entrust, and Klocwork. He graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Computer Science and has an MBA from McGill. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Beyond Technology: Enabling Communities Through Social Interoperability %A Tyler Mitchell %X Technical interoperability between open source software projects is increasingly common. Applications that were designed to communicate effectively with other applications are more robust and give users the freedom to combine them with other applications that were built to interoperable specifications. Projects such as Apache, Linux, and other development platforms, have helped fuel this move to interoperability in unique ways, including the capability of building further applications upon their foundations. They also encouraged the development of new communities and ecosystems of users and developers. The OSGeo Foundation has taken advantage of these powerful open source platforms with several open source projects focusing on technological interoperability. However, there is also significant social interoperability taking place within the organization. What seem to start as ad hoc communities, in turn, create further opportunities for both social and technological advances. This article uses OSGeo as a case study to show that, when individuals contribute to the community and join together with other likeminded members, new technology and relationships pave the way to further innovation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/462 %N August 2011 %9 Articles %1 OSGeo Tyler Mitchell is the Executive Director of OSGeo. He is also the author of Web Mapping Illustrated: Using Open Source GIS Toolkits. He has 15 years of GIS experience, much of which involved open source technologies. He can be found speaking at open source and geospatial events around the world and is dedicated to introducing great tools to great people. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Building an Infrastructure to Support Women Founders: Lead to Win for Women %A Janice Singer %A Deborah Dexter %X This article describes a new program, Lead to Win for Women (LTW-W), created in Canada's Capital Region to dramatically increase the number of women-founded businesses and to help existing businesses grow substantially. This new program is based on the existing Lead to Win program (http://leadtowin.ca). LTW-W has four program elements. First, there is a session to help women foster ideas to launch and grow businesses. Second, there is an expert speaker series that encourages the development of practical knowledge for businesses. Third, there is a forum for owners of established firms. Fourth, there is an outreach program for college women to encourage them to start businesses. In this article, we briefly describe some existing programs to support women founders in Canada and abroad. Next, we outline the founding principles of LTW-W and describe the program in detail. Finally, we conclude with a description of the program's next steps. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/455 %N July 2011 %9 Articles %1 National Research Council of Canada Janice Singer is an Industrial Technology Advisor (ITA) for the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) in Ottawa. Prior to becoming an ITA, Janice was a software engineering researcher with the Institute for Information Technology of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). Janice's research focused on improving productivity for software engineering teams and user experience. During her research tenure, Janice collaborated with multiple industrial and university partners including IBM, Microsoft, Mitel, Nortel, Bell Canada, and several local SMEs. She is an adjunct professor with both the University of Victoria School of Computer Science and University of Ottawa School of Information Technology and Engineering. Janice holds a B.Sc. in Cognitive Science from University of California, San Diego, and a Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh. Before the NRC, she held positions at Tektronix, Xerox PARC, and IBM. %2 National Research Council of Canada Deborah Dexter is an Industrial Technology Advisor (ITA) for the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) in Gatineau, Québec since January 2010. Prior to that, Deborah worked in the private sector and has over 20 years of experience in the software tools and systems business in the aerospace and defense, security, and telecommunications markets. Her experience in these areas is extensive, and she has worked for and consulted to a wide range of product and systems companies, both small and large. She has expertise in technical sales, business development, marketing, and business planning activities. She has a technical background, with a BMath in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo in Canada. She also holds a Minor degree in French and is very comfortable working in both of Canada's official languages. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Business Ecosystems as Institutions of Participation: A Systems Perspective on Community-Developed Platforms %A Steven Muegge %K architecture of participation %K business ecosystem %K community-developed platform %K institutional analysis and design (IAD) %K meritocratic developer community %X This article introduces a systems perspective on community-developed platforms and the institutions that structure participation by individuals and companies. It brings together the past research about technology platforms, company participation in business ecosystems, and individual participation in developer communities, and links these codependent subsystems through resource flows, interconnected institutional arrangements, and shared governance. To achieve this synthesis, it draws on conceptual arguments from a broad range of sources, including Elinor Ostrom's research program on the economics of sustainable commons governance, Tim O'Reilly's practitioner essays about the architecture of participation, and prior management research on modularity and design, resource dependence, and systems thinking. The resulting “systems of systems” perspective is parsimonious and insightful for entrepreneurs, managers, and community leaders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 4-13 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/495 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, entrepreneurship around community-developed platforms, and product development. The ideas presented in this article were an outcome of his doctoral research on participation in business ecosystems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/495 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Carleton Entrepreneurs: The First Keystone Off-The-Shelf Application %A Tony Bailetti %A Ludovico Prattico %X In this article, we describe the first application of the Keystone Off-The-Shelf (KOTS) platform. KOTS integrates software applications available under open source licenses with proprietary applications and services offered by small local technology companies, most of which are Carleton University spin-offs. KOTS is the engine behind the website for the Carleton Entrepreneurs program. The goals of this unique program are to: i) strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit at Carleton University; ii) help graduate and senior undergraduate students transform their ideas into compelling opportunities and successful ventures; and iii) share the best opportunities with potential investors, alumni, and friends of Carleton University. KOTS will enable the Carleton Entrepreneurs collective to achieve significant system-level outcomes that are not attainable without the platform. This collective is comprised of students, mentors, internal and external reviewers, top managers of technology university spin-off companies, academics, and friends of Carleton. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/433 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Eric Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program and the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network. His research, teaching, and community contributions support these programs. %2 Carleton University Ludovico Prattico is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His current responsibilities include operations, external content, and overall support of the Carleton Entrepreneurs program and recruiting candidates for the Lead To Win program. Most recently, he worked at Nortel Networks and Bell-Northern Research, where he led the Optical Networks architecture and standards development team, and the high capacity OC-48 hardware team with the responsibility for the development and introduction of the dense wavelength division multiplexing product. Mr. Prattico graduated from McGill University with a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Competition in the Mashup Ecosystem %A Amanda Shiga %X Mashups combine data from multiple sources to create innovative web applications. Data providers gain compelling advantages in offering an open application programming interface (API), but face a competitive environment where growth occurs by virtue of developers' independent choices and where competitors are also complementors. This article explores the nature of competition within the mashup ecosystem by focusing on competitive actions taken by API providers and their link to mashup network structure. The resulting insights help entrants and incumbents refine their competitive strategies within this complex and unique environment. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/418 %N February 2011 %9 Articles %1 non~linear creations Amanda Shiga recently completed the requirements for the Technology Innovation Management Master's program at Carleton University. Her thesis, entitled "Mashup network ecosystem structure: A driving force of competitive actions?" examined competition and network structure in the mashup ecosystem. Prior to her work at Carleton, Amanda received her B.Sc. in Computer Science at the University of Ottawa. Amanda has over 10 years' experience delivering web-based business solutions and currently leads the CMS Practice Area at non~linear creations. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Control and Diversity in Company-led Open Source Projects %A Michael Weiss %X A majority of open source development today is carried out by companies. Building on open source allows companies to focus their development effort on the points of difference over their competitors. This article discusses the recent trend towards collectives of companies that develop shared assets in the form of open source projects, and creates a model for company-led open source projects around two dimensions: the level of control over the project and the diversity of applications derived from the project. The article then explores how the model can be interpreted from a product line engineering perspective. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/436 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Control in Open Source Software Development %A Robert Poole %X In this article, we examine typical fears associated with a perceived loss of control in an open source software development project. We describe various development models, including hybrid models that provide companies with control over key aspects of product development. Finally, a description of control within open source projects illustrates that self-regulating control mechanisms that exist in this model. A better understanding of control as a factor will help companies achieve their for-profit objectives using open source software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/412 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Robert Poole is a Chartered Accountant with 15 years of experience building and deploying business intelligence and social analytic solutions to global enterprises. As a consultant, Robert has provided his expertise to private and public-sector clients including Federal and Regional governments. As an entrepreneur, Robert has created several technology-related companies and has appeared on CNBC's Power Lunch. Robert is also a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Cost Optimization Through Open Source Software %A Mark VonFange %A Dru Lavigne %X The cost of information technology (IT) as a percentage of overall operating and capital expenditures is growing as companies modernize their operations and as IT becomes an increasingly indispensable part of company resources. The price tag associated with IT infrastructure is a heavy one, and, in today's economy, companies need to look for ways to reduce overhead while maintaining quality operations and staying current with technology. With its advancements in availability, usability, functionality, choice, and power, free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) provides a cost-effective means for the modern enterprise to streamline its operations. iXsystems wanted to quantify the benefits associated with the use of open source software at their company headquarters. This article is the outgrowth of our internal analysis of using open source software instead of commercial software in all aspects of company operations. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/408 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 iXsystems Mark VonFange is the Professional Services Manager at iXsystems, providing oversight and coordination of its FreeBSD, PC-BSD, and FreeNAS support and development services. The Professional Services Team provides services ranging from mission critical support to software and firmware development to private consultation. Mark also develops internal and external documentation for division sales and marketing. %2 PC-BSD Project Dru Lavigne is the Director of Community Development for the PC-BSD Project where she leads the documentation team, assists new users, helps to find and fix bugs, and reaches out to members of the open source community to discover their needs. She is the former Managing Editor of the OSBR and author of BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and The Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Creating an Environment That Encourages Women Entrepreneurs %A Roseann O'Reilly Runte %X If women do not participate fully in entrepreneurial activities, we lose half the potential of our society and economic development will be limited. Women who do take on entrepreneurial roles succeed admirably. Thus, their participation is all the more important. This article cites a speech by Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook's COO, in which she offers several reasons for women's lack of participation and leadership. These factors are discussed and several solutions are proposed which could contribute to making the environment of a community more supportive and conducive to the successful participation of women in leadership roles. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/453 %N July 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Dr. Roseann O'Reilly Runte is President and Vice-Chancellor of Carleton University. She is the author of numerous scholarly works in the fields of French and comparative literature. She has written extensively on economic and cultural development, higher education, and the importance of research. In addition, she is a creative writer and has received a prize in poetry from the Académie française. Dr. Runte has been awarded the Order of Canada and the French Order of Merit and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Defining Good Deals in Business Collectives %A Michael Ayukawa %X In the context of a current project at Carleton University to create creating a deal-making platform, this article presents the results of a recent review of the literature to determine: What is a good deal? This is question is asked from the perspective of the stakeholders in the development of a software-based collaboration tool that is designed to help streamline deal development between members. The stakeholders include the creators, the users, and the investors. We answer this question by examining several streams in the literature, all centered on understanding deals and deal-making processes. These streams explore the concept of a win-win deal, how value may be seen differently, and the group processes involved in deal making. A key contribution from this review suggests that deal goodness can be separated based on a Me-We construct: the impact to each and every stakeholder of the deal and the impact to the entire collective (not just the deal stakeholders). This implies one can separate the platform management problem into actor-centric (Me) and linkage-centric (We) domains. This is consistent with the notion of players balancing their self interest with the other stakeholders in the deal (Me-We). This is also consistent with the prospect of managing ecosystem health based on player and network-based metrics. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/434 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and plays an active in several emerging business ecosystem projects, including co-founding Cornerportal Inc., a company that will help bring economic opportunity to more individuals in more communities worldwide. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Developing Silicon IP with Open Source Tools %A Arthur Low %X The electronic design automation (EDA) tool industry is big business, and commercial licenses are extremely expensive. Open standards have driven many proprietary EDA technologies to be publicly released as free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) and some have become IEEE standards. Competition has partly given way to collaboration and has led to these standards. The development path of important EDA tools frequently now employs F/LOSS practices, which have overcome resistance to collaborative innovation between competing businesses. F/LOSS technologies are at the vanguard of leading-edge system-on-chip (SoC) design, not just because they are free, but also because they are valuable. The first commercial integrated circuits (ICs), designed by hand, helped guide manned space flight to the moon on the Apollo missions. In the past decade, silicon IP firms have shown they are limited only by their ideas, not by limited investment opportunities, and SoC firms have shown they can greatly reduce costs while innovating on the development of the largest new IC designs. This high-end technology is made accessible to startups because of open source. It is no longer just for mega-corporations. This article reviews the history of key advances in ICs and EDA tools. The common theme presented in this article for the driver of technology innovation is the requirement to develop the most advanced microprocessor possible. Today, a low-cost, high-value-added business model can efficiently serve the market for IC subsystems licensed as intellectual property (silicon IP) in the form of compilable source code. Alternatively, for larger SoC designs, engineering budgets can be shifted from the purchase of a relatively small number of high-cost EDA tool licenses to open source EDA technologies that can be run on massive compute-server farms. The two business models are not theoretical, but realistic. The author explains how his company (Crack Semiconductor) developed commercially successful cryptographic silicon IP using entirely open source EDA technologies and how another company (SiCortex) pushed the limits of IC design and open source EDA tools by simulating and verifying a massively parallel supercomputer. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/442 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is the founder and Chief Technology Officer of Crack Semiconductor, a supplier of high-performance cryptographic silicon IP used in some of the most demanding security applications. Arthur has worked for a number of IC startups as a Senior IC designer and Architect, and gained much of his fundamental IC design experience with Bell-Northern Research in the early 1990s and with IBM Microelectronics in the late 1990s. Arthur has a BSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alberta and is completing his MSc. degree in Technology Innovation Management in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Economics of Software Product Development Collectives %A Michael Weiss %K collectives %K eclipse %K ecosystem %K product line %K software development %X Where software product development occurs is shifting from single companies to groups or collectives of companies. In this article, we retrace the evolution of how software product development is organized and then offer insights into the economic motivation for collectives, which will be relevant to companies considering joining a software product development collective. Building on the literature on software product line economics, we identify three factors affecting the economics of collectives (level of contribution, number of members, and diversity of use), and develop a model that links those factors to three economic outcomes (time, quality, and cost). This model can be used by potential members when deciding whether or not to join a collective. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 13-18 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/488 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and he is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/488 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Co-Creation (March 2011) %A Chris McPhee %A Marko Seppä %A Stoyan Tanev %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Co-Creation. The articles invited for publication in this special issue of the OSBR were originally presented last September at EBRF 2010, in Nokia, Finland. EBRF - the research forum to understand business in the knowledge society - is the oldest international peer-reviewed business research conference organized annually in Finland. The first EBRF conference was organized in Tampere, Finland in 2001. The grand theme of the 10th anniversary EBRF conference was "Co-Creation as a Way Forward". For this issue of the OSBR, a preliminary subset of EBRF articles were selected by a specifically designed committee of scholars that was asked to nominate EBRF articles fitting the topic of the special issue and providing valuable insights to both scholars and practitioners. We invited the authors to create specialized versions of the papers that were previously published in the EBRF 2010 Conference Proceedings by focusing on the practical relevance of their research for an audience including not only scholars but also business and technology experts. After the submission of the OSBR versions, an additional peer review process was used to select seven articles offering diverse perspectives on co-creation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/422 %N March 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 University of Jyväskylä Marko Seppä is a "serial co-creator". In 1981, at age 16, he co-created an American football club in Finland, and in 1991, he co-created a pioneering VC firm focused on the emerging markets of Russia and the Baltic countries. In 2001, he co-created an ambitious e-business research centre for a pilot of the eEurope programme. He currently serves the University of Jyväskylä as Professor of Growth Venture Creation and works to co-create a global faculty partnership for problems worth solving. He is founding chair of Global Venture Lab Finland, a university consortium that is developing a "distributed business co-creation environment". He is also a co-founder of the Global Venture Lab Network, which is coordinated at UC Berkeley. %3 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Integrative Innovation Management (I2M) Research Unit at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. I2M is a research group operating across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Before joining the I2M unit at SDU in August 2009, Dr. Tanev was a Faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Stoyan Tanev has an MSc. and PhD. in Physics (1995, jointly by the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and the Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France), an MEng. in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Canada), and an MA. (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Canada). His main research interests are in the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation in technology-driven businesses. Dr. Tanev teaches technology innovation, technology marketing, and technology management courses in the MSc. Engineering program "Product Development and Innovation" at the University of Southern Denmark. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Collectives (April 2011) %A Chris McPhee %A Tony Bailetti %X The articles in this issue of the OSBR focus on collectives that harness diversity to produce significant system-level outcomes. These collectives support members that belong to different groups and carry out activities in three different horizons: today's business (Horizon 1), the next generation of emerging businesses (Horizon 2), and the longer-term options out of which the next generation of businesses will arise (Horizon 3). %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/431 %N April 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Eric Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program and the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network. His research, teaching, and community contributions support these programs. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Editorial: Intellectual Property Rights (December 2011) %A Chris McPhee %A Peter Carbone %K intellectual property %K intellectual property rights %K IP %K IPR %K patents %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 3-4 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/500 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Peter Carbone is a successful executive known for his thought leadership, business acumen, and technology leadership. He is often called on to address new business and technology challenges. Peter is a pathfinder with a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has held CTO, R&D, and senior business positions in several high-tech companies, and he has led or been directly involved with several technology company acquisitions. Peter has been engaged as technical advisor to startups, is part of the faculty of an entrepreneur development program that has created >100 new companies, and has been on the boards of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and Coral CEA. He is past Vice-Chair of the Executive Committee of the Information Technology Association of Canada (ITAC) and Chair of an ITAC committee, which is focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada’s Knowledge Economy. Peter is also a member of the Advisory Board and Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/500 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Editorial: Introducing the TIM Review (October 2011) %A Chris McPhee %K editorial %K journal %K TIM Review %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 3-4 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/486 %N 1 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/486 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Miscellany (August 2011) %A Chris McPhee %X For this issue of the OSBR, we issued a general invitation to authors to submit articles on the topics of open source business and the growth of early-stage technology companies. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/460 %N August 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Recent Research (February 2011) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Recent Research. In this issue, the authors report on the findings and relevance of their recent research into open source and the application ecosystems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/415 %N February 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Editorial: Recent Research (November 2011) %A Chris McPhee %K business ecosystems %K entrepreneurship %K innovation %K open source %K policy %K research %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 3-3 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/494 %N 2 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review and is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/494 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (June 2011) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Technology Entrepreneurship. As with our May issue, which shares this theme, we have invited entrepreneurs associated with the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University to share their lessons and insights about growing a technology company during its early stages. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/445 %N June 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Technology Entrepreneurship (May 2011) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Technology Entrepreneurship. We have invited entrepreneurs associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University to share their lessons and insights about growing a technology company during its early stages. The authors represent a range of entrepreneurial experience, from serial entrepreneurs reflecting on battles won and lost, to first-time entrepreneurs describing the early twists and turns of transforming ideas into ventures. What is common to all the articles is the approach to entrepreneurship that is nurtured in the TIM program. The TIM program is a graduate program that distinguishes itself by offering three important benefits to its students: i) a Master's degree by research; ii) opportunities for personal brand development; and iii) practical, real-world experience. In particular, personal brand development and real-world experience are gained by applying the program's lessons and the products of the student's own research to assist early-stage technology companies. If the student is an entrepreneur, they have the added benefit of applying their research and learning to further their own opportunity. In this issue, entrepreneurs from the TIM program share some of the key lessons they have learned. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/438 %N May 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: The Business of Open Source (January 2011) %A Chris McPhee %A Michael Weiss %X An open source business is a business centered around an open source offer. Companies can engage with open source projects in different ways: they can release code as open source and hope to increase the adoption of their solution; they can contribute to community-initiated open source projects and leverage the solutions the community develops; they can offer complementary services and products that add value to an open source product; and they can reduce the cost and risk of product development by pooling their non-core efforts with other companies. This issue contains six articles. The first two articles discuss cost reduction through open source, and best practices for multi-vendor open source communities. The remaining articles were contributed by graduate students in a class on Open Source Business in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa (http://www.carleton.ca/tim). This course explored why companies participate in open source projects, how companies manage communities around their open source offers, and how companies make money from the open source projects they initiated or contribute to. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/407 %N January 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Editorial: Women Entrepreneurs (July 2011) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Women Entrepreneurs. In this issue, we examine the reasons for the relative lack of women founders and leaders in technology businesses. Our authors discuss the entrepreneurial challenges that are unique to women and what changes may be implemented to tip the balance and increase the number of women entrepreneurs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/451 %N July 2011 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Entrepreneurial Orientation and Company Performance: Can the Academic Literature Guide Managers? %A R. Sandra Schillo %K entrepreneurial orientation %K entrepreneurship %X This article comments on the management implications of the various approaches to measuring entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and it discusses the implications of a range of empirical findings for management decisions. On the whole, the argument is that academic research needs to increase its understanding of the differences in empirical results between different studies. To date, the research mostly spells a small number of useful warnings, for example that the positive impact of EO may level off or turn negative beyond a certain point and that it may not have the anticipated positive effect in all circumstances. However, the academic research has yet to identify these circumstances to a level of specificity that could provide useful guidance to managers. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 20-25 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/497 %N 2 %1 Innovation Impact Inc. Sandra Schillo is a researcher and consultant in the area of innovation and entrepreneurship. She is the Founding Editor of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, a publication founded to make academic literature on innovation and entrepreneurship accessible to policy professionals and researchers. She also is the President of Innovation Impact Inc., a company specializing in custom research and consulting services in the areas of innovation, science and technology policy, and entrepreneurship. Dr. Schillo is also on the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Dr. Schillo obtained her Doctorate from the Institute for Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, University of Kiel, Germany, and received her Masters' degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. She has extensive experience working with government departments and agencies on innovation and entrepreneurship. Dr. Schillo draws on both her practical and academic experience to ensure the relevance and quality of her work. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/497 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Fostering Student Entrepreneurship and University Spinoff Companies %A Tony Bailetti %K entrepreneurship %K spinoff %K student entrepreneur %K university %X A student spinoff company strives to transform knowledge acquired by students into an income-generating business. This article outlines how a university can increase the number of spinoff companies created by its student entrepreneurs. Student spinoff companies are of interest to all forward-thinking universities, particularly those that support research and teaching programs in the field of entrepreneurship. The spinoff companies provide tangible evidence that students acquire viable entrepreneurial skills while studying at the university. In addition, student spinoff companies contribute to regional economic development, commercialize knowledge that otherwise would go undeveloped, help universities attain and expand their core missions, and increase the return on the investments in university R&D. University policies developed specifically for student spinoff companies significantly affect the growth potential of such ventures. This article provides a model and a set of principles that universities can use to support and increase the number of student entrepreneurs at their institutions. The model and principles are grounded in research findings and practical experience. In addition, the article suggests that universities adopt a results-based management approach to plan and deploy initiatives to support student entrepreneurs. The approach is widely used by government agencies interested in increasing the outcomes from their investments. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 7-12 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/485 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support international co-innovation, technical entrepreneurship, and regional economic development. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/485 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T The Future of Co-Creation %A Marko Seppä %A Stoyan Tanev %X The objective of this article is to provide a brief summary of the key directions in value co-creation research that have emerged in the last 10 years. It points to several emerging streams in value co-creation research including: i) general management perspective; ii) new product development and innovation; iii) virtual customer environments; iv) service science and service-dominant logic (SDL) of marketing; and v) international markets and entrepreneurship, with a focus on the general management and innovation perspectives. In addition, the article points to another emerging new direction focusing on business co-creation. The development of business co-creation frameworks integrating the participatory role of both universities and vibrantly emerging business ecosystems represents a valuable alternative to traditional technology transfer and business administration approaches. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/423 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 University of Jyväskylä Marko Seppä is a "serial co-creator". In 1981, at age 16, he co-created an American football club in Finland, and in 1991, he co-created a pioneering VC firm focused on the emerging markets of Russia and the Baltic countries. In 2001, he co-created an ambitious e-business research centre for a pilot of the eEurope programme. He currently serves the University of Jyväskylä as Professor of Growth Venture Creation and works to co-create a global faculty partnership for problems worth solving. He is founding chair of Global Venture Lab Finland, a university consortium that is developing a "distributed business co-creation environment". He is also a co-founder of the Global Venture Lab Network, which is coordinated at UC Berkeley. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation and member of the Integrative Innovation Management (I2M) Research Unit at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. I2M is a research group operating across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Before joining the I2M unit at SDU in August 2009, Dr. Tanev was a Faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Stoyan Tanev has an MSc. and PhD. in Physics (1995, jointly by the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and the Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France), an MEng. in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Canada), and an MA. (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Canada). His main research interests are in the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation in technology-driven businesses. Dr. Tanev teaches technology innovation, technology marketing, and technology management courses in the MSc. Engineering program "Product Development and Innovation" at the University of Southern Denmark. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T How Firms Relate to Open Source Communities %A Michael Ayukawa %A Mohammed Al-Sanabani %A Adefemi Debo-Omidokun %X This article explores the relationship between firms and open source communities. Open source communities create, adopt, adapt, or disseminate innovation in a manner very different from a proprietary approach. To put this in context, we first define what is meant by open source community and then examine the roles members may play in these communities. Next, we illustrate that a firm can participate in an open source development community in different ways, depending on its level of sponsorship of that community. We assert that the degree of influence desired by the firm should connect to its business strategy and the firm needs to determine how its participation and support can be used to enhance its competitive position and provide new value to its customers. We next explore three main strategies to leverage and engage communities. We also examine how community interactions are affected by the degree of openness when engaging the community and how this relates to the firm's ability to protect the competitive advantage of its proprietary assets. This discussion will help firms with strategic planning when considering how to tap into this source of technical innovation that lies outside their boundaries. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/410 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and plays an active in several emerging business ecosystem projects, including co-founding Cornerportal Inc., a company that will help bring economic opportunity to more individuals in more communities worldwide. %2 Education for Yemen Mohammed Al-Sanabani is a Professional Engineer and a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His interests include charitable education foundations. His initiatives include establishing an education foundation for graduate students in Yemen: http://www.education4yemen.org %3 Carleton University Adefemi `Debo-Omidokun is a graduate of Electrical/Electronics Engineering, a telecommunications professional, and a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He is a motivational speaker, founder and the President of the "Hero Mentors" young heroes development and international mentoring initiative, a non-govermental organization with the vision of raising heroes. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T The Impact of External Relationships on the Growth of Young Technology Companies %A Chris Justus %K funding %K networks %K partnerships %K relationships %K startups %K young companies %X Most management teams in young technology companies are aware that their success may depend on strong relationships with external organizations. However, it may not be clear to them which types of relationships are most likely to impact their growth. This article describes the author’s recent research to examine the relationship between the number and diversity of business relationships and the revenue growth of young companies. By examining data collected from 80 technology firms, and the 1943 relationships they established over a two-year period, certain types of relationships were found to have measurable impacts on growth. The article focuses on the managerial implications of these findings, which include the importance of early funding, niche identification, and building relationships with large firms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 26-30 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/498 %N 2 %1 bitHeads Chris Justus is a software architect at bitHeads in Ottawa, Canada. He recently completed his Master’s degree in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University with a thesis entitled “Relationships of young information technology companies and growth in revenue.” He also holds a Bachelor of Mathematics from the University of Waterloo. Chris has over 20 years of experience in the technology space and has cofounded three information technology companies, including one of the largest independent ISPs in Canada and an information technology staffing and software company. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/498 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Innovation Policy Development and the Emergence of New Innovation Paradigms %A Stoyan Tanev %A Mette Præst Knudsen %A Tanja Bisgaard %A Merethe Stjerne Thomsen %K innovation %K Open innovation %K policy %K user-driven innovation %K value co-creation %X The objective of the present article is to discuss innovation policy issues related to three emerging innovation paradigms: user-driven innovation, open innovation, and value co-creation. It provides a summary of insights based on innovation policy practices and challenges in Denmark. The choice of Danish innovation policy practices is not accidental. In 2008 Denmark implemented 40 different national innovation programs by allocating about 400 million euros. Since the three emerging paradigms have become globally relevant, the discussion of Danish policy development challenges and practices is expected to be insightful for innovation experts from other developed countries that are currently dealing with the adoption of these paradigms. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 14-19 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/496 %N 2 %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Institute of Technology and Innovation and member of the Integrative Innovation Management (I2M) Research Unit at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, as well as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program at Carleton University. He has a MSc and PhD in Physics (jointly by the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France), a MEng in Technology Management (Carleton University, Canada), and a MA (University of Sherbrooke, Canada). His main research interests are in the fields of technology innovation management and value co-creation in technology-driven businesses. Dr. Tanev is also on the Review Board of the Technology Innovation Management Review. %2 University of Southern Denmark Mette Præst Knudsen is a Professor in Innovation Management at the Department of Marketing & Management (Faculty of Social Sciences), University of Southern Denmark. She is the research manager of the Integrative Innovation Management research unit. She holds a PhD from Aalborg University (Denmark) on technological competencies of high- tech companies. Furthermore, she holds a Master of Economics from Odense University (Denmark). %3 Novitas Innovation Tanja Bisgaard is the founder of Novitas Innovation, a company that facilitates complex innovation processes and is working with clients such as Copenhagen University Hospital, Agro Food Park, and Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster. Previously, she was Manager of Policy Analysis at FORA, the Danish Ministry of Economics and Business Affairs, where she identified and analyzed new forms of innovation in companies. Within the areas of user-driven innovation and corporate social innovation, Tanja has worked on several projects documenting the successful results of companies’ innovation processes. She holds a MSc in Management from the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK, and a BSc in Business Economics from the University of Surrey, UK. %4 University of Southern Denmark Merethe Stjerne Thomsen a PhD student in the Institute of Technology and Innovation in the Faculty of Engineering in the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/496 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Intellectual Property Rights: Unlocking the Value of this New Asset Class %A Daniel J. Henry %K asset class %K intellectual property %K intellectual property rights %K patents %X Discussing the value of intellectual property (IP) has become a common theme in today’s mainstream press and is now central to the business strategy of a growing number of technology companies, both large and small, domestically and internationally. This focus on IP and intellectual property rights (IPR) is a trend that has developed over the last several years as a result of a convergence of factors including the growth of the patent monetization industry, ongoing reforms to U.S. patent law, the emergence of China and other countries in the Far East as technology-production hubs, and the advocacy of the “knowledge-centric” economy. In this article, we look at the monetization of patents and the emergence of a vibrant industry based on IPR as a new and highly prized asset class. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 23-28 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/504 %N 3 %1 WiLAN Inc. Daniel J. Henry is Vice President, Business Development with WiLAN Inc., Canada’s largest publicly traded IP licensing firm. A seasoned IP executive, he has extensive experience in corporate and IP law and business development. Before joining WiLAN Inc., Mr. Henry held the position of Senior Vice President with ICAP Patent Brokerage, where he advised clients on the sale and acquisition of valuable IP assets. Prior to ICAP, he was a Partner with Altitude Capital Partners, where he conceived and executed the firm’s business development program and strategic relationships with corporate IP holders and other IP professionals. Mr. Henry is a practiced speaker on IP and value generation at conferences internationally and has been recognized by Intellectual Asset Magazine as one of the top 250 IP strategists in the world for the past three years. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/504 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Introducing the Oregon State University Open Source Lab %A Anthony Casson %A Leslie Hawthorn %X The Oregon State University Open Source Lab (OSUOSL) is the home of growing, high-impact open source communities. Its world-class hosting services enable the Linux operating system, Apache web server, the Drupal content management system, and over 50 other leading open source software projects to collaborate with contributors and distribute software to millions of users globally. Through custom software development, vendor partnerships, and industry events such as the Government Open Source Conference (GOSCON), the lab's staff and students encourage open source adoption in education, government, health care, and other sectors. In addition, the lab creates real-world educational opportunities for its students by providing high-value development and hosting services for open source communities. In this article, we describe the benefits of the OSUOSL to open source projects and to students of Oregon State University. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/461 %N August 2011 %9 Articles %1 Oregon State University Open Source Lab Anthony Casson is a part-time student writer for the Oregon State University's Open Source Lab since January 2011 and also works with Oregon State Athletics as one of the Sports Information Department's feature writers. He is pursuing a career in writing and is studying new media communications. He will graduate with a B.S. in Liberal Arts in December. Anthony has written for various publications, both domestic and international, predominantly as a feature and profile author. You can find him on Twitter as @ASCasson. %2 Oregon State University Open Source Lab Leslie Hawthorn has more than 10 years experience in high tech project management, marketing and public relations. She currently works as the Outreach Manager for Oregon State University's Open Source Lab. She also serves on the Boards of the Sahana Software Foundation and CASH Music, as an Advisor to the Humanitarian FOSS Project and on the Editorial Board for the Open Source Business Resource. Leslie previously worked as a Program Manager for Google's Open Source Programs Office, where she was responsible for the company's developer outreach efforts, most notably the Google Summer of Code program and the Google Highly Open Participation (now Google Code In) contest. You can find her on Twitter as @lhawthorn or read her personal blog at http://hawthornlandings.org. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Key Player Identification in the Mashup Ecosystem %A Monique Bardawil %X By combining multiples sources of data to create a new application, mashups represent a powerful source of innovation. Together, the various data providers, developers, mashup platforms, and users constitute an ecosystem that depends on innovation from these various players for its growth and success. This article summarizes recent research into the network structure of the mashup ecosystem, along with the positions and roles of entities within it. This research illustrates analytical methods for identifying key players in an ecosystem, while delivering new insights into the structure of the mashup ecosystem. Finally, the implications of these findings for entrepreneurs and incumbents are discussed. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/417 %N February 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Monique Bardawil recently completed her Master's degree at Carleton University with a thesis entitled "Identifying key players in the mashup ecosystem." Her research interests are social network analysis, product architecture and design, and Web 2.0. She holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from McGill University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Learning from Failure: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship %A Daniel Crenna %X Business ventures often fail even when market demand is demonstrated and evaluated by peers, and when the project team is capable of producing the work. In this informal case study based on the author's own experiences, the topics of market size and fit, team size, human dynamics, business validation, and interaction design are explored to form a picture of how a business with seemingly promising prospects could still fail. Specifically, the challenges faced by small or single-person implementation teams are discussed, with suggestions for overcoming these challenges to produce more realistic and viable businesses. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/447 %N June 2011 %9 Articles %1 Postmark Daniel Crenna is a software developer from Ottawa, Canada. Daniel has delivered software for the web's biggest brands and has created open source software for millions of users. He is currently the lead developer for Postmark, a hosted email service provider, and writes on technical entrepreneurship at danielcrenna.com. He is currently at the design stage of his next tech venture. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Lessons from an Open Source Business %A Fred Dixon %X Creating a successful company is difficult; but creating a successful company, a successful open source project, and a successful ecosystem all at the same time is much more difficult. This article takes a retrospective look at some of the lessons we have learned in building BigBlueButton, an open source web conferencing system for distance education, and in building Blindside Networks, a company following the traditional business model of providing support and services to paying customers. Our main message is that the focus must be on creating a successful open source project first, for without it, no company in the ecosystem can flourish. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/441 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Blindside Networks Fred Dixon is CEO of Blindside Networks. He is a serial entrepreneur, having been CEO of two previous companies: Databeacon (acquired by Cognos in 2004) and OpenLava software. In 2003, he was selected as one of Ottawa's "Top 40 under 40" executives by the Ottawa Business Journal. In 1992, he earned a Bachelor of Mathematics from the University of Waterloo. He proudly wears his developer hat when communicating with other members in the BigBlueButton community. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Letters to the Editor %A Roseann O'Reilly Runte %A Rafik Goubran %A Jerry Tomberlin %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 5-6 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/487 %N 1 %1 President, Carleton University %2 Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Carleton University %3 Dean, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/487 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Leveraging Collectives as a Technology Startup: A Case Study %A Natasha D'Souza %X Entrepreneurs face a daunting challenge in turning a solution to a compelling problem into a viable business. Recent research into multi-sided platforms and collective action has highlighted an approach that may enable entrepreneurs to lower the risk of a new venture and increase revenue by delivering value to all stakeholders in a collective, not just to the company itself. However, the shift in thinking required to apply this new approach is a challenge of its own. In this article, we provide an overview of both the new and traditional approaches to development and commercialization. Next, we describe a problem for which we are currently developing a business opportunity to solve: helping parents provide adequate and appropriate support to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism. We then use this problem as a case study to illustrate how the implementation of a facial emotion recognition software application might be substantially different depending on the development and commercialization approach used. Finally, we describe the key lessons learned and next steps in developing this business opportunity. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/440 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Virtual EyeSee Natasha D'Souza, founder of Virtual EyeSee, has over 15 years of hi-tech experience working for Fortune 500, mid-sized, and startup companies. She has a degree in Electrical Engineering and is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. She is a regular guest speaker who is passionate about technology and inspiring people to develop unique solutions to complex problems. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Managing the Challenges of Becoming an Open Innovation Company: Experiences from Living Labs %A Mika Westerlund %A Seppo Leminen %K Innovation management %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K User-driven %X High-technology firms have paved the way for user-driven innovations, but now even traditional industries are becoming increasingly open. This shift is a great challenge for companies with instituted practices, policies, and customer relationships. In this article, we identify four distinct steps in becoming an open innovation company based on our recent research into firms’ experiences with living lab experiments in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. We describe these phases and illustrate the divergent roles that users play in each one. We conclude with a discussion on the differences between the management challenges of conventional development projects versus the open innovation model. For all firms that wish to become open innovators, we recommend that their managers promote an open organizational mindset and apply groupware that supports increased openness, because traditional project management tools are insufficient for open innovation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 19-25 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/489 %N 1 %1 University of California Berkeley and Aalto University Mika Westerlund, D. Sc. (Econ.), holds positions as Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and Postdoctoral Researcher in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics. His doctoral research focused on software firms’ business models and his current research interests include open innovation, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. Results from his research are reported in numerous scholarly journals. %2 Laurea University and Aalto University Seppo Leminen, D. Sc. (Econ.), Lic. Tech., holds positions as Principal Lecturer at the Laurea University of Applied Sciences and Adjunct Professor in the School of Economics at Aalto University. Seppo holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a licentiate degree in Information Technology at the Helsinki University of Technology. His research and consultation interests include value co-creation and capture with users as well as relationships, services, and business models in marketing. He runs various living lab and business model projects in ICT and media industries. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/489 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T A Money-Making Platform for Entrepreneurs %A Robert Poole %X New technologies such as cloud computing and platforms are beginning to emerge as simple, practical ways for entrepreneurs to start businesses in a short period of time and with little money. They allow businesses to quickly take a concept to the market to see if it will work. If the business takes off, these same technologies are ready to scale the business to reach global markets and to stay profitable the entire time. In this article, an outline is provided of key business models that have proliferated as a result of new technologies, namely multi-sided platforms, long-tail markets, and freemium business models. Next, the author describes FreebirdConnect.com, his new platform business that has emerged out of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. This platform can be used by other entrepreneurs to start a new business venture that can reach new markets around the world. Finally, the article describes the steps that an entrepreneur can follow to start a low-risk, global business on the FreebirdConnect.com platform without substantial start-up capital. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/446 %N June 2011 %9 Articles %1 FreebirdConnect.com Robert Poole is CEO of FreebirdConnect.com. He is also a Chartered Accountant and has 15 years of experience building and deploying business intelligence and social analytic solutions to global enterprises. As a consultant, Robert has provided his expertise to private and public-sector clients including Federal and Regional governments. As an entrepreneur, Robert has created several technology-related companies and has appeared on CNBC's Power Lunch. Robert is also a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T A Network-Centric Snapshot of Value Co-Creation in Finnish Innovation Financing %A Jukka Huhtamäki %A Martha G. Russell %A Kaisa Still %A Neil Rubens %X In this article, we apply the concept of value co-creation to the analysis of linkages between organizations and their human and financial resources to observe the emergence of cooperative activities in a specific innovation system. Through visual network analysis of a federated and socially constructed dataset of organizations and their related actors, we show how co-creation occurs through financial linkages. We use the ecosystem concept as a metaphoric reference to value co-creation with a network-centric mindset. Business financing linkages reveal convergence and co-creation in the innovation ecosystem, and network analysis is used to visualize the relationships between firms. Through the lens of relationship-based synergy, we provide a snapshot of innovation funding, which highlights the collaboration of venture capital and government agencies in co-creating the emerging Finnish innovation ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/424 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 Tampere University of Technology Jukka Huhtamäki (M.Sc, Hypermedia) is a researcher, a post-graduate student, and a teacher working for the Hypermedia Laboratory (HLab) at Tampere University of Technology. Jukka also collaborates with the Innovation Ecosystems Network, lead by Martha G. Russell. His interests include visual social media analytics, methods of streamlining social network visualisation and information visualisation, user and information modeling and the development methods, and implementation technologies of social, adaptive, and distributed hypermedia. Currently, Jukka is working to develop data-driven visual analysis processes for insights on, for example, social media usage and innovation diffusion. %2 Stanford University Martha G. Russell is Senior Research Scholar at Human Sciences Technology Advanced Research Institute and Associate Director of Media X at Stanford University, a membership-based, interdisciplinary research catalyst focused on people, media, technology, and innovation. Dr. Russell's background spans a range of business development, innovation, and technology-transfer initiatives in information sciences, communications, and microelectronics at the University of Minnesota, The University of Texas at Austin, and Stanford University. She collaborates with Stanford's Innovation Ecosystems Network and serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Interactive Advertising, the Journal of Electronics, and Technology Forecasting and Social Change. %3 VTT Technical Research Centre Kaisa Still studies innovation, technology transfer, and the role of technology, with a focus on information and knowledge creation, sharing, and management. Her studies focus on supporting collaboration and cooperation in organizations as well as in community settings. Recent studies include mobile, online and social networking communities, innovation ecosystems, and innovation indicators. Dr. Still has over 10 years of cross-sector business and academic experience in Finland, USA and China. She currently works for VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and collaborates with Stanford's Innovation Ecosystems Network. %4 University of Electro-Communications, Japan Dr. Neil Rubens is an Assistant Professor at the Knowledge Systems Laboratory, University of Electro-Communications, Japan. He is the Director of Active Intelligence Research Group and is a member of the Innovation Ecosystems Network at Stanford University. He holds an M.Sc. degree from the University of Massachusetts and a Ph.D. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology - both in Computer Science. His research focuses on developing Active Intelligence systems, which are systems Artificial Intelligence systems that are self-adaptable utilizing unsupervised and semi-supervised learning, and active communication and data acquisition. He collaborates with Stanford's Innovation Ecosystems Network. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T New Solutions to the Funding Dilemma of Technology Startups %A Ali Kousari %X This article explores the current funding challenges facing technology startups and describes new models based on smaller investments and collective action. First, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional startup funding models are presented, with an emphasis on venture capital and angel investment. Next, an overview of existing seed funds, or seed accelerators, shows how entrepreneurs can leverage this approach to access subsequent rounds of funding and create successful ventures. Then, an overview of crowd funding is provided, including examples of companies that have adopted this approach to funding startups and their founders. Finally, the article presents the basis of a new approach that uses crowd funding as means of attracting investors to collectives. In these business ecosystems, startups are exposed to less risk and investors can benefit from attractive returns by investing in these promising startups. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/449 %N June 2011 %9 Articles %1 Systema Technologies Ali Kousari is the Chief Technology Officer at Systema Technologies in Geneva, Switzerland. He is also a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he holds a BSc in Software Engineering from Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Nokia's Hybrid Business Model for Qt %A John Schreuders %A Arthur Low %A Kenneth Esprit %A Nerva Joachim %X In today's challenging economy, startup companies are finding it more and more difficult to gain a foothold and traction in the market. Free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) allows a company to gain exposure to their products. However, few firms offer F/LOSS solutions alone. The vast majority combine proprietary and open source products while receiving revenues from both traditional license fees and open source offerings (Bonaccorsi and Giannangeli, 2006). This dual practice of offering F/LOSS as well as a commercial license is a hybrid business model. In this article, we focus on the hybrid business model for Nokia's Qt product: how it is implemented, why it was implemented, and the extent to which the model has been effective. The Qt story illustrates how F/LOSS business models were developed during a period when participants were just beginning to understand how to make money with open source. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/413 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University John Schreuders is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Prior to his work at Carleton, John received his BEng in Computer Engineering at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. John has 15 years of experience in designing real-time software systems in many different fields, including defense, aerospace, finance and telecommunications. %2 Crack Semiconductor Arthur Low is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. He has over 18 years of experience in Integrated Circuit design. Art is an Electrical Engineer who uses open source IC design simulators and software development tools for his cryptographic Silicon IP business, Crack Semiconductor. %3 Carleton University Kenneth Esprit received his BSc degree from the University of Pinar del Rio, Cuba in Telecommunication and Electronics Engineering, in 2004. He is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. He has over the 6 years of experience in mobile communication and has used open source software as an optimization tool for radio frequency planning and BTS maintenance. %4 Carleton University Nerva Joachim is an Electrical Engineer and has over ten years of experience in electronic control systems design. He has worked in Montreal, Toronto, and the Ottawa capital region. He is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa, where he is involved in a collaborative project with Ottawa University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation (OCRI), and Kylowave Inc., a company that is a member of the Lead to Win ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Open Source License Selection in Relation to Business Models %A Carlo Daffara %X This article provides recent research results from the European Union's FLOSSMetrics project. The results focus on the business and practical aspects of the adoption of open source within software products or as a basis of service offerings. Research into free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) is usually conducted with a software engineering focus or with an emphasis on F/LOSS as a spontaneous or directed collaboration effort. The FLOSSMetrics project expanded that research with an investigation on how licenses, business models, and project choices affect development and productization. This article provides a summary of common licensing issues and business models choices in F/LOSS, and it provides a list of recommendations for selecting a license for a software project to suit both business objectives and licensing constraints. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/416 %N February 2011 %9 Articles %1 Conecta Carlo Daffara is head of research at Conecta, an open source consulting company. He is the Italian member of the European Working Group on Libre Software, chairs several other working groups, including the Open Source Middleware Group of the IEEE Technical Committee on Scalable Computing and the Internet Society Working Group on Public Software, and contributed to the article presented by ISOC to UNESCO on global trends for universal access to information resources. His current research activity is centered on the sustainability of business models for open source software. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Patent Value: A Business Perspective for Technology Startups %A Angela de Wilton %K business value %K intellectual property %K patenting costs %K patents %K strategy %X In the last year, news headlines have highlighted record patent infringement settlements, multibillion dollar auctions of large corporate patent portfolios, and ongoing patent battles between key technology industry players. Despite this acknowledgment of the significant value of patents for large corporations, many small technology companies are understandably more focused on the near-term costs of obtaining a patent rather than future value. Costs may seem prohibitive to an early stage technology startup. Some software startups question whether patents are relevant to their business. In practice, effective intellectual property (IP) strategy and management is dependent on many factors, such as technology or industry sector, size and maturity of the business, technology lifecycle, and the business and market environment. IP strategy must be aligned to business strategy from the outset. By considering IP in the broader context of the overall business plan and the competitive environment, opportunities for generating increased return on R&D investment and added business value through patents or other forms of IP can be recognized early on. This approach ensures that a decision about whether or not to patent is driven by business reasons rather than budget constraints. This article examines the costs and benefits of patents from the perspective of early-stage technology startups and growing businesses, and it provides some general guidance on best practices for developing an IP and patent activity plan and for building a patent portfolio that appropriately supports business objectives. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 5-11 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/501 %N 3 %1 de Wilton IP Inc. Angela de Wilton holds a BSc Honours (Chemical Physics) from the University of Bristol, England, and a PhD from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She is registered as a Patent Agent by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Canadian Intellectual Property Office, is a Fellow of the Intellectual Property Institute of Canada, and is a member of the American Intellectual Property Law Association and the Licensing Executives Society. Angela is a founder of de Wilton IP Inc., which assists small to medium-sized technology companies in developing an IP strategy and building and managing a cost-effective patent portfolio. Angela draws on past experience in the Nortel IP Law department, where she developed IP Strategy, and as Director of Intellectual Property, where she was responsible for a global patent program and supported patent licensing and litigation programs. Angela has also been involved in patent agent training and management development programs, and she has prior postdoctoral industrial R&D experience. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/501 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Patents to Exclude vs. Include: Rethinking the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in a Knowledge-Based Economy %A Patrick Cohendet %A Julien Pénin %K knowledge-based economy %K markets for technology %K Open innovation %K patents %K R&D collaboration %X Traditional patent theory emphasizes the importance of patents for excluding imitators. This view is far too restrictive and is at odds with many empirical and theoretical works. Therefore, we propose an analysis of patent management that considers the properties of knowledge-based economies explicitly. Patents are thus shown to be critical instruments for coordinating innovative activities between firms. They not only exclude potential infringers, but also “include” all the heterogeneous stakeholders of the innovation process. Patents facilitate coordination via two mechanisms: they encourage the emergence of markets for technology (market coordination) and they play an important role in formal and informal inter-firm collaboration (non-market coordination). We also link firms’ patenting strategy with the characteristics of the technological regime of their sector. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 12-17 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/502 %N 3 %1 HEC Montréal Patrick Cohendet is Professor of Economics at HEC Montréal business school in Canada. He was previously a professor at the University of Strasbourg, France. His research interests include the economics of innovation, technology management, knowledge management, theory of the firm, and the economics of creativity. He is the author or co-author of 15 books and over 60 articles in refereed journals. He has conducted a series of economic studies on innovation and economics of knowledge (measurement of spin-offs, evaluation of the economic benefits of R&D projects, evaluation of technology transfer, etc.). These studies were carried out by his research laboratory BETA of the University of Strasbourg, and MOSAIC at HEC Montreal for different European and North American organisations such as the European Commission, the EU, OECD, Council of Europe, and the Canadian Space Agency. %2 University of Strasbourg Julien Pénin is Associate Professor at the University of Strasbourg, France, and is a researcher at BETA (Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée). His research interests include economics and management of patents, open innovation, and open source innovation. He has authored and coauthored over 20 articles in refereed journals. Julien also teaches economics and management of innovation and intellectual property rights at the department of economics and management of the University of Strasbourg. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/502 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Private-Collective Innovation: Let There Be Knowledge %A Ali Kousari %A Chris Henselmans %X Many innovators (companies or individuals) opt for a private innovation model. This model uses resources to create a product whose intellectual property (IP) is protected by the firm. At the opposite end of the scale is the collective innovation model, in which innovators collaborate and expend resources to produce a public good. Many free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) projects rely on collective innovation. Some innovators are now combining the two models into a private-collective innovation model, in which an innovator may chose to collaborate with other innovators and spend private resources while still keeping some IP private. For example, a company may release its product's source code to the public in the hope of attracting a community of contributing developers. Such a company commits its own resources to a project, but may still hold on to the intellectual property. The success of private-collective innovation is dependent on many factors including: project interest and value, company reputation, and project status. There are benefits and risks to private-collective innovation which must be carefully weighed before making a decision to employ this model. Private-collective innovation involves the sharing of knowledge and, in some cases, the sharing of IP that may or may not be patented. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/411 %N January 2011 %9 Articles %1 Systema Technologies Ali Kousari is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He is currently CTO at Systema Technologies in Geneva, Switzerland. He holds a BScH in Software Engineering from Carleton University. %2 Carleton University Chris Henselmans is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He has over 25 years experience in embedded software development. He holds a BScH from the University of Waterloo and a BGS from Athabasca University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T A Progress Report on the Keystone Off-The-Shelf Project %A James Makienko %A Antonio Misaka %X In this article, we provide an update on the Keystone Off-The-Shelf (KOTS) project. We begin by presenting an overview of the goals and the advantages of KOTS. Next, we describe the software components that make up KOTS. Finally, a blueprint for the first application of KOTS is described along with the plan to launch a collective of technology companies and a non-profit organization that will use, support, and evolve the software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/432 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University James Makienko is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His research interests include business ecosystems, go-to-market channels, deal and contract development, and web-based deal development platforms. He holds a BEng in Computer Systems Engineering from Carleton University and previously worked in software development, technical support, and security. %2 Carleton University Antonio Misaka is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and is actively engaged in the KOTS and TFN 200 projects. He is a former consultant for IBM and R&D researcher for NEC-Brazil. His research interests include software engineering and technology management. He holds an MSc degree in Computer Science and Mathematics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Proving the Expertise of Freelance Android Developers %A Igor Sales %A Aparna Shanker %X Android continues to grow in popularity as a mobile operating system. With this constant growth in popularity comes a demand for skilled, specialized platform and application developers rather than just generalists that are currently provided by outsourcing firms. This article describes a business opportunity where a collective of proven experts can be used to fulfill this need for specialized developers. A key aspect of the proposed solution is the provision of proven expertise by certifying and guaranteeing the level of specialization of developers in the collective. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/443 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Igor Sales is a freelance software developer and entrepreneur in Ottawa, Ontario. He holds a Master's degree in Software Engineering from the University of Ottawa and is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Igor has coded device drivers, frameworks, and applications as well as interfaced directly with customers to solve their technical challenges. He is now focusing on mobile software frameworks and applications. %2 Carleton University Aparna Shanker is a network engineer with Alcatel-Lucent in Ottawa, Ontario. She is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and holds an undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering from Queen's University, Kingston. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Quality-Based Co-Value in SaaS Business Relationships %A Xian Chen %A Paul Sorenson %X In the past decade, the focus of information technology (IT) development has been on service-oriented architecture, especially the new service delivery model, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Accordingly, interest in quality management in the planning and operation of SaaS systems has increased tremendously. In practice, it is necessary to take into greater account the nature of service quality shared by both service provider and customer in the SaaS delivery. This paper introduces a study on a theory that integrates the service quality and value co-creation (co-value) in the SaaS business relationships between service provider and customer. The theory is established, in part, based on the results of a survey of Chief Information Officers (CIOs) that shows a strong correspondence between the service quality required or desired by a client and the business relationship needed between SaaS clients and providers. We have used the theory as the foundation for an approach and tool for evaluating SaaS applications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/428 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 University of Alberta Xian Chen received his Ph.D degree in Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, in 2010. He focuses his research interest on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Cloud Computing, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Software Process Management, etc. His Ph.D thesis poses the problem of developing a service quality based evaluation model in SaaS that incorporates business relationship between service provider and service customer. The model can be used to assess service quality and improve decision making related to the adoption of SaaS systems. %2 University of Alberta Paul Sorenson is Professor Emeritus of Computing Science at the University of Alberta. He previously held several academic positions at the University of Saskatchewan (Professor and Head) and the University of Alberta (Professor, Chair of Computing Science, Assoc. VP (Research) and Vice-Provost (Information Technology)). He teaches courses and has research interests in software engineering and the management and delivery of software service systems. He co-authored books in data structures and compiler design and he co-founded two start-up companies: Avra Software Lab and Onware Systems. He is co-author on more than one hundred journal and conference papers and has served on the Boards of a large number of research institutes and centres. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T A Rapid Prototyping Environment for Student Entrepreneurs %A Frank Horsfall %X This article describes a project initiated in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University to develop a common development and test environment for entrepreneurs associated with the program. This environment will support a collaborative entrepreneurial community that is building complementary products around a core platform; the goal is to accelerate the quick delivery of projects to market while acknowledging that the community's resources are limited. As described in this article, the solution that was developed is called the TIM Rapid Prototyping Environment (TIMRPE). Thee TIMRPE provides a competitive advantage for entrepreneurs in the TIM program. A TIM entrepreneur can quickly jump into the development of their prototype, knowing that timely assistance and support is available. This environment now hosts several entrepreneurial projects, some of which have been described in recent issues of the OSBR, including this one. This article introduces the rapid prototyping approach, provides an overview of the TIMRPE, shares lessons learned from the early experiences with the environment, and outlines the project's next steps. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/448 %N June 2011 %9 Articles %1 EnTeraSec Inc. Frank Horsfall is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa. He is the Chair of the TIM Entrepreneur Council, the founder/lead of the Bloom data visualization project, the project founder/lead of the TIM Rapid Prototyping Environment (TIMRPE), and a member of the TFN200 architecture team tasked with the design of a next generation web-based communications collaboration platform at Carleton University. Frank is also President of EnTeraSec, a security and IT professional services company in the Lead to Win business ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Reasons for Patent Protection and Cost-effective Patent Filing Options for SMEs %A Natalie Raffoul %A Art Brion %K innovation %K intellectual property %K patent cost %K patent filing %K patent protection %X Many innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not seek patent protection for their innovations, either because they are skeptical about the perceived benefits or wary of the perceived costs. However, by failing to protect their intellectual property with patents, they leave themselves exposed to attack by other patent holders. This article explores arguments for patent protection as well as filing options that can protract the patenting process while simultaneously reducing patenting costs. By choosing their patent application filings wisely, SMEs can keep their patenting options open for as long as possible while delaying costs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 29-33 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/505 %N 3 %1 CLANCY P.C. + BRION RAFFOUL Natalie Raffoul is a founding partner of CLANCY P.C. + BRION RAFFOUL. As a registered patent agent and lawyer with a background in electrical engineering, she has extensive experience in drafting patent applications for technologies including: electronics, wireless and optical communications and networking, telecommunications switching, optical components and manufacturing processes, optical fibre manufacturing processes, satellite components, fuel cell technologies, security devices and software processes for supply chain management. Natalie is also experienced in filing and prosecuting Canadian, U.S., and PCT international patent applications. She provides advice to her clients, in English and in French, on worldwide patent filing strategies and portfolio management. She is also a frequent speaker on intellectual property matters. %2 CLANCY P.C. + BRION RAFFOUL Art Brion is a computer engineer, lawyer, and a U.S. and Canadian patent agent. Since 1998, he has assisted clients ranging from multinational corporations to high-tech startup companies to lone inventors. Prior to founding CLANCY P.C. + BRION RAFFOUL, Art practiced with two IP boutique firms in Ottawa. His practice centers on not just the drafting and prosecution of patent applications worldwide but also on providing advice regarding portfolio management and worldwide patent filing strategies. He also provides advice on intellectual property mining and licensing strategies. Art’s fields of specialization include software/Internet-based technologies, wireless technologies, communications and computer and networking and related systems, optics/electro-optic communication systems, cryptography/encryption based technologies, semiconductors and business method systems. A former Editor-in-Chief of the UNB Law Journal, he enjoys the thrust and parry of patent prosecution as it mirrors one of his main preoccupations: fencing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/505 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Redefining "Women's Work": Tensions Between Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Social Reproduction %A Tess Jewell %X This article considers some of the most recent research into women's participation in technology and entrepreneurship and connects it to the literature on social reproduction in order to paint a more complex picture of the social and environmental factors that influence women's career choices. Specifically, it shows how lingering biases concerning women's reproductive functions continue to shape both men and women's expectations regarding women's aptitudes, interests, and fitness for various roles. These biases and stereotypes create barriers to women's progress at various levels, including the home, the workplace, and educational institutions. The article concludes with recommendations for how educators and entrepreneurs in science and technology can promote the inclusion of women among their ranks. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/452 %N July 2011 %9 Articles %1 York University and Ryerson University Tess (Teresa) Jewell is a PhD student in the Communications and Culture program hosted jointly by York University and Ryerson University in Toronto. She holds Bachelor's and Master's degrees in English with a focus on Medieval Studies. Her current research interests include the experiences of women in business as well as in other male-dominated contexts such as video game communities, open source projects, and geek culture in general. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Reflecting on Fifty Issues of the OSBR %A Chris McPhee %X This is the last article to be published in the Open Source Business Resource (OSBR). In September 2011, the OSBR will become the Technology Innovation Management Review. In this article, we look back upon the changes in the landscape of open source business and in the OSBR itself from the time it was first published in July 2007 until its last issue in August 2011. Finally, we look ahead to the upcoming changes that will be embodied by the Technology Innovation Management Review. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/465 %N August 2011 %9 Articles %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee has been the Editor-in-Chief of the Open Source Business Resource since July 2010. He is also in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Renewal Through Co-Creation in Business Networks %A Raimo Hyötyläinen %A Katri Valkokari %A Petri Kalliokoski %X This article presents four models of business renewal within networks based on a theoretical framework developed from earlier literature. According to the typical dimensions of business development, our framework distinguishes between the exploitation of present knowledge for efficiency and the exploration of new knowledge for new business development. Furthermore, the two network development and governance types (i.e., hub-spoke and multiplex) form the other dimension of the framework. The framework was empirically tested with five case companies and their business networks. The framework of network models may help managers to structure the business network and its renewal based on the strategic targets of a firm. Furthermore, the theoretical contribution of the paper deepens the understanding of how co-creation and interaction between the participants differ according to business focus and complexity of networks. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/426 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Dr. Raimo Hyötyläinen holds the position of Research Professor at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) and his research theme is strategy and foresight in the manufacturing industry. He graduated in Industrial Management from Helsinki University of Technology and holds an M.Sc (Pol.Sc.) degree in sociology, economics, and economic and social history from Helsinki University. Raimo has researched hundreds of manufacturing companies since the beginning of 1985, when he came to VTT. %2 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Dr. Katri Valkokari is a Senior Research Scientist and team manager at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Value Network Development research team. She has executed several development projects concerning strategic SME business networks. Katri recently completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of strategic business networks, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %3 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Mr. Petri Kalliokoski, M.Sc. (Tech.), holds the position of Senior Vice President of Strategy and Business Development at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland). He is responsible for VTT's strategy and business development activities and acts as a chairman of the strategic research steering group on business and innovation management. Petri has worked as a project director and researcher in several large international research and design projects. In addition, he has carried out consulting assignments in the area of business strategies and organizational development. His current research interests include innovation management, industrial services business development, and management of enterprise networks. He is also a board member in several companies. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T A Sales Execution Strategy Guide for Technology Startups %A Ian Gilbert %A Stephen Davies %K entrepreneurs %K sales %K sales execution strategy %K sales strategy %K startups %X The majority of startups fail to consider sales execution as part of their overall strategy. This article demonstrates how a sales execution strategy can help a company take a product or service to market more efficiently and effectively by focusing on the customers that are key to generating revenue. Combined with techniques for recruiting effectively and measuring sales outcomes, a sales execution strategy helps technology startups exceed growth aspirations and potentially reduce or even eliminate the requirement for external investment. In this article, we first describe the focus of assistance currently given to startups and the reasons why sales execution strategies are often overlooked. Next, we outline recommendations for developing, implementing, and supporting a sales execution strategy. Finally, we summarize the key points presented in the article. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 32-36 %8 10/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/491 %N 1 %1 Third Core Venture Expansion Partners Ian Gilbert is Managing Partner of Third Core Venture Expansion Partners, a company that offers sales assistance, and builds and runs sales teams, for new and growing companies. He has been privileged to lead and contribute to sales operations at some of the world’s dominant technology organizations, including HP, Cable & Wireless, CGI, Telus, Bell Canada, PTC, Tandberg, Nortel, and Avaya. Ian has used his corporate experiences to start and build successful companies in both Europe and Canada, and he has assisted many Canadian entrepreneurs in the creation, development, and eventual sale of their companies. He continues to work personally with entrepreneurs across Canada. %2 Third Core Venture Expansion Partners Stephen Davies is an associate with Third Core Venture Expansion Partners, where he helps to scale sales for a portfolio of companies by optimizing their operations. Stephen also leads a dual role in both business development and operations management in founder, virtual executive, and consulting roles. Focusing on technology, regulated industries, and the military, Stephen has worked with organizations such as ICAO, DND, Porter Airlines, MITEL, Nortel, NQI, CNSC, CAE, SAIC, and Lockheed Martin, as well as a number of technology startups. Stephen also lectures in entrepreneurship-related subjects at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/491 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Shifting an Entrepreneur's World View %A Michael Ayukawa %X As an entrepreneur, you continually test your decisions by gaining feedback: from your customers and your investors (or lack thereof). This process of ongoing feedback is how an entrepreneur learns to shape their opportunity to accommodate their new knowledge of the environment. But this activity is very dependent on the "world view framework" of the entrepreneur. What may seem to be important turns out to be noise and important signals are dismissed. This article describes the special value for an entrepreneur of frameworks grounded in theory in general and the value of the framework of business ecosystems from two perspectives: as a member of a business ecosystem and as a creator of a business ecosystem. These two perspectives fundamentally affected the direction of adaption for our product and reshaped how we approached our (ad)venture. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/439 %N May 2011 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and plays an active in several emerging business ecosystem projects, including co-founding Cornerportal Inc., a company that is committed to bring economic opportunity to more individuals in more communities worldwide. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T The Social Management of Risk %A David Péloquin %A Jean Kunz %A Nicola Gaye %X In this article, we discuss a conceptual framework on the social management of risk and highlight the role of the community sector in that process. We introduce the topic of risk, illustrate how it is distinct from the concept of uncertainty, and show how different social actors assess risk differently. Next, we introduce the "social management of risk" approach, which takes a broad view of the potential actors involved in pursuing societal objectives in relation to risk. Finally, we discuss the role of the community sector is the social management of risk. While this framework is presented in the context of social policy, it can be generalized to any situations where social actors respond to and manage risks in a multi-player environment. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/435 %N April 2011 %9 Articles %1 Policy Research Initiative David Péloquin joined the federal public service of Canada in 1981 and has held a variety of positions within the federal Department of Finance (notably in the areas of social policy, financial sector policy and fiscal federalism), the Economic Council of Canada, the Intergovernmental Affairs secretariat of the Privy Council Office and the Policy Research Initiative. He also served an assignment to the Commonwealth Government of Australia, working on fiscal equalization, health care transfers and related issues at both the Commonwealth Grants Commission and Commonwealth Treasury and subsequently served as Special Advisor to the Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing. %2 Policy Research Initiative Dr. Jean Lock Kunz is a Director of the Policy Research Initiative (PRI). In her current position, she leads PRI's projects on social innovation, network governance, and on multicultural diversity for 21st century Canada. Her other areas of work include policy research on the development of ethnic villages and migrant integration in China. Prior to joining the Public Service, Jean had worked in the non-government sector as well as in universities. She has written extensively on issues relating to immigration, multiculturalism, race relations, labour force participation, youth, and media. An immigrant to Canada, Jean began her career in policy research at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China. %3 Policy Research Initiative Nicola Gaye is a researcher at the Policy Research Initiative (PRI). She is a graduate of the University of Concordia with an MA in Public Policy and Public Administration. Her specific areas of interest include immigration, diversity, and international affairs. %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Software Patents: Current Challenges and Future Solutions %A Monica Goyal %K innovation %K patent system %K software patents %X Software patents for years have been used in the software industry to suppress innovation, kill competition, and generate undeserved royalties. This article considers whether software patents maintain the right “bargain between the inventor and the public” where, in exchange for disclosure of the invention to the public, the inventor receives a limited monopoly and the exclusive right to exploit the invention. This article argues that they do not and then explores possible solutions to address the problems identified. Those solutions include streamlining the patent process, making it more difficult to patent software innovations, making it easier to invalidate software patents, and shortening the patent protection from 20 to 10 years. The article closes with a call to action for people to work collectively to effect change in the industry. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 18-22 %8 12/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/503 %N 3 %1 My Legal Briefcase Monica Goyal is a Toronto-based lawyer and a softwarenology entrepreneur who founded My Legal Briefcase, an online legal service firm focused on small claims court cases. After graduating from her undergraduate degree from the University of Waterloo, where she was a Dean's List Scholar, Monica attended Stanford University, where she earned her Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering. Monica also holds a law degree from the University of Toronto. Monica's volunteer work with organizations such as Griffin Centre, Adventure Place, Downtown Legal Services, and Pro Bono Law Canada has given her insight into the accessibility and affordability of legal needs for the marginalized. She developed My Legal Briefcase to empower individuals going to Small Claims Court. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/503 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Software-as-a-Service Offer Differentiation by Business Unit %A Islam Balbaa %X This article summarizes the author's recent research into the fit between software-as-a-service (SaaS) tools and the requirements of particular business units. First, an overview of SaaS is provided, including a summary of its benefits to users and software vendors. Next, the approach used to gather and analyze data about the SaaS solutions offered on the Force.com AppExchange is outlined. Finally, the article describes the managerial implications of this research. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/419 %N February 2011 %9 Articles %1 Kinaxis Islam Balbaa is a Technical Business Analyst at Kinaxis. He recently completed his Master's thesis on "Software as a Service Offer Differentiation based on Suitability for Particular Business Units" in the Technology Innovation Management Program at Carleton University in Ottawa. He also holds a Communications Engineering degree from Carleton University and has worked as an Application Specialist at Montera Corporation. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T The Strategic Impact of Corporate Responsibility and Criminal Networks on Value Co-Creation %A Frederick Ahen %A Peter Zettinig %X This article is motivated by the increasing concern about the ever-declining security of pharmaceutical products due to the abundance of counterfeit network actors. We argue that if networks are effective mechanisms for criminal organizations to infiltrate into any value chain, then networks should also work for responsible businesses in their quests to counter this phenomenon of value destruction, which is ultimately detrimental to the value co-creation process. Thus, this article demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the strategic impact of corporate responsibility of actors in networks on value co-creation. The current discourse on value co-creation in business networks is structured in such a way that it precludes its inherent corporate responsibility component even though they are not mutually exclusive. Moreover, research on value co-creation aimed at the proactive and responsible defence of a network substance via value co-protection has been mostly scant. We propose a model of value-optimization through value co-protection and ethical responsibility. This way of theorizing has several implications for both policy making and managerial decision making in the pharmaceutical industry and beyond. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/427 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 Turku School of Economics Frederick Ahen is a doctoral researcher at the Turku School of Economics, Turku, Finland. He holds a M.Sc. degree in International Business from the London South Bank University, London, UK and a B.Sc. in Economics and International Business from the Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy. Frederick is interested in advancing theoretical and empirical analysis into the following substantive domains: international strategies of MNCs in the science and innovation industries, especially pharmaceutical companies operating in developing economies, corporate responsibility, value co-creation, comparative institutional analysis, and criminal organizational networks. %2 Turku School of Economics Peter Zettinig received his PhD in International Business from Turku School of Economics, 2003. Before joining Turku School of Economics as Assistant Professor in 2008, Peter held the position of Senior Lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. His research interests relate to international business strategy - among others. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Trusted to Lead: Trustworthiness and its Impact on Leadership %A Taina Savolainen %A Sari Häkkinen %X This article discusses trust in leadership, a major issue in current business management. Paradoxically, in the environment of continuous change that characterizes many organizations today, trust is needed more but is enacted less. Trust forms a foundation for functioning relationships and co-operation. Trust is intangible - it is an intellectual asset, a skill, and an influencing power for leaders. Leadership by trust emphasizes trustful behaviour towards employees. In this article, we suggest that, in trust formation, it is trustworthiness in leader behaviour that matters. Showing trustworthiness by competence, integrity, benevolence, and credibility makes a difference in daily leadership work. The importance of trust in leadership has been widely recognized in the literature and business practice. This article focuses on how leaders enact on trust by showing trustworthiness to subordinates. The ways of building and sustaining trust and the effects of trustworthy and untrustworthy leader behaviour are examined. Two real life cases from industrial companies are presented and their implications are discussed. In conclusion, a leader's competence (ability) is one of the key dimensions in showing trustworthiness. As to untrustworthy behaviour, it is worth noting that building and sustaining trust is reciprocal in nature. A practical implication for leaders is that the development of an awareness of trustworthiness and skills for demonstrating it should be a top priority in the current business environment, which demands strong interaction, cooperation, and communication abilities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/429 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 University of Eastern Finland Taina Savolainen is Professor of Management and Leadership in the Department of Business at the University of Eastern Finland. Prof. Savolainen specializes in trust within organizations, leadership, organizational change, and global competitiveness management. Prior to taking up her academic appointments, Prof. Savolainen worked as a corporate advisor and deputy director in the Ministry of Trade and Industry. She has been extensively involved in management training and consulting for both private and public sector organizations, and has acted as Chief Examiner of the Finnish Quality Award. She is also CEO of the family business, TQM Finland Ltd. %2 University of Eastern Finland Sari Häkkinen is PhD. student of management and leadership at the University of Eastern Finland in the Department of Business. She received her MSc. (Econ.) from Lappeenranta University of Technology in the Department of Management and Organizations. Her current research focus is interpersonal trust and trustworthy behaviour between leaders and their subordinates, and how leadership styles affect trust building and violating trust. Sari Häkkinen has practical experience in the technology industry in the areas of human resources management and business development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Using Value Co-Creation to Redefine Business Models %A Kati Järvi %A Antti Pellinen %X In the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, a revolution is underway in the delivery channel of mobile service (or application) production and provision, and application stores are building up a central position as intermediaries in service delivery. The market is transforming from being one-sided to being two-sided. Thus in this article, we focus on integrating the business model concept with value co-creation with respect to the emergence of two-sided markets and intermediaries. As the transformation from a one-sided to a two-sided market and the birth of intermediaries bring forth value co-creation possibilities, this article aims to find out how value can be co-created in different mobile service production and provision models. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/425 %N March 2011 %9 Articles %1 Lappeenranta University of Technology Kati Järvi, MSc (Econ. and Bus. Adm), is a researcher and a PhD student at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Kouvola Unit. Her research interests include business models, value co-creation, inter-firm collaboration, and innovation management, especially in the context of two-sided markets, the ICT industry, and telecommunications. Her research has been published in international conferences and academic journals. Besides research, she teaches innovation management and strategy consulting at Lappeenranta University of Technology and has worked as a consultant in the field of ICT. %2 Tikura Ltd. Antti Pellinen, MSc (Eng.), MSc (Econ. and Bus. Adm.), is the founder and Managing Partner at Tikura Ltd., a management consulting company specialising in business development, strategy, product development, and innovation. His research interests include business models, ecosystems, and innovation management. Mr. Pellinen has a wide experience and understanding of the communication service industry from the business and service development points of view, as well as the implications brought by IP technologies and the Internet in the strategies, services and business models of the communication service industry. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2011 %T Which Gender Differences Matter for High-Tech Entrepreneurship? %A J. McGrath Cohoon %X With data from successful founders of high-tech companies, we identify traits common to large majorities of them and any gender differences in those traits. There are few. Further, we identify criteria that might lead to gender imbalance among successful founders by comparing similarities and differences in the gender distribution of these traits among the general population and among successful founders. We find that signature traits of successful founders include: motivation by the desire to build wealth, and not by the inability to find traditional employment, nor because they developed a technology in a lab environment and wanted to see it make an impact; belief that startup success was due to prior industry or work experience, lessons learned from previous successes and failures, the company's management team, and good fortune, not because of state or regional assistance or alumni networks; access to mentors, and little financial pressure for a steady income. None of these dominant traits appeared to be required unequally of men and women, although some traits were unequally distributed in the general population. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/454 %N July 2011 %9 Articles %1 National Center for Women & IT Joanne McGrath Cohoon holds positions as Associate Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Virginia and as Senior Research Scientist at the National Center for Women & IT (NCWIT). Results from her research are reported in scholarly journals and an award-winning book from MIT Press, co-edited with William Aspray: Women and Information Technology: Research on Underrepresentation. At NCWIT, Cohoon researches and creates resources on high-tech startups, entrepreneurship, gender and education, technology, organizations, and inequality. She also serves on the board of the Computer Research Association's Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W), conducts interventions with high school teachers, trains and supervises professional consultants, and collaborates on increasing women's participation in volunteer computing. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Assessing Trust Between Members of a Marketplace %A Eduardo Moraes %X Trust is very important to companies that participate in electronic markets and the keystone organizations that operate these markets. No company wishes to deal with a keystone that is not trustworthy or purchase a solution from a supplier that it does not trust. To grow a community, the keystone and the suppliers that are its marketplace members must be trusted. Providing users of a marketplace with tools to measure trust in suppliers' solutions may reduce transaction costs and increase the number of deals closed. The objective of this paper is to examine how to measure trust in suppliers' solutions offered in a marketplace. The discussion on how to measure trust in a keystone is deferred to a later paper. This paper is organized into six parts. The first part defines trust and the second examines the concept of trust transitivity, which is the use of indirect trust in a trust network. The third part describes how trust can be measured. The fourth provides an overview of the author's research, which examined how the numbers of observations about a solution-supplier's ability, integrity, and benevolence affect a customer's uncertainty and belief in the solution offered in the Eclipse Marketplace. The fifth part discusses the implications of this research for keystone operators. The last section provides conclusions and summarizes the relevance of this research. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/380 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 non~linear creations Eduardo Moraes is a Content Management System specialist with more than 15 years of experience in the IT industry. He is currently working at non~linear creations, an Ottawa-based web integration company, as a Team Lead of the Enterprise Content Management practice area. He recently finished his Master's degree at Carleton University with a thesis entitled "Assessing trust of suppliers' solutions offered in an electronic marketplace." His research interests are virtual communities, trust networks, and Web 2.0. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Bloom: A Relationship Visualization Tool for Complex Networks %A Frank Horsfall %X Faced with an ever-increasing capacity to collect and store data, organizations must find a way to make sense of it to their advantage. Methods are required to simplify the data so that it can inform strategic decisions and help solve problems. Visualization tools are becoming increasingly popular since they can display complex relationships in a simple, visual format. This article describes Bloom, a project at Carleton University to develop an open source visualization tool for complex networks and business ecosystems. It provides an overview of the visualization technology used in the project and demonstrates its potential impact through a case study using real-world data. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/373 %N August 2010 %9 Articles %1 EnTeraSec Inc. Frank Horsfall is a graduate student at Carleton University in Ottawa who is researching visualization for business ecosystems. He is also the Project Founder and Lead of Bloom and President of EnTeraSec Inc., a security services company in the Lead to Win business ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Blueprint and Approach to Grow Revenue in Small Technology Companies %A Tony Bailetti %X This article examines a new approach to grow the revenue of small technology companies and technology startups. We name this new approach the business ecosystem approach. The article is organized into five sections. The first section provides a blueprint to grow revenue and an inventory of growth formulas that top management teams of small technology companies and founders of startups find useful. The second section briefly defines business ecosystems, keystones and platforms. The third section describes the business ecosystem approach to grow the revenue of small technology companies and technology startups. It compares the traditional and business ecosystem approaches to growing revenue; identifies when the business ecosystem approach works better than the traditional approach; explains what small companies and startups need to do to grow revenue using the business ecosystem approach; and describes the benefits and risks of implementing the business ecosystem approach. The fourth section compares three approaches to growing revenue and highlights the differences between i) business ecosystems and development communities and ii) the business ecosystem approach and outsourcing. The fifth section identifies the key decisions a small technology company or technology startup needs to make to become the keystone that anchors a business ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/355 %N June 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. His research and teaching support Carleton's Technology Innovation Management program. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network and the Executive Director of Coral CEA. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Building a Business-to-Business Sales Process %A Stephen Davies %X A sales strategy is not just about closing deals, it is about defining a sales process that accurately reflects an organization, its customers, and the products or solutions that it sells. By truly understanding its customers and by actually solving its customers' problems, a company can define and execute a sales process that will increase the likelihood of reaching its ultimate objective: a closed deal and money in the bank. This article describes the steps to create a business-to-business (B2B) sales process and shows how these steps are used to build a sales funnel. It also provides tips for effective and consistent execution of that process to get initial sales and improve upon them. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/386 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 Sprott School of Business Stephen Davies is an entrepreneur and business development professional working in the National Capital Region. He has sales and marketing experience in a number of sectors, notably in online education and training products, clean tech manufacturing, and operations management consulting. Stephen also lectures at the Sprott School of Business in Entrepreneurship-related subjects and is part of the Lead to Win faculty. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Building Canada's Culture of Entrepreneurship: Sure-bet to Startup Survival %A Lisa Torjman %A Jon Worren %X This article aims to debunk common perceptions around why Canada seems to be failing in its ability to create successful startups. A robust startup sector will only be made possible if Canada invests in and nurtures a culture of entrepreneurship. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/323 %N February 2010 %9 Articles %1 MaRS Lisa Torjman, Manager of Social Innovation Projects, helps run the program SiG@MaRS. The program provides social entrepreneurs access to resources that help them combine economic profit with social purpose. As part of SiG@MaRS, Lisa launched Net Change, a weeklong event, co-created with several partners, which explores the intersection of social tech and social change. Lisa's work at MaRS ranges from strategy development to speaking engagements, most recently for CP24 and O'Reilly's Ignite series. Previously, Lisa worked as an account executive at Toronto-based social marketing agency Manifest Communications, and as an associate at the Montreal-based J.W. McConnell Family Foundation. %2 MaRS Jon Worren has 17 years of experience in management consulting, applied research, ICT and clean technology. At MaRS Jon works as a subject matter expert in Strategy and Marketing, and is responsible for developing content for early stage technology start-ups in Ontario. Outside of MaRS, Jon is the founder of ClearSkyAnalyst, a research and advisory firm covering the renewable energy industry. Prior experience includes six years working for industry advisory firm Gartner Inc in Europe, Canada and the US, and seven years working in the software industry, including the two successful software start-ups. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T The Business of Open: Common Pitfalls for Open Source Startups %A Mekki MacAulay %X Many entrepreneurs look at open source as a panacea of sorts, a golden ticket to success. They assume that the value of the open source approach is apparent to all, undeniable, and the only way. The mistake they often make is carrying this passion into the way they form their startup. They assume that open source startups are somehow different, and that as a result they will carry themselves. I was once such an entrepreneur, with such a vision. The reality is that an open source startup isn't really that different from other startups. It still needs to have figured out all of the essential components of a successful business. An open source strategy can certainly yield a competitive advantage, bringing faster time to market, lower development cost, collaboration opportunities, ecosystem positioning, and faster adoption. But, these advantages don't come along on their own. The open source strategy is just one piece of the larger business model. The other pieces have to be strong, too, or the whole might crumble. This article reviews the essentials for all startups and highlights special considerations and pitfalls for open source startups in particular. It also discusses how startups can use an open source strategy to gain competitive advantage by focusing the passion and energy surrounding participation in open source towards value creation and acquisition. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/324 %N February 2010 %9 Articles %1 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa, ON. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering, and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Cloud Computing: What is it, and How Will it Affect Organizations? %A Fred Waldner %X We believe that, in the not too distant future, most people will be making use of cloud computing. How they use the clouds will vary, but everyone will be using the cloud. It is expected that cloud computing will follow a similar path as the Internet into the corporate environment: - there will be concern about security associated with data - there will be concern about being dependent on services that are controlled by third parties - many organizations will be challenged by existing corporate processes - some organizations will be leaders in the charge while other will lag For entrepreneurial businesses, this means that cloud computing can represent business opportunities to: i) reduce costs by leveraging cloud environments to provide infrastructure and services; ii) bring an expanded portfolio of products to a global marketplace through reduced costs to access large complex infrastructure; and iii) start small and expand services quickly and economically. This article presents extracts from literature that has been published on cloud computing and provides a brief outline of a common cloud computing taxonomy used to define the cloud. After reading this article, you should have a better understanding of the basics behind cloud computing, the reasons for the large potential savings, the key challenges organizations face when implementing cloud computing, as well as the paradigm shift that cloud computing represents to organizations. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/340 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Fred Waldner is a graduate from University of Toronto's Engineering Program with a Masters in Business Administration from York Univeristy's Schulich Business School. He is currently studying Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University's Department of Systems and Computer Engineering. Mr. Waldner currently provides independent Consulting and Project Management services and is a Certified Professional Project Manager from the Project Management Institute. Mr. Waldner's previous experience includes managing projects at Xerox, Metropolitan Life and IBM, including the migration of data centres, providing traditional hosting environments to OnDemand hosting centres, and leveraging virtualized environments. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Communication Enabled Applications: What are the IP Considerations for Platform Providers? %A Patrick O'Halloran %X A platform of CEA building blocks, such as the out-of-the-box capabilities of the Coral CEA Sandbox, provides companies with the capability to quickly build new innovative products and services. Key considerations for users of the sandbox include intellectual property, licensing, and any other dependencies inherited from use of the sandbox assets. This article presents some background on this topic and examples of how to address the associated implications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/350 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Xilinx Patrick O'Halloran is a graduate of the Computer Engineering Program from University of Limerick, Ireland. He is currently studying Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University's Department of Systems and Computer Engineering. Mr. O'Halloran is a Staff Design Engineer with Xilinx Inc. (http://www.xilinx.com), within the Xilinx Design Services group, and has been working on varied consultancy projects in this role for the past 10 years. These projects have centered around Xilinx's FPGA technologies and their application to many industry verticals. He has varied interests which range from Technology Innovation, Real-Time systems and IPR in the technology domain. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Communication Enabled CRM %A Elias Majic %X Customer relationship management software is used to manage and enhance a company's interactions with its customers. Typically, CRM software integrates well with other communication software, such as email, but includes little or no integration with telephone or video conferencing systems. For companies that interact frequently with their customers or internal teams by telephone or video, this greatly limits the usefulness of their CRM system. Ideally, a CRM system offers flexibility to allow communication with customers in a variety of ways and provides consistent reporting and logging of these interactions regardless of which form of communication was used. This allows for greater insight from interactions with customers and helps better understand how to meet customer needs. This article describes our recent experiences as we set out to integrate communications services provided by Coral CEA into an open-source CRM system. CoralCEA is a platform that provides developers open application programming interfaces to easily integrate powerful communication features into web applications. In our case, we were interested in enabling telephone, telephone conferencing, and video conferencing services within a CRM application. However, the article is not just relevant to CRM users, since it illustrates how powerful communication services can be easily added to almost any existing web application. After reading this article, you will have a better understanding of the basics of CRM, how better communication improves the experience for both the company and the customer, and you will hopefully be encouraged to consider integrating powerful communication services into your own web applications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/352 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Elias Majic has a bachelor in software engineering at Carleton University. He worked for several years at software companies before pursuing a startup focused on web enabled speech recognition. He returned to graduate school to attend Carleton University's TIM program where he is currently enrolled. His thesis is focused on the adoption of speech recognition. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Communications Enabled Applications: Building Value, not Monetising APIs %A Craik Pyke %X Over the past decade there have been numerous attempts at opening telecom infrastructures to developers. As each attempt evolves to the next, there is an equal desire to monetise the exposure of telecom capabilities using traditional and well understood mechanisms: charge for necessary equipment upgrades and license the application programming interfaces on a per-invocation or "block of simultaneous invocations" basis. However, the various vendors and development companies involved in creating applications with embedded communications capabilities have had to re-examine their business and technology models in an increasingly competitive applications market where the rate of applications failing to gain market traction far outweighs the rate of success. This article looks at the history of telecommunications APIs and the predominant business models that have accompanied those interfaces. By analysing the history of telecom APIs and recognising the gradual shift from a strongly vendor controlled environment to a highly accessible component of IT networks, we can recognise the shift in revenue generation from a typical monetisation model to a value based model. Additionally, we can examine how incumbents and new entrants are dealing with the more unpredictable business models and emerging methods for de-risking value based revenue opportunities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/347 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Coral CEA Craik Pyke is a mobile enthusiast and part-time developer, with a professional background in telecommunications engineering. He has 15 years of experience in the Ottawa high tech industry, working predominantly in communications-centric organisations. Craik is presently a Senior Technical Architect for Carrier Applications and Development Ecosystems at Nortel. Additionally, Craik contributes to the Coral CEA organisation as acting Leader of Technology and Architecture, and is a contributor to iPhoneCTO.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Community 101 %A Brent McConnell %X Recently, a quote stirred some controversy among my peers. The part about "results are not the point" was hard for some people to understand and come to grips with. Aren't results always the point? Well, as with most things, "It depends". The people and community that evolve around an open source software project will ultimately determine its success. Even if the core team launches the project with spectacular productivity and results, this phase of evolution will be fleeting if the necessary processes and community to make the project a long lasting success are not put into place. This article presents some of the actions open source community leaders can take to ensure not only results, but a system that encourages productivity and longevity. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/317 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 CollabNet Brent McConnell is a self-described Community Guy who has worked in and around open source software and communities since 1997 when he happened upon a copy of Slackware. He is currently a Community Consultant with CollabNet, helping developer communities with adoption and reuse on the CollabNet TeamForge platform. He's also been the Community Manager for the Kablink Open Collaboration platform, and iFolder. Before all this "community stuff", he held jobs at Lucent Technologies, Compaq, and HP in various levels of engineering responsibility. He blogs regularly on community issues. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T CRC Mobile Broadcasting F/LOSS Projects %A François Lefebvre %X The Communications Research Centre Canada, the federal government's primary laboratory for advanced telecommunications research and development, has been at the forefront of new developments in mobile digital broadcasting technologies since their inception in the late 1980s. During this time, digital replacement technologies have been standardized in an effort to rationalize spectrum use and enhance broadcasting applications with datacasting services and associated program information. Eureka DAB was the first all-digital mobile broadcasting technology to be conceived, developed and deployed. It became a widely adopted standard for digital radio in many countries around the world in the mid-1990s. DAB was officially launched in Canada in 2000. This paper presents CRC's attempt to increase collaboration and innovation in the field of mobile broadcasting by developing and offering complete end-to-end Free, Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) toolsets for the transmission and reception of DAB and FM/RDS applications and services. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/333 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 CRC François Lefebvre joined the Communications Research Centre, Canada, in 1999 to lead its Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting team. Since then, he has contributed to numerous national and international standardization efforts and research and development projects. His recent work has focused on creating and developing open software building blocks for next-generation mobile broadcasting networks, devices and applications. With his team, he launched the CRC mmbTools and Openmokast open source software projects. He writes about the future of broadcasting on his blog Broadcasting 2.0. Mr. Lefebvre graduated from Laval University in Electrical Engineering where he also completed his M.A.Sc. in 1989. He pursued his carreer in Europe, mainly in Germany, where he worked for ten years as engineer in research and development laboratories and as freelance supervisor of software developments on emerging multimedia and Internet platforms. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Deals Without Borders: A Value Proposition for the Open Global Commerce Keystone %A Michael Ayukawa %X The Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation (OCRI) and Carleton University have envisioned the creation of a keystone anchoring a global deal-generating business ecosystem centered in Ottawa, Canada. Through the support and common resources of the ecosystem, small and medium companies located in five international capital cities will be better able to construct and close more transnational deals through a process of collaborative and open co-creation. This is the Open Global Commerce (OGC) value proposition: "Deals Without Borders." %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/378 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is founder of Cornerportal, a company making it easy and low risk to organize your own cultural event. Michael is also a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University who has embraced the paradigm of the business ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Replicable and Sustainable Model of Business Incubation %A Ian Graham %X The only constant in the world these days seems to be the accelerating rate of change. This article explores, what are in the author's opinion, the driving forces of change; the decline of the TV industrial complex, business model migration, and the emergence of the knowledge economy. The changes in the way we live and work are having a very profound impact on how businesses start and grow. The paradigm and policy of the industrial era will not pave the way to success in a knowledge-based economy. The knowledge economy requires a significant paradigm shift in the way we structure incubators to successfully nurture and grow knowledge-based businesses. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/395 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 TheCodeFactory Ian Graham is founder of TheCodeFactory, which is a business incubator and collaborative co-working space in Ottawa, Canada. The incubator focuses on early-stage software startups in the web 2.0 and mobile 2.0 spaces and leverages the native strengths of the local ecosystem. Ian is a passionate entrepreneur committed to helping early-stage businesses succeed and grow. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Service Industry to Support the Sahana Disaster Management System %A Mark Prutsalis %X The Sahana Software Foundation governs humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) projects that address the information-coordination challenges of disaster management. Sahana software has been proven effective and is recommended by numerous industry sources from both the emergency management and business sectors. It fulfills critical needs to enable organizations responding to disasters to share information across organizational lines and to track and effectively manage disaster efforts. These needs are substantial and are growing because of climate change and urban population growth, which is leaving increasing numbers of people vulnerable and susceptible to the effects of disasters. Sahana fills a unique niche in the toolkit of emergency and disaster response agencies because it facilitates critical information sharing and coordination of efforts across all types of organizations and individuals involved, and is readily flexible to the needs that arise from any particular disaster. The software has its roots in the open source business community and has always been strongly supported by that industry. In this article, we describe an industry opportunity in HFOSS and provide evidence that Sahana software can be successfully commercialized. These factors make it a ripe time for open source businesses to engage cooperatively with the Sahana Software Foundation to support the growth of a service industry around Sahana software and HFOSS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/400 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 The Sahana Software Foundation Mark Prutsalis is the President and CEO of the Sahana Software Foundation, a non-profit organization that governs the free and open source Sahana Disaster Management System. He is also the Founder and President of Globaliist Inc., an emergency management and disaster response consulting company. Mark has over 18 years of operational disaster response and emergency management experience following major international and domestic sudden onset natural and man-made disasters. He is a member of the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM), the National Emergency Management Association (NEMA), and the Humanitarian Logistics Association (HLA). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Developing a Successful Open Source Training Model %A Belinda Lopez %X Training programs for open source software provide a tangible, and sellable, product. A successful training program not only builds revenue, it also adds to the overall body of knowledge available for the open source project. By gathering best practices and taking advantage of the collective expertise within a community, it may be possible for a business to partner with an open source project to build a curriculum that promotes the project and supports the needs of the company's training customers. This article describes the initial approach used by Canonical, the commercial sponsor of the Ubuntu Linux operating system, to engage the community in the creation of its training offerings. We then discuss alternate curriculum creation models and some of the conditions that are necessary for successful collaboration between creators of existing documentation and commercial training providers. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/319 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 Canonical Belinda Lopez is a Senior Learning Consultant, currently working as the Training Project Manager for Canonical, the commercial sponsor of the Ubuntu Linux distro. For the past 15 years she has helped create innovative learning solutions for everyone from preschoolers to astronauts. Before moving into the open source world, she was an Instructional Designer and Curriculum Developer in the Human Spaceflight Training program at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Prior to that amazing experience, she worked in the Center for Technology in Teaching and Learning at her alma mater, Rice University. Belinda has been following the Ubuntu Linux project for several years, being drawn into the project by the potential to use Ubuntu in education and learning environments. She has since become active in the Ubuntu Women's Project, the Ubuntu Learning Project and Edubuntu and hopes to encourage others to become more active in the various open source communities. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Differentiating Community from Customers in an F/LOSS Business %A Matthew Aslett %A Stephen Walli %X When software companies using free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) in their product and service offerings attempt to manage the customer pipeline and develop a community, problems may arise. Project communities and customer pipelines are not the same thing, although some participants belong to both groups. This creates confusion in the business and tension with the community. F/LOSS communities have been on the rise for the past two decades. Companies began to form around F/LOSS projects in the early 1990s, with some creating their own F/LOSS projects and some wrapping themselves around existing projects. This has created tension between company managers who are trying to earn profits from software that is "available for free," and from developers in communities that do not necessarily want to create software for someone else's corporate gain. This happens regardless of whether the company created the F/LOSS-licensed project itself, or participates in external communities around other projects, or both. This article demonstrates that separating the concepts of community and customer, and of project and product, allows a business to manage clearly both challenges of developing an engaged community and maximizing profits. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/385 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 The 451 Group Matthew Aslett is Senior Analyst, Enterprise Software for The 451 Group and covers the business of free and open source software for The 451 Group's Commercial Adoption of Open Source practice and data management software for the Information Management practice. Prior to joining The 451 Group, Matthew was Deputy Editor of the monthly magazine Computer Business Review and ComputerWire's daily news service. There he covered Linux and open source software and launched the successful Open Source Weblog in January 2006. %2 CodePlex Foundation Stephen R. Walli is Technical Director for the CodePlex Foundation. He has been in the software industry since 1980 as both customer and vendor. Previously as a consultant his clients included Symbian, Microsoft, and the Eclipse and Linux Foundations. In 1995, he was a founder and Vice-President, Research and Development at Softway Systems, a venture-backed startup that developed Interix to migrate UNIX applications to Windows NT based on the POSIX/UNIX standards he helped develop. Interix was Softway developed code, Microsoft licensed code, and a wealth of OSS covered by many licenses. Microsoft acquired Softway in 1999, where Stephen spent five years before joining another open source based start-up, Optaros, as Vice-President, Open Source Development Strategy. He left Optaros in 2006 to pursue his own interests. Stephen organized the first Beijing Open Source Software Forum as part of the Software Innovation Summit 2007, and remains interested in OSS growth in China. He blogs at: http://stephesblog.blogs.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Cloud Services (April 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %A Mike Kavis %X Cloud computing may be the biggest game changer within the enterprise since the adoption of the Internet in the 1990s and the personal computer in the 1980s. The economic climate, coupled with the rate at which technology is changing, is forcing companies to reduce information technology (IT) expenditures, increase productivity, and build more collaborative solutions as opposed to building everything internally. Cloud computing allows companies to outsource functions that are not core to their business or have become a commodity. Much of the technology driving cloud computing services is open source software. The LAMP stack has become widely adopted as the standard engine running much of the cloud services. With the exception of Microsoft's Azure cloud platform, most cloud service providers have embraced open source software, allowing them to drive costs down while providing reliable services for their customers. Pay-as-you-go is the new economic model for IT as we enter a new decade. Gone will be the days of making large purchases of commercial software with huge maintenance costs. In this new world, enterprises will consume only the services they need, only when they need them, and will pay for the resources required to scale up and down as necessary. This paradigm shift should force IT executives to focus more on building business functionality and less on managing and maintaining infrastructure and commodity applications. Open source software will play a huge role in making the shift to cloud computing economically feasible. At the same time, commercial software companies are racing to the cloud and are struggling to replace their expensive software licensing models with a pay-as-you-go model in order to make them an attractive alternative to open source software in the cloud. It should be interesting to see how this plays out over the next few years. The articles that follow provide insights into what cloud computing is and how it is changing the IT landscape. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/338 %N April 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 Mike Kavis is CTO of M-Dot Network and Vice President and Director of Social Technologies for the Center for the Advancement of the Enterprise Architecture Profession (CAEAP). Mike received his BS in Computer Science from Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and his MBA and MSIT from Colorado Tech. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Communications Enabled Applications (May 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %A Chris McPhee %X As anyone with a smartphone can appreciate, the power of having a mobile phone that can can access the Internet creates significant value for users and opportunities for businesses. This device-level integration of communication services and web applications is now common. However, we are only now scratching the surface of the next step in value: application-level integration. The ability to integrate communications services within web applications opens up tremendous opportunities. Examples of communications enabled applications include simple click-to-call links on a website, conference calls initiated by applications or users in response to events, interactive voice response menus, and any number of other ways that communication services, such as messaging, voice, and conference calls, can be integrated into an application to add value. I recently had the pleasure of coordinating the activities of a group of entrepreneurs, developers, and architects as they explored together how CEAs can add value to their offerings and their business ecosystem. The Elena Project was funded by IRAP to stimulate small technology companies to develop working prototypes of CEAs and expand the capabilities of the Coral CEA business ecosystem and sandbox. The project focused on using four voice services and the open source web conferencing tool BigBlueButton. Among the outcomes of this project was the realization that significant value can be leveraged when communications features become integral parts of applications. In this issue of the OSBR, a diverse group of authors share their experiences and knowledge to help others explore the value CEAs could bring to their own offerings. All of the authors in this issue participated directly in the Elena project or present analysis relating to Coral CEA. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/346 %N May 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 Carleton University Chris McPhee is a graduate student in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. Chris received his BScH and MSc in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles within science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Economic Development (November 2010) %A Chris McPhee %A Saad Bashir %X Economic development: these two simple words are excessively used and often misused in many contexts, including municipal government. In this issue of the OSBR, we offer a mainly municipal perspective under which we discuss what economic development means and what it can deliver. Economic development acts as a headlight that can guide a city like Ottawa through a fog of national and international competition and uncertain economic realities. It is an overarching role that nudges the local government towards smart decisions around long-term investments such as infrastructure. Achieving sustainable economic development for Ottawa means investment in the creation of a toolkit that consists of tourism development, community and social economic development, transportation access, entrepreneurship support, investment attraction, workforce development and academia, export development, and performance measurement. Such a toolkit is what encourages partnerships between stakeholders and facilitates the environment for healthy economic development conditions. This last element, performance measurement, deserves honest attention but is often found missing in an economic development plan. Just like a private sector firm that must always have its eyes on its bottom line and profitability, a city must constantly measure its economic development execution and adapt to changing circumstances. This can be achieved through a comprehensive scorecard or dashboard that analyzes trends over time, as well as compares Ottawa's performance versus its competitors. Economic development is no different than the business development unit of a firm that not only has the responsibility of creating market opportunities for its company's products, but also the crucial task of conveying back-market intelligence. From the City of Ottawa's perspective, the product we should be selling to both local residents and international community is the city brand, including business, tourism, and academia, as well as gathering competitive intelligence to continuously tweak our offering. Similar to cities whose future is dependent and linked to natural resources, Ottawa's economic future is tied to a rare resource as well. However, it is not found under the earth but between the ears of the knowledge-based workers that drive innovation in Ottawa. In today's environment, where both the knowledge-based work force and investment capital are highly fluid, the economic development challenge is to relentlessly retain and grow this knowledge resource. Economic development is the type of investment that will help Ottawa earn its way to be one of the world's leading centres for business, tourism, and academia. Conversely, lack of economic development vision and investment will undoubtedly leave the city's fortunes to luck. In this issue, the authors provide diverse perspectives and insights that will help all of us address the challenges of economic development and the knowledge-based economy. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/390 %N November 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 City of Ottawa Saad Bashir is Manager of Economic Development for the City of Ottawa. Previously, he was with Calgary Economic Development, as a Senior Business Development Manager with the responsibility of leading economic development activities for Calgary's Energy sector. Saad has also worked with leading international and Canadian corporations including Nortel Networks, Canadian Pacific Railway, Citibank, and Flextronics. He holds a Bachelor of Computer Engineering degree from Queen's University and is a past board member of Immigrant Services of Calgary. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Go To Market (July 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %A Corien Kershey %X Historically, the concept of going to market is fraught with misinterpretation, doubt, and anxiety. In Canada, the term "go to market" typically means the task of readying a product for market. In this context, it is interchangeable with "commercialization," which is another concept suffering in Canada from a definition that generally does not go beyond a software maker's front door. In other parts of the world, and specifically in the U.S., the term "go to market" is clearly interpreted as meaning all the activities required to successfully launch a product into the marketplace and realize both market share and profit. Going to market is about bringing the right benefit to the right market at the right price through the right channels. Ideally, the entire go-to-market process begins with the identification of a problem or sought-after benefit that a market segment has deemed a priority. More realistically, though, it begins with identifying the segment that best suits the software offering and then determines the business model, positioning and message, pricing, channels, and engagement techniques that will work best in building share in that segment. This issue attempts to take some of the doubt and anxiety from what seems to be the daunting task of pushing a product out of the door and into the harsh realities of a demanding market. It provides clear-eyed discussions of some of the main components, tips and advice from the "battle-scarred," and useful tools that can be readily used. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/361 %N July 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Marketing Magnitude Corien Kershey is a partner in Marketing Magnitude, specializing in strategic market and communications planning and execution. Corien has more than 20 years of marketing and executive management experience, and before Magnitude most recently with HBS, one of Canada's foremost agencies in technology marketing. Corien has developed successful brand and communication programs for technology accounts such as Mitel, Borderware, Compugen, Omnivex, and Pyrophotonics. Before joining HBS, Corien held CEO and Vice-President roles with satellite carrier TMI, Simware, NetManage, Buystream, FuseTalk, Serviceswitch, and Trigence. Corien served as Director of the Marketing Certification Program at the Sprott School of Business and continues to actively teach in Lead to Win. She holds three degrees from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Growing Business (June 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %A Mekki MacAulay %X Growth is important for any business, especially technology companies that operate in an environment of constant innovation, advancement, and evolving consumer needs. It is essential to maintain long term profitability, develop a brand, and attract new investment. But the path to successful growth is not obvious, and is filled with hurdles. Growth requires capital, making consistent revenue a necessity. But figuring out the smartest way to invest capital to promote growth can be a daunting task. Growth can also require some experimentation with different stategies, weathering the occasional failure along the way, in order to find one that is the right fit for the company. But where do you start? Book stores have hundreds of books on business growth, with many promising a surefire strategy for success. But the reality is that there is no single growth formula that works for all businesses. Entrepreneurs must understand what drives their business--something that might be very different from other, similar businesses--and leverage this knowledge in order to grow. Growth requires focus, and energy must be directed on one particular aspect at a time, such as revenue growth, market growth, product line growth, or even shareholder growth. Trying to extend in all directions at once is a sure path to failure. Disciplined, incremental, consistent growth is the formula for success, no matter how that success is defined by the business. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/354 %N June 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa, ON. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering, and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Humanitarian Open Source (December 2010) %A Chris McPhee %A Leslie Hawthorn %X In recent years, our increasingly connected world has provided us with a greater understanding of the needs of our fellow global citizens. The devastating worldwide impact of natural disasters, disease, and poverty has been raised in our collective awareness and our ability to collectively alleviate this suffering has been brought to the fore. While many of us are familiar with donating our funds to better the lives of those less fortunate than ourselves, it is often easy to overlook a core component of facing these global challenges: information technology. The humanitarian open source movement seeks to ameliorate these sufferings through the creation of IT infrastructure to support a wide array of goals for the public good, such as providing effective healthcare or microloans to the poorest of the poor. Achieving these goals requires a sophisticated set of software and hardware tools, all of which work to save and improve lives in some of the most difficult of situations where the availability of electricity, data, IT knowledge, etc. may be low or lacking altogether. It should come as no surprise that the humanitarian open source domain attracts a great deal of attention from software developers, engineers, and others who find that they are able to both solve intense technical challenges while helping to improve the lives of others. However, to support ongoing humanitarian needs, the communities who produce humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) and hardware have increasingly identified the need for business models to support their efforts. While the lower cost of using open source software and hardware solutions means that more funds can be directed to aid and comfort those in need, the goodwill of developer communities and the funds of grantees alone cannot grow the ecosystem sufficiently to meet ever-growing global needs. To face these challenges - poverty, global health crises, disaster relief, etc. - humanitarian open source projects must fully engage the market and provide cost-effective, efficient solutions to the technical aspects of these challenges. In this issue of the OSBR, our authors from several open source software and hardware projects explore not only the global need for humanitarian open source projects, but also the business cases for humanitarian-focused ICT. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/398 %N December 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 Oregon State University's Open Source Lab Leslie Hawthorn is the Open Source Outreach Manager for Oregon State University's Open Source Lab. Previously, she was Program Manager for Google's Open Source Programs Office, where she was the Community Manager for the Google Summer of Code community. She conceived, launched, and managed the Google Highly Open Participation Contest (now Google Code-in), the world's first global initiative to get pre-university students involved in all aspects of Open Source software development. Leslie has also organized more than 100 open source conferences and hackathons, most held at Google's Corporate Headquarters in Mountain View, California, USA. When not wrangling FOSS developers, she's usually speaking about Open Source, FOSS in education, and community building. Leslie holds a Honors B.A. in English Language and Literature from U.C. Berkeley. Her personal website is hawthornlandings.org. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Interdisciplinary Lessons (August 2010) %A Chris McPhee %A Mekki MacAulay %X Some believe that great advances, discoveries, and innovation result from concentrated efforts within distinct fields. However, progress using this traditional practice has been slowing for some time. The next great discoveries are unlikely to come from further refinements in highly-specialized fields working in isolation. Rather, they will come from creative collaboration between practitioners and researchers from two or more distinct fields, combining their knowledge, theoretical principles, and methodologies in ways never before considered. This issue analyzes lessons from other disciplines to provide a new perspective on the challenges faced by open source communities, practitioners, entrepreneurs, and other participants. The goal is to extract and apply the collective wisdom of a diverse group of authors to help solve relevant problems. The first two articles in this issue provide specific interdisciplinary lessons from diverse fields that are relevant to open source communities. The remaining articles describe projects in which platforms are being developed to promote, encourage, and analyze interdisciplinary work. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/368 %N August 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %2 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Keystone Companies (September 2010) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Keystone Companies. A keystone company is the member of a business ecosystem that owns, operates, and evolves the platform. The origin of the keystone concept is a good example of the importance of interdisciplinary lessons, which was the theme of last month's issue. In an architectural arch, the wedge-shaped piece of stone in the centre is called the keystone. It is regarded as holding all the other stones in place and the arch would collapse if it were removed. Although most arches would collapse upon the removal of any of the other stones, the keystone is usually the final stone put in place during construction and is required to realize the structural integrity of the arch. Accordingly, in addition to its central physical position in the arch, it has been given a symbolic position of disproportionate importance in relation to the other stones. The strong symbolism of the keystone has lead to the term being applied to other situations and systems where one element exerts disproportionate influence over the other elements and therefore plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the system. In particular, the term has been adopted in the biology literature using the concept of a keystone species in an ecosystem or community. In turn, the concept and its related research have been applied to the management literature where, instead of a keystone species, a particular organization or company plays the role of a keystone in a business ecosystem. In biology, the defining characteristic of a keystone species is that its influence is disproportionate to what might be expected based simply on its total biomass in the community. A classic example is the North American beaver (Castor canadensis), which exerts a disproportionate effect on its habitat through its dam-building activities. Although the "keystone" label is applied to the species, it actually reflects the role the species currently plays within a specific ecosystem. Thus, the keystone concept is context dependent; the importance of a species in one community may be different from its importance in another. The keystone species concept has been the subject of intense debate and research activity over the past 40 years. Biologists wish to identify and study the effects of keystone species primarily to guide conservation management. The keystone species concept suggests that management efforts can be focused on protecting an individual keystone species, and these focused efforts also theoretically provide protection for the other species that depend directly on the keystone or indirectly on the community it maintains. In business management, the keystone species concept proved to be a useful interdisciplinary lesson, but not before another concept was borrowed from biology. The framework of the biological ecosystem concept was first applied to the business management field by James Moore in 1993 when he introduced the term "business ecosystem" in his article "Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition." Moore used this new term to describe an economic community of organizations that co-evolved their capabilities around a particular innovation and work cooperatively to meet the needs of customers. Building on Moore's work, others have extended the business ecosystem concept and suggested that the keystone species concept in biological ecosystems can be usefully applied to business ecosystems. In particular, through their book The Keystone Advantage, Marco Iansiti and Roy Levien popularized the concept of strategically minded keystone companies that, "shape and coordinate the ecosystem, largely by the dissemination of platforms that form a foundation for ecosystem innovation and operations." In this issue of the OSBR, the authors offer different perspectives on a new approach for small technology companies, industry associations and business development organizations to generate revenue. The new approach builds on the keystone company concept. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/375 %N September 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Mobile (March 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %A Thomas Kunz %A François Lefebvre %X Open source software and hardware has become an accepted way of developing new and interesting applications in many information and communication technology domains: operating systems, databases, Web infrastructure, and applications. It's not surprising that with the increasing popularity of mobile handheld devices, users and researchers have explored the power of open approaches to providing innovative new applications and services in this domain. However, unlike personal computers and the Internet, mobile handsets were tightly controlled by mobile network operators (MNOs) who developed a vertical ecosystem by integrating the communication infrastructure, the handheld device hardware, and often the applications installed on those devices. The software and protocols running the mobile communications infrastructure and devices are often standardized by membership-only bodies, where large MNOs and manufacturers have a predominant influence. These players invest significant financial resources into shaping the industry along their vision to gain a competitive advantage. A current example is the ongoing battle about the dominant radio access technology for 4G cellular systems: LTE vs. Wimax. These trends have changed recently. Companies such as Google, Nokia, or Openmoko and Industry Alliances such as the Open Handset Alliance are providing the core building blocks, both in hardware as well as software, of increasingly open mobile devices. This issue of the OSBR reviews the relevant trends in the open mobile platform space from a number of perspectives. As the articles in these issue show, there is a lot of exciting ongoing work that brings the power of open source development to the mobile space. This trend is not just confined to the mobile devices as there are also efforts in the development of open mobile infrastructure elements and whole systems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/329 %N March 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 Carleton University Thomas Kunz received a double honours degree in Computer Science and Business Administration and the Dr. Ing. degree in Computer Science from the Technical University of Darmstadt. He is currently a Professor in Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. His research interests are primarily in the area of wireless and mobile computing. The main thrust is to facilitate the development of innovative next-generation mobile applications on resource-constraint, hand-held devices, exploring the required network architectures, network protocols, and middleware layers. He authored or co-authored close to 150 technical papers, received a number of awards, and is involved in national and international conferences and workshops. Dr. Kunz is a member of ACM and the IEEE Computer Society. %3 CRC François Lefebvre joined the Communications Research Centre, Canada, in 1999 to lead its Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting team. Since then, he has contributed to numerous national and international standardization efforts and research and development projects. His recent work has focused on creating and developing open software building blocks for next-generation mobile broadcasting networks, devices and applications. With his team, he launched the CRC mmbTools and Openmokast open source software projects. He writes about the future of broadcasting on his blog Broadcasting 2.0. Mr. Lefebvre graduated from Laval University in Electrical Engineering where he also completed his M.A.Sc. in 1989. He pursued his carreer in Europe, mainly in Germany, where he worked for ten years as engineer in research and development laboratories and as freelance supervisor of software developments on emerging multimedia and Internet platforms. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Sales Strategy (2010) %A Chris McPhee %X The editorial theme for this issue of the OSBR is Sales Strategy. While "marketing" is everything a company does to build interest in its offers, "sales" consists of converting these offers into cash. By "sales strategy," we refer to all sales planning and process development activities leading up to the actual selling of a product or service. In his recent blog post at MaRS Discovery District, Mark Zimmerman answered a question he is frequently asked by the founders of startups: "How do we find a good sales person?" In short, his answer is "Don't." This is not meant as a slight to sales professionals, but rather, Zimmerman is advocating that companies should not equate having sales professionals to having a sales strategy. Sales professionals have a critical role to play in a company's success, but they are being given an impossible task if asked to sell something that has not been validated with customers. Zimmerman explains that sales professionals should be hired only once a company has validated that the value proposition resonates with customers and that the sales model will be effective. This lesson also applies to established companies, where existing sales staff require this same foundation to be effective. So how does a company determine whether its value proposition resonates with customers? The answer, of course, is to talk to customers. In the OSBR and elsewhere, the need for early customer input is a dominant theme in recent discussions of product development, marketing, and now sales strategy. By talking to customers, listening to how they describe their needs, and interpreting how their needs could be met, a value proposition can tested and refined. It is far more efficient and effective to iteratively refine a value proposition before attempting to sell than to attempt a salvage operation in response to slumping sales. Customer input is also a critical ingredient in developing an effective sales strategy. In this issue of the OSBR, our authors provide a diversity of perspectives on sales strategy development and implementation, including the role of customer input. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/384 %N October 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Open Source Business Resource Chris McPhee is in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. Chris received his BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, following which he worked in a variety of management, design, and content development roles on science education software projects in Canada and Scotland. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Startups (February 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %X Bob Sutor, Vice President of the Open Source and Linux division at IBM, recently stated that "there doesn't seem to be very many good guides about the nuts and bolts of starting an open source business". He speculates that one reason is that "there is no one way to start and run a business that involves open source". The authors in this issue of the OSBR are serial entrepreneurs, startup founders, and professionals who provide services to and interact daily with startups. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/322 %N February 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Editorial: Success Factors (January 2010) %A Dru Lavigne %X The editorial theme for the January issue of the OSBR is "success factors". Which factors separate the open source projects that provide quality software and receive wide-spread adoption from other projects which are not well maintained? What traits should a business look for when considering which open source software to use? How does a company decide which open source project to contribute to, partner with, or use as a base to build its products or services? The authors in this issue explore: the importance of well defined processes, the value of documentation to end users, the diverse tasks of a community manager, the value provided by participants who don't contribute code, and how a community can assist in creating training materials. Each concentrates on a particular success factor, and as a whole, provide a fuller picture of what to look for in a successful open source project or company. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/314 %N January 2010 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Emerging Open Source Health Information Business Ecosystems in Resource-Poor Environments: the OpenMRS Experience %A Dawn Smith %X OpenMRS is a rapidly growing open source community that supports emerging healthcare environments around the world through the collaborative development of an open source medical record system platform. This article provides a brief history of the project, including how the humble beginnings of the collaborative have grown to unlock business opportunities for indigenous populations and also provide sustainable, scalable, locally supported health information infrastructures. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/403 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 OpenMRS Dawn Smith is the Project Coordinator for OpenMRS. She completed her Master of Public Health (MPH) degree at Indiana University with a focus in both social and behavioral sciences and international health. In 2007, she worked with AMPATH's Psychosocial Department in Eldoret, Kenya, and in 2008, worked at the Institute of Development Management in Gaborone, Botswana. Dawn is currently in the process of completing the necessary steps to formalize OpenMRS into a non-profit organization. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Enterprise Mashups: Cloud-Based, Cloud-Driven and Cloud-Derived Applications %A John Crupi %A Chris Warner %X After Google Maps Mashups launched the mashup craze in 2005, this consumer-based idea quickly evolved, matured and migrated into the enterprise. Structured tools and platforms emerged that codified more formal, repeatable approaches to mashups emerged, including products like IBM Mashup Center, JackBe Presto, and WSO2 Mashup Server. Finally, the emergence of cloud-based hosting platforms and cloud-based data services have given many enterprises access to a richer set of options for mashup creation and deployment. So where are mashups in the enterprise today? The goal of this article is to document and share mashups use-cases. It is also an effort to expand upon the previous OSBR articles Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation and Mapping Mashup Ecosystems. We hope you find it provides practical mashup implementation examples and patterns collected through empirical and anecdotal research conducted with commercial and government mashup practioners. In the last three years we have performed many formal interviews and surveys with commercial and government mashup practioners in all 50 United States and over 50 countries around the world. The examples in this article are based on the practical implementation examples and patterns collected through this empirical research as well as anecdotal information from our own implementation experiences of 'inside the firewall' and cloud-based mashups. Much of the research cited is based upon data collected from the 3,890 members of JackBe's Mashup Developer Community and that community's Presto Cloud mashup platform running on Amazon EC2. From our research we've learned many things about the ways in which mashups are (or are expected to be) applied. One macro-trend appears to unite all other enterprise mashup trends and patterns: enterprise mashups are most applicable in data-intensive areas of an organization where i) information needs are dynamic; and ii) data must reach the user. Given the explosive rate of data growth in enterprise data in recent years, enterprise mashups can have meaning to just about every organization. The cloud plays a critical role in the relevance and value of enterprise mashups. The value of a mashup increases exponentially as more data sources are incorporated into them. It is easy to assume that the onus is upon data sources inside the enterprise firewall and in the past this was generally true. The recent rapid growth of enterprise-quality cloud-based data sources makes it much easier to establish genuinely meaningful mashups from third-party data services. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/344 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 JackBe Corporation John Crupi is CTO at JackBe Corporation. John has 20 years experience in OO and enterprise distributed computing. John spent eight years with Sun Microsystems, serving as a Distinguished Engineer and CTO for Sun's Enterprise Web Services Practice. He is co-author of the highly popular Core J2EE Patterns book, has written many articles for various magazines and is a well-known speaker around the globe. He is a frequent blogger and was recently featured on Fox Business Network. John was also named as a member of the Software Development Magazine's Dream Team and a Washingtonian Magazine Tech Titan. John can be found on Twitter. %2 JackBe Corporation Chris Warner is Vice President of Marketing at JackBe and he co-manages JackBe's 3,800-member Mashup Developer Community. Chris has more than 18 years of experience in all types of enterprise software environments, private and public, big and small. He has published articles and blogs in many notable journals including SAP Netweaver Magazine, Ajax World Magazine, The SOA Magazine, and SOA World Magazine. Chris can be found on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube, and a few trout streams in Montana. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Entrepreneurial Growth: An Entrepreneur's Choice %A Tomas Marko %X Growth is a risky but necessary procedure for startups to survive. Growth may be assessed in the context of employees, customers, revenue, liquidity, profit, geographic locations and a variety of other dimensions. Regardless of the growth type, hurdles always exist. An entrepreneur who understands the risks, and knowingly takes them, will have a chance to grow; whereas one who is not willing to take risks will not. This article describes both the risks and benefits associated with growth. It then examines six hurdles entrepreneurs face when attempting to grow a company: company culture, networks, strategic planning, money, company structure, and skill development. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/357 %N June 2010 %9 Articles %1 Lead to Win Tomas Marko is a graduate student in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management Program. Tomas received his BS in Engineering Science and Mechanics, minoring in Nanotechnology from The Pennsylvania State University in State College. He is currently doing research with Lead to Win companies confirming growth identifiers for micro-tech startups. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Establishing and Engaging an Active Open Source Ecosystem with the BeagleBoard %A Jason Kridner %X There should be little doubt that any given area of technology will eventually be occupied by open solutions. Rather, it is a question of "who" and "when." In mobile and embedded platforms, there is not a single dominant proprietary solution to displace, unlike desktop software. Instead, open software produces interface and compatibility experiences on par with proprietary software. At points where no proprietary solution is clearly differentiated from open solutions and the barriers to participation are kept low, open innovation thrives at the forefront of the technology. This article introduces BeagleBoard, a project that creates powerful, open, and embedded devices based on the BeagleBoard hardware, a low-cost, fan-less single-board computer. By lowering the barriers to participation and making commitments to support and sustain the architecture to preserve the innovation from that participation, BeagleBoard.org has built an active and growing community of hobbyists and professionals advancing the state of the art in low-power embedded computing, here and now. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/331 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 Texas Instruments Jason Kridner is the open platforms principal architect at Texas Instruments Incorporated. He is passionate about pervasive and accessible computing platforms. Kridner graduated from Texas A and M with a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering and was drawn by the allure of digital signal processing to TI in 1992. He began as a hardware developer, working on board, FPGA, and ASIC designs. Utilizing software experience prior to TI, Kridner transitioned to lead software development of low-power media software, audio processing, file systems, USB drivers, digital rights management, and video codecs. He now defines software architectures that enable a broad body of developers on TI's ARM and DSP based catalog processors. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Experiences From the OSSIE Open Source Software Defined Radio Project %A Carl B. Dietrich %A Jeffrey H. Reed %A Stephen H. Edwards %A Frank E. Kragh %X This article briefly describes OSSIE, a university-based open source Software Defined Radio project based on the U.S. Department of Defense's Software Communications Architecture. The OSSIE software has proven useful for rapid prototyping by industry as well as for published research and education of hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students and short course participants. In addition to examples of OSSIE's successes, the project's challenges and approaches to mitigating and overcoming them are described. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/334 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 Virginia Tech Carl B. Dietrich is a Research Assistant Professor in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech, where he completed Ph.D. and M.S. degrees after graduating from Texas A and M University. He worked with the Defense Information Systems Agency, Arlington, Virginia and Bell Northern Research, Richardson, Texas and conducted research on adaptive and diversity antenna systems and radio wave propagation. His current work in software defined radio (SDR) includes leading projects related to the OSSIE open source effort. He chairs the Wireless Innovation Forum Educational Work Group, is a member of IEEE, ASEE, and Eta Kappa Nu, and is a Professional Engineer in Virginia. %2 Virginia Tech Jeffrey H. Reed is the Willis G. Worcester Professor in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and director of Wireless @ Virginia Tech. His area of expertise is in software radios, cognitive radios, wireless networks, and communications signal processing. He is an IEEE Fellow and the author of Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Design (Prentice Hall, 2002) and An Introduction to Ultra Wideband Communication Systems (Prentice Hall, 2005). %3 Virginia Tech Stephen H. Edwards, Associate Professor of Computer Science at Virginia Tech, has interests in component-based software, automated software testing, and educational uses of computers. As the PI on an NSF phase II CCLI project, he developed Web-CAT, the most widely used open-source automated grading tool for computer programming assignments, with nearly 10,000 users at over 30 institutions worldwide. He is also a member of his department's undergraduate program committee, and chair of the subcommittee on curriculum and courses. Dr. Edwards has a background in component-based systems and has collaborated on software-defined radio research since 2007. %4 Naval Postgraduate School Frank E. Kragh is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Dr. Kragh received his B.S. from Caltech in 1986, his M.S. from the University of Central Florida in 1990, and his Ph.D. from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1997. His chief research and teaching interests are digital communications, software defined radio, multiple-input multiple-out systems, and military communications systems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Fundamentals of a Volume Market Engine %A Fred Holahan %X This article discusses the unique challenges commercial open source companies face in bringing their products and services to market. It recommends an overhaul of traditional software vendor market approaches in favour of a volume market strategy and identifies the core technology, content, and best practice methodologies of that strategy. The article is organized into five sections. The first section discusses the nature of open source customer relationships. It explains why the traditional sales funnel metrics do not apply in a commercial open source context. The second section introduces the concept of "progressive engagement" and discusses the lifecycle of open source relationships. The third section, multi-channel demand generation, identifies techniques for improving lead flow and quality by incorporating traditional lead sourcing techniques into the volume market model. The fourth section makes the case for marketing automation software and discusses some of the critical elements of an automated marketing infrastructure. The fifth section covers high-value content - the raw fuel of a volume market engine. It offers helpful insights for marketers to build and manage their content portfolios. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/363 %N July 2010 %9 Articles %1 Open Source Advisory Fred Holahan is founder and president of Open Source Advisory (OSA). OSA helps early stage software companies design and implement high-powered volume market distribution strategies. OSA specializes in the unique challenges facing commercial open source start-ups, including licensing strategies, product/service mix, free-to-fee crossover, and volume demand creation. Fred has over 25 years of technology market experience and has been the founding CEO of three prior companies: LexiBridge Corporation (acquired by Level3 Communications), GemLogic, Inc. (acquired by Silverstream Software), and Active Endpoints, Inc. Fred is a recognized open source expert and pioneer of the progressive engagement model of volume market interaction. He holds a MBA from the Olin School of Management at Babson College and a BS in Management Science from the University of Maine. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Go-to-Market Targeting: Know the Market and Whether It Cares %A Corien Kershey %X This article explores the importance of good segmenting and targeting to early-stage companies. Most software companies fail within the first three years, and one of the prime reasons is a lack of a focused approach to a single, carefully-chosen target market. Most software companies take the approach of attacking multiple segments simultaneously to see which will work out best, but run out of time and money before they reach an answer. A concentrated strategy that focuses resources on a single segment that the company can win and dominate quickly significantly reduces go-to-market risk. Choosing a segment in the right direction is more important than choosing the right segment. This article provides a series of six steps to help companies work through a segmenting and targeting exercise that will give them the best chance of success. The article provides real-world tools to help deal with an essential issue. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/362 %N July 2010 %9 Articles %1 Marketing Magnitude Corien Kershey is a partner in Marketing Magnitude, specializing in strategic market and communications planning and execution. Corien has more than 20 years of marketing and executive management experience, and before Magnitude most recently with HBS, one of Canada's foremost agencies in technology marketing. Corien has developed successful brand and communication programs for technology accounts such as Mitel, Borderware, Compugen, Omnivex, and Pyrophotonics. Before joining HBS, Corien held CEO and Vice-President roles with satellite carrier TMI, Simware, NetManage, Buystream, FuseTalk, Serviceswitch, and Trigence. Corien served as Director of the Marketing Certification Program at the Sprott School of Business and continues to actively teach in Lead to Win. She holds three degrees from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Growing Revenue with Open Source %A Mekki MacAulay %X To survive, a company must grow revenue from the core of their business. This article describes how open source can be used to help support revenue growth. We suggest seven strategies and provide examples of successful implementations for each. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/356 %N June 2010 %9 Articles %1 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa, ON. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering, and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T How the FreeBSD Project's Processes Help Companies Build Products %A George Neville-Neil %X The processes that open source projects use to produce new work and maintain the quality of their code base is a subject that comes up infrequently in discussions of open source. One reason for this is that engineers and programmers are usually loathe to deal with issues that are not directly related to the piece of code or technology that they are working on. Successful businesses know that good processes lead to continued success. The attributes that attract a business to an open source project are stability, reliability, and longevity. Stability gives a business the confidence to invest time into developing products on the project's platform, safe in the knowledge that the next incremental step in development won't be torpedoed by some unforeseen change. Reliability is often not associated with open source and many projects are perceived as being too cutting edge for a business to build upon. Longevity is of value as many businesses are inherently conservative in their approaches, attempting to reduce the risks of adopting any technique or technology. One way to reduce risk is to work with an open source project that has a proven track record of delivering quality products, on schedule. This article attempts to dispel the myth of the perceived tension between a formally run business and the apparently less formally run open source projects with which a business interacts. We describe how one particular open source project has developed processes which provide its users, customers, and partners with a product that is stable, reliable, and long lived. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/315 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 FreeBSD Project George Neville-Neil works on networking and operating system code for fun and profit. He also teaches various courses on subjects related to computer programming. His professional areas of interest include code spelunking, operating systems, networking and security. He is the co-author with Marshall Kirk McKusick of The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System and is the columnist behind ACM Queue's "Kode Vicious." Mr. Neville-Neil earned his bachelor's degree in computer science at Northeastern University and is a member of the ACM, the Usenix Association and the IEEE. He is an avid bicyclist and traveler who currently resides in New York City. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T How to Add Value to your Business with CEA: A Practical Approach %A Daniel Cardenas %X Companies are always trying to differentiate themselves from the rest of the pack by applying different strategies such as improving customer service, increasing the efficiency of their operations, or reducing their costs. Most of the time, however, these goals are competing against each other for scarce resources, and managers often need to decide to concentrate on one. A small company can effectively and simultaneously accomplish these goals for a fraction of the cost by implementing communications-enabled business processes or solutions, which are a set of technology components that add real-time networking functionality to applications. One particular implementation of this framework is the one provided by Coral CEA. Coral CEA is a business ecosystem anchored around CEA functionalities that are offered as building blocks, out-of-the-box components that link the capabilities and intelligence of networks platforms with the power of current applications to provide a new set of features and functionalities. In this article, we show how a small company called Rezact, located in the ski resort town of Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, successfully implemented CEA capabilities within its own operations using Coral CEA services. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/348 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Rezact Daniel Cardenas is a Software Architect at Rezact Inc, a software company dedicated to create a new reservation system called Activity Box. Thanks to the efficiency in the reservation process gained with the new system, our client broke in 2009 a life-time sales record for a single day of reservations. Before joining Rezact in 2006, Daniel worked for more than 10 years as a Programmer and IT Project Manager for several companies in the finance and manufacturing sectors. Daniel holds a BSc in Systems Engineering from Lima University in Peru and is a recent graduate from Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management Program. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T The Humanitarian FOSS Project %A Ralph Morelli %A Allen Tucker %A Trishan R. de Lanerolle %X The Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (Humanitarian FOSS) Project is primarily an educational project whose goal is to engage more undergraduates in building free and open source software (FOSS) that benefits their community. Over the past four years, increasing numbers of undergraduates and computer science programs have been inspired by the Humanitarian FOSS project to make significant contributions to several active open source software development projects that have benefited organizations such as the Portland, Maine Ronald McDonald House, and the New York City Salvation Army. This article provides examples of several Humanitarian FOSS projects and describes other initiatives aimed at promoting undergraduate education about FOSS and its application within the community. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/404 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 Trinity College Ralph Morelli is a professor of computer science at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut and Principal Investigator of the Humanitarian FOSS Project. He has a BA in mathematics from the University of Connecticut and a PhD in philosophy and an MS in computer science from the University of Hawaii. He is the author of a textbook on Java programming and articles on artificial intelligence and computer science education. %2 Bowdoin College Allen Tucker is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor Emeritus at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. He has a BA from Wesleyan University and a PhD from Northwestern University. He is the author of several books and articles on programming languages, software development, natural language processing, and computer science education. He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), an ACM Distinguished Lecturer, an open source software developer, and a member of the Humanitarian FOSS Project's Executive Committee. %3 Trinity College Trishan R. de Lanerolle is the Project Director for the Humanitarian FOSS Project at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. He has a BS in Computer Science from Trinity College, and a MS in Management of Innovation and Technology from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). He is a founding member of the Sahana Software Foundation and community development committee member. He has published and co-authored papers on topics from Computer Science education to FOSS disaster management applications for several international conferences and journals. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software %A Chamindra de Silva %X Humanitarian free and open source software (HFOSS) represents the application of free and open source software (FOSS) to the coordination problems faced in the humanitarian and disaster-response domains. FOSS has found a natural home serving the humanitarian domain because of certain problem patterns that promote the use of an open source approach. HFOSS also integrates two volunteer-rich communities that have much in common: the humanitarian community and the open source community. HFOSS is not distinct from the free and open source approach, but is rather a specialization of its principles. This article explores and elaborates on that natural alignment by presenting the concepts of HFOSS and the ecosystem that sustains it. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/399 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 The Sahana Software Foundation Chamindra de Silva is Director of the Sahana Foundation and volunteers as the foundation's CTO. He has been involved with Sahana from its inception in Sri Lanka and was the project lead from 2005. He is the concept founder of HFOSS and is also on the advisory board of the HFOSS academic project. His other involvements in open source include being a charter member of the Open Source Initiative (OSI), an Apache Committer, and a contributor to the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project. His day job is the Head of Strategic Initiatives in the Global Technology Office at Virtusa Corp. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T IEEE Humanitarian Projects: Open Hardware for the Benefit of the Poorest Nations %A Glenn McKnight %A Alfredo Herrera %X An opportunity to solve some of the pressing needs of impoverished nations may be effectively addressed by the active sharing of open hardware solutions. As other articles in this issue of the OSBR demonstrate, open source software is already being used as an effective technology to address humanitarian needs in developing countries. The adoption of open hardware, as an alternative to commercial off-the-shelf products, may be another effective solution to global development challenges. In this article, we will not discuss the socio-economic aspects inherent with global initiatives; but there is a need for meaningful dialogue to come up with appropriate and long-lasting solutions. The focus of this article is on one of the recent activities of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic engineers (IEEE): the Humanitarian Technology Challenge. The Challenge identified three humanitarian problems that could be solved through technology and challenged participants to find an open-source approach to tackle them. The challenges were Reliable Electricity, Data Connectivity, and Personal Identification Records. This article describes the work part of the Reliable Electricity challenge from three perspectives: i) that of the initial HTC Reliable Electricity team; ii) its offspring, called Community Solutions Initiatives (CSI); and iii) an IEEE Canada group called the Humanitarian Initiatives Committee. All of these groups are part of the IEEE. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/401 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 IEEE Canada's Humanitarian Initiatives Committee Glenn McKnight is the Humanitarian Technology Challenge Reliable Connectivity Liaison of IEEE Canada's Humanitarian Initiatives Committee. He has worked extensively with Canadian and international private and public sector organizations to promote cost effective IT and non-IT projects. His work included Baygen Radio of South Africa, environmental technologies in China, and IT strategies in India. His certification experience includes developing apprenticeship programs, operating IT schools, and promoting the Linux Professional Institute as an international standard. %2 IEEE Canada's Humanitarian Initiatives Committee Alfredo Herrera is a senior member of the IEEE and the Chair of IEEE Canada's Humanitarian Initiatives Committee since its creation. He has over 12 years of experience in telecom system validation and digital hardware design and verification. He currently works for Ericsson in Ottawa as a Radio Hardware Systems Integration and Verification Engineer and previously, he worked for 10 years at Nortel Networks. He has been a member of the IEEE since 1996 and has been Vice-Chair of the Ottawa chapter of the IEEE Technology Management Council and the IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology since 2005. He is also a Master's student in the University of Ottawa's Systems Science program, and his research topic is on using technology for development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Implementing a Deal Development Platform for Business Ecosystems %A James Makienko %A Leonard De Baets %X This article describes a project to develop a platform that promotes transactions between customers and suppliers within a business ecosystem. A web-based platform is being developed to track customer interactions and manage the flow of deals through development stages. The solution will be implemented using an open source customer relationship management tool that will be customized to suit the particular needs of a business ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/372 %N August 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University James Makienko is an M.A.Sc. student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His research interests include business ecosystems, go-to-market channels, deal and contract development, and web-based deal development platforms. He holds a B.Eng. in Computer Systems Engineering from Carleton University and previously worked in software development, technical support, and security. %2 Carleton University Leonard De Baets is an M.Eng. student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His background is in telecommunications and he holds an M.Sc. Computer Science from the University of Manitoba. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Improving Product-Market Fit by Engaging an Open Source Community %A Craig Fitzpatrick %X While many commercial software vendors still balk at the idea of open source, producing and participating in open source software (OSS) projects can provide significant benefits to a company. One benefit is improving product-market fit. This article introduces the concept of product-market fit. It then provides an example of one startup's experience with opening a portion of their code. Finally, it discusses the importance of building community and some of the motivators of community participation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/365 %N July 2010 %9 Articles %1 SWIX Craig Fitzpatrick is an Ottawa-based software entrepreneur who has been involved in building several software companies over the last 17 years. He currently leads product development at a new social media startup, SWIX. SWIX is like Google Analytics for social media. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Inspired by Open Source and CEAs: The Future of Collaborative Healthcare Delivery in Canada %A Andrew Ceponkus %X Open source and communications enabled applications are emerging as a vital part of e-Health strategies across Canada. This article provides an overview of lessons learned from our investigation of collaborative telehealth systems delivery in Canadian healthcare. Specifically, the role of open source software and CEAs with respect to pan-Canadian patient record management and telehealth service prototyping are discussed. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/349 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Tivoli Andrew Ceponkus graduated from the University of Toronto's Engineering Science program in 2001, after which he spent nearly 10 years working in various software and networking technical roles with companies in Ottawa and Toronto. He now works as a team lead and project manager within IBM's Tivoli Provisioning Manager Quality Assurance team, and expects to graduate from Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program this term. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Integrating Lessons from Other Disciplines into Open Source Practice %A Mekki MacAulay %X Open source theory and practice is inherently interdisciplinary. Viewing the challenges faced by open source communities, businesses, and contributors through the lenses of different disciplines can yield novel solutions. This article reviews select lessons from the diverse fields of fashion, gaming, and scientometrics. It examines the way these other industries have addressed issues that are of relevance to the open source community and suggests ways to put these lessons to good use. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/370 %N August 2010 %9 Articles %1 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Integrating the Power of Open Source Telephony with Web 2.0 Technology %A Jean-Pierre Poulin %X For technology companies seeking to harness powerful open source technologies, few can argue against the usefulness of modern Web 2.0 platforms. Considering how ubiquitous the Internet has become, an entrepreneur would certainly be ill-advised to not use some Web 2.0 platform to facilitate access to Communication Enabled Applications. This article enumerates the lessons learned by one startup in order to demonstrate the need for a balanced approach to CEA to facilitate access to untapped markets. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/351 %N May 2010 %9 Articles %1 Jean-Pierre Poulin is an entrepreneur currently evolving a high-tech startup in the Ottawa area. Sharing his experiences ramping up CEA skills, Jean-Pierre provides a web-based consultation service to companies seeking to orient themselves on their options before investing in expensive development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Keystone: Adjective or Noun? %A Michael Weiss %X The gopher tortoise is an unassuming land animal that inhabits sandy regions of the southeastern United States. Like many other desert inhabitants it needs to seek shelter from the heat of the sun. Gopher tortoises are very adept at digging burrows in which they can hide during the peak hours of the day. These burrows offer shelter to many other species that are not able to dig underground. Without the burrows dug by tortoises many types of rodents and snakes would not be able to survive. The existence of the gopher tortoise in its ecosystem affects the health of many other species. The gopher tortoise is an example of a keystone species or keystone. As in biological ecosystems, some companies or institutions in business ecosystems are instrumental for the better well-being of others. They play the role of a keystone. In this article, we examine the question of what makes a keystone a keystone. We introduce two perspectives on that question: one provided by ecology, the other by network analysis. We then review how the term keystone is used by the literature on business ecosystems. Two lessons that readers should take from this article are that the keystone concept, as used by the majority of the business ecosystem literature, is not clearly articulated, and that there are many unresolved issues in applying the concept to business ecosystems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/376 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services, and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Keystone Off-The-Shelf %A Tony Bailetti %X In this article, we describe the Keystone Off-The-Shelf (KOTS), a project to create a toolkit for platform owners. The toolkit will include everything that is required to operate a platform that supports a new approach to grow the revenue of small technology companies. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the KOTS project and the new approach to development and commercialization that it supports. We first describe the project's goal, objective, deliverables, and leadership. Next, we compare the new approach to development and commercialization that KOTS supports with two traditional approaches. We then identify the culture that best supports the new approach and provide an overview of the three key conceptual building blocks of this approach: integration of stakeholders' interests into development and commercialization decisions, value co-creation, and trust building. Finally, we provide the conclusions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/377 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. His research, teaching and community contributions support Carleton's Technology Innovation Management program. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network and the Executive Director of Coral CEA. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Low Cost Cellular Networks with OpenBTS %A David Burgess %X In mid-2007, Kestrel Signal Processing, Inc., a small software radio consulting shop in northern California, started writing an implementation of a GSM basestation. The initial developers were myself and Kestrel co-founder Harvind Samra. Our goal was to create a new kind of light-weight cellular network that could be built out inexpensively in remote and sparsely populated areas. Our software-radio GSM system, now called OpenBTS, was released publicly under the GPLv3 license in September 2008 and will be used in pilot deployments with small operators by the time this article goes to publication. This will probably be the first use of a free software basestation in a public cellular network, where both network operators and subscribers can download and read the full source code of the GSM protocol stack that connects their handsets to the rest of the world and where the operators will be free to modify the system to meet their specific needs. This article introduces the goals and evolution of the OpenBTS project. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/332 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 OpenBTS David Burgess is a Partner at Kestrel Signal Processing, Inc. and Co-Founder of The OpenBTS Project. David has nearly 15 years of experience in signal processing system development and scientific computing. Much of his work in recent years has been in the areas of signals intelligence, radiolocation, and navigation. He has also worked in electronic warfare, image processing, high-fidelity audio processing, and DSP system design. He holds an M.S. degree in computer science, and a B.S. degree in electrical engineering, both from the Georgia Institute of Technology. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Major Events: Good Economics and Exposure to the World %A Bob Yates %X Major events of all kinds, especially sport events, are becoming a major element in the competitive arsenal of cities and and their economic development and tourism offices. Major events bring people to the city, provide attractions for residents, and ensure that the city's name is profiled in the national and international media. But they also can involve major infrastructure investment in facilities and amenities, some of which might have limited post-event utility. This article discusses some of the pros and cons of event hosting as an economic strategy and suggests some useful decision-making guidelines. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/393 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 Yates, Thorn and Associates Inc. Bob Yates is a Senior Partner of Yates, Thorn and Associates Inc., a firm of professional planners located in Victoria, British Columbia. His focus is recreation and social planning, public consultation, and policy development. He has extensive experience in the area of sport and event tourism. He managed the Canadian Sport Tourism Initiative for the Canadian Tourism Commission and has prepared sport and event tourism strategies for communities from Newfoundland to British Columbia. Bob has also worked extensively on other events, particularly in the arts and cultural field, as well as community social planning. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Mifos: Ending Poverty with Software %A Adam Feuer %X Free and open source software (FOSS) and business are key elements for solving the largest problems facing humanity. In this article, we focus on the challenge of eradicating poverty, a significant economic condition that affects billions of people worldwide. We outline the role of microfinance - the use of small loans to help poor people establish businesses - in eliminating poverty. We then describe the Mifos Initiative, a FOSS project to provide banking software to support microfinance institutions. Although we focus on the specific case where software is being used to address the problem of poverty, the approach and lessons learned can be applied to other great problems facing humanity. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/402 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 Mifos Initiative Adam Feuer is Director of Engineering at Grameen Foundation's Mifos Initiative. He founded the network scalability solution provider F5 Networks, the internet service provider IXA (now part of Savvis Networks), and helped launch Amazon's grocery delivery business Amazon Fresh. He specializes in mission-critical business applications built using open source software and Agile methodologies. His passion is creating great teams to solve difficult problems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Migrating an Existing Business to a New Approach to Revenue Generation %A Howard Rosenblum %X Traditional development and commercialization models take too long, cost too much, and expose founders to excessive risk. A new approach for small technology companies to generate revenue has been proposed by Bailetti. In the new approach, the top management team of a small technology company uses a a platform to co-create value by collaborating with all the stakeholders of its development and commercialization decisions and builds trust on its work practices and market offers. The purpose of this article is to provide the lessons learned from working with a top management team of a profitable business that uses a traditional approach to development and commercialization and wishes to migrate to the new approach. The article will be useful to managers and owners of existing small companies and vendor-neutral, non-profit organizations that wish to grow their businesses. The article is organized as follows. First, a hypothetical situation of a musical band illustrates the options available to a company that wishes to increase its revenue. This example is based on our work with a local technology. Next, we describe the lessons we learned while preparing the plan to migrate the existing company to the new approach to generate revenue. The hypothetical situation is used to illustrate the lessons learned. Finally, conclusions are provided. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/381 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Howard Rosenblum is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa. He has over 15 years of experience in the medical, military, and telecom industries. Howard is a System/Business Analyst who has utilized software engineering principles across the spectrum from architecture and requirements through to deployment. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T A New Engine of Economic Development %A Robert Poole %X As our global economy shifts from one dominated by production to one based on knowledge, governments are looking for new ways to add value to the people they serve. Open Government initiatives have emerged as one response to these new economic realities. In this article, we discuss how the theory of a multi-sided stakeholder platform can be applied to create an innovative engine of regional economic development. We describe that engine, its parts, and the value that the participants realize from it. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/391 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Robert Poole is a Chartered Accountant with 15 years of experience building and deploying business intelligence and social analytic solutions to global enterprises. As a consultant, Robert has provided his expertise to private and public-sector clients including Federal and Regional governments. As an entrepreneur, Robert has created several technology-related companies and has appeared on CNBC's Power Lunch. Robert is also in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Open is the New Closed: How the Mobile Industry uses Open Source to Further Commercial Agendas %A Andreas Constantinou %X Openness is a much-misunderstood word. It represents a kind of good-will moniker to which people attach an impressive variety of definitions: open source code, open standards, open handsets, openness as in transparency, shared roadmaps, open application programming interfaces (APIs), open route to market, and so on. It is a very forgiving term as far as definitions go. One of the mobile industry's favourite facets of openness is open source code. Since 2007, tens of mobile industry giants and consortia have embraced open source in some form or other: the Symbian Foundation, LiMo Foundation, Google's Android, Nokia's Qt, Apple's WebKit and Nokia+Intel's Meego are the initiatives that have hit the industry front pages. On the surface, these initiatives use open source licenses, but that only tells half the story. Behind the scenes, Google, Apple, Nokia and others use restrictive governance models and control points that effectively detract the very freedoms that open source licensing is meant to bestow. This discusses the many forms that governance models can take, and how they are used in the mobile industry to tightly control the roadmap and application of open source projects. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/330 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 VisionMobile Andreas Constantinou is the Research Director at VisionMobile where he oversees the company's research, advisory and industry mapping projects. He has ten years experience in research, development and strategy in mobile, specialising in the handset ecosystem, software strategy and open source. Andreas has worked on several product and marketing strategy projects for clients including Sony Ericsson, RIM, Microsoft, France Telecom, T-Mobile, OMTP, Qualcomm, ST Ericsson, Gemalto and Trolltech and authored numerous research reports for analyst firms Informa, Ovum and ARCchart. Andreas also teaches the Mobile Open Source workshop, part of VisionMobile's 360 degree training courses on complex industry sectors. Prior to founding VisionMobile, Andreas spent 3 years at Orange's Research and Innovation division, including serving as a technology lead for the Orange-Microsoft relationship. His interests include uncovering under-the-radar industry trends and pursuing human-centric design. When not hopping on planes, Andreas spends his time in Athens, Greece. Andreas holds a Ph.D. in Image and Video Compression from the University of Bristol, UK. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Open Source Contributions as a Complement to Your Sales Strategy %A Jason Côté %A Julian Egelstaff %X Freeform Solutions, a not-for-profit IT consultancy, discovered a large portion of its work was being carried out without being paid for directly from consulting fees. This led to an investigation of the nature of such pro bono work, and what value it could provide to Freeform and its clients. Supporting open source communities was determined to be the most significant use of the time possible. Accordingly, Freeform has taken steps to focus a significant portion of its work on that task, and to integrate this work with its overall orientation to clients. This commitment to open source provides a strong differentiator in the marketplace. It also enables one kind of prioritization of sales leads. Ultimately, the commitment to the work is considered the most important aspect of the work, rather than the specific kind of activities that are undertaken, or how they are paid for. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/387 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 Freeform Solutions Jason Côté is the President and CEO of Freeform Solutions. He has held senior positions at CANARIE, as well as chief executive positions at Actua, and CanadaHelps, all three of them leading national not-for-profits that excel in the use of information technology. Today, Jason oversees all operations at Freeform, and works with clients and staff to build the IT capacity of the not-for-profit sector. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Systems Engineering and an Executive MBA in Leadership. %2 Freeform Solutions Julian Egelstaff has been working in the software and IT industries for over 13 years. In 2003, he co-founded Freeform Solutions, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help other not-for-profits use technology more effectively. The idea for Freeform Solutions came from seeing how not-for-profit and public sector organizations have many IT challenges in common, but they experience them and approach them differently from commercial organizations. Maybe a for-the-sector, by-the-sector, approach could help everyone do better? These days Julian puts all his experience to use planning systems with Freeform's partners. He is also the lead programmer of the open source project Formulize, which is a web form and data management system that is designed to provide non-programmers with the ability to create database systems on the web. Before working with technology, Julian spent a lot of time writing and thinking his way towards a Bachelor's degree in Journalism and Philosophy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T The Open Source Mobile Cloud: Delivering Next-Gen Mobile Apps and Systems %A Hal Steger %X Cloud computing is gaining acceptance as an efficient and cost-effective architecture to deploy many types of systems. More recently, mobile cloud computing has entered the scene, as an important means to deliver mobile apps and data. This article discusses trends that are driving the adoption of the mobile cloud, important components of mobile cloud infrastructure, and the role of open source. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/335 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 Funambol Hal Steger is Vice President of Marketing at Funambol, inc., the leading provider of open source mobile cloud platforms for billions of devices. Hal has over twenty years of experience in the high tech industry. He holds an MBA (M.S.I.A.) from Carnegie-Mellon University and a B.S. from the University of Michigan with a concentration in computer science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Open Source Partner Strategy: Are Your Core Businesses Aligned? %A Susan Riekki-Odle %X Technology companies have historically viewed partnerships through myopic, one-way lenses, asking only: "What can this partner do for me?" This type of thinking is even more pervasive with channel sales partnerships, where technology vendors limit the exploration of value to short term revenue contribution. Vendors must broaden their scope and range of site when embarking on a path of partnership strategy. Ecosystem analysis, economic modeling, and creative go-to-market development are critical components of successful partnership strategies. This article discusses this critical business strategy through a real world example and an overview of best practice. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/364 %N July 2010 %9 Articles %1 ChannelGain Susan Riekki-Odle is Founder and President of ChannelGain. ChannelGain enables early-stage and early-growth technology companies to succeed in channels and strategic partnerships. It does this by objectively assessing existing programs, identifying gaps and opportunities, developing customized strategies that support the corporate plan and mentor resources to increase overall effectiveness. Over the past 16 years, Susan's high-tech experience has touched every function within the sales organization. At a management level, Susan has performed the role of Manager of Channels, Director of Sales, Director of Channels, Vice President of Sales, and Vice President of Operations. Susan has held these permanent revenue-based roles with Quest Software, FastLane Technologies, neuroLanguage, OmniMark Technologies, and Peak Sales Recruiting. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T An Open Source Solution for Startups %A William Stewart %X Can open source help startup companies reduce cost, save time, and improve their productivity? This article describes the experience of the startup Eseri which spent three years integrating the world's best open source software into a complete turn-key small to medium enterprise information technology solution. Eseri uses their own system to run the company. Having recently launched, they have targeted startups as their most important market segment. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/326 %N February 2010 %9 Articles %1 ESERI William Stewart is CEO of Eseri. Before founding Eseri, Bill spent 12 years at Lockheed Martin Canada where he served variously as company software and system engineering manager, and engineering lead and project manager of several large system integration projects. Previously, Bill received a Ph.D. in computer science from UNB and worked for the Canadian Federal Civil Service. Bill is an individual member with the Linux Foundation, author of a light-weight software package licensed under the GPL, and maintainer of FreeOpenSourceSoftware.org. He is also author of the Internet reference site LivingInternet.com and the best practices collection FunStandard.org. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Open Source User Assistance: Ensuring That Everybody Wins %A Janet Swisher %X This article describes the importance of user assistance to the success of open source projects and offers some suggestions on fostering community contributions to open source user assistance. The term "user assistance" encompasses all the ways that users get help in figuring out how to use a product, spanning the traditional categories of both documentation and support. User assistance provides opportunities for participation by community members who are not software developers. This in turn relieves the burden on developers for filling these roles while broadening the community. Projects should support the differing motivations of members in these roles while providing leadership and direction, removing barriers to contribution, and engaging in concerted efforts. Licensing for open source documentation should likewise be open, to support user freedom and foster community collaboration. Leaders in open source user assistance need to share ideas across projects in order to improve their offerings. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/316 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 FLOSS Manuals Janet Swisher's first experience with online collaborative writing was compiling the Twin Peaks FAQ for the Usenet group alt.tv.twin-peaks in 1991. She has been a professional technical writer for over ten years, at various technology companies in Austin, Texas. She has contributed to open source documentation for OpenOffice.org and the Python-based Enthought Tool Suite, and for a number of open source projects through FLOSS Manuals. She blogs about topics related to technical communication and open source software on her "Techie Tech Writer" blog. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Open to Everyone: How Open Source Communities Can Benefit from Diversity Without Disunity %A Teresa Jewell %X Open source is at once a type of software licensing, a community model, an ideology, and a social movement. As a movement aiming not only to promote open source software within the software development community, but also to change the attitudes of commercial users, it can benefit from lessons learned by earlier social movements. This article is intended for entrepreneurs, developers, and open source proponents who wish to maximize the market for their products. It will begin with a discussion of the successful strategies and common pitfalls of the feminist movement. It will then apply these lessons to the open source community. Overall, it will discuss the importance of united ideologies, inclusive communities, and the pursuit of legislative changes in promoting open source software as a viable alternative to traditional proprietary software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/369 %N August 2010 %9 Articles %1 York University Teresa Jewell is a researcher in Women's Studies at York University. She holds Bachelor's and Master's degrees in English with a focus on Medieval Studies. Her current projects include TheQueery.com, a research website dedicated to questions of culture and identity related to gender and sexuality. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T OpenOttawaLibre: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Building Creative Cities %A Michael Ayukawa %A Julie Dupont %X OpenOttawaLibre (OOL) is a multidisciplinary approach that is being developed to strengthen Ottawa's position as a creative city. Faced with stiff competition from globally dominant mega-centres, smaller cities like Ottawa can compensate for their size by actively bringing together people to exchange ideas, share perspectives, and form new partnerships to solve existing and emerging problems. OOL will make it easy to organize these events and lower the risk by developing an ecosystem with experienced facilitators, physical resources, and proven processes. OOL is anchored by Ottawa's cultural planning group and aims to make Ottawa a global magnet for creative industries and talent. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/371 %N August 2010 %9 Articles %1 Cornerportal Michael Ayukawa is founder of Cornerportal, a company making it easy and low risk to organize your own cultural event. Michael is also a Master's student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University who has embraced the paradigm of the business ecosystem. %2 City of Ottawa Julie DuPont is a Cultural Planner for the City of Ottawa, she has a degree in fine art and a diploma in fine metals. Julie has been working in project management of Public Art for the last 20 years. She has a keen interest in digital technology and creative ideas. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Ottercall: A Language Learning Company %A Elias Majic %X Using computer-assisted speech recognition to evaluate the pronunciation of a speaker, Ottercall provides its customers with feedback on how to improve their language skills. In this article, Ottercall's plan to enter a crowded competitive environment will be described. The article first describes the language-learning market and the points of difference between existing solutions. Next, it will outline the various strategies and decisions considered by Ottercall in developing its market entry strategy. Finally, the lessons learned through this process will be shared. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/379 %N September 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Elias Majic has a Bachelor's degree in software engineering from Carleton University. He worked for several years at software companies before pursuing Ottercall, a language learning startup that uses web-enabled speech recognition. He is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University. His research interests are focused on the adoption of speech recognition. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Performance Testing From the Cloud %A Tom Lounibos %X This article discusses the opportunities and challenges when leveraging the cloud to performance test large-scale websites and applications. Getting performance right, particularly at web-scale, requires a level of passion that results in both a view of the big picture and an attention to detail. We'll describe how to use the scale of the cloud to gain confidence when deploying sites servicing potentially massive amounts of web traffic. We'll start by describing what we mean by the cloud in order to set context. We'll then describe the components that comprise SOASTA's CloudTest and focus on how we deliver the offering to the market, including a look at the key tenets of the cloud testing methodology based on SOASTA's experiences. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/343 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 SOASTA Tom Lounibos, CEO for SOASTA, brings more than 30 years of experience building early stage software companies, leading two companies to successful IPO's. Tom is a regular speaker at both Cloud and testing events, and has become a leading advocate in using the Cloud to empower individuals and accelerate changes in how applications are built, tested and deployed. Most recently, Tom served as President and CEO of Kenamea. Prior to Kenamea, he was CEO of Dorado Corporation, a financial services software provider. Previous to Dorado, he was EVP of Sagent Technology through its 1999 IPO, entrepreneur-in-residence at Crosspoint Venture Partners, and held executive positions at Digitalk Corporation, Knowledgeware (KWI) and Encore Financial Services. Tom also serves on several boards in the Silicon Valley. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Plumbing the Internet with PostgreSQL: An Open Source Case Study %A Ram Mohan %X It's no secret that open source software can offer substantial cost savings to startup companies. Anybody with an idea and a limited amount of capital can launch a web-based business and scale it relatively quickly using a simple and robust LAMP infrastructure. But what about startup companies contracted to provide crucial parts of the Internet's plumbing, such as a domain name registry? This article describes how registry manager Afilias deployed open source, particularly the PostgreSQL database management software, at the core of its business from the very outset, allowing it to scale as business grew. It also underlines the importance of actively engaging with the open source community in order to get the most out of your investment. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/358 %N June 2010 %9 Articles %1 Afilias Ram Mohan is the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Afilias, a global provider of Internet infrastructure services including domain name registry and DNS solutions. Ram also serves as the Security and Stability Advisory Committee's liaison to ICANN's Board of Directors and has helped direct and write numerous policies affecting domain name registration and DNS security. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Private Clouds: Reality or Fog? %A Ronald Schmelzer %X Product marketers love a bandwagon, and no bandwagons have been more appealing in the past ten years of information technology as the Service Oriented Architecture and Cloud Computing ones. Much of the challenge of marketing products is getting the attention of the target customer in order to create an opportunity to pitch products or services to them. Of course, if it doesn't work with one bandwagon, as the old adage goes, try, try again. This is why we often see the same products marketed with different labels and categories applied to them. Product vendors will insist that they have developed some new add-on or tweaked a user interface to include the new concept, but at the very core, the products remain fundamentally unchanged. It is particularly frustrating when product marketing gets in the way of implementing what otherwise would be a valuable concept. Competing vendor, consultant, and individual implementer messages on what a specific term means interferes with realizing real value. This is especially the case with the emerging concept of private clouds. While the term could potentially have real meaning and lasting value, the product and consulting marketers have turned any potential meaning into mush that hides that value. Cloud computing is primarily loosely-coupled, location-independent virtualized services run on abstracted infrastructure with the primary intent of reducing IT expenditures, increasing flexibility, or improving overall system robustness. Given that this is the general cloud concept, is there any value in a new concept called "private clouds?" How does the addition of the word private add value to the service-oriented cloud computing that has been discussed for a handful of years? Is it a valuable term, or mere marketing spin? This article first examines the range of definitions being applied to the private cloud concept, then offers a summary on the value provided by private clouds. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/342 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 CRC Ronald Schmelzer is a Managing Partner at ZapThink LLC. In need of vendor-neutral, architect-level SOA and EA training? ZapThink's Licensed ZapThink Architect (LZA) SOA Boot Camps provide four days of intense, hands-on architect-level SOA training and certification. Advanced SOA architects might want to enroll in ZapThink's SOA Governance and Security training and certification courses. Or, are you just looking to network with your peers, interact with experts and pundits, and schmooze on SOA after hours? Join us at an upcoming ZapForum event. Find out more and register for these events. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. How can a community be considered "open source" if its primary objective is to promote commercialization? %A Mike Milinkovich %X How can a community be considered "open source" if its primary objective is to promote commercialization? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/320 %N January 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Eclipse Mike Milinkovich is the Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation. In the past, he has held key management positions with Oracle, WebGain, The Object People, and Object Technology International Inc. (which subsequently became a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM), assuming responsibility for development, product management, marketing, strategic planning, finance and business development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. How do you make money with open source? %A Tarus Balog %X How do you make money with open source? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/359 %N June 2010 %9 Q and A %1 OpenNMS Tarus Balog is CEO of The OpenNMS Group, Inc. and current maintainer of the OpenNMS open source network management project. He has more than 15 years of network management experience in the telecom and datacom industries. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. How do you motivate potential participants to pay to join a platform? %A James Makienko %X A company that operates a multi-sided platform must convince participants to pay an affiliation fee to access the platform. The challenge is to determine what it will take to motivate the participants to pay to collaborate with each other. To motivate participants to pay an affiliation fee, a multi-sided platform must deliver unique value to the various stakeholder groups its sides represent. For example, if a platform is designed to generate revenue from three stakeholder groups: developers, users and researchers, it must deliver unique value to each of these three groups. Developers must receive more value from participating in the platform than the value received from not participating in the platform. The same holds true for users and researchers. To generate revenue, a platform must be designed to deliver compelling value propositions for each stakeholder group. To illustrate how this can be achieved, we will describe five lessons learned while defining value propositions for a technology company. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/382 %N July 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Carleton University James Makienko is an M.A.Sc. student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. His research interests include business ecosystems, go-to-market channels, deal and contract development, and web-based deal development platforms. He holds a B.Eng. in Computer Systems Engineering from Carleton University and previously worked in software development, technical support, and security. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. How is social network analysis used in studies of open source? %A Chulaka Ailapperuma %A Senthilkumar Mukunda %A Shruti Satsangi %X Social network analysis (SNA) can be used to study online communities, including free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) developer teams. SNA techniques provide insight into these communities and enable researchers to make predictions based on these insights. They can be used to model the nature and patterns of interactions that can be used as a predictor of group behaviour, trust, knowledge generation, and information diffusion (Crowston et al., 2010). SNA can also be used make predictions about other kinds of networks other than pure social networks, such as networks based on relationships between code artifacts. In this article, we answer the question of how SNA has been used to study open source. We begin by describing social networks and how they can be deconstructed to examine the relationships between entities within them. Next, we discuss social networks within F/LOSS communities and describe how SNA gives insights into the various actors and groups acting within networks. Finally, we provide an overview of common SNA measures used to study open source, including examples of how they have been used to provide insights about F/LOSS communities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2011 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/420 %N July 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Carleton University Chulaka Ailapperuma is Senior Software Developer at Canada Border Services Agency and is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Chulaka also holds a Computer Science degree from Carleton University. He has 14 years experience in the computer science industry, working as a consultant for various clients, mostly in government and the telecommunications industry. %2 Carleton University Senthilkumar Mukunda is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He has over 4 years experience in Telecommunication and Railway Signaling Domain as embedded software developer. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronics from Anna University. %3 Carleton University Shruti Satsangi is a Wireless Engineer for Ericsson. She is also a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University, where she is researching coalition and competition within business ecosystems. She is a member of CU-Women in Science and Engineering, IEEE WiE, and the IEEE Communications Society. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. Should All Women Aspire to Be Entrepreneurs? %A Cate Huston %X Many authors, in this issue of the OSBR and elsewhere, highlight the relative lack of women entrepreneurs and suggest ways that we can overcome the challenges women face so that we can increase the numbers. However, I wish to offer another perspective. I do not want to be an entrepreneur and I am not the only woman who feels this way. Here, I wish to highlight the importance filling gaps as a form of leadership. This alternative to entrepreneurship is valuable and is also in need of encouragement. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/457 %N July 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Google Cate Huston is a Software Engineer at Google. She has a BSc (Hons) in Computer Science from the University of Edinburgh and used to be an international hobo, teaching programming in the United States and in Shanghai, training in martial arts in China, qualifying as a ski instructor in Canada, and aimlessly wandering around Europe. For now, she lives in Kitchener/Waterloo, Canada. She was the Instigator of Awesome at Awesome Ottawa, is a co-conspirator for Awesome Foundation KW, and is an organizer of Girl Geek Dinners KW. Her blog is Accidentally in Code. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. What business models are currently used with open source software? %A Thomas Prowse %X Over the past 15 years, I have seen OSS move from a technological novelty or curiosity to a key foundational element of our information economy. As a technology lawyer, I have found it fascinating to witness the parallel evolution of business models in this space. To answer this question, I will give a broad overview of some of the established and emerging OSS business models that companies, organizations, and individuals are currently using. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/366 %N July 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Gowlings Kanata Technology Law Office Thomas Prowse is a Partner with the Gowlings Kanata Technology Law Office, where his practice focuses on providing legal advice in the areas of technology law and technology-related commercial matters. Before re-joining Gowlings, Thomas was Senior Counsel with Nortel where he worked extensively on OSS matters as the Global Law Department leader on the Nortel Open Source Advisory Team. Thomas is also the President and Founder of n2one inc., which is currently developing a subscription-based open source software legal information service offering. He is a frequent speaker, writer, and blogger (http://www.commonsresource.com) on open source and other commons sourcing matters. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. Which is the better path to take, as a push or a pull startup? %A Harley Finkelstein %X Which is the better path to take, as a push or a pull startup? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/327 %N February 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Fink Inc. Harley Finkelstein is a serial entrepreneur, having launched a number of successful startups, and the founder of one of Canada's leading apparel companies, Finkinc. Additionally, Harley serves as a mentor to the Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation (OCRI), sits on the financing committee for the Canadian Youth Business Foundation (CYBF), and is an advisor to both the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic (CIPPIC), and to the Ottawa Community Loan Fund (OCLF). In 2007, Harley co-founded Innoventure Capital, a unique seed financing firm that provides funding and strong mentorship to early-stage startups. Innoventure's latest startup is Smoofer.com, which purports to be Canada's leading online t-shirt shop. Harley recently received his law degree from the University of Ottawa, and completed his MBA at the school's management faculty in the summer of 2009. He is also the co-founder of the school's Law/MBA Student Society, and the `Canadian MBA Oath`. As of September 2009, Harley will be working with one of Toronto's leading business law firms where he'll be focusing on corporate finance and commercial law. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Q&A. Why Is There a Dearth of Women on High-Growth Technology Startup Teams? %A Ruth Bastedo %X Through my work with women-led startups, I have come to the following conclusion: as an industry, we should be focusing on increasing the number of women on startup teams. We should be ensuring that women team members have an equity stake in the business and have meaningful leadership roles on the management teams. If a woman is President and CEO, that is wonderful, but I feel that it is even more important just to have women present and engaged. I believe that the diversity in viewpoint and life experience that women leaders bring to the table impact the performance of companies in a complex, global, and increasingly interconnected world. This is the world in which Canadian startups have to compete and thrive in order to boost our country's productivity levels. Women have to have a seat at the table, and by being there, have the potential to impact the success of Canadian startups. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/456 %N July 2010 %9 Q and A %1 Experience Media Group Inc. Ruth Bastedo is President of Experience Media Group Inc., a digital learning and communications firm based in Toronto, Canada. A serial entrepreneur, Ruth has produced award-winning, web-based communications products for over 13 years in Canada, the US, and the UK. As co-founder of Medium One, Ruth sold her first business during the dot-com era in 2001, and she has been a passionate proponent of entrepreneurship for women ever since. She is the Past-President of Women Entrepreneurs of Canada (WEC) and participated in consultations with International Trade Canada, Status of Women Canada, and Industry Canada. She has participated in trade missions and represented Canada at several international events for women entrepreneurs. Ruth is currently co-designer and program consultant for the Rotman School of Management's Next Steps program for experienced women entrepreneurs. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Re-evaluating Open Source for Sustaining Competitive Advantage for Hosted Applications %A Daniel Crenna %X The use of open source in hosted solutions is undoubtedly widespread. However, it is seldom considered important in its own right, nor do the majority of hosted solutions providers contribute to or create open source as natural artifacts of doing good business. In this exploration of the nature of hosted solutions and their developers, it is suggested that not only consuming open source, but creating and disseminating it to collaborators and competitors alike, is essential to success. By establishing an open source ecosystem where hosted solutions compete on differentiation rather than lose time and money to concerns that are expected by users, do not add value, and benefit from public scrutiny, hosted solution providers can reduce the cost of their solution, the time it takes to deliver new ones, and improve their quality without additional resources. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/341 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 Lunarbits Daniel Crenna is an award winning developer, author, and active entrepreneur from Ottawa, Canada. He is the lead developer of several open source projects including TweetSharp, the most popular Twitter development library for .NET developers, and DotNetMerchant, a hosted eCommerce platform built on Microsoft's ASP.NET technology. He is currently developing Lunarbits, a hosted eCommerce solution for small to medium publishers selling digital goods. He recently became a graduate of the Lead to Win program. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T The State of Free Software in Mobile Devices %A Bradley M. Kuhn %X I started using GNU/Linux and Free Software in 1992. In those days, while everything I needed for a working computer was generally available in software freedom, there were many components and applications that simply did not exist. For highly technical users who did not need many peripherals, the Free Software community had reached a state of complete software freedom. Yet, in 1992, everyone agreed there was still so much work to be done. Even today, we still strive for a desktop and server operating system, with all relevant applications, that grants complete software freedom. Looked at broadly, mobile telephone systems are not all that different from those 1992-era GNU/Linux systems. The basics are currently available as Free, Libre, and Open Source Software (F/LOSS). If you need only the bare minimum of functionality, you can, by picking the right phone hardware, run an almost completely F/LOSS operating system and application set. Yet, we have so far to go. This article discusses the current penetration of F/LOSS in mobile devices and offers a path forward for free software advocates. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/336 %N March 2010 %9 Articles %1 Software Freedom Law Center Bradley M. Kuhn is the Policy Analyst and Technology Director at the Software Freedom Law Center. He worked during the 1990s as a system administrator and software development consultant for Westinghouse, Lucent Technologies, and numerous small companies. In January 2000, he was hired by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). From 2001 until 2005, he served as FSF's Executive Director, where he led FSF's GPL enforcement efforts, launched the Associate Member program, and authored the Affero GPL. In 2005, he left FSF to join the founding team of SFLC. Kuhn holds a summa cum laude B.S. in Computer Science from Loyola College in Maryland, and an M.S. in Computer Science from the University of Cincinnati. His Master's thesis discussed methods for dynamic interoperability of Free Software languages. He is also a director and president of the Software Freedom Conservancy, and a member of the autonomo.us committee, which studies issues of software freedom as they relate to software as a service. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Strategies for Selling Services %A Patrick O'Halloran %X With the service economy on the ascension, companies are yearning for mechanisms to connect their service solutions to their customer's problems, and have the customer acknowledge that their solution is the best. In order to meet these requirements, the foundations of the model used to deploy such solutions need to be concrete. The solution must capture the fundamental nature of the target markets and embody all of the customers' expectations. This article reviews literature that will inform the development of these models and identifies relevant strategies to enable growth options around service-based solutions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/388 %N October 2010 %9 Articles %1 Xilinx Inc. Patrick O'Halloran is a graduate of the Computer Engineering Program from the University of Limerick in Ireland and has just completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He is a Staff Design Engineer with Xilinx Inc., within the Xilinx Design Services group, and has been working on varied consultancy projects in this role for the past 10 years. These projects have centered around Xilinx's FPGA technologies and their application to many industry verticals. He has varied interests which range from consultancy services, technology innovation, real-time systems and IPR in the technology domain. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Technical Entrepreneurs Benefit From Business Ecosystems %A Tony Bailetti %X The objective of this article is to highlight nine creative companies that are part of Lead to Win and describe how they benefit from this vendor-neutral business ecosystem. This paper is organized into three sections. The first section provides an overview on technical entrepreneurship, creative companies and business ecosystems. The second section describes nine startups located in Canada's National Region and identifies how their founders benefit from Lead to Win. The third section provides key takeaway messages about technical entrepreneurship and business ecosystems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/325 %N February 2010 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. His research and teaching support Carleton's Technology Innovation Management program. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network and the Executive Director of Coral CEA. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T TriSano: Collaborating for the Good of Global Public Health %A Mike Herrick %X Healthcare and public health continue to experience significant changes, driven primarily due to new legislation and economic challenges. These changes mean that those in healthcare and public health are under pressure to respond differently in order to meet the health needs of the population. Additionally, public health is collaborative, by nature. Epidemiologists, informaticians, public health officials, nurses, and doctors fluidly come together to prevent disease and protect the health of the global citizens. This article explores how collaboration and open source software helps healthcare and public health address their challenges across the globe. It is based on the experiences of the TriSano project from the past three years. It traces the history of the project and the refinement of its business model and product offerings to illustrate how collaboration based on a shared business vision with industry thought leaders leads to sustainable software and communities. Finally, insights are shared from working at the intersection of a humanitarian open source project and the business world. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/405 %N December 2010 %9 Articles %1 Collaborative Software Foundation Mr. Mike Herrick is the Executive Director of the Collaborative Software Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the management of open source software including TriSano. Until recently, Mike was the Vice President of Products for Collaborative Software Initiative. In that role, he was responsible for CSI Core Teams, product development, product management, and technical support. Mike has a broad background in enterprise software with management and individual contributor experience from software companies (eXcelon, Mentor Graphics, and several failed startups), consulting firms (Andersen Consulting and C-bridge Internet Solutions), and IT development and operations (Liberty Mutual). Mike graduated with a BS in Management Information Systems from the University of Dayton. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T The Value of Cloud Computing %A David Linthicum %X The movement to cloud computing is the disruptive change that information technology (IT) departments will soon face as cloud computing begins to have an effect on the modern enterprise. IT managers must learn how to give as well as take information in this new, shareable environment, while still protecting their company's interests. Innovative companies will take advantage of these new resources, such as cloud computing, and reinvent themselves as unstoppable forces in their markets. Those who don't take advantage of this revolution will become quickly outdated, perhaps out of business. This article will discuss what cloud is, and how it can potentially have value within your enterprise. Rather than a hype-driven view of cloud computing, this article will provide you with the guidance you need to get started defining the value of cloud computing. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/339 %N April 2010 %9 Articles %1 Bick Group David S. Linthicum is CTO of Bick Group, a company that focuses on making enterprises work well with the emerging cloud computing space. He's the cloud computing blogger for InfoWorld, Intelligent Enterprise, and Cloud Computing Journal, as well as a frequent speaker at technology events. In addition, he produces "The Cloud Computing Podcast" which can be found on iTunes. You can follow Dave on Twitter at www.twitter.com/davidlinthicum. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T What's the Value of an Eyeball? Passive Participation in Open Source Ecosystems %A Mekki MacAulay %X Passive participants in open source ecosystems should not be viewed as leeches as they contribute value to the ecosystem. Every eyeball has value. By better understanding the roles of passive participants in the ecosystem, keystone companies can assign resources, such as community managers, more effectively and better leverage the value these participants create. The next challenge is to better quantify the value of passive contribution. This article discusses how passive participants in open source ecosystems play an important role in value creation in the ecosystem. It examines why the value they add is not well captured by current measures and suggests areas of future research, the outcomes of which would enable keystone companies to better position themselves. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/318 %N January 2010 %9 Articles %1 OSStrategy.org Mekki MacAulay is the Principal of OSStrategy.org, a consulting firm that helps companies improve their competitive advantage and strategic positioning in a world embracing open source. Mekki is also the president and founder of MekTek Solutions, an IT services company based in Ottawa, ON. Mekki holds undergraduate degrees from Carleton University in Computer Systems Engineering, and Psychology, and a Master's degree in Technology Innovation Management. His research interests focus on open source adoption; open source ecosystem value creation, extraction, and keystone company positioning; and quantifying the value of passive participation in open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T When Small is Big: Microcredit and Economic Development %A George Brown %X Microcredit - the extension of small loans - gives people who would otherwise not have access to credit the opportunity to begin or expand businesses or to pursue job-specific training. These borrowers lack the income, credit history, assets, or security to borrow from other sources. Although the popularity and success of microcredit in developing countries has been trumpeted in the media, microcredit is established and growing in the United States and Canada as well. Its appeal comes from its capacity to provide the means for those who have the ability, drive, and commitment to overcome the hurdles to self-sufficiency. In this article, the role of microcredit as a stimulant for economic development is examined. First, its importance for the establishment of small businesss is described. Second, the article provides an overview of the general microcredit climate in the United states and the local situation in the Ottawa area. Third, brief stories about individuals who have received this type of loan reveal the human impact behind the economic benefits. Finally, the role of microcredit in funding startups is analyzed in comparison to other sources of available funding. The article concludes with a summary of the benefits of microcredit as a win-win proposition for economic development. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/392 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 Ottawa Community Loan Fund George Brown is a lawyer and social entrepreneur who presently serves as President of the Ottawa Community Loan Fund (OCLF). Prior to this, George spent nine years as a City and Regional Councillor in Ottawa, where he was Chair of the City's Economic Affairs Committee and the Region's Environmental Services Committee. As Chair of Economic Affairs, George played a significant role in initiating and developing the Ottawa Entrepreneurship Centre, as well as promoting community economic development throughout the City of Ottawa including the establishment of the OCLF. George has a Master's of Science degree in Community Economic Development from New Hampshire College's Graduate School of Business (now Southern New Hampshire University) and an LL.B. degree from the University of Ottawa Law School. He was called to the Bar in Ontario in September, 2003. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Why Intellectual Property Will Not Save the Canadian Economy %A David J. French %X Notwithstanding public statements by many individuals, obtaining intellectual property (IP) rights is not the objective that will allow Canadian industry to thrive in the future. The objective for each company should be identifying and delivering relevant innovations that will appeal to consumers and which will also survive in the high-pressure environment of world competition. Surviving in business in the future will increasingly become more of a challenge due to the increasing competence of foreign competitors. Establishing IP rights is a bonus that can make a few companies richer than they would otherwise have been. But most winners will succeed because of their focus on a consumer-based target objective - delivering customer-satisfying products at prices that will displace competitive alternatives - and not because of IP. Obtaining IP rights should not displace the focus from providing value to customers. To survive, that value should be sufficiently innovative so as to place companies ahead of competitors. Businesses will have to continue to innovate in order to stay ahead of competitors. If some businesses can acquire the comfort of meaningful IP protection, that will be a plus. However, a business has to have good fundamentals to survive and to thrive. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/396 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 Second Counsel Services David J. French is a Canadian attorney with 35 years of experience practicing Intellectual Property law in the Province of Ontario and before the Canadian and United States Patent and Trademark Offices. In 2010, he became the CEO of Second Counsel Services, an Ottawa-based business that provides in-house workshops, guidance, and training in the understanding and management of Intellectual Property. He is currently writing a book, 101 Truths About Patents and welcomes feedback to David.French@secondcounsel.com about what readers would like to know about patents and any aspect of intellectual property. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2010 %T Youth Entrepreneurship: Ottawa's Portfolio in Talent Development %A Sonia Riahi %X Youth's natural disposition for innovation and change make young people well suited for entrepreneurship, provided the community can give youth the right support to overcome their challenges and improve their odds of success. A city's economic development benefits from youth entrepreneurship in terms of employment creation, product and service innovation, market competition, community revitalization, and income generation. Youth entrepreneurs face greater challenges then adult entrepreneurs, and therefore would benefit from talent development programs to support them with skills, mentoring, networking, and access to resources in order to increase their rate of success. This article looks at the youth entrepreneurship programs available in Ottawa, examines how they rate, and identifies some opportunities for improvement in the delivery of programs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2010 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/394 %N November 2010 %9 Articles %1 OCRI TalentBridge Sonia Riahi holds a Master's degree from the University of Ottawa in Engineering Management and a B.Eng in Mechanical Engineering from Carleton University. She has spent the last 2.5 years working in entrepreneurship with OCRI TalentBridge, a program that gives technically educated students the opportunity to learn entrepreneurial skills by working with local startups. In the past she has worked with both the private and public sectors in research and development, 3D modeling, project management, product marketing, and teaching. Highly involved in youth entrepreneurship, she has sat on the Mayor's Economic Development Steering Committee and has managed and been involved with several youth entrepreneurial initiatives, including the Ottawa Innovation Challenge, the Ottawa Community Challenge, and The Ottawa Experience. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The 100-Mile Client Roster %A Emma Jane Hogbin %X In 2005, two Canadians began a one-year experiment in eating only locally grown foods and started what is now known as The 100-Mile Diet. In the open source world, we know about giving back to our software community, but this is sometimes to the detriment of our physical community. It is hard to see the businesses around us when so many interactions take place online and in the digital neighbourhood. The world has gotten smaller in the last hundred years and products made on the other side of the world are common in businesses and households. As we muddle through our current economic crisis, we are encouraged to support our neighbours, their jobs, and to "buy local." Many household repair services must be locally obtained, but this is not necessarily true for software-related services. Many businesses are choosing to outsource the production of software and related support services to a cheaper labour force in other countries. As consumers, we know that buying locally often costs a premium; we also know it supports our neighbours and recycles our money back into our own physical community. This article examines the importance of giving back to the local community. It uncovers ways for businesses to expand and gain new revenue streams when they focus on open source software and use open business models. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/259 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 Hick Tech Emma Jane Hogbin has been working as a Web developer since 1996. She is well known in the open source community not only for her technical knowledge, but also for her engaging and humorous means of bringing libre tools to a wider audience--such as the Drupal socks and their GPLed pattern. Through her consulting company HICK Tech, and at conferences around the world, Emma Jane has inspired people to overcome fear, uncertainty, and doubt and to tackle problems head-on. She blogs at www.emmajane.net. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Accelerating Successful Technical Entrepreneurship %A Peter Carbone %X Technical entrepreneurship is often associated with innovation, research and invention. However, the motivation for entrepreneurship is the creation of wealth and commercialization of an idea. Wide scale disruptions in the economy, consolidations in industry, and the shift in value towards applications and applied technology create new challenges for the entrepreneur and the need for new business approaches to commercialization. Business ecosystems can effectively address these challenges. This article describes Coral CEA, the keystone of a worldwide ecosystem anchored around the commercialization of communication enabled applications. The vision of Coral CEA is to create new companies and knowledge jobs by implementing new commercialization models and driving massive innovation that is linked to commercialization. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/278 %N August 2009 %9 Articles %1 Coral CEA Peter Carbone is an ICT executive that specializes in ICT strategy and commercialization. He has a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has been engaged as a technical advisor to startups and has served on the board of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). He is past Chairman of the Information Technology Association of Canada's (ITAC) committee focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada's Knowledge Economy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Applied Collaboration Studios: Transforming Complex Problems into Systems of Continuous Social Innovation %A Stephen Huddart %A Anil Patel %X This paper asserts that the voluntary or social sector plays a pivotal role in generating and disseminating social innovations through collaboration with diverse partners. The authors explore the potential to engender a quantum shift in the sector's efficiency, reach, and impact through the combined use of open source technologies, social process tools and collaboration platforms. The objective is to contribute to a new generation of intelligent social systems, enabling an evolutionary recalibration of relationships among ourselves, our social and economic institutions, and the planet. As a means of integrating and disseminating the most promising approaches, the concept of Applied Collaboration Studios is proposed. Its primary activities would be: i) dissemination of open source technologies; ii) ongoing instruction and coaching in the use of social process tools; iii) the assembly and launch of multiple collaboration platforms; and iv) collaboration with other like initiatives to create ecologies of scale that inform and precipitate systems change toward greater resilience. The paper concludes with a reflection on the conditions necessary for such a project to come into being as an open source initiative, and an invitation to contribute to an ongoing discussion. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/268 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 J. W. McConnell Family Foundation Stephen Huddart is the Vice President of The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation in Montreal, and the Director of Social Innovation Generation (SiG) @ McConnell. %2 Framework Foundation Anil Patel is the founder and Executive Director of the Framework Foundation in Toronto, originator of Timeraisers and the Civic Footprint. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Arrival of the Mobile Internet Thanks to the Economics of Open Source Software %A Stephen R. Walli %X The promise of the mobile Internet has been long in coming. In 1992, then Apple CEO John Sculley was promising this "pocket-sized digital communicating devices" market would be "the mother of all markets", while Intel CEO Andrew Grove called it "a pipe dream driven by greed." Since then the mobile phone business has exploded, and personal digital assistants like the Palm Pilot have burst onto the scene. The launch of the RIM Blackberry brought a real email interface to the PDA world. The World Wide Web itself continues to grow enormously, with Netcraft's December 2008 survey receiving responses from 186,727,854 websites. We are just now arriving at a convergence in the market that is 16 years in the making. Handset and PDA manufacturers, mobile network operators, chip manufacturers, and computer platform hardware and software vendors all collide with the economics of the Web, collaborative development, and open source software. Indeed, we are seeing a point in history in which the mobile handset manufacturers and their partners are using open source software and collaborative development to ensure they do not get trapped in the narrow margin price war that caught the personal computer original equipment manufacturers in the previous technology wave. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/221 %N January 2009 %9 Articles %1 Stephen R. Walli has been in the software industry since 1980 as both customer and vendor. He presently consults on open source, standards, and software business. His clients include Symbian, Microsoft, and the Eclipse and Linux Foundations. In 1995, he was a founder and vice-president, research and development at Softway Systems, a venture-backed startup that developed Interix to migrate UNIX applications to Windows NT based on the POSIX/UNIX standards he helped develop. Interix was Softway developed code, Microsoft licensed code, and a wealth of OSS covered by many licenses. Microsoft acquired Softway in 1999, where Stephen spent five years before joining another open source based start-up, Optaros, as vice-president, open source development strategy. He left Optaros in 2006 to pursue his own interests. Stephen organized the first Beijing Open Source Software Forum as part of the Software Innovation Summit 2007, and remains interested in OSS growth in China. He blogs at http://stephesblog.blogs.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Benefits to ISVs of Working with Large Enterprise Consumers on Open-Source Projects %A Kingston Duffie %X Selling software to consumers is tough as they want perfection and expect to pay nothing. Consumers are fickle and the competition can be fierce. By comparison, large enterprises have big problems and buckets of money to spend on solutions, allowing you to focus your marketing on a small target. While large enterprises sound like ideal customers, the small independent software vendor selling to a large enterprise faces long sales cycles, extreme quality expectations, challenges integrating into a complex jungle of pre-existing systems, and the need to partner with others to create a complete solution. At Fanfare, we believe that there are a variety of successful software business models that employ open source strategies. One such strategy is to sell closed source solutions constructed on top of an open source platform. In fact, the Eclipse Foundation considers enabling this kind of business model as one of its mandates. We sell a complete system test automation solution that is built on top of Eclipse and sold to customers as a "turnkey" solution using Eclipse's Rich Client Platform technology. In this article, we examine six benefits of this approach. Some of these benefits apply to any ISV, but many are specific advantages for ISVs selling into large enterprises. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/220 %N January 2009 %9 Articles %1 Fanfare Group Kingston Duffie is the founder and CTO of The Fanfare Group, the market leader is system test automation tools. Previously, Kingston founded two other successful data communication equipment companies, Whitetree Networks and Turnstone Systems. Kingston holds a bachelor's degree in engineering physics from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and a master's of science degree in electrical engineering from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T BIRT: Building Next Generation BI Using Open Source %A Tom Bondur %A Jason Weathersby %X The Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools Project is a highly successful open source business intelligence (BI) project developed and released as part of the Eclipse ecosystem. In this article, we look at the genesis of the BIRT project, why Actuate chose the open source development model, and the benefits that this project brings to the BI user community. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/290 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 Actuate Tom Bondur is a Content Development Manager in the Developer Communications group of Actuate Engineering and a member of the extended BIRT development team. He has a background in both computer science and technical writing with many years experience in technical consulting, training, writing, and publishing about business intelligence tools and database technologies. He is a co-author of the Eclipse Series book, Integrating and Extending BIRT, published by Addison-Wesley. The book introduces programmers to BIRT architecture and the reporting framework. It is the second volume in a two-book series about business intelligence and reporting technology. %2 Actuate Jason Weathersby is the BIRT Evangelist at Actuate Corporation and a member of the Eclipse Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT) Project Management Committee (PMC). Jason has over 15 years experience in the software development field, ranging from real time process control to business intelligence software. At Actuate, Jason is currently responsible for educating the Open Source community on BIRT and encouraging its adoption, and is responsible for managing the Eclipse BIRT newsgroup and website. Jason has co-authored two BIRT books and written many articles that discuss the BIRT technology. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T BSD Advocacy and Breaking Through Market Barriers %A Melanie Groves VonFange %X Currently, proprietary businesses dominate the operating systems market. In 2008, Microsoft Windows controlled 87.9% of the market with Mac OS X following up with 9.73%, leaving only 2.37% of the market to open source alternatives. However, in the past year alone, Linux market share has grown from .80% to 1.02% (a 27.5% increase) and other open source operating systems have grown from .22% to .58% (a 163% increase). These figures translate into millions of open source operating system users. The question is how to continue these upward trends and break the stranglehold that proprietary operating systems have on the markets. This article discusses the role that open source advocacy plays in increasing open source usage. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/262 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 PC-BSD Melanie Groves VonFange is a wife, mother, blogger, and open source advocate. She has been an insurance agent, makeup artist, and computer sciences student. Currently she can be found running a PC-BSD social networking site and a mock suburban co-housing homestead with the help of her husband, housemate, intern and 4 children. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Business Intelligence: A Primer %A John Kemp %A Benjamin Dietz %X This article provides a primer on business intelligence (BI) and serves as an introduction to the concepts used throughout the rest of the articles in this issue of the OSBR. We define BI, discuss the components of a BI solution, explain the types of BI tools and provide a brief overview of the evolution of BI. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/284 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 SQL Power Group John Kemp is a Principal Consultant with SQL Power Group. John is responsible for the delivery of Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing projects at SQL Power. A 20-year information technology veteran, John previously provided Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence consulting services with KPMG, SAS Institute, Infobright Inc., and as the lead of his own consulting firm. %2 SQL Power Group Benjamin Dietz is a Business Intelligence Consultant at SQL Power Group. Benjamin wrote his Master's thesis on Open Source Business Intelligence and graduated from University of Applied Science Karlsruhe, Germany, with a Master of Business Information Systems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Co-creation: a New Way of Doing Business in an Age of Uncertainty %A Anna Kirah %X Co-creation can be defined as the continual feedback loop and collaboration with all stakeholders in a value chain throughout any given process of designing, developing and implementing meaningful products, services, organizational and strategic changes. It replaces the hierarchical approach to management and the linear approach to innovation, affording all stakeholders the possibility to influence and bring forth meaningful and relevant solutions in a collaborative environment. Co-creation results in the development of goods, services and experiences that are uniquely designed to meet people's particular needs, values, meaning and context. It leads to a profitable advantage for both companies and the people who will be using these goods and services as well as for the people working within the organizations. The purpose of this article is to share some experience -driven insights on how co-creation could help businesses to live in an age of uncertainty. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/304 %N November 2009 %9 Articles %1 CPH Design Anna Kirah is partner and Vice President at CPH Design. The results from her extensive research have been used to implement new concepts, services, products and strategies for companies such as Microsoft, L'Oreal, Johnson & Johnson, Toyota, and the aviation, media, and newspaper industries. Prior to joining CPH Design, Anna was the Dean and Faculty Member of 180º Academy, an international school for radical innovation, where she was responsible for designing, implementing and overseeing the 180º curriculum. She joined 180º from the Microsoft Corporation, where she was Senior Design Anthropologist responsible for global field research, participatory design and co-creation. Anna has worked at Boeing as a Research Associate, doing pre-concept research onboard commercial aircraft. Anna holds a graduate degree in Cultural Anthropology and a graduate degree in Psychology. She sits on several boards including the Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority's Programme for User Centered Innovation and on the jury for the Braun Design Prize 2009. CPH Design is a Copenhagen based design and innovation agency offering services to a wide range of industries, organisations and clients. Pioneers of people centred and prototype design approaches, it focuses on holistic problem solving for the benefit of both client and end user. An international partner and inventor of many worldwide patents, CPH employs the creative power of design to generate value and advantage to improve life. CPH Design puts Why at the center of the design process. Asking Why is the essence of achieving creative solutions to generate successful design and innovation; what is known at CPH Design as WhydeologyTM. WhydeologyTM enables new perspectives throughout the entire design process from the initial creative stages through product development to downstream troubleshooting. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Collaborating Across Disciplines %A Joseph Wilson %X Anecdotal evidence suggests that truly innovative ideas and successful adaptation to market conditions comes from collaboration with people across traditionally demarcated fields of study. In science, economics, and business, it is new ideas that are imported from other realms that are most successful in affecting change. The Treehouse Group is a Toronto-based collective of thinkers from a wide variety of backgrounds that seek to subvert the traditional notion of what constitutes a conference or a networking opportunity by using a wide variety of brainstorming techniques and cross-disciplinary activities to engage participants. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/267 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Treehouse Group Joseph Wilson is co-founder of the Treehouse Group, and a teacher at a Toronto high school. He has worked at an educator and exhibit developer at the Ontario Science Centre and the Royal Ontario Musuem. He also works as a freelance writer, focusing on issues in science, technology and culture. His work has appeared in NOW Magazine, the Toronto Star, Spacing Magazine, and The Globe and Mail, and he is currently working on a Grade 9 Science textbook for Nelson Education. He graduated from the University of Toronto with an Honours Bachelor of Science in Astronomy and Semiotic and Linguistic Anthropology, and a Bachelor of Education from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, specializing in social justice and global education. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Collaborative Software Development in the Enterprise %A Ian Skerrett %X Open source has been many things to many people. In most cases, open source software has focused on the tools and the infrastructure software used to build and deploy applications. Relative to infrastructure, little use or investment has occurred in the development of industry specific or vertical oriented open source solutions. This is not only a missed opportunity for organizations, but it is also possibly the next wave of open source collaborations. An important lesson of OSS is a development process that requires collaboration between individuals and organizations that isn't necessarily driven by a traditional hierarchy of command and control. Information technology departments are driven to be more efficient while simultaneously creating innovative new solutions to meet their business needs. More and more, companies are turning to external sources for ideas that drive innovation. A series of books by Henry Chesbrough has coined the term "innovation networks" to discuss research and development departments that treat their research and development systems as an open system. They describe how to include partners, customers and even competitors as part of an extended research and development team. However, that series does not answer the question "can OSS can be used to establish innovation networks for IT departments?". Further, what steps are required to establish a successful software innovation network and what are the resulting benefits for organizations? For the most part, this article will draw upon the experiences of Eclipse open source projects. These projects often include competing independent software vendors that collaborate on building a common platform for developer tools integration. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/219 %N January 2009 %9 Articles %1 Eclipse Foundation Ian Skerrett is the Director of Marketing at the Eclipse Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation supporting the Eclipse open source community and commercial ecosystem. He is responsible for implementing programs that raise awareness of the Eclipse open source project and grow the overall Eclipse community. Ian has been working in the software industry for over 20 years. He has held a variety of product management and product marketing positions with Cognos, Object Technology International, IBM, Entrust and Klocwork. He graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Computer Science and has an MBA from McGill. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Community-Built Software: What I Learned from Calagator %A Audrey Eschright %X Many open source projects start with a single developer trying to scratch an itch by making a new tool for their own use. But what if the need to be addressed is bigger, and affects more people? How can the creation of open source software involve a whole community? At the start of 2008 I decided to build a solution to an ongoing problem in my hometown of Portland, Oregon. Portland's growing technology scene was having trouble tracking all of the user groups, meetups, and events that people were planning. I started a central calendar using Google Calendar, but found it hard to maintain. People planning the events needed the ability to make their own updates without me having to add them individually as users. A single, central information source that would be completely open to the community at large was needed. The solution became an open-source calendar aggregator called Calagator. The process of creating that solution became a very rewarding community-building effort. By trying different things along the way, we learned how to organize an open source project to encourage community development, and code sprint practices for group work sessions, and worked with a number of tools that make collaboration easier. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/260 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 Elevated Code Audrey Eschright is a programmer and self-described geek who works as a developer for Elevated Code. She is part of the core team for Calagator, an open source calendar aggregation project. She was also a founding board member of the Legion of Tech, and is currently co-chair of the Open Source Bridge conference. She was recently featured in the Oregonian's Ultimate Northwest Magazine as one of Portland's 25 Most Creative Thinkers. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Components of Co-creation %A Stephen Allen %A Tony Bailetti %A Stoyan Tanev %X Value co-creation is an emerging innovation, marketing and business paradigm describing how customers and users are seen as active participants in the design of personalized products, services and experiences. Often this participation is organised via the Internet to enable the opportunity for customers to integrate their knowledge, experience and skills into existing, modified or entirely new market offerings reflecting their personal preferences, needs and contexts. There is a growing body of literature dedicated to the discussion of value co-creation frameworks, mechanisms and processes. However, these typically focus on the study, discussion and analysis of a small number of cases using deep, ethnographic description of their practices aiming at conceptualization and categorization of the different types of interactions between end users, the firm and the value network. Although useful, such an approach misses the advantages of an empirically driven quantitative approach that benefits from larger size samples and is more appropriate for theory building through the development and testing of hypotheses. It is important, therefore, to seek the development of a research methodology that combines the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches for studying the nature of value co-creation. The article provides a first attempt to identify the main research steps of such a methodology. It provides some preliminary results on the key components of value co-creation between firms and end customers based on the application of web search and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques. The analysis of these preliminary results is then used as an opportunity to identify a number of research questions to be addressed in future research. The emerging research questions follow the inner logic of the value co-creation phenomenon as well as the nature of the results reported in this article. The specific nature of the results was found to be suitable for the application of small-N techniques such as the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) technique which combines the advantages of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. One of the main contributions of this article is to suggest and explore the possibility for using the QCA technique in future research on value co-creation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/301 %N November 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Stephen Allen is an Ottawa-based technology expert and manager with more than 20 years of experience in the design and development of hardware and software products and services. In 2008 he has completed the Technology Innovation Management program in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. Stephen is very much interested in the design and development of value co-creation platforms. This article represents some of the results of Stephen Allen's M.A.Sc. Thesis in Technology Innovation Management titled "An empirical study of the components of value co-creation". %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network and the Executive Director of Coral CEA. He is responsible for Lead to Win. %3 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. He is part of the Integrative Innovation Management Unit, a research group that operates across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Stoyan had a similar position in the Technology Innovation Management Program in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University and he worked for several years as an optical designer in the Ottawa high tech industry. Stoyan has a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physics, a M.Eng. in Technology Innovation Management, and a M.A.. His main research interests are: design and development of value co-creation platforms, value co-creation business models, value co-creation platforms for user-driven innovation, and technological infrastructures enabling value co-creation oriented business processes. He is also interested in the philosophy of technology, business ethics, and general epistemological issues at the interface of philosophy of religion and physics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Developing a Portal for Open Source Creation: A Brief Study %A Karen Opas-Lanouette %X This article discusses the historic genesis of one company's development of a portal and platform system that enables creators and their fans to work collaboratively between different mediums such as sequential art, graphica, concept, gaming, film/TV, and music. We examine challenges that arose and which are common to many startups. These include the protection of the intellectual property rights (IPR) of all parties, using open source software development to develop the portal, and the financial and personal toll that arises over the course of a startup?s journey. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/295 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 Ucreate Media Karen Opas-Lanouette, the editor for Ucreate Media and a lifelong fan of sequential arts, is inspired by the collaborative, borderless possibilities of open source creation. She has a background in the visual arts and as a professional writer/editor whose work has appeared in The Globe and Mail and Saturday Night Magazine. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Economic Free Software Perspectives %A Carlo Daffara %X "How do you make money with free software?" was a very common question just a few years ago. Today, that question has evolved into "What are successful business strategies that can be implemented on top of free software?" To properly answer this question, it is important to distinguish between the legal, procedural and business model aspects of free/libre and open source software, and how those aspects interact. For example, the licensing aspect influences the development strategy, the kind of development community that can be created around a project, and the potential business models that can provide a monetization strategy for a company that is interested in adopting an open source project as part of the internal company strategy. This article provides the most recent results from the FLOSSMETRICS project and its recent survey of the business model of more than 200 open source companies. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/277 %N August 2009 %9 Articles %1 Conecta Carlo Daffara is head of research at Conecta, an open source consulting company. He is the Italian member of the European Working group on libre software, chairs several other working groups like the open source middleware group of the IEEE technical committee on scalable computing and the Internet Society working group on public software, and contributed to the article presented by ISOC to Unesco on global trends for universal access to information resources. His current research activity is centered on the sustainability of OSS-based business models. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Arts & Media (October 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Anthony Whitehead %X The editorial theme for the October issue of the OSBR is arts and media. While code development is often described as an art form, it is less common to see a connection between traditional arts and open source. The articles in this issue explore that connection and the nascent possibilities for content creators, user communities, and entrepreneurs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/293 %N October 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 Carleton University Anthony Whitehead is a Professor in, and the Director of, The Carleton University School of Information Technology. As a faculty member with the Interactive Multimedia and Design Program he has created art based media installations featured at SIGGRAPH, installed in the Museum of Civilization, featured in International visual effects festivals and supervised interactive installation developments at the School. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Business Intelligence (September 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Sam Selim %X For the past decade, traditional proprietary tools from Cognos, Business Objects, Microstrategy, Hyperion, Oracle and Informatica have dominated BI environments throughout North America and Europe. The larger the customer it seemed, the bigger their appetite for spending money on proprietary BI tools. BI vendors have made billions selling software to larger clients throughout North America, much of it in the form of multi-million dollar site licenses. Large customers continue to pay huge perpetual annual maintenance fees, usually 20+ % of the initial license cost. Costs for additional users and new features requiring additional license fees can quickly add up to 40% - 50% of the annual BI budget. This has caused many organizations to scrutinize and question the value of their ongoing BI software expenditures. In these challenging financial times, cost conscience CIOs and Directors around the world are looking for ways to reduce the ongoing costs of administering their BI program, and a large number of them are turning to open source BI tools. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/283 %N September 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 SQL Power Group Sam P. Selim is the Founder and Chief Technology Officer of SQL Power Group Inc., a leading Canadian Consulting firm specializing in Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence. Mr. Selim is the lead architect for many of SQL Power's open source data warehousing and business intelligence tools and consulting engagements. He has over 16 years experience designing and developing custom data warehousing solutions for SQL Power clients. Sam has been a presenter at several data warehouse conferences and tradeshows and has written extensively on these topics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Collaboration (July 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Stephen Huddart %X The editorial theme for the July issue of the OSBR is "collaboration". While online collaboration has been a hallmark of open source software (OSS) communities, the articles in this issue demonstrate that open collaboration extends far beyond the creation of software. The authors discuss diverse collaboration opportunities including: brainstorming across disciplines, social innovation, aggregating non-profit donations, the green environment movement, open educational resources, introducing students to communities, and managing single-user software applications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/266 %N July 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 J. W. McConnell Family Foundation Stephen Huddart is the Vice President of The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation in Montreal, and the Director of Social Innovation Generation (SiG) @ McConnell. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Commercialization (February 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %X The number of market offers that rely on open source to generate companies' revenues is increasing. Open source has transformed how we develop software, hardware, content, and scientific knowledge. It is now transforming how we commercialize the market offers that generate revenue for companies that rely on open source projects. Commercialization is the theme of the February issue of the OSBR. The focus is on how new market offers that use open source to make money. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/225 %N February 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Enterprise Participation (January 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Donald Smith %X In The Role of Participation Architecture in Growing Sponsored Open Source Communities, Joel West and Siobhan O'Mahony argue that "to some extent, firms and technical communities have always collaborated to create standards, shared infrastructure, and innovation outcomes that are bigger than any one firm can achieve." and that "there is increasing evidence that path breaking innovations cannot occur without a community to interpret, support, extend and diffuse them". When considered in this light, it should not be surprising that more enterprises, both large and small, are increasing their participation in open source communities to drive innovation. The theme for this month's issue of the OSBR is enterprise participation and the authors provide practical advice for effective enterprise/community collaboration. Their experiences provide perspectives on: i) the Eclipse Foundation, which maintains an ecosystem of over 150 enterprises that participate in Eclipse open source projects; ii) an independent software vendor that sells closed source solutions constructed on top of an open source platform to large enterprise customers; iii) the impact of major players collaborating on a common open source platform for the mobile industry; iv) the role users can play in the very large (over 14 million) GNOME community; and v) the lessons a scientist from the National Research Council of Canada learned when he released software and started a small open source community. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/218 %N January 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Eclipse Foundation Donald Smith is Director of Ecosystem Development for the Eclipse Foundation, an independent not-for-profit foundation supporting the Eclipse open source community. He brings over a decade of worldwide industry experience, from small "dot-com" through Fortune 50 companies. Donald speaks regularly at both technical and business oriented conferences. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Geospatial (March 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Dave McIlhagga %X The recent emergence of MapQuest, Google Earth, Garmin GPS, and many other modern geospatial products make it seem that mapping technologies are a relatively new component of today's information technologies. In fact, the mapping industry was one of the original adopters of technology when geographic information systems were first developed over 40 years ago. The fruits of this backroom technology, once the domain of highly trained specialists, is now being leveraged by hundreds of millions, if not billions, of consumers around the world. Open source geospatial technologies have followed this same path from niche technology to mainstream component and are now critical to many of the applications that business and consumers use on a daily basis. Google Earth, for instance, incorporates a critical component of the open source geospatial stack to deliver satellite imagery to several hundred million installations around the planet. In the following articles, you will learn more about how these critical niche technologies have evolved from small grassroots activities to thriving technology projects under the umbrella of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation, and ultimately into key commercial components of industry. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/233 %N February 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 DM Solutions Dave McIlhagga is the president and founder of DM Solutions Group Inc., a leader in web mapping solutions delivery since 1998. Dave has positioned DM Solutions Group as a leading provider of commercial products and services to the open source web mapping community. Recently he has led the company's effort to bring high quality custom mapping to consumers through MapSherpa.com, to be launched in spring of 2009. Dave is a former Board member of the Open Source GeoSpatial Foundation and an active contributor to the open source geospatial movement. Prior to founding DM Solutions Group, Dave was a leading developer of one of the industry's first web mapping technologies at TYDAC Research. Dave graduated from Carleton University with an Honours Bachelor's degree in Geography, concentrating in Geographic Information Processing. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Open APIs (April 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Michael Weiss %X A few short years ago, the term "Internet" reflected the technical savvy sitting at a workstation reading email or using a search engine to find data. Today, people of all ages are using all manner of devices to: obtain public transit directions with Google Maps, share photos using Flickr and videos using YouTube, Tweet their whereabouts, meet new friends through Facebook, and perform countless other activities which have quickly become ubiquitous to every day life. This new generation of online activities is the result of open APIs, mashups, and rich Internet applications. These concepts are the focus of the April issue of the OSBR. The authors have done an excellent job of taking the editorial theme of "Open APIs" from the mysterious realm of programming into their applicability to daily life and business. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/240 %N April 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Open Source in Government (May 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A James Bowen %X Last summer, the Center for Strategic and International Studies published the sixth update to their Open Source Policy survey. The survey "tracks governmental policies on the use of open source software as reported in the press or other media." The report lists 275 open source policy initiatives. It also breaks down by country and by government level whether the policy on the use of open source is considered to be advisory, preferential, or mandatory. The editorial theme for the May issue of the OSBR is "open source in government" and we are pleased that the authors have drawn upon their experiences to provide insight into public policy regarding open source for many parts of the world. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/248 %N May 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 uOttawa James Bowen, PhD, PMP, CMC is an Ottawa technology entrepreneur and adjunct professor at uOttawa's Telfer School of Management. He has has over 25 years of experience as a technology company entrepreneur. His primary focus is bringing ideas, technology products/services, people, markets and money together into sustainable endeavours. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Tech Entrepreneurship (August 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A David Hudson %X Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of any technology business and really describes the character of those who would see their new ideas achieve commercial success. That character includes: risk taking and the ability to deal with uncertainty from many quarters, creativity and the ability to connect ideas in surprising ways, orchestration and the ability to marshal resources, and the ability to deliver a message with impact whether in the proverbial elevator or when the customer is listening to best and final offers. There is so much required of an entrepreneur, in some ways it is surprising that we have any at all. I've recently had the opportunity to witness a wide variety of entrepreneurs in action through the Lead to Win program. Lead to Win was started to assist innovation and entrepreneurship in the Canadian National Capital region. The program is certainly a response to the economic times and recognizes that when the tech sector is depressed, people who might otherwise find employment in established companies are more likely to start a business of their own. Lead to Win is designed to help entrepreneurs who have a deep technology background but need help building out some of the other dimensions of that entrepreneurial character. It has been a great pleasure to discover that the demand for Lead to Win has exceeded our expectations easily by a factor of two or three. The diversity of people, technologies and market opportunities that have come forward in what is often described as a government and telecom town is extremely encouraging. The patterns and themes in this diversity have the prospect of tapping into existing ecosystems and creating entirely new ones. This notion of entrepreneurship and how it unfolds in established and new fabrics of companies and customers is the centerpiece of this month's issue of the OSBR. Successful entrepreneurs do not exist in isolation and are able to see massive opportunity by leveraging those around them. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/275 %N August 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Lead to Win David Hudson is the Director of the Lead to Win program and is with Ontario's Talent First Network. He joins the doctoral program at Carleton University's Eric Sprott School of Business in September 2009. Until December 2008, Mr. Hudson was Nortel's Vice President for Advanced Research and Technology Labs. Since 1988, he held increasingly responsible management positions in Nortel both in engineering and product line management, working in all of Nortel's product lines. He has held the Nortel seat on a number of university advisory boards. Mr. Hudson received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Engineering from the University of Waterloo. He graduated from the Systems Design program at the University of Waterloo and his graduate work focused on pattern recognition and signal processing applied to earth resources imagery. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Value Co-Creation (December 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Stoyan Tanev %X The December issue of the OSBR continues our discussion on the topic of value co-creation. According to Prahalad and Krishnan, most of the succesful companies in 2015 will be using value co-creation practices and companies that do not make the efforts to adopt such practices will soon lack a serious competitive advantage. Business models based on value co-creation are not simply adopting a new possible way of doing business. Value co-creation business models follow the way society goes and missing this tendency might be critical for businesses. The key danger is to try seeing value co-creation within the context of our old thinking. This is an easy human mistake that could lead to the wrong questions to answer. In exploring value co-creation, we have not discussed all the possible answers, but have set a stage for finding the right questions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/306 %N December 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. He is part of the Integrative Innovation Management Unit, a research group that operates across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Stoyan had a similar position in the Technology Innovation Management Program in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University and he worked for several years as an optical designer in the Ottawa high tech industry. Stoyan has a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physics, a M.Eng. in Technology Innovation Management, and a M.A. His main research interests are: design and development of value co-creation platforms, value co-creation business models, value co-creation platforms for user-driven innovation, and technological infrastructures enabling value co-creation oriented business processes. He is also interested in the philosophy of technology, business ethics, and general epistemological issues at the interface of philosophy of religion and physics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Value Co-Creation (November 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Stoyan Tanev %X The relationship between companies that produce and distribute goods and the consumers who purchase and use those goods is often portrayed as "us vs. them". While technology provides the tools needed for communication and collaboration, company-consumer collaboration is often met with skepticism. Is it possible for companies and the users of their products to form mutually beneficial relationships that create value? The concept of value co-creation attempts to answer that question and it is the editorial theme of the November and December issues of the OSBR. Co-creation: New pathways to value reminds us that "It is...the quality of the relationship that companies form with and facilitate among their customers, which will determine how knowledge is created, shared and transferred". The authors in this issue introduce us to who is involved in these relationships, their motivations, and techniques. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/299 %N November 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for BSD Magazine and is the author of the books BSD Hacks, The Best of FreeBSD Basics, and the upcoming Definitive Guide to PC-BSD. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. He is part of the Integrative Innovation Management Unit, a research group that operates across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Stoyan had a similar position in the Technology Innovation Management Program in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University and he worked for several years as an optical designer in the Ottawa high tech industry. Stoyan has a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physics, a M.Eng. in Technology Innovation Management, and a M.A. His main research interests are: design and development of value co-creation platforms, value co-creation business models, value co-creation platforms for user-driven innovation, and technological infrastructures enabling value co-creation oriented business processes. He is also interested in the philosophy of technology, business ethics, and general epistemological issues at the interface of philosophy of religion and physics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Editorial: Women in Open Source (June 2009) %A Dru Lavigne %A Rikki Kite %X Whether you look at industry studies, online articles, or perhaps even around your own company, you'll see that women make up a small percent of the people working in free/libre and open source software (F/LOSS). Over the years there's been a growing interest in why so few women participate in this rapidly growing community and, more importantly, what can be done to help encourage more participation. Fortunately, members of the community - both male and female - are actively ramping up their efforts to attract more women to the F/LOSS community. Resources such as LinuxChix.org, the Geek Feminism Wiki, as well as publications, blogs, and articles written by and about women, draw attention to this growing, influential group of F/LOSS participants. Events, such as the Women in Open Source track at the Southern California Linux Expo, help women network and connect with other members of the F/LOSS community, while also increasing their visibility. In this issue of the Open Source Business Resource, innovative, energetic women discuss their specific projects, what other women in the field are doing, and their efforts to promote F/LOSS to people within their communities and internationally. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/255 %N June 2009 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 LinuxPro Magazine Rikki Kite is the Associate Publisher of Linux Pro Magazine and Ubuntu User and writes a blog that highlights women in open source. She is former editor for Sys Admin magazine, UnixReview.com, The Journal of Linux Technology, and The Perl Journal. She received her MSJ from the University of Kansas in May 2008 and wrote her thesis on women in open source. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Emerging Promise of Business EcoSystems %A Peter Carbone %X This article highlights the relevance of new business models and ecosystems in the knowledge-era economy. We begin with an introduction then argue that the shift in what is valued drives the need for new business models. The third section provides examples of innovative business models. The fourth section describes two key roles in an ecosystem: keystone and niche player. Finally, the last section provides the conclusions of this article. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/227 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 Coral CEA Peter Carbone is an ICT executive that specializes in ICT strategy and commercialization. He has a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new businesses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has been engaged as a technical advisor to startups, and has served on the board of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). He is currently Chairman of the Information Technology Association of Canada's (ITAC) committee focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada's Knowledge Economy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Enabling Geospatial Business Intelligence %A Thierry Badard %A Etienne Dubé %X Recently, interest in the huge potential of Geospatial BI has increased. It aims at combining geographic information system (GIS) and business intelligence (BI) technologies. Geospatial BI combines spatial analysis and map visualization with proven BI tools in order to better support the corporate data analysis process and to help companies make more informed decisions. BI is a business management term which refers to applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and information about company operations. BI applications are usually used to better understand historical, current and future aspects of business operations. BI applications typically offer ways to mine database- and spreadsheet-centric data to produce graphical, table-based and other types of analytics regarding business operations. BI systems give companies a more comprehensive knowledge of the factors affecting their business, such as metrics on sales, production, and internal operations, in order to to make better business decisions. Be aware that BI is a different from classical databases and much more complex. This article provides a rapid introduction to some important BI concepts. It then highlights the need for geospatial BI software and deals with the integration of the spatial component in a BI software stack in order to consistently enable geo-analytical tools. We then present different works performed and tools designed by the GeoSOA research group. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/289 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 University of Laval Dr. Thierry Badard is CTO of Spatialytics, a new company in geospatial BI. He is also a professor of geoinformatics at Laval University (Canada) where he heads the GeoSOA research group. He is a regular researcher of the CRG and of the GEOIDE NCE. He has more than 13 years of experience and has been involved in national and international research and development projects of importance. He acts as a chair, editor and reviewer for several international journals and scientific conferences. Dr. Thierry Badard is also actively involved in the geospatial free and open source community. He is an OSGeo charter member and a member of the OSGeo conference committee. Member of the board of the OSGeo Francophone chapter, he is also a founding co-chair of the OSGeo Quebec local chapter. He is a founding co-chair of the ICA working group on open source geospatial technologies. %2 University of Laval Etienne Dubé is a research assistant in the GeoSOA Research Group, Laval University. He holds a Masters degree in Geomatic Science and a Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering. He is the main developer in the GeoMondrian, SOLAPLayers and GeoKettle projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Enabling the Creative Entrepreneur: Business Ecosystems %A Brian Hurley %X To paraphrase John Donne, "no business is an island". Any business is part of a complex ecosystem that includes suppliers, customers, partners, and competitors. A successful business is able to leverage its connections within the ecosystem to its advantage. This article provides an overview of business ecosystems and how they provide opportunities for creative entrepreneurs to foster economic development and wealth creation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/276 %N August 2009 %9 Articles %1 Purple Forge Brian Hurley is an entrepreneurial leader with over 24 years of experience in building strong teams, innovative products and international businesses. Brian is currently CEO of Purple Forge which he founded in 2008. He founded Liquid Computing in 2003 and as its CEO raised over $44M in venture financing, built a world-class team, delivered an award winning product to market and won initial sales. Brian has built and led numerous successful business teams at Nortel, Bell-Northern Research and Microtel Pacific Research. Brian is the best-selling author of "A Small Business Guide to Doing Big Business on the Internet". He is an active member of the local tech community and is a member of the OCRI Board of Directors and the Young Presidents Organization. Brian graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Engineering. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Entrepreneurship in an Established Company %A John Boden %X There are some fundamental differences between how you go about being innovative in a startup and how you go about it when you have more than 350 customers in 75 countries already running their business on your product. Put another way, you have to approach entrepreneurship differently when you have over 2,000 active deployments serving 40 million people every day. We faced that challenge at Movius Interactive Corporation. This article provides a description of how we took on the challenge of revitalizing innovation and entrepreneurship and how open source plays a part. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/280 %N August 2009 %9 Articles %1 Movius Interactive John Boden is the CTO and Senior Vice President of Corporate Development at Movius Interactive. He brings over 20 years of strategy development, product management, development and marketing experience to the company. Most recently John held the position of senior vice president of product management at Openwave where he was responsible for the development and management of their entire suite of products and solutions. John joined Openwave from the VoIP startup, Genband, where he was the chief technology officer. Prior to that, John had a long career with Nortel, holding several leadership positions in the wireless, wireline and enterprise business units. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Expanding Role of Entrepreneurs in the Creation and Development of Internet Ecosystems %A Gordon Quinn %X Technology-based ecosystems are everywhere. Consumer Internet-based ecosystems are almost always very large scale entities because the Internet has few real boundaries. The center of these ecosystems is often a large company that is a household name and has played a significant role in creating, or at least shaping, the market segment its ecosystem serves. Because of this, Internet ecosystems are often thought of as the exclusive domains of large established companies. In the past that was typically the case, but tech entrepreneurs are now increasingly able to act as the driving force behind the creation of Internet-based ecosystems. Entrepreneurs are moving into the role of ecosystem creation and development, and the established big companies are evolving to a supporting role of ecosystem enabler, investor, and operator. This article will review and contrast the roles of tech entrepreneurs with the roles of large established Internet companies in the creation and development of consumer Internet ecosystems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/279 %N August 2009 %9 Articles %1 iPic Innovations Gordon Quinn is Co-Founder and CEO of iPic Innovations Incorporated. A communications industry veteran with a passion for leading emerging growth businesses, his roots are in networks and multimedia consumer and enterprise technology. Before founding iPic Innovations, Gordon was responsible for Nortel's New Business Opportunity program, following six years leading Nortel's multimedia business and technology programs. Gordon has an extensive background in networks and market-leading consumer and enterprise businesses, with experience spanning broadband, enterprise, and wireless market applications. He served on the Board of Directors for the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) representing Nortel from 2001-2002, contributing to the strategy for the transition of the North American telecom networks from legacy voice infrastructures to Multi-Media-capable broadband ecosystems. He is a frequent keynote and specialist speaker at many high-profile industry trade shows in North America and Europe. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Feds are Ready for a Change %A Mike Gifford %X Canada is at the tipping point for acceptance of open source. Open source software and culture has reached a critical mass in the business world and it is also being actively deployed within the Canadian government. While open source has contributed outstanding code, its impacts are even more profound, raising core values of participation, co-operation and standardization. However, like many large institutions, there has been reluctance to modernize its official position regarding this approach to software development. There is still considerable investment in existing procurement practice and thousands of jobs and billions of dollars are being invested in old information technology (IT) solutions. This article discusses the global momentum in federal government departments to support open source as well as some of the problems with the federal government's procurement process. However, despite the problems and relatively slow adoption of open source technology, there is movement for adoption. Federal government policies may be lagging behind other G7 governments, but it is being implemented across the civil service. There are also many people within government, at all levels, who understand the advantages of using open source. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/251 %N May 2009 %9 Articles %1 OpenConcept Mike Gifford is the founder and president of OpenConcept Consulting Inc., an open source web development shop specializing in non-profits, unions and government. He has led open source projects since 2000, is actively engaged in Ottawa's Drupal community, and is spearheading the accessibility initiatives within the latest version of Drupal. OpenConcept has a policy of ensuring that all their software development is licensed under the GPL 2.0. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T First Steps towards Mapping the Economy's Genome %A Evan Andrews %X Companies are increasingly being pressured to be green, although it is not always clear what this means. Upon closer examination, the concept of green can be seen as an emergent quality of the interactions between many companies, many chemicals, and our environment - all driven by our collective purchases. This tangled web can be better understood with the right analysis methods, software, and data, but these resources are currently scarce and expensive. The intellectual capital companies need to navigate this landscape can be quickly dispersed if they encourage the construction of an open environmental infrastructure of tools and data. This article discusses the analysis methods, software, and data that can be used to help companies, the economy, and society become greener, faster. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/270 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Sylvatica Evan Andrews is an analyst at Sylvatica, a Life Cycle Assessment consulting firm and research group. Sylvatica's mission is to propose creative solutions to improve, and eventually make positive, the environmental and social impacts of our actions. It administers the Earthster Project as one of its many initiatives. Evan is based in Montreal, Quebec. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T F/LOSS is Commercial Software %A David A. Wheeler %X Many people mistakenly use the term "commercial software" as if it was the opposite of Free/Libre Open Source Software (F/LOSS). This is in spite of: i) the rise in commercial development and support for F/LOSS; ii) the goal of most F/LOSS projects to incorporate improvements, which is actually a form of financial gain; iii) official definitions of "commercial item" that include F/LOSS; and iv) F/LOSS licenses and projects that clearly approve of commercial support. In reality, there are two types of commercial software: proprietary software and F/LOSS. This paper provides examples for each of the four points mentioned above, briefly notes some alternative terms, and ends with some conclusions, and explains why it is important to understand that F/LOSS software is almost always commercial. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/229 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 David A. Wheeler is a software developer and technical author. His interests include include writing secure programs, vulnerability assessment, open standards, open source and free software, Internet/web standards and technologies, and POSIX. David holds a MS, Computer Science and BS, Electronics Engineering from George Mason University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Freely Licensed and Open Source Pipelines for Art Based Film and Media Production %A Anthony Whitehead %X Given the number of free/libre and open source licensed tools, and the number of "no cost" applications at the fingertips of the artist/animator/film developer today, the ability to "create what you will" is now an option for everyone. The advent of affordable media development tools has opened up the world of media production to those who were previously locked out of the Hollywood studio system. Proprietary software including Adobe Creative Suite, Autodesk?s Maya, Nuke, After Effects, Final Draft, and a litany of other necessary tools creates a financial wall so high that ?will? cannot overcome it alone. In this article, we examine a standard pipeline from a birds-eye-view for anyone with a will to create an Indie film. Without breaking the bank, the entire pipeline is achievable using F/LOSS tools and content that is available under a creative commons license. This allows high quality media development for all. In many cases, these same tools are being used by the Hollywood elite. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/296 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Anthony Whitehead is a Professor in, and the Director of, The Carleton University School of Information Technology. As a faculty member with the Interactive Multimedia and Design Program he has created art based media installations featured at SIGGRAPH, installed in the Museum of Civilization, featured in International visual effects festivals and supervised interactive installation developments at the School. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Geospatial: An Open Source Microcosm %A Paul Ramsey %X Open source has seen great success in general information processing, but does it have a future in vertical markets? In this article, we examine how geospatial open source provides an example of the market challenges of a mid-sized vertical market. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/234 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 OpenGeo Paul Ramsey is a Senior Consultant with OpenGeo, a social enterprise dedicated to providing support and service on a complete stack of open source geospatial products, from database to middleware to web interface. Mr. Ramsey is a Director of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation and the 2008 recipient of the Sol Katz Award for accomplishments in open source geospatial software. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Geospatial Primer: in Search of the Next "Killer App" %A Andrew Ross %X Soon after Codd wrote his paper on relational algebra in 1970, relational databases significantly changed the way people manage data. Today, relational databases are the workhorses of enterprise data storage. Similarly, imagine a world without email or the Internet. What will the next "killer app" or "killer service" look like? What kinds of attributes and features will it provide? In this article, we provide a primer on geospatial technology. We then explain possible reasons for growth in the geospatial industry, examine Ingres' geospatial project, and relate the material to learnings about open source as a protocol for business. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/237 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 Ingres Andrew Ross is a Director within the Engineering team at Ingres. He leads a team of software engineers to work on Ingres community projects including Geospatial and CAFE. Prior to joining Ingres, Andrew was an Architect and software developer at Nortel. Andrew has been developing and using open source for over a decade and teaching University classes using open source since 2004. He is a charter member of The Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Andrew is Founder and President of the Free and Open Source Software Learning Centre, a non-profit dedicated to improving people's lives through skills development and outreach using open source. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The GNOME Foundation Is All About People %A Stormy Peters %X As open source projects mature, they tend to join or create foundations which manage the project's financial and software assets, provide a marketing and legal entity, and sometimes help to set the direction of the project. As non-profit organizations, foundations have a specific structure defined by the jurisdiction in which they were formed. This structure typically includes a volunteer board of directors and sometimes paid staff such as a secretary or executive director. As Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation, I am often asked "what do you do?". This article will introduce the structure of the GNOME project and its Foundation, describe how the Foundation works to support the GNOME project, and discuss the roles of the people within the GNOME Foundation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/261 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 GNOME Foundation Stormy Peters is Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation, a 501(c)3 non-profit which works to further the goals of the GNOME Project. She has established relationships with the open source community and industry sponsors. Stormy has been involved with the GNOME Foundation, having been one of the founding members of the GNOME Foundation Advisory Board in 2000. Her previous positions include that of Open Source Program Manager at Hewlett-Packard and Director of Community and partner programs at OpenLogic. Stormy graduated from Rice University with a B.A. in Computer Science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Government Transparency via Open Data and Open Source %A Jennifer Bell %X Industry analyst Gartner describes web services based on open government data as having a "greater potential effect on the ability to transform government than anything else in the Web 2.0 world". In his technology platform, Barack Obama has made groundbreaking promises related to increasing government accountability by: i) publishing data in open formats; and ii) using online tools to involve citizens in government decision making. These transformative ideas have not yet spread to politics in Canada. As citizens, we trust that money is being wisely spent on the systems that run our country. We trust that the people governing us have the skills, time, and information they need to make the best decisions. We trust that bureaucracies are well-designed and that the people in them are motivated to make those bureaucracies better. Unfortunately, it's hard to trust what you can't see. By publishing information in open, machine-readable formats, governments can take a powerful step towards building public trust. By sharing information, governments can start to channel the expertise of the citizenry outside of the civil service to build more effective and inclusive ways of running the country. The non-profit VisibleGovernment.ca is working to make online tools for civic participation based on open government data a reality in Canada. This article describes why open government data is not only a requirement for greater government transparency, but also a valuable investment in our country's infrastructure. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/230 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 Visible Government Jennifer Bell has a background in launching software start-ups. Prior to founding VisibleGovernment.ca, Jennifer was on the seed management team of Tungle Corporation, recently named one of Canada's top 10 Web 2.0 startups to watch. Previously, she was a software developer, and later architect and product manager, for Nimcat Networks, which was sold for $43M in 2005. Jennifer has degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Saskatchewan, and an MBA in Entrepreneurship from McGill University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T How Companies Make Money Through Involvement in Open Source Hardware Projects %A Edy Ferreira %A Stoyan Tanev %X The study of open source software (OSS) development and business strategies has become the subject of significant research interest. However, there is little research on business models associated with the development of open source assets other than software such as hardware or content. This article provides an overview of current business models for creating revenue for both open source software and hardware. It then summarizes our research of market offers to identify the ways companies use open source hardware (OSH) projects to make money. The research results provide insights about the dimensions of open source business models in an area other than typical software development. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/228 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Edy Ferreira is an Electronics Engineer who has worked in the Telecommunications industry. He is currently a graduate student in the M.A.S.c in Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) at Carleton University and this article is based on preliminary results of his TIM thesis. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. He received a joint Ph.D. from the University of Sofia and the Universite Pierre and Marie Curie. His research interests include open source innovation strategies in non-software sectors, management of innovation in new, emerging and cross-disciplinary technology areas, and biomedical optics and nanophotonics design and simulation tools. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T How Open Source Strengthens Business Models %A Tony Bailetti %X For a company's commercialization efforts to succeed, it needs to come up with great market offers which have great business models. Open source (OS) is neither a business model nor a market offer. A market offer with a weak business model will derive little benefit from OS regardless of how good the OS may be. Little is known about how OS strengthens the business model of a company's market offer. This article provide a conceptual tool that can be used to capture, share and communicate the strength of a company's business model and help articulate tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The second half of the article provides many examples that show how OS strengthens a company's business model. This paper is relevant to: i) top management teams who must formulate their companies' business models clearly and communicate what is expected from OS; ii) top management teams who are considering investing in OS projects, participating in OS development, or influencing schedules and priorities of OS projects; iii) staff of OS foundations who must attract company investment and participation in their OS projects; and iv) academics who undertake research in the alignment of product development and OS evolution for the purpose of improving business performance %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/226 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network, the Director of the Technology Innovation Management program offered by Carleton University, and the host of the TIM Lecture Series. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Human Factor in Open Source %A Cat Allman %X It is easy to focus on the purely technical side of engineering: design, coding, documentation, licensing issues, and the release process. The interpersonal aspects of engineering also have a vital part to play. An important and frequently overlooked part of the successful free/libre and open source enterprise are the soft skills of communication, administration, and relationship building. Google uses, creates and supports open source software both as the raw material of code, and as a development model. My work in the Open Source Programs Office at Google as one member of a three person Outreach team is almost entirely about the mechanics of building good relations between the F/LOSS community at large and Google. This article describes our day-to-day tasks which are variously focused on student programs, external communications, event management, and financial administration. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/257 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 Google Cat Allman has been involved with the F/LOSS community since the mid 1980s, including marketing and sales roles at Mt Xinu, Sendmail, Inc, and the USENIX Association. She works as a systems administrator, IT manager, and media buyer. Her outreach role in the Open Source Programs Office at Google is like slipping into a warm bath of global F/LOSS goodness. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T An International Look at Women in Open Source %A Cathy Malmrose %X When attending conferences, working with various open source teams, and generally interacting with people in the open source world, we see women as a small representative minority. The disparity leaves us wondering: "How to activate the other 50% of the population?". The question, "How do we include more women?" has been asked many times and answered in many ways. Cathy Malmrose, CEO of ZaReason, a Linux hardware company, stated, "possibly the most immediately effective solution is to showcase women internationally and their contributions. By simply talking about what women are doing all over the world, it creates an atmosphere of acceptance, encouraging more women to try contributing, no matter where they are located or what their situation is. Our goal is to normalize the experience of having women on open source projects". This issue of OSBR is a powerful effort to do just that. This article provides a glance at women in open source internationally. It is by no means comprehensive and is based solely on a random sampling of women who are currently contributing. The goal of this article is to give you a sense of the breadth and depth of women contributing to open source. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/256 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 ZaReason Cathy Malmrose is a hardware builder in Berkeley, California. In the shadow of the University of California at Berkeley, Cathy is building a Linux hardware company to supply laptops, desktops, and servers to open source users. She grew up near Redmond and spent her early adult years in Austin. Her background includes working in education and software development along with founding a non-profit to support the effective use of technology in education. Cathy is currently enjoying working with the big OEMs in China and the many Linux contributors internationally. Her goal is to build hardware that showcases the superior power and effectiveness of Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T An Introduction to Open APIs %A TIM Program %X This article provides a glossary of terms associated with open APIs which can serve as an introduction to the other articles in this issue of the OSBR. We conclude with some additional resources, video and text, which present further thoughts on the business value inherent in open APIs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/241 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Lessons on Community Management from the Open Source World %A Angela Byron %X From the outside (and often times from within, too), the success of healthy open source projects defies all logic. Scores of individuals from all over the world, all of whom have different skill levels, use cases, and experience, not to mention native languages and time zones, collaborate together in order to help make a project succeed. How is it that all of this chaos comes together and creates something wonderful and useful? And moreover, what lessons can be taken from how open source projects work "on the ground" and applied to our practical, daily lives and organizations? This article will attempt to extrapolate some of the experience gleaned from being immersed for over four years in the Drupal project. Drupal is an open source website building tool which has transformed from a small hobby project in 1999 to a robust framework powering hundreds of thousands of websites today. But behind buzzwords like "social publishing" and "content management framework" there lies a diverse, passionate, and vibrant global community. We present some of the key ingredients to the community's success, many of which can be applied to any organization. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/258 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 Drupal Angela Byron lives in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and works as a senior web consultant at Lullabot, an open source consulting and training company. She started in open source as a Google Summer of Code student in 2005, and has since completely immersed herself in the Drupal community. Her work includes leading core development on the upcoming 7.0 release and helping new contributors to get involved. Angela co-authored the O'Reilly book Using Drupal, is on the Board of Directors for the Drupal Association, and was the recipient of the Google-O'Reilly Open 2008 Source Award for Best Contributor. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Licensing of Open APIs %A G.R. Gangadharan %X Two major trends in software development today are the open source paradigm and the notion of software as a service. The combination of these has lead to the concept of open APIs and mashups. Since late 2005, there has been a rapid proliferation of applications, referred to as mashups, that combine data and services provided by third parties through open APIs with data sources owned by users. Open APIs give users access to the data or services of an information technology platform. A well-known example is the Google Maps API, which generates maps for a given location, whose output can be combined with other data and services into mashups. Combining services and data from multiple sources raises several issues related to intellectual rights in mashups. However, the concept of mashups is currently in a nascent stage, and service and data providers often underestimate the relevance of these issues. In this paper we give an overview of open API licensing and provide examples from current open APIs. We then briefly discuss licensing of open APIs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/243 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %1 Novay Dr. G.R. Gangadharan is a research scientist at the Novay (Telematica Institute), Enschede, The Netherlands. His research interests are mainly located on the interface between the technological perspective and the business perspective. His research interests include Service Oriented Computing, Internet Software Engineering, Intellectual Property Rights, Free and Open Source Systems, and Business Models for Software and Services. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Mapping Mashup Ecosystems %A Michael Weiss %X Mashups enable, users to "mix and match" data and user interface elements from different online information sources to create new applications. The creation of mashups is supported by a complex ecosystem of interconnected data providers, mashup platforms, and users. In our recent research, we examined the structure of the mashup ecosystem and its growth over time. The main contribution of our research is a method for the analysis of mashup ecosystems. Its novelty lies in the development of techniques for mapping the mashup ecosystem, and the use of network analysis to obtain key characteristics of the ecosystem and identify significant ecosystem members and their relationships. In this paper, we summarize the key steps of our analysis method, describe the members of the mashup ecosystem, and discuss the managerial implications of our analysis. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/242 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, mashups/Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities, licensing of open services and the innovation in the mashup ecosystem. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Measuring Modularity in Open Source Code Bases %A Steven Muegge %A Roberto Milev %X Modularity of an open source software code base has been associated with growth of the software development community, the incentives for voluntary code contribution, and a reduction in the number of users who take code without contributing back to the community. As a theoretical construct, modularity links OSS to other domains of research, including organization theory, the economics of industry structure, and new product development. However, measuring the modularity of an OSS design has proven difficult, especially for large and complex systems. In this article, we describe some preliminary results of recent research at Carleton University that examines the evolving modularity of large-scale software systems. We describe a measurement method and a new modularity metric for comparing code bases of different size, introduce an open source toolkit that implements this method and metric, and provide an analysis of the evolution of the Apache Tomcat application server as an illustrative example of the insights gained from this approach. Although these results are preliminary, they open the door to further cross-discipline research that quantitatively links the concerns of business managers, entrepreneurs, policy-makers, and open source software developers. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/245 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Muegge teaches within the Technology Innovation Management program. His current research interests include open source software, open innovation, and open source ecosystems. %2 Carleton University Roberto Milev completed an M.Eng. degree in Technology Innovation Management in 2008. As part of his research into open source software, he derived the relative clustered cost metric and developed the jDSM open source toolset for computing DSMs and modularity metrics. He is currently working as a manager for a software development company. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Micro- and Macro-levels of Co-creation: How Transformations Change People's Preferences %A Tore Kristensen %X Radical technologies can lead to extreme transformations of their users and even societies. Innovation researchers, archeologists, economic- and technological historians, and other scholars have studied past radical innovations to rationalize how these innovations emerged. This knowledge is indispensible for business and governmental decision makers. However, most research studies lack the human dimensions, such as "what did these innovative people think?" and "what were their personal motivations?". In many instances, we don't even know who the inventors were. In this article, we argue that a better understanding of personal transformations may lead to an increase of co-creation effectiveness and efficiency. First, this article will explore the nature of the personal transformations taking place among ordinary people as consumers and users of cultural institutions. Such institutions have been created to enable people to learn and grow individually and to create a sense of community and cohesion. Second, we discuss the co-creation aspects of personal transformation processes. This will be seen in two contexts: that of the individual who is transformed, and in terms of the different value contributions to a community of users. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/303 %N November 2009 %9 Articles %1 Copenhagen Business School Tore Kristensen is a Professor in strategic design at the Department of Marketing, Copenhagen Business School. His main area of research includes strategic design, creative marketing, and physical space and architecture. Tore has a Bsc, Ms and PhD from the Copenhagen Business School. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T A Model for Sustainable Student Involvement in Community Open Source %A Chris Tyler %X A healthy community is the lifeblood of any open source project. Many open source contributors first get involved while they are students, but this is almost always on their own time. At Seneca College we have developed an approach to sustainably involving students in open source communities that has proven successful in a course setting. This paper outlines Seneca's approach and discusses the results that have been obtained with it. We will examine the key factors for successful student integration into open source communities and steps that educational institutions and open source projects can each take to improve student involvement. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/272 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Seneca College Chris Tyler is a programmer and Linux network administrator with a focus on the X Window System and LAMP. He has programmed in two dozen different languages over the past 20 years, and now teaches at Seneca College, Toronto. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Motivating Stakeholders for Co-created Innovation %A Alex Pedrosa %X Today's profit orientation forces companies to focus on their core competencies and, at the same time, provide customers with multiple new offerings. To meet these two requirements, companies need to develop innovations in collaboration with different stakeholders including suppliers, customers, and users. While Managers and researchers discuss the benefits coming from the process of co-creating innovations with the various stakeholders, little is known about what motivates different stakeholders to engage in the co-creation of innovations. The purpose of this article is to highlight the first results of a qualitative study that focuses on the different types of value stakeholders can expect from co-creating innovations. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/311 %N December 2009 %9 Articles %1 University of Southern Denmark Alex da Mota Pedrosa is Assistant Professor at the Mads Clausen Institute at the University of Southern Denmark. He is also a member of the Integrative Innovation Management Unit. He holds a Doctorate from European Business School (Germany). Alex received a degree in Business Informatice (Dipl. Wirt.-Inf.) with a major in operations research at the University of Paderborn (Germany). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Offline: Where Tech Communities Succeed With Women %A Selena Deckelmann %X Conferences are one way that women can be drawn into the free/libre and open source software ecosystem. Many different approaches are needed to increase women's participation in F/LOSS, but face-to-face interaction has proven to be a critical part of the way the technology community in Portland, Oregon has thrived. This article describes through anecdotes the successes of this community, and suggests how other communities could benefit from Portland's experience. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/263 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 End Point Corporation Selena Deckelmann works for End Point Corporation and is an enthusiastic open source advocate and PostgreSQL specialist. She is co-chair of the Open Source Bridge conference, a conference for open source citizens. In her spare time, she likes to mix drinks for her local Perl and Postgres user groups and fetch eggs from her chickens (when she has them). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Open Source BI: A Market Overview %A Steve Holub %X The following survey provides a list of open source software tools used in business intelligence (BI) and data warehousing systems. The tool selection criteria was based on the frequency and currency of the releases and on whether the product has released a stable build which could be used in a production environment. We only present those solutions which have had updates within the past two years. Our study looked at BI tools in the following categories: i) databases; ii) extract, transform, and load; iii) master data management; iv) BI reporting tools; and v) data mining. In the case of an open source software bundle that overlaps categories, we divide the software bundle into its separate parts for ease of categorization. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/287 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 SQL Power Group Steve Holub is a Business Intelligence Consultant with SQL Power Group. Steve graduated from McMaster University with a Master's degree in Economics, and received Database Application Developer training from Seneca@York. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Open Source BI Reporting Tool Review %A Benjamin Dietz %A Lily Singh %X The main purpose of a business intelligence (BI) system is to provide access to information for decision makers. Reporting tools help to create, administer and distribute reports. Reports can be classified into three categories: i) standard reports containing information in table form; ii) cubes which are online analytical processing reports designed to analyze multidimensional data; and iii) dashboards which provide an overview of selected reports and key performance indicators. Each of these report types are often supplemented by graphical representations of the data. There are many different reporting solutions available in the open source market. In this article, we compare four open source reporting solutions. They give a good insight of the current state of the market and are among the the most popular solutions in use today. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/288 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 SQL Power Group Benjamin Dietz is a Business Intelligence Consultant at SQL Power Group. Benjamin wrote his masters thesis on Open Source Business Intelligence and graduated from University of Applied Science Karlsruhe, Germany with a Master of Business Information Systems. %2 SQL Power Group Lily Singh is a Business Intelligence consultant at SQL Power. A graduate form the University of Waterloo, Lily has been a consultant with SQL Power for the past 2 years. In this time she has contributed to different projects ranging from Data Migration, Data Cleansing to building complete Data Warehouses. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Open Source Resources in Education: Opportunities and Challenges %A Norm Friesen %X The education community has been at the forefront in envisioning and conceptualizing infrastructures intended for utilizing and sharing digital content or resources. However, this community has faced challenges in making these visions a reality. We begin by describing a relatively early attempt at creating an economy for sharing educational resources, referred to as learning objects. We then discuss two approaches to opening up educational contents to the world under the auspices of the more recent Open Educational Resources movement. One of these approaches has focused on creating open resources from scratch, utilizing Wiki content development and management technologies in the wake of the phenomenal success of Wikipedia. A second approach is represented by developments in Open Courseware. Following the example of MIT's Open Courseware, this approach has more recently been adopted by many other educational institutions under the OCW Consortium. We conclude by making the case that this second approach may represent the most promising of recent developments in the adaptation of open source and open content to educational practices and technologies. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/271 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Thompson Rivers University Dr. Norm Friesen is Canada Research Chair in E-Learning Practices at Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, BC, Canada. Dr. Friesen has been developing and studying Web technologies in educational contexts since 1995, is the author of several editions of books on the effective use of instructional software, is co-editor of Phenomenology and Practice, and is a member of the Canadian delegation to the ISO subcommittee for Learning, Education and Training. He previously worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University, and as an adjunct or visiting faculty at Athabasca University, at the University of Toronto, the Technical University of Dresden and the University of Innsbruck. He holds Master's degrees from the University of Alberta and Johns Hopkins University, and a PhD in Education from the University of Alberta. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Open Source: Shifting Buying and Evaluation Patterns of BI Users %A John Kemp %X The emergence of open source software (OSS) has changed the buying patterns and approaches for the evaluation and selection of business intelligence (BI) tools. This article discusses how the buying patterns have changed and what it means for businesses looking at open source BI software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/286 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 SQL Power Group John Kemp is a Principal Consultant with SQL Power Group. John is responsible for the delivery of Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing projects at SQL Power. A 20 year information technology veteran, John previously provided Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence consulting services with KPMG, SAS Institute, Infobright Inc., and as the lead of his own consulting firm. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Open Source Web Based Geospatial Processing with OMAR %A Mark Lucas %A Scott Bortman %X The availability of geospatial data sets is exploding. New satellites, aerial platforms, video feeds, global positioning system tagged digital photos, and traditional GIS information are dramatically increasing across the globe. These raw materials need to be dynamically processed, combined and correlated to generate value added information products to answer a wide range of questions. This article provides an overview of OMAR web based geospatial processing. OMAR is part of the Open Source Software Image Map project under the Open Source Geospatial Foundation. The primary contributors of OSSIM make their livings by providing professional services to US Government agencies and programs. OMAR provides one example that open source software solutions are increasingly being deployed in US government agencies. We will also summarize the capabilities of OMAR and its plans for near term development. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/236 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 RadiantBlue Technologies Mark Lucas has pioneered efforts in OSS development in remote sensing, image processing and GIS. Mark established remotesensing.org and has led several government funded studies and development efforts since 1996. These efforts include OSSIM projects for the National Reconnaissance Office, the Open Source Prototype Research and Open Source Extraordinary Program projects for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. He is currently leading the Open Technology Development effort within the Department of Defense Advanced Systems and Concepts in collaboration with National Information Infrastructure and the Business Transformation Agency. Mark has a BS in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Arizona and a MS in Computer Science from West Coast University. He was commissioned in the Air Force and assigned to the Secretary of the Air Force Special Projects organization. He has experience as both a government and contractor program manager through a number of classified programs. He is on the Board of Directors of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation, the Open Source Software Institute, and the National Center for Open Source Policy and Research. Mark is currently a principal scientist at RadiantBlue Technologies Inc. %2 OMAR Scott Bortman is the system architect and primary developer for the OMAR web processing system. He has been a primary contributor to the OSSIM software baseline over the last decade. He has a BS and MS of Computer Engineering from the Florida Institute of Technology and has worked for a number of government contractors including Computer Science Innovations, ImageLinks Inc., Intelligence Data Systems, and L3 Corporation. He is currently working as a Senior Software Engineer for RadiantBlue Technologies Inc. Scott has a strong background in database design, Image Processing, C++ and Java programming. Within the OSSIM development team, Scott is known for his ability to stay current with the latest advances in software development tools, methodologies, and approaches. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Opening the Source of Art %A John Bell %X The open source community has developed a number of tools and philosophies to assist in distributed software development. The Still Water Lab at the University of Maine believes that these tools and philosophies can be adapted to facilitate other forms of distributed creative endeavours. It has developed two tools that reinterpret the ideas used in open source software through the lenses of artistic creation and preservation: The Pool and the Variable Media Questionnaire. This article discusses how several of the ideas used in software development have influenced Still Water's approach to making tools that support artistic production. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/294 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 University of Maine John Bell is a web application developer, data artist, and adjunct faculty at the University of Maine New Media department. He has contributed to the development of The Pool, a system for fostering and documenting distributed creativity in digital arts; the Variable Media Questionnaire, a tool used in the recreation of technologically obsolete artwork; released several open-source web authoring tools; and given birth to an artificial intelligence that accidentally committed suicide. Many of his projects focus on trust in online communities and maintaining intellectual integrity in environments where there are few consequences to ignoring it. His work has been featured in Wired online and at Ars Electronica's Electrolobby Kitchen. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Q&A. How can an individual or small business give back to an open source community? %A Mike Kavis %X How can individual or small business give back to an open source community? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/231 %N February 2009 %9 Q and A %1 Mike Kavis has over 23 years of experience in Information Technology. He is currently CTO/Chief Architect at a technology startup and has his own consulting company. Mike has worked in the health, retail, CPG, manufacturing, and loyalty marketing industries. Mike earned a BS in Computer Science from RIT and received his Masters in Information Technology and Executive MBA from Colorado Tech. Mike writes about technology for CIO.com and SOAInstitute.org and blogs at http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/madgreek. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Q&A. What do investors look for in a business venture? %A James Bowen %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/281 %N August 2009 %9 Q and A %1 uOttawa James Bowen, PhD, PMP, CMC is an Ottawa technology entrepreneur and adjunct professor at uOttawa's Telfer School of Management. He has has over 25 years of experience as a technology company entrepreneur. His primary focus is bringing ideas, technology products/services, people, markets and money together into sustainable endeavours. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Q&A. What lessons can "green" computing learn from open source? %A Venkat Mangudi %X What lessons can "green" computing learn from open source? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/312 %N December 2009 %9 Q and A %1 Venkat Mangudi Consulting Venkat Mangudi is an Open Source Evangelist and Strategy Consultant based in Bangalore, India. He specializes in optimizing the technology portfolios of small and medium businesses. He has over 17 years of experience worldwide in selling, planning, deploying and managing enterprise applications across India, South Korea, Germany, Singapore and the United States. He is a senior technologist who thrives on challenge and draws upon strong technical and cross functional skills to achieve key business needs and resolve tactical pains. He was working as a Portfolio/Program Manager with the world's largest enterprise software company, Oracle, till he returned to India. He now actively manages his consulting firm called Venkat Mangudi Consulting. In less than 30 months, he and his team have assisted over a dozen clients to evaluate, pilot and implement open source enterprise applications for Enterprise Resource Planning, Customer Relationship Management, Enterprise Project Management and Integrated Library Management system. He expresses his thoughts in Business Gyan as well as BenefIT and i.t. Magazine. He is frequently invited to speak on open source and related strategies at conferences and seminars. He is a certified Project Management Professional. He loves wine, golf and squash. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Q&A. What will Oracle do with Sun’s open source offerings? %A Sam Selim %X Sam Selim answers the question "What will Oracle do with Sun?s open source offerings?" %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/291 %N September 2009 %9 Q and A %1 SQL Power Group Sam P. Selim is the Founder and Chief Technology Officer of SQL Power Group Inc., a leading Canadian Consulting firm specializing in Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence. Mr. Selim is the lead architect for many of SQL Power's open source data warehousing and business intelligence tools and consulting engagements. He has over 16 years experience designing and developing custom data warehousing solutions for SQL Power clients. Sam has been a presenter at several data warehouse conferences and tradeshows and has written extensively on these topics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Reassuring End Users Of Open Source: The OSGeo Example %A Tyler Mitchell %X Furthering the adoption of open source software (OSS) is often seen as a natural, contagious progression as more developers and users share with others about the success of their projects. But how can an open source project even hope to compete with proprietary commercial products with massive marketing budgets and staff? Aside from not typically having large financial resources for marketing, other factors can lead enterprise users to look elsewhere for guarantees of product longevity and a robust support ecosystem around the product. Without these features, many users and businesses alike would not consider the software as an option or have a desire to become involved. This is equally true with open source geospatial software projects which are focused on presenting freely available mapping and geographic analysis tools to the world. The Open Source Geospatial Foundation seeks to address the needs mentioned above, to promote the excellent software that is available, and to provide a model where businesses can join in promotion and development. OSGeo undertook some novel approaches to encouraging new and existing support options which boosted confidence within the business sector by helping to ensure that project code will be publicly accessible for years to come. In this article, we discuss the factors needed to get open source geospatial products into the hands of those users willing to test, use and eventually admire them as their favourites, or to go one step further and recommend them as a corporate solution. We examine the advantages provided by using marketing to help promote open source projects and then consider how this can boost business confidence in the use of the software. The article closes with a look at how a natural ecosystem of open source users is able to create something bigger and more consequential than each project could attain on its own. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/235 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 OSGeo Tyler Mitchell is the Executive Director of OSGeo. He is also the author of Web Mapping Illustrated: Using Open Source GIS Toolkits. He has 13 years of GIS experience, much of which involved open source technologies. He can be found speaking at open source and geospatial events around the world and is dedicated to introducing great tools to great people.

%0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T A RESTful Implementation of Geospatial Web Services %A Haris Kurtagic %A Geoff Zeiss %X In "What is Web 2.0?" Tim O'Reilly identifies the characteristics that distinguish Web 2.0 from the first generation of Web applications. One key aspect is participation. Instead of users simply consuming information, Web 2.0 technology enables all of us to participate in building content. The power of Web 2.0, in Tim O?Reilly?s words, is that it provides a platform for "harnessing collective intelligence". Perhaps the best known example of this is Wikipedia, which is distinguished from other online encyclopedias by the fact that its content is provided by users rather than a small group of experts. This model has been so successful, even the Encyclopedia Britannica has adopted a Web 2.0 approach. A critical challenge to participation is interoperability--integrating the islands of technology that characterize most information technology organizations. There have been earlier attempts to create a standard framework for distributed computing such as CORBA and DCOM, but the complexity of these environments has limited their adoption. A more recent and simpler approach is Representational State Transfer (REST). In this article we begin with an examination of the critical challenges facing organizations responsible for maintaining our utility, telecommunications and transportation infrastructure, outline how open standards are helping to address these challenges, and then discuss how geospatial data and services can be exposed over the web. We introduce REST, outline a RESTful implementation of geospatial web services that provides simple and open access to geospatial data over the web using standard web protocols, and describe a prototype web site developed using RESTful web services by the City of Nanaimo. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/238 %N February 2009 %9 Articles %1 SL-King Haris Kurtagic is General Manager and Founder of SL-King which focuses on developing spatial applications. Haris received an M.Sc degree in Information Science from the University of Sarajevo. His interests include spatially-enabled relational database management systems and the opportunities offered by open source geospatial. His first open source project was an Oracle Spatial data provider, King.Oracle, for the FDO interface. %2 Autodesk Geoff Zeiss joined Autodesk in 1999 where he is Director of Technology. His interest is in geospatially-enabled solutions and infrastructure management. In 2004, Geoff received one of ten annual global technology awards from Oracle Corporation for technical innovation and leadership in the use of Oracle. Prior to joining Autodesk, Geoff was Director of Software Engineering at VISION* Solutions which was widely recognized for developing innovative infrastructure solutions using leading edge technology. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Role of Consumers Within an Open Source Community %A Stormy Peters %X The software provided by the GNOME Project is produced by a large community comprised of several thousand developers, translators, quality assurance testers, and documentation writers. Consumers are represented in the community by technical users and organizations that distribute GNOME technologies. And while the community reaches out regularly to non-technical end users and welcomes any that approach the community, these two worlds rarely interact. This article draws upon our experience within the GNOME Project to examine the question "Why do consumers and the community rarely interact?". Our insights may prove useful for other projects and consumers wishing more interaction. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/222 %N January 2009 %9 Articles %1 GNOME Foundation Stormy Peters is Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation, a 501(c)3 non-profit which works to further the goals of the GNOME Project. She has established relationships with the open source community and industry sponsors. Stormy has been involved with the GNOME Foundation, having been one of the founding members of the GNOME Foundation Advisory Board in 2000. Her previous positions include that of Open Source Program Manager at Hewlett-Packard and Director of Community and partner programs at OpenLogic. Stormy graduated from Rice University with a B.A. in Computer Science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T So Are You A Contributor?: Women's Contributions to Linux and Open Source Span Technology and Business %A Amanda McPherson %X While there are over 60 names on the list of women in open source on the Geek Feminism wiki, there are far more than 60 women making their mark in open source. I work with talented people every day in my role as Vice President of Marketing and Developer Programs at the Linux Foundation, and see first-hand the contributions women make at the technology and business levels. This article presents some of the techniques used by the Linux Foundation to encourage a culture of inclusion and to foster a wide variety of open source contributions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/264 %N June 2009 %9 Articles %1 Linux Foundation Amanda McPherson is a founding management team member of the Linux Foundation and current Vice President, Marketing and Developer Programs. She is responsible for content, web strategy, events, public relations and developer programs, including the Linux Developer Network. Highlights of her work with the Linux Foundation include: defining the initial brand and positioning of the organization, creating the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit, and authorizing multiple content pieces, including the "Who Writes the Linux Kernel" whitepaper. She has been involved in open source for the past eight years. Amanda was director of marketing for the Free Standards Group, the certification and standardization authority for Linux. Prior to that, she was Director of Marketing for Covalent Technologies, the leading provider of Apache Web server software. Previously, she served at two of the industry's largest public relations and marketing agencies -- Cunningham Communication and Burson-Marsteller -- where her work was recognized by an industry award from the Public Relations Society of America. She was a core member of the marketing team responsible for the launch of the Java programming language in 1995. A published fiction author, Amanda graduated magna cum laude with a B.A. in English from the University of California at Berkeley, where she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from the University of Arizona. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T So You Wanna be a Linus Torvalds? The Do's and Don'ts of Running a Small Open Source Project %A Alain Désilets %X In this paper, we present a series of lessons learned on how to effectively run a small open source community. These lessons are based on my own experience as the leader of VoiceCode, a project that aims at developing an integrated programming-by-voice toolbox. It provides tools that allow programmers with Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) to write computer code by talking to their machine instead of typing. The VoiceCode project started in 1999 by the National Research Council of Canada, and was first officially released in 2003. The system is now at a point where it can be used by programmers to do real work, and there have been over 9,100 downloads so far. The project has also attracted the attention of the media. In the process of leading this project, we have learned many important lessons; too many to discuss exhaustively here. We will however share three that seem particularly important. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/223 %N January 2009 %9 Articles %1 NRC Alain Désilets is a Research Officer at the National Research Council of Canada. For the past 15 years, he has been involved in the rapid development of prototype software that uses bleeding edge Human Language Technology (ex: Speech Recognition, Machine Translation, Natural Language Understanding). For the past five years, his work has focused on Computer Assisted Translation tools. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Social Actions: Making the Web More Philanthropic %A Peter Deitz %A Christine Egger %X Social Actions makes it easier for people to turn their good intentions into meaningful action. The organization has created an open source database of actions people can take on any issue. The actions in the database come from across the social web and include everything from volunteer opportunities to micro credit loans. It currently aggregates opportunities to make a difference from 50+ action sources, including: CanadaHelps, Kiva, Idealist, GlobalGiving, GiveIndia, and Greater Good South Africa. Using the Social Actions application programming interface, we encourage third party developers to build web and mobile applications that intelligently distribute actions from our database on the websites, social networks, and mobile phones that millions of people use every day. This article describes how Social Actions applies open source principles to the organization's products and processes. In its entirety, Social Actions is intentionally designed to contribute to the ongoing and vibrant conversations about open source practices and principles. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/269 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Social Actions Peter Deitz is a blogger, social media consultant, and the founder of Social Actions. He is a guest blogger on Social Edge, the Stanford Social Innovation Review, and PopTech. Peter has spoken at several 2009 venues including the Nonprofit Technology Conference, the NetSquared Conference, Connecting Up Australia, Semantic Technology Conference, and My Charity Connects. Peter holds a BA in History from McGill University and an MA in History from the University of Toronto. He lives in Montreal, Quebec. %2 Social Actions Christine Egger is a founding team member of Social Actions. She holds a master's in International Development from Michigan State University and brings 15 years' experience in for- and non-profit project management, fund development, networking and collaboration, and strategic planning to the Social Actions team. Her work focuses on the intersection of international development, philanthropy, and the complexity sciences. She lives in southeast Michigan. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Social Media and Open Source: Worlds Apart? %A Aaran Duncan %A Glenn McKnight %X Social Media, also known as Web 3.0, is not your granddaddy's Internet. How it is used is in a constant state of change. The rising tide of expectations, together with innovation, are pushing various platforms, especially in mobile technology. Mobile has become a compelling format to interface with the Internet, bringing a new spin to the phrase "One Laptop Left Behind". We believe that the degree to which open source communities embrace mobile and Social Media technologies dictates their relevance to the general public. We also believe that open source and Social Media communities can learn and benefit from each other. This article explores the increasingly intersecting worlds of Social Media, mobile, and open source. We describe how Social Media has the potential to change the way communities use and create open source tools to better align with end-user expectations. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/297 %N October 2009 %9 Articles %1 Digital Deceptions Aaran Duncan is owner of Digital Deceptions. He is a graphic and web designer as well as an award winning WordPress theme designer at WordCamp Toronto 2009. %2 Global Catalysts Glenn McKnight is owner of Global Catalysts Consulting Service. He is a consultant to non-profits, providing Social Media and Open Source Solutions. Glenn is former Director of the Linux Professional Institute which focuses on global Linux professional certifications. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T A Social Vision for Value Co-creation in Design %A Liz Sanders %A George Simons %X The Cluetrain Manifesto was introduced in 1999, calling for a powerful global conversation between companies and the people they serve. Since then, the conversation has started and is finally gaining momentum. Co-creation is the buzzword of the day to describe the various types of conversations that are taking place. But the conversation has multiple perspectives. It can be applied to multiple domains ranging from sales tactics and branding contests to strategic, human-centered means of affecting social transformation. In this article we try to articulate a vision for value co-creation by focusing on its social aspects. It is our hope that such social vision will contribute to existing perspectives so that future conversations can take place in a more productive way. The suggested framework organizes the seemingly disparate applications, comparing the mindset, goals and results of three types of value co-creation: monetary, use/experience and social. Although these three types of value co-creation are all relevant, we believe that the social type of value provides a real opportunity for significant social change. However, the rules of engagement for this type of co-creation are particularly challenging. Participation must be face-to-face to allow for real-time interaction to take place. Empathy for the people who will be affected by change is key. Visualization of the collective assets is essential. And having the appropriate mindset about co-creation is the single most important component for success. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/310 %N December 2009 %9 Articles %1 MakeTools Liz Sanders is the President of MakeTools, a company that explores new spaces in the emerging design research landscape. She is a visionary in participatory design practices, having introduced many of the tools, techniques and methods being used today to drive and/or inspire design from a human-centered perspective. Liz has practiced across all the design disciplines. Her current focus is on bringing co-creation and human-centered design thinking to the planning and architectural design process. Liz offers learning experiences in co-creation and innovation for clients, colleagues and students around the world. She has a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology and a B.A. in both Psychology and in Anthropology. %2 NBBJ George Simons has a long and diverse career spanning the arenas of environmental and industrial design, applied design research and innovation strategies. At the core of his work is the ongoing passion for integrating different design and research disciplines with complex design problems and the needs of business. During his career he has held positions as the Director of the Advanced Concepts Research and Design Group at Steelcase, started and managed his own design and strategy consultancy, fahrenheit, and after that was a managing partner and location lead at IDEO. George's work has been widely published, exhibited in museums, and received numerous awards. He is listed on over 40 patents. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Special Considerations for Business Intelligence Projects %A David Currie %X A business intelligence (BI) project has to be managed with as much discipline as any other information technology (IT) project in order to be successful. There are a few items that need special consideration given the nature of BI solutions, regardless of the specific methodology or technology involved. This article will discuss how to extract maximum value from an investment in BI software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/285 %N September 2009 %9 Articles %1 Clearview Informatics David Currie is the founder of Clearview Informatics, a software startup focused on BI solutions and analytics for customer data. He has worked as an independent BI consultant, providing technical and project management advice to both private sector and government organizations. Previously, he was employed by IBM Cognos, advising strategic customers and troubleshooting enterprise BI implementations gone bad. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T The Steady March of the European Penguins %A Gijs Hillenius %X Open source licenses allow public administrations to change, share and re-use their applications freely. Open standards allow for connectivity and interoperability between the applications. For a wider use of open source software by public administrations, it is equally important to require the use of open standards in the public sector. Open source projects can face difficulties when using proprietary standards, especially if these latter require usage royalties. The member states of the European Union made steady progress in 2008 in developing information technology policies on open source and open standards. Spain and France have taken the lead, yet in all EU member states examples of administrations using open source software can be found. Europe's competition commissioner Neelie Kroes warned the EU's institutions to follow suit and use open standards: "I know a smart business decision when I see one". This article provides an overview of the advancements and some of the setbacks of the implementation of open source and open standards by public administrations in the 27 member states of the European Union in 2008. It is mostly based on the news items the author wrote for the European Union's Open Source Observatory and Repository. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/249 %N May 2009 %9 Articles %1 OSOR Gijs Hillenius is is a free lance IT journalist and the news editor of OSOR.eu. He has a major in Physical Geography from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a graduate degree in Journalism from the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. He can sometimes be found at computer science classes at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, but if this will ever lead to a Bsc. remains to be seen. His office runs on Debian GNU/Linux. Most of Hillenius's work is done using GNU/Emacs. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T TellTable: Collaborative Work Using Single User Applications %A Andy Adler %A John C. Nash %A Sylvie Noël %X Many work environments require collaborative writing and editing of documents in diverse formats. In simple cases, there is essentially one author who receives approvals and comments from others. In other cases, the document is genuinely collaboratively authored using asynchronous or synchronous methods. A common way to collaboratively edit a document is to exchange draft versions between authors via email. This method introduces the possibility of conflicting changes and missed contributions as well as a significant burden as all members of the team are responsible for version control. The principle difficulty is that independent changes can be made to different versions, which must later be reconciled manually. It is also difficult to determine when and why a change was made. This article introduces TellTable, an open source system designed to allow single-user software applications to be managed in a collaborative manner. We will discuss current collaboration models, the technical aspects of the TellTable software framework, security issues in its implementation, and tests of performance. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/273 %N July 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Andy Adler is associate professor and Canada Research Chair in biomedical engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His research interests are in biometrics imaging and security systems, and development of non-invasive biomedical measurement technologies. Previously, he worked at several senior engineering positions. Andy Adler received a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal in 1995. %2 University of Ottawa Dr. John C. Nash was Professor of Management in the Telfer School at the University of Ottawa until mid-2008. With a B.Sc. from the University of Calgary (in Chemistry) and a doctorate in Mathematics from Oxford, he has had a varied career in government, industry and academia. His books, articles and papers cover computation, statistics, forecasting, information science, risk management and quality and productivity improvement. He has also been a columnist for Interface Age, Scientific Computing Editor for Byte, and an editor or associate editor of several statistical journals. He remains active with several open source software projects, especially R and Gnumeric, and continues to offer his energy and expertise to others, both as a paid consultant, contractor or educator and as a volunteer to community projects, for example, as President of the Ottawa Canada Linux User Group. %3 CRC Dr. Sylvie Noël is a research scientist for the Communications Research Centre of Canada, where she works on the human factors of computer-supported cooperative work and collaborative virtual worlds. She has worked on projects on collaborative writing, video conferencing, social networks, and the incorporation of haptics and of emotions into virtual worlds. She is presently co-writing a book chapter on the difficulties associated with collaborative data analysis. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Torys Technology Law Speaker Series: Open Source Licenses and the Boundaries of Knowledge Production %A Byron Thom %X The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law is Canada's premiere legal program in law and technology. The Torys Technology Law Speaker Series brings prominent speakers from around the world to discuss current topics in law and technology. A new approach to open source software was presented to students and faculty at the University of Ottawa on March 11, 2009. Michael Madison, Associate Dean for Research and Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, presented "Open Source Licenses and the Boundaries of Knowledge Production". Prof. Madison spent time outlining and answering questions on a novel interpretation of copyright in the age of OSS. Using historical examples, he called for the courts to incorporate a spatial framework to deal with open source licenses. His approach was particularly relevant and timely in light of a recent opinion from the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Jacobsen v. Katzer. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/246 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %1 University of Ottawa Byron Thom is finishing his law degree at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law with a concentration in law and technology. His interests vary from new approaches to intellectual property law to how technology may save the world from global warming. Byron was also a participant in Canada's first class on the Law of Robotics and was at the table when Kerr's Postulate was formed. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Transparency in Government %A Darlene Meskell %X The focus of the Spring 2009 Intergovernmental Solutions Newsletter was Transparency and Open Government. The introductory article, republished here with permission, introduced the topic and the rest of the Newsletter. It provides an overview of current initiatives in both the United States and other parts of the world. Other articles from the Newsletter are referenced by page number. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/252 %N May 2009 %9 Articles %1 GSA Darlene Meskell is the Director, Intergovernmental Solutions, GSA. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Use of Moodle for Single Entry Portal at Riga Technical University %A Tom Schmit %A Zigmunds Zitmanis %X This article discusses the reasons for the decision of Riga Technical University (RTU) in Latvia to choose an open source product as the application to create ORTUS. ORTUS is an acronym for Open Riga Technical University Services and provides the single point of entry into electronic services for the University. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/253 %N May 2009 %9 Articles %1 Riga Business School Tom Schmit is an instructor at Riga Business School and does strategic and other devlopment consulting through his own firm, Ideas in Development. He has a BA in Biochemistry and an MBA with a concentration in Management of Information Services, both from Canisius College. %2 Riga Technical University Zigmunds Zitmanis is Vice-Rector for Information Technology at Riga Technical University. Previously, he worked as Administrative Director and Computer Administrator at Riga Business School. He holds a Masters Degree in Engineering Economics and a MBA with a number of attended short courses and acquired certificates, including Prince2, ITIL, Microsoft Certified Professional and IBM Lotus Certified Professional. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Use of Open Source Software by the Brazilian Government %A Edgy Paiva %X In most countries, government initiatives that encourage the use of open source software are primarily motivated by the goal of reducing costs. In Brazil, the goal is different. According to Rog?rio Santanna, Secretary of Logistics and IT at the Brazilian Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management, "open source is a strategic choice of the Brazilian Federal Government since 2003 because it reduces costs, increases the competition, creates jobs and develops the knowledge and intelligence of our country. Our preference for open source is not motivated only by economic aspects. But there is also the possibility to develop new products, distribute the knowledge, access to new technologies and to stimulate the development of software in collaborative environments". This article shows how the Brazilian Government is using OSS, gives some examples of successful Brazilian projects that use OSS, explains some difficulties for implementing OSS, and makes a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of using OSS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/250 %N May 2009 %9 Articles %1 IVIA Edgy Paiva has a Bachelor degree in Computer Science and is currently a MSc. Student in Applied Informatics at the University of Fortaleza in Ceara, Brazil. He is a Brazilian entrepreneur and Co-founder and Director of IVIA, a premier IT services provider with core competencies in offshore IT services, on-demand services, custom application development, web design and search engine optimization. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Using JavaScript Toolkits to Create Rich Internet Applications %A Owen Byrne %X Since 2004, the number of Rich Internet Applications has increased, making them a key component of the Web 2.0 phenomenon. Many RIAs have been developed using JavaScript and AJAX. AJAX is used to access remote data sources, that reside on the server or are available through an open API, directly from within the application. The rich variety of applications would not be available today without the concurrent appearance of many, powerful JavaScript toolkits that have taken the development of these applications from labour-intensive to nearly painless. These toolkits provide an open source alternative to the proprietary products developed by Adobe (Flash/Flex/Air) and Microsoft (Silverlight). This article provides two examples that demonstrate the evolution of RIAs, then compares the features of the most commonly used JavaScript Toolkits used to create RIAs. We then discuss how freely available toolkits are able to compete against proprietary alternatives. Finally, we provide some concluding remarks based on our experience with creating enterprise RIAs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/244 %N April 2009 %9 Articles %1 Travelpod Owen Byrne is currently Senior Manager of Travelpod Labs. He is probably best known as the co-founder and original developer of digg.com where he was the primary technical decision maker for most of its period of growth, from inception to the Series A financing. Owen holds three degrees from Saint Mary's University and Dalhousie University, as well as an ABD from the University of Manitoba. He has over 20 years experience in software development and managerial roles including a brief stint as a university professor. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Value Co-Creation and New Marketing %A Aron Darmody %X Co-creation grants consumers free rein to work with company-provided resources in the production of their own value offerings. The ongoing participation of active consumers in the production of their own use and exchange value inverts the long-standing marketing orthodoxy of the company as the arbiter of value. Rather than resist this fundamental shift in the locus of value creation, savvy firms positively embrace the change and seek to manage consumer freedoms in order to harness the consumers' productive capabilities. Using the example of the Apple iPhone and App Store, and drawing on labour theories of value and Foucault's notion of government, we show how granting consumers freedom through co-creation has become the most effective mode of production for contemporary marketers. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/302 %N November 2009 %9 Articles %1 York University Aron Darmody is a Doctoral Candidate in Marketing, Schulich School of Business, York University, His areas of research interest include cultural studies of marketing practice, value co-creation, marketer identity, consumer creativity, and virtual consumption. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Value Co-creation as Part of an Integrative Vision of Innovation Management %A Stoyan Tanev %A Mette Knudsen %A Wolfgang Gerstlberger %X Value co-creation is an emerging concept in business, marketing and innovation management. Its growing interest points to the emergence of a new semantic wave in innovation research that requires the adoption of new terminology, frameworks and fields of research exploration. There is a number of existing research streams that provide a solid starting point in the discussion of different perspectives on co-creation. One key research aspect that needs to be further addressed is the potential benefits from the adoption of value co-creation practices and strategies. This article shares insights from an attempt to position the value co-creation paradigm within an integrative vision for innovation management research and practices. This positioning is a challenging task as the meaning of the terms "value co-creation" and "integrative" innovation management need to be more fully clarified. We attempt to identify an appropriate plane of conceptual integrity that could be used to describe the innovation management field within the context of its relation to value co-creation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/309 %N December 2009 %9 Articles %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering at the University of Southern Denmark. He is part of the Integrative Innovation Management Unit, a research group that operates across the faculties of social sciences and engineering. Stoyan had a similar position in the Technology Innovation Management Program in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University and he worked for several years as an optical designer in the Ottawa high tech industry. Stoyan has a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physics, a M.Eng. in Technology Innovation Management, and a M.A. His main research interests are: design and development of value co-creation platforms, value co-creation business models, value co-creation platforms for user-driven innovation, and technological infrastructures enabling value co-creation oriented business processes. He is also interested in the philosophy of technology, business ethics, and general epistemological issues at the interface of philosophy of religion and physics. %2 University of Southern Denmark Mette Praest Knudsen is a Professor in Innovation Management at the Department of Marketing and Management (Faculty of Social Sciences), University of Southern Denmark. She is the research manager of the Integrative Innovation Management research unit. She holds a Ph.D. from Aalborg University on technological competencies of high- tech companies and a Master of Economics from Odense University. Her current research topics include open innovation and inter-organisational relationships for New Product Development, knowledge sharing practices, environmental new product development and outsourcing of manufacturing and research and development activities. %3 University of Southern Denmark Wolfgang Gerstlberger is an Associate Professor at the Faculty for Social Sciences (Department of Marketing and Management) at the University of Southern Denmark, and a member of the Integrative Innovation Management research unit. He holds a Masters degree from Kassel University in Social Sciences and Public Economics. He received his Ph.D. in Social Sciences and his habilitation in Management Science. After a research stay at the University of California, Berkeley, he received an endowed chair for Innovation Management and Small Business Research at the International Graduate School Zittau. Wolfgang's current research interests cover innovation systems at the regional and firm level, environmental new product development, participation of employees in innovation practices and innovation networks. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Value Co-creation: Lessons from Lead to Win Ecosystem %A Tony Bailetti %A David Hudson %X While the concepts of value co-creation and business ecosystems have become dominant, there is lack of conceptual clarity as to the role of co-creation in a business ecosystem. The objective of this article is to provide concrete examples of co-creation in vendor neutral ecosystems using lessons learned from operating the Lead to Win ecosystem. In a vendor neutral ecosystem, no vendor dominates and membership is open to all individuals and organizations that meet specific criteria. The article is organized into three sections. The first section provides a short description of the Lead to Win ecosystem. The second section uses concrete examples to illustrate the lessons learned about co-creation in vendor neutral ecosystems. The third section describes key takeaways based on our five months experience operating the keystone of the Lead to Win ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/308 %N December 2009 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. His research and teaching support Carleton's Technology Innovation Management program. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network and the Executive Director of Coral CEA. %2 Lead to Win David Hudson is the Director of the Lead to Win program and is with Ontario's Talent First Network. He is pursuing doctoral studies at Carleton University's Eric Sprott School of Business with a focus on how communications enabled applications selected by knowledge workers affect their productivity. Previously, Mr. Hudson was Nortel's Vice President for Advanced Research and Technology Labs and has had an extensive career in technology and product line management, working in all of Nortel's product lines. Mr. Hudson received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Viable Business Models for Corporate Co-creation Communities %A Kim op den Kamp %X The participation of people in online communities is rapidly increasing and the shared data, information and knowledge in these communities is becoming greater and more diverse. The social community Facebook.com has over 300 million active members and over 40 billion photos uploaded to the site each month. Wikipedia.org has more than 75,000 active contributors, who are working on 10 million articles in more than 260 languages. The opportunities of these large sources of information gathered in communities are being discovered by companies. Harley Davidson has established a large community where motorbikes and accessories are presented and discussed by members. Moreover, members interact about user- and maintenance tips. Participation in this community has been found to increase the commitment and affection for the Harley Davidson brand. The toy manufacturer LEGO has over 2.5 million participants in their community, 40% are adults, and 3,000 new designs are uploaded to this community weekly. The best designs are produced and sold in stores. The use of co-creation communities seems promising. However, the main business model elements that strengthen successful co-creation communities have not been defined yet. The elements of these communities that create value, that require resources, and that incur costs have not been explored in detail. The objective of this article is to provide insights into three main business model elements of co-creation communities: the value proposition, the value network, and the revenue model. These elements will be specified for distinctive new product development phases. The insights are obtained from our in-depth study of seven co-creation communities. We will conclude with some recommendations for creating successful co-creation communities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/300 %N November 2009 %9 Articles %1 Technical University Eindhoven Kim op den Kamp has an MSc in Innovation Management from the Technical University Eindhoven. Her Master Thesis focused on viable business models for co-creation communities. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2009 %T Ways of Engaging Consumers in Co-production %A Michael Etgar %X As co-production becomes an important engagement for many consumers-suppliers situations, the issue of how to encourage consumers to engage in co-production becomes an important question. Marketers need to recognize that co-production is not an automatic consumer situation but a conscious decision by consumers to engage in such activities. This article presents several factors which may enhance the ability of consumers to engage in co-production. To engage consumers, marketers have to ensure that they offer those products and services that can be individually adjusted and modified, and to present them to consumers who have a higher propensity to engage in co-production activities. In order for consumers to agree to such endeavours, marketers must find what kind of benefits targeted consumers seek in such activities. Those usually encompass economic, psychological and social needs. Then, they have to offer them packages which can fulfill such needs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2009 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/307 %N December 2009 %9 Articles %1 School of Business Administration in the College of Management Academic Studies Michael Etgar is a professor at the School of Business Administration in the College of Management Academic Studies, Israel. He currently serves as the Academic Director of the Supply Channels Management Program in the School. Professor Etgar earned his Ph.D in Marketing at UC Berkeley and has taught in NYU, University of Northern Florida and at SUNY Buffalo. He has written over 50 articles in marketing, two books, and numerous chapters in several books. He has consulted to several large scale Israeli companies, to government agencies and to several international organizations. Currently he is engaged in several research projects about international retailing, co-production, application of new technologies for marketing management and service quality. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Adaptive Co-management and the Learning that Leads to Social Innovation %A Nancy Doubleday %X Learning and social innovation are linked. Adaptive co-management offers strategies that empower learners to take responsibility, collaborate and create. To improve our understanding of how social innovation is nurtured, we examine three projects that used the adaptive co-management approach to support learners working in autonomous groups to create social goods and fill perceived gaps. The student projects led to the following social innovations: i) an organic food market serving students; ii) an open source approach to design in a field where proprietary approaches are more common; and iii) a model that extends the impact of what first year university students learn well beyond the classroom. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/187 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Nancy Doubleday is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University. She has been actively involved in social and environmental justice, from local to international levels. She has studied the Canadian Constitution, the taking of water from the Tay River, Arctic contaminants and Inuit health, and international conventions on environmental conservation, biological diversity and environmental protection. Currently she is investigating the integration of ecological-social-cultural change, as a basis for transformative life-long learning, sustainable livelihoods and renewal of our relationships to each other and to the Earth. She has been involved with Arctic and international environmental issues for more than 25 years. Nancy Doubleday was awarded a B.Sc. (Honours) by Brock University, a B.Ed. by the University of Toronto, a L.L.B. by Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, an M.E.S. by York University, and Ph.D. from Queen's University. She is a Member, Bar of Ontario. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Blood on the Tracks: 6 Years of Technical Entrepreneurship in Ottawa %A John Callahan %A Tony Bailetti %X In 2002, twenty nine engineers and computer scientists completed a Lead-to-Win (LTW) program in Technical Entrepreneurship. The LTW program was a pilot program designed for former Nortel employees to gain the skills needed to become entrepreneurs. Of the participants, fifteen started technology businesses, ten tried to attract venture capital funding, eleven tried to grow their companies with no venture capital funding, and seven established five technology businesses headquartered in Ottawa. These businesses attracted over $91 million from venture capital firms during one of the worst economic times to hit this region and created over 280 jobs globally. On May 15th at the Partnership Conference Series, John Callahan and Tony Bailetti, directors of the LTW program, and three of the LTW graduates spoke about the lessons learned during and since the program. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/150 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The Canadian DMCA: A Betrayal %A Michael Geist %X Having had a few more hours to think about Industry Minister Jim Prentice's Canadian DMCA, I am left with one dominant feeling--betrayal. I have already highlighted the key provisions and coverage (and note that it will take some time to fully assess the implications of this bill) but it is immediately apparent that the concerns of thousands of Canadians--now over 45,000 on the Fair Copyright for Canada Facebook group alone--have been realized. If enacted, the Canadian DMCA would strongly encourage the use of technological locks and lawsuits. While Prentice has given a handful of new rights to Canadian consumers, each is subject to many limitations and undermined by the digital locks provisions that may effectively render the new rights meaningless. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/161 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Ottawa Michael Geist is a law professor at the University of Ottawa where he holds the Canada Research Chair of Internet and E-commerce Law. He has obtained a Bachelor of Laws degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Master of Laws degrees from Cambridge University and Columbia Law School, and a Doctorate in Law from Columbia Law School. Dr. Geist serves on the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's Expert Advisory Board and maintains privacyinfo.ca, a leading privacy law resource. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Child-Centric Laptop to Help Address Social Needs %A John Roese %X The One Laptop Per Child Foundation, founded by MIT professor Nicholas Negroponte and a team of educators, developers and technologists, was launched in 2005 to design, manufacture and distribute laptop computers that are affordable enough to provide every child in the world with access to new channels of learning. Known as the XO, the little green-and-white US$188 laptop has since gone on to introduce computer literacy and self-empowered learning to children in countries and environments previously considered inaccessible. It's also an example of social innovation, where companies like Nortel are leveraging novel approaches-including open source software development-to drive change that will benefit society. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/182 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Datamonitor John Roese is Nortel's Chief Technology Officer and is responsible for leading the company's research and development strategy and for directing future research across all product portfolios. Roese is the functional leader of Nortel's 10,000+ scientists, engineers and designers worldwide. Before joining Nortel, he held the position of CTO at Broadcom Corporation, Enterasys Networks, and Cabletron Systems. Roese sits on the boards of the One Laptop Per Child association, ATIS and Blade Network Technologies, and is actively involved in the IEEE and IETF, as well as other standards bodies. He has co-authored a number of IEEE standards and related documents. Roese holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE) from the University of New Hampshire. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Community Building: NetBSD in Hindsight %A David Maxwell %A Lubomir Sedlacik %X The NetBSD Project is one of the oldest modern open source software projects. It provides an operating system that runs on over 50 hardware architectures (also called ports), including the IBM PC, Motorola PowerPC, and Sun UltraSPARC machines. Founded in May of 1993, the project has supported the operating system's active development and managed contributions from thousands of individuals. Prior to the New York City BSD Users Group Conference held in October, 2008, NetBSD developers from across the globe held a face to face meeting for planning and problem solving. Four developers from Sweden, Canada, the US, and Slovakia took a few minutes to think about how the NetBSD community has evolved over the past fifteen years. This article summarizes those perspectives and provides insight into how an open source community maintains development momentum while managing contributions from a large number of volunteers with varying skill levels from across the globe. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/195 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 Coverity David Maxwell is Coverity's Open Source Strategist. An open source security specialist, he has over 20 years of experience as an open source user and developer, and is particularly active in the NetBSD community. He currently sits on the advisory board for the BSD Certification Group and the program committee for the annual BSDCan conference. He was NetBSD Security Officer from 2001-2005 and a contributor to the O'Reilly title "BSD Hacks." Maxwell has previously worked as a lead kernel developer for Nokia, and architected the Internet Service offering for Fundy Cable in New Brunswick. %2 NetBSD Project Lubomir Sedlacik is a software engineer at Sun Microsystems by day and pkgsrc hacker by night. He helped to establish the pkgsrc security and release engineering teams and spent countless hours working on Solaris support in pkgsrc. He is also one of the organizers of the annual pkgsrc conference, pkgsrcCon. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Contrasting Proprietary and Free/Open Source Game Development %A Alessandro Rossi %A Marco Zamarian %X Free/Libre Open Source Software (F/LOSS) development practices are gaining momentum in the computer game industry. This traditionally proprietary industry is becoming more interested in the F/LOSS paradigm for developing complex software projects. Software practitioners, both managers and developers, need to understand the potential in order to benefit properly from incorporating F/LOSS practices into their proprietary production cycle. Comparisons between proprietary and F/LOSS software development processes are usually characterized in terms of the relationship between property rights, revenue distribution and power within a network of actors. By contrast, coordination and control practices, mediating artifacts and development tools, and the interactions between the different actors involved in the development are often neglected. Proprietary and F/LOSS development differ in terms of the knowledge exchanges between the relevant actors and the different strategies employed to overcome information asymmetries. Recognizing this difference is an essential step for evaluating how proprietary, closed-source software houses can benefit by integrating various F/LOSS practices into their development agenda. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/192 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Trento Alessandro Rossi is Assistant Professor of Management at the Faculties of Economics and Engineering, University of Trento. His research interests are related to managerial cognition and to the economics and management of innovation and new technologies. He is currently investigating how organizations design and produce complex artifacts, with particular reference to knowledge intensive industries and to the open source/open content paradigm of production. %2 University of Trento Marco Zamarian is Associate Professor of Organization Theory and Behavior and Human Resource Management at the Faculty of Economics, University of Trento. His current research interests include organizational learning, knowledge creation and replication in geographically distributed contexts, the impact of IT artifacts on organizational knowledge, industrial clusters, and the evaluation of the effects of public subsidies to the private sector, in particular for technology acquisition and research and development activities. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Coverity Report %A David Maxwell %X On May 20, 2008, static analysis tool vendor Coverity released a report entitled "Open Source Report 2008". The report includes information gathered over the first two years of the Coverity Scan project which was developed as part of a contract from the US Department of Homeland Security. Coverity provides its analysis tools to open source projects in order to identify quality and security flaws in the codebases. Once identified, the developers of the open source projects are given the information in order to facilitate hardening of the software. The report includes information about the progress made by various projects using the Scan service. Additionally, the Scan databases constitute one of the largest and most diverse collections of source code to be built and analyzed while tracking changes to those code bases over a two-year period. This data provides a substantial set of samples for considering some questions about the nature of software. The report investigates relationships between codebase size, defect counts, defect density, function lengths, and code complexity metrics. This article highlights some of the results from the report. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/156 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 Coverity David Maxwell is Coverity's Open Source Strategist, and is tasked with the continuation and expansion of Coverity's DHS-sponsored open source scans. An open source security specialist, Maxwell has over 20 years of experience as an open source user and developer, and he is particularly active in the NetBSD community. He currently sits on the advisory board for the BSD Certification Group and the program committee for the annual BSDCan conference. He was also a NetBSD Security Officer from 2001-2005 and a contributor to the best-selling O'Reilly title "BSD Hacks." Maxwell has previously worked as a lead kernel developer for Nokia, and architected the Internet Service offering for Fundy Cable in New Brunswick. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Creating Disruptive Value For Not-For-Profit Organizations Using Open Source %A Fred Dixon %A Jill Woodley %X Much of the currently available off-the-shelf software offers too many features and does not meet the unique usability needs of non-technical or disabled users using old hardware. When leveraging open source components to rapidly build products for not-for-profit organizations, the speed of development doesn't reduce the need to make the product accessible by the users. This article shares the experiences of a unique community/university partnership to bring accessible technology to the non-profit community in the National Capital Region. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/214 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Blindside Networks Fred Dixon is CEO of Blindside Networks, a company that offers commercial support for BigBlueButton, an open source web conferencing systems for Universities and Colleges. For more information, see http://bigbluebutton.org/. %2 Volunteer Ottawa Jill Woodley is the Manager of Communications at Volunteer Ottawa. For more information, see http://www.volunteerottawa.ca/. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The CUE Factor: Community-University Engagement for Social Innovation %A Edward Jackson %X The Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada informs us that our universities produce one-third of the roughly $10 billion in research and development generated in Canada. Our post-secondary institutions house some of Canada's most talented inventors and analysts as well as some of the best laboratories and think-tanks. The full value of this innovation is achieved when a university is able to successfully engage with the local geographic community in which it is based, including specific communities of interest that reside in the locality. Such meaningful and continuous community-university engagement (CUE) at the local level is a crucial pre-condition before a university can successfully execute partnerships with open source communities, which by their nature are dispersed across the globe, to create social value. By effectively engaging both the local and open source communities, Canadian universities can play a pivotal role in social innovation that addresses challenges in our own country as well as overseas. Accordingly, universities across Canada should increase their CUE factors by deepening and broadening their teaching, research and volunteering activities with the external constituencies that have the greatest need for sustainable solutions to the challenges they face every day. If social innovations are to make a real difference, Canadian universities must step forward in a major way. This article sets out a dynamic model for CUE and provides examples of creative local initiatives. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/189 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Edward Jackson is Associate Dean (Research and Graduate Affairs) in the Faculty of Public Affairs at Carleton University in Ottawa, where he teaches public policy and international affairs. He chairs Carleton's Initiative for Community-University Engagement, and is a member of the Carleton Social Innovation Advisory Committee. He is also a member of the steering committees of the Causeway Initiative on Social Finance, the Canadian Alliance for Community-Service Learning and the Pan-Canadian Coalition for Community-Based Research. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Data Access in Canada: CivicAccess.ca %A Tracey P. Lauriault %A Hugh McGuire %X There is a global movement to liberate government-"owned" data sets, such as census data, environmental data, and data generated by government-funded research projects. This open data movement aims to make these datasets available, at no cost, to citizens, citizen groups, non-governmental-organizations (NGOs) and businesses. The arguments are many: such data spurs economic activity, helps citizens make better decisions, and helps us understand better who we are and where we are going as a country. Further, these data were collected using tax dollars, yet the government holds a monopoly which makes data available only to those able to pay the high access fees, while some data is not made available at all. The open data movement is lagging in Canada as demonstrated by exorbitant fees for such basics as the data set of postal codes correlated to electoral districts. This data could be used for any number of civic engagement projects, but it costs thousands of dollars due to Statistics Canada's policies of cost recovery. This article aims to bring these issues to a wider public. The long-term vision is a country in which citizens, specialists, professionals, academics, community groups and even businesses can work together, developing innovative information access and visualization tools, better decision-making models, and more tools responsive to the needs of the citizens. Liberating data will spur grassroots research on important social, economic, political and technical areas, currently hampered by lack of access to and high cost of civic data. Further, we want to link the debate about data to questions of government transparency and accountability, which pivot on access to accurate, reliable, and timely data. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/120 %N February 2008 %9 Articles %1 datalibre.ca Tracey P. Lauriault is a geographer. She is a member of the Senior Advisory Committee for an On-line Health Data and Community Mapping Portal, the Geographic and Numerical Information System (GANIS), and a research associate with Acacia Consulting and Research. Her research includes access and preservation to scientific data, olfactory cartography, transdisciplinary research, community mapping, homelessness, the application of geomatics technologies, cybercartography and infrastructures. She co-edits datalibre.ca, a blog about public access to government data in Canada. %2 datalibre.ca Hugh McGuire is a Montreal-based writer, web developer and free data activist. He is the founder of LibriVox.org, a volunteer Internet project with the objective of making free audio versions of all books in the public domain, now the most prolific audio book maker in the world. He co-edits datalibre.ca, a blog about public access to government data in Canada. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Developing an Open Source Reference Implementation of the Canadian Electronic Health Records Solution %A Mark Yendt %A Duane Bender %A Brian Minaji %X Developing a reference implementation of the Canada Health Infoway pan-Canadian Electronic Health Record Solution standard can be a useful step in ensuring the successful and cost-effective development of full scale electronic health systems in the Provincial Ministries of Health across Canada. These jurisdictions could benefit from the knowledge gained and the artifacts created in this prototype environment. The reference implementation utilizes an Enterprise Service Bus architecture and a Service Oriented Architecture design approach to build a Health Information Access Layer, as recommended by Canada Health Infoway. The system components and supporting technology developed will be released as open source. This set of technology could represent a starting point for prototyping an implementation in a production environment, for creating a standards development platform, for standards conformance testing, and/or as a test bed for evaluating alternative software components in a HIAL environment. Mohawk Applied Research Centre for Health Informatics at Mohawk College in Hamilton, Ontario, along with public and private sector partners, is continuing to build a reference implementation of the pan-Canadian Infoway standard that demonstrates the ESB/SOA approach. This article summarizes the project to date and suggested future research areas that will reduce the cost, risk and time barriers to widespread adoption of eHealth systems in Canada. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/204 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 Mohawk College Mark Yendt is a fulltime Faculty member in the Software Engineering Technology Department at Mohawk College. He graduated from the Chemical Engineering Technology Program at Mohawk College in 1983. Mark worked in the wastewater engineering industry with a focus on the development of process modeling software. In 1994, Mark was a co-recipient of the Harrison Prescott Eddy Medal for Noteworthy Research awarded by the Water Environment Federation. His current research activities include software process visualization and optimization of systems using the HL7v3 standard. %2 Mohawk College Duane Bender is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) in Ontario and a fulltime Faculty member in the Software Engineering Technology Department at Mohawk College. He graduated from the Computer Engineering and Management program at McMaster University in 1996 and is currently enrolled in the McMaster MBA program. Duane is the founding faculty member of the MARC HI, and performs Applied Research in the area of eHealth. His current research interests include building large scale eHealth systems using ESB and SOA architectures and the IHE, CDA, DICOM and HL7v3 standards. %3 Mohawk College Brian Minaji graduated from Computer System Technology at Mohawk College in 1986. He worked as an IT professional in a number of different industries for the next 15 years. In 2001, he joined the faculty of Software Engineering Technology at Mohawk College. He has been involved with the MARC HI project since its inception. His research interests include helping build the Canadian EHRS Reference Implementation. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Driving Innovation Through Interoperability %A John Weigelt %X Today's difficult economic environment provides a time of change where information technology matters more than ever. As business and service delivery leaders look to become even more effective and efficient in meeting their client's expectations, they are increasingly looking to electronic channels as an integral element of their business strategies. Regrettably, the ever increasing pace of technological change often disconnects the technology from the business requirements. This disconnection hides technology innovations from the business and has a broader impact of preventing business innovation. This article discusses the role service oriented architecture and interoperability can play in keeping an organization innovative and competitive. We also discuss Microsoft's interoperability principles, its commitment to its open source community, and the benefits of embracing openness as part of an organization's business strategy. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/215 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Microsoft John Weigelt is the National Technology Officer for Microsoft Canada and is responsible for driving Microsoft Canada's strategic policy and technology efforts. Mr. Weigelt is the lead public advocate within the company on key issues such as the development of national technology policy and the use of technology by government, healthcare and education. Prior to joining Microsoft, John held the position of Senior Director of Architecture, Standards and Engineering at the Chief Information Officer Branch of the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. John holds a Master's Degree in computer and communications security from the Royal Military College of Canada and is a certified information systems security professional and a certified information security manager. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Accessibility (July 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X Much has changed since the term "open source" was coined ten years ago. The idea of sharing code, once relegated to research institutions and hobbyists, is starting to reach ubiquity in the consciousness of both government and business. More recently, this concept has extended beyond software. Everything from hardware to data to knowledge is becoming "open". Despite this trend towards openness--or perhaps due to the stark contrast openness provides--accessibility remains a difficult obstacle to overcome. The issues surrounding accessibility take many forms. In the first article, Pierre-Paul Lemyre from the University of Montreal reminds us that everything old is new again. While the difficulties surrounding the open source licensing of software are still being resolved, those same difficulties are now being experienced when providing open access to data and knowledge. He proposes a global licensing repository as a solution towards providing access while complying with licensing terms. Marco Zehe from the Gnome Accessibility Project concentrates on ensuring that the features found in software applications are accessible to all, including those with disabilities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/164 %N July 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Building Community (October 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %A Michael Weiss %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/191 %N October 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, services, business process models, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities and licensing of open services. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Communications (April 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X Two reports issued this week provide very different numbers regarding the adoption of open source. IDC proclaims that "the economic slowdown in the United States may actually boost demand for open source services. If organizations adopt more open source software as part of a strategy to reduce software costs, the demand for related services should increase". The US-based survey reports that "almost 60% of the survey respondents said their company's spending on open source increased in 2007". This is in stark contrast to Statistics Canada's findings that "17% of private sector firms reported using open source software" and "3% of private firms and 13% of public organizations reported customizing open source software". %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/134 %N April 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Education (August 2008) %A Kevin Goheen %A Dru Lavigne %X The August issue of the OSBR is focused on "education". The relationship between open source software (OSS) and education is extremely broad and also very important. One could argue that OSS creation and adoption has been driven by faculty and research leaders, with eventual buy-in from the commercial sphere. This should not be a surprise; university research labs are populated with individuals possessing an abundance of creativity, a need to work with platforms for innovation, and a shortage of funding. My own lab's experience with clever graduate students and finite funding sources forced us to collaborate with the National Research Council of Canada on open source helicopters. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/172 %N August 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Carleton University Kevin Goheen is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, teaching in the areas of control and dynamic systems. He also is Director of Scientific Research and Experimental Development Tax Credits with McLarty and Co LLP, a leading accounting firm in Ottawa. %2 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Enabling Innovation (December 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %A Steven Muegge %X This issue of the OSBR provides many examples of using open source principles to enable innovation. These innovations go beyond code creation and address the diverse issues of: declining computer science enrollment, a lack of affordable publishing tools for online exhibitions, the rising costs of text books, the need for process automation in developing countries, easy-to-use and accessible solutions for the not-for-profit sector, adding open source to a proprietary Fortune 500 company's business strategy, and reducing duplicated costs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/209 %N December 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Muegge teaches within the Technology Innovation Management program. His current research interests include open source software, open innovation, and open source ecosystems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Enterprise Readiness (May 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X In January 2008, Gartner released their "Top Predictions for IT Organizations and Users, 2008 and Beyond". Their analysis around open source included the key finding that it "has become impractical for mainstream IT organizations to avoid or ignore the influence of open source across a wide variety of industry market segments. Doing so will put organizations at a serious disadvantage against competitors that are leveraging mature, stable and well-supported open-source technologies for significant return-oninvestment and total-cost-of-ownership opportunities." Does this mean that the enterprise is finally ready for open source? As Bernard Golden points out in the first article, it is impossible to answer that question when it is framed that way--there are just too many open source projects, each possessing varying degrees of maturity and usability. Bernard further posits a key point that enterprises themselves vary from early adopters to pragmatists. Fortunately, resources are available for gauging the applicability of a specific open source product to meet the needs of a particular organization. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/144 %N May 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Health and Life Sciences (November 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %A Brian Barry %A Peter Tanner %X The length of Wikipedia's list of open source healthcare software may come as a surprise to many readers. This issue of the OSBR provides an excellent introduction to the complexities and interoperability issues associated with healthcare software and the role open source can play in helping to resolve these issues. This month's authors also provide insight into an open source projects that follows open standards, lessons learned from providing a reference implementation, the benefits of a healthcare ecosystem, and the value of open source projects working closely with standards organizations. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/202 %N November 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Open Health Tools Brian Barry is CEO of Bedarra Research Labs and CTO of Open Health Tools. From 1991-2002 he served variously as Chief Scientist, CEO, President and CTO at Object Technology International, Inc. Under his leadership, OTI developed the Eclipse Platform and the IBM VisualAge family of products. Dr. Barry has published a number of research papers and articles on a wide variety of technical subjects. He has served on the Program Committees for software conferences such as OOPSLA, ECOOP, AOSD and Agile Development, was a co-author of the ANSI Smalltalk standard, and actively participates on research review boards and committees. %3 Open Health Tools Peter Tanner divides his time between being a Retiree-on-Call at IBM Canada, and handling the intellectual property policies and strategies for Open Health Tools. As Director of Business Development at Object Technology International, Mr. Tanner was directly involved with the legal and business issues during the founding of Eclipse. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Interoperability (January 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X In December, the Open Solutions Alliance published CEO Predictions 2008 which contains the responses received from their 2007 Customer Forum Series. A key finding was that the interoperability of open source with other open source and proprietary solutions was a primary concern. Several of the CEOs polled included interoperability in their answer to the question "what is the biggest challenge for the open source software industry in 2008?". %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/111 %N January 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Open Data (February 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X On February 8, as the Open Source Definition and the Open Source Initiative entered their second decade, Bruce Perens published his reflections in State of Open Source Message: A New Decade for Open Source. He states his intent was to provide "another way of talking about Free Software, tailored to the ears of business people". Seeing that Gartner is predicting that "by 2011 at least 80% of commercial software will contain significant amounts of open source code", it would appear that the open source message has succeeded in reaching the ears of business people. While awareness of open source code has reached a certain level of maturity, the innovation possibilities extend beyond the code itself. As you'll see in this issue of the OSBR, awareness of open "data" is still in its infancy, resulting in many untapped opportunities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/119 %N February 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Procurement (March 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X Earlier this month, the European Commission issued a press release stating that it "will take a more pro-active approach to its own use of open source" and that "for all new development, where deployment and usage is foreseen by parties outside of the Commission Infrastructure, open source software will be the preferred development and deployment platform." While this is a strong stance regarding the use of open source, the European Commission still considers itself to be "an early adopter of open source". Canada has yet to issue such a clear cut procurement policy towards open source. It has been five years since e-cology corporation made its recommendations in its fact finding study funded by the Canadian Federal Government. The current official position is that "departments and agencies base their decisions to acquire, develop and use software (including open source software) on their business needs and the principles set out in the government's Federated Architecture Program." The Canadian Federal Government's position is wide open to interpretration and often leaves open source contractors to struggle against departments who are ignorant of and perhaps hostile to open source, and a bidding process that uses terminology which assumes a proprietary business model. Citizens are also affected, as can be seen in the example of Statistics Canada requiring the use of a particular proprietary operating system and software application in order to complete a mandatory Canadian Automated Export Declaration form. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/126 %N March 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Security (June 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %X If you google the phrase "open source security", you'll find plenty of articles which debunk the "myth" of open source security, fuel the debate of Linus' law vs. security through obscurity, or argue which type of software, proprietary or open source, is more secure. Yet, the question "which type of software is more secure?" is impossible to answer. Software security is highly dependent upon many variables: the programming language used, the practices implemented by the individual programmers, the processes imposed by the specific organization overseeing the programmers, and the configuration of the software by a particular end-user. This issue of the OSBR examines several facets of open source security. Jake Kouns from the Open Security Foundation introduces an open source project which manages a global collection of vulnerabilities, available for free use by the information security community. David Maxwell from the Coverity Scan project discusses their report on code defect trends from an analysis of several hundred open source projects, representing 55 million lines of code, through 14,000 build sessions over a two year period. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/154 %N June 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Editorial: Social Innovation (September 2008) %A Dru Lavigne %A Tony Bailetti %X If the overwhelming response we received to this month's call for submissions is any indication, those engaged in open source are also passionate about social innovation. We could have easily published a 100 page issue, but opted instead to save some submissions for upcoming issues as they are also suited to the themes of Building Community and Enabling Innovation. Tony Bailetti of the Talent First Network is one of the driving forces behind the OSBR. He is guest editor this month and I think you'll agree that he has done an excellent job of finding authors from industry, academia, and non-profits who are on the frontlines of social innovation in Canada. This issue is jam-packed with resources and examples of initiatives--enough to leave you thinking "I had no idea so much was happening in Canada". They aren't meant to be exhaustive, but the insights and lessons learned can be applied to similar initiatives across the globe. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/181 %N September 2008 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is the author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %2 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Ontario's Talent First Network, the Director of the Technology Innovation Management program offered by Carleton University, and the host of the TIM Lecture Series. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The Emerging Role of Open Source in Healthcare %A Brian Barry %X Healthcare has been characterized as a multi-trillion dollar cottage industry. It is highly fragmented, labour intensive, barely connected, extremely competitive, and has many different vendors and proprietary solutions. The rising cost of healthcare is straining budgets at all levels of government and imposing financial burdens on corporations and individuals alike. Against this backdrop, legitimate concerns about privacy have led to a plethora of regulations requiring complex administrative, physical and technical infrastructure to safeguard sensitive health information. Governments are attempting to impose standards and specifications from the top down to improve efficiency in healthcare delivery. These standards are broad, complex and, for the most part, lack implementations. In short, things are in a bit of a mess. A consensus is emerging around two initiatives that promise to improve the current situation. The first is to foster widespread adoption of Electronic Health Records. The second is to improve accessibility and interoperability between EHR systems. In this article, we present Open Health Tools, an open source ecosystem where members of the health and information technology professions can collaborate to build interoperable EHR systems. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/203 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open Health Tools Brian Barry is CEO of Bedarra Research Labs and CTO of Open Health Tools. From 1991-2002 he served variously as Chief Scientist, CEO, President and CTO at Object Technology International, Inc. Under his leadership, OTI developed the Eclipse Platform and the IBM VisualAge family of products. Dr. Barry has published a number of research papers and articles on a wide variety of technical subjects. He has served on the Program Committees for software conferences such as OOPSLA, ECOOP, AOSD and Agile Development, was a co-author of the ANSI Smalltalk standard, and actively participates on research review boards and committees. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Experiments, Expertise and Google Summer of Code (TM) %A Leslie Hawthorn %X Computer Science seems to no longer hold sway as the career of choice among North American undergraduates. A variety of reasons for the steady decline of enrollment - down 60% in the United States since 1999 - have been explored. These include economic factors such as concerns about job security and the accompanying increase in off-shoring of information technology roles. Further, studies have noted that Computer Science as a whole simply doesn't look like much fun to today's incoming student populations. There's a general perception that Computer Science means spending one's day chained to a keyboard and monitor, scraping by as a "code monkey". In particular, students cite a lack of a social element as a major deterrent to pursuing a career in Computer Science. In this article, we examine the Google Summer of Code program, the world's first global initiative to introduce College and University students to free/libre open source software development. Over the past four years, the program has provided a model that allows College and University students to more deeply engage with the joys of computing. The experience of our participants stands in sharp contrast to the generalizations mentioned in the previous paragraph. We will discuss the origins and evolutions of the program, as well as its structure. We will also discuss how students benefit by participating in GSoC, focusing on some select success stories. Finally, we discuss how Google views this investment in the F/LOSS community and its potential to improve the overall progression of Computer Science as a discipline. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/210 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Google Leslie Hawthorn is a Program Manager for Google's Open Source Programs Office, where she's the Community Manager for the Google Summer of Code community. She recently conceived, launched and managed the Google Highly Open Participation Contest, the world's first global initiative to get pre-university students involved in all aspects of open source software development. When not facilitating open source conferences and hackathons at Google's Corporate Headquarters in Mountain View, California, she's usually speaking about open source, F/LOSS in education, and community building or writing for the Google Open Source Blog. Leslie holds a Honors B.A. in English Language and Literature from U.C. Berkeley. Her personal website is http://www.hawthornlandings.org. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T A Flat Network for the Unflat World: Open Educational Resources in Developing Countries %A Steven Muegge %A Monica Mora %A Kamal Hassin %A Andrew Pullin %X Open educational resources (OER) apply the principles of openness - particularly the freedoms of use, modification and redistribution - to digital materials for teaching, learning, and research. OER can potentially touch all areas of education, from elementary schools to higher education to professional development all over the world, but we are particularly excited about the potential to expand access to education in developing countries. That is the focus of our research and the topic of this article. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/174 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Muegge teaches within the Technology Innovation Management program. His current research interests include open source software, open innovation, and open source ecosystems, and the application of management theory to solving practical problems. %2 CIDETYS Monica Mora received a Master's degree in Technology and Innovation Management from Carleton University. She has worked for the Technological University of Panama in different positions, including assistant professor and assistant of the President of this university. She is currently part of the technical committee of CIDETYS which was created to advise the Board of Directors and plan the first activities of the programme. %3 Carleton University Kamal Hassin received a B.Eng. in electrical engineering from Carleton University in 2004. He is currently a Master's student in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include software intellectual property management, intellectual property law, open source licensing, and open educational resources. %4 Carleton University Andrew Pullin received a B.Sc. in Combined Honours Chemistry and Computer Science from Carleton University in 2006. He is currently a Master's student in the Technology and Innovation Management within the Faculty of Engineering at Carleton University. His research interests include open source project ecosystems, open source licensing and open educational resources. He currently acts as Associate Director for Shad Valley Carleton and serves on the Board of Advisors to Virtual Ventures. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Free and Open Source Licenses in Community Life %A Stefano De Paoli %A Maurizio Teli %A Vincenzo D'Andrea %X The objective of this article is to examine how software licenses in build and shape political and technological boundaries. We examine the cases of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System( GRASS) geographical information system and the OpenSolaris operating system. The first project is GPL licensed software developed by a worldwide community of voluntary programmers; the second project is sponsored by a company and released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) license. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/193 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 National University of Ireland Maynooth Stefano De Paoli is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the National University of Ireland Maynooth in Ireland. His research interests include computer security, legal protection of intellectual creations, and information technology and division of labor. %2 University of Trento Maurizio Teli, PhD in Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento (Italy), has a background in Political Science. He is involved in and researches about the importance of FLOSS "practices of freedom" in the processes of organizing a community and producing technology. %3 University of Trento Vincenzo D'Andrea is an Associate Professor at the University of Trento. His research interests include service-oriented computing, free and open source licensing, and virtual communities. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Free and Open Source Software: Overview and Preliminary Guidelines for the Government of Canada %A Robert Charpentier %X After a slow beginning in the late 1990s, Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) has been constantly growing in importance and expanding in many software architectures all over the world. This impressive growth has been supported by the numerous successes, the high-quality reputation of F/LOSS-based systems and, of course, by the expectation of cost savings. In 2003, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) initiated a special study to determine the role of F/LOSS in our information system architectures. This study was later expanded to the whole Government of Canada (GoC). This article summarizes some key findings based on the original DRDC report published in 2004. It includes a general introduction to F/LOSS followed by some guidelines in assessing the usefulness of F/LOSS in GoC project contexts. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/127 %N March 2008 %9 Articles %1 Defence Research Establishment Robert Charpentier completed his degree in engineering physics at l'Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal in 1979. After working at CAE Electronics on flight simulators, he joined Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, where he specialized in infrared imagery and space-based surveillance. His current research domain is software security design and attack resistance of information systems operated in hostile environment. He has been deeply involved in F/LOSS studies since 2003. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T How is Copyright Relevant to Source Data and Source Code? %A Joseph Potvin %X One of the essentials of a healthy and democratic economy is that the rules of engagement should be understandable to people whose interests are affected by them. There are two aspects of copyright law to which all software and database professionals ought to be familiar, but usually are not. First, they should know that factual data listed in an obvious structure is not covered by copyright law, no matter how much work went into collecting it. Second, they should know that under the Canadian Copyright Act, programming code is considered to be a "literary work". This article outlines how copyright is related to source data and source code, and why this is important to both technical and business professionals in the field. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/121 %N February 2008 %9 Articles %1 GOSLING Joseph Potvin is an economist who has worked in public, private, academic and community organizations in several countries, with degrees from McGill (Canada) and Cambridge (UK). %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T How Universities Can Enable Social Innovation %A Kim Matheson %X This article describes key conditions that enable a successful university agenda for social innovation. Integral to this success is an overarching institutional commitment to the value of social innovation so that it pervades the university's activities, ranging from the active encouragement of collaboration across the disciplines to policies regarding intellectual property. It is suggested that it is important that social innovation activities transcend disciplinary boundaries and social sectors. Finally, facilitating open access to information and resources may be foundational to achieving relevant and sustainable solutions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/188 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Kim Matheson is Carleton University's current Vice-President (Research and International). She joined the Department of Psychology at Carleton University as a SSHRC Canada Research Fellow, and was promoted to Full Professor in 2003. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo and is a Carleton alumna (B.A. Hons/82, M.A./83). As Chair of the Department of Psychology from 1997 until 2003, she presided over the largest academic unit at the University. She is currently a member of the Boards for the Sudbury Nutrino Observatory Institute, the High Performance Computing Virtual Laboratories, and the Internet Security and Safety Network. She is on the Advisory Board to the Social Interactions, Identity, and Well-being Panel of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Hybrid Software Boosts High Performance Computing Productivity %A David Rich %X Users of high performance computing have long enjoyed the availability of both commercial and open source software (OSS). But they typically resided in separate worlds. Open source was favored by the academic and government research communities while commercial independent software vendors served the HPC needs of specific industries, such as aerospace or energy. This article examines how the wall between these two software worlds is crumbling as industry increasingly adopts more open source tools. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/176 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 Interactive Supercomputing David Rich is Vice President of Marketing at Interactive Supercomputing Inc. He has more than 23 years of HPC and networking experience in both large and entrepreneurial high tech companies. At AMD, he directed the company's entry into the HPC cluster market and secured large wins such as the Red Storm system at Sandia National Laboratories and the Dawning 4000A at the Shanghai Supercomputer Center. While at AMD, he served as president of the HyperTransport Consortium, a standards organization for high-speed interconnect technology. David's earlier experience includes being the founding manager of the TotalView product line, which has become the de facto standard for parallel and distributed debugging. He served as vice president of Fujitsu System Technologies, which developed high-speed networking technology that was a pre-cursor to InfiniBand. His parallel processing experience started at BBN Technologies where he worked on the Butterfly series of computers. David received a bachelor's degree in computer science from Brown University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Implementing Open Data: The Open Data Commons Project %A Jordan Hatcher %X Free and libre/open source software (F/LOSS) movements have spawned similar solutions in many other contexts, each at differing stages of development. As F/LOSS enters the routine and familiarity of middle age, the open content movement--open source for non-software copyright and best embodied by the work of Creative Commons--has just graduated university and is getting a feel for the world. Even younger is the open data movement, whose legal tools have just started to come online. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/122 %N February 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open Data Commons Jordan Hatcher helps people understand intellectual property and Internet law, especially issues surrounding open licensing solutions such as Creative Commons and open data. He has a JD in law from the University of Texas, and a LLM in IP and IT law from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. He is also the author, together with Dr. Charlotte Waelde, of the Open Data Commons set of legal tools. You can find out more about him at opencontenlawyer.com. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Key Elements of Social Innovation %A Allyson Hewitt %X This article describes four key elements of social innovation: i) social technology; ii) innovation intermediaries; iii) people who drive innovation; and iv) openness. By taking experiences from social technology and examining the impact of "open everything", this article posits the value of innovation intermediaries as critical enablers of success in the emergent field of social innovation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/185 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 MaRS Allyson Hewitt is Director, Social Entrepreneurship at MaRS. She established the social innovation program that includes Social Innovation Generation (SiG@MaRS). This program provides social innovators and entrepreneurs access to resources to turn their ideas into positive outcomes for society. Allyson was the Executive Director of Safe Kids Canada and an advocate in preventing injuries to children. Prior to that, Allyson was the Executive Director of Community Information Toronto, an agency that matches people with services. In this capacity, she helped lead the development of 211, providing three-digit and online access to social service, community and government information. For this work she was awarded the HRDC-sponsored Head of the Public Service Award and several other awards for meritorious public service. She has a BA in Criminology and Law, a diploma in Public Affairs and certification in Voluntary Sector Management and Leading Change. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Ladder of Participation: Business Models for Peer Production %A Michel Bauwens %X Open source software is just one part of a much wider social and economic ecosystem that is evolving around increased participation of what-used-to-be consumers. New roles are emerging, including "produsers", with an intentional 's', to refer to the amalgamation of being both a user and a producer, and "end-makers", another intentional concept to be contrasted with end-users. In this new ecosystem, produsers and end-makers either partially, but sometimes fully, produce value, aided or unaided by institutions and companies. This creates new dynamics that need to be understood. One way of increasing our understanding is to look at the inter-locking dynamics of both businesses and the participant-communities, for which the following article constructs a model of Interaction. Each distinct type of relationship generates different dynamics and associated business models. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/113 %N January 2008 %9 Articles %1 P2P Foundation Michel Bauwens was a serial Internet entrepreneur in his home country of Belgium, as well as eBusiness Strategy Manager for the country's largest telco Belgacom. In 2005, he moved to Chiang Mai, Thailand and created the P2P Foundation, lecturing worldwide about the implications of this social/economic re-organization of our life. Michel has created a workshop format to introduce business and policy audiences to the logic of peer production and its implications for business strategies and policy making. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Language Insecurity %A Frederic Michaud %A Frederic Painchaud %X Developing reliable and secure software has become a challenging task, mainly because of the unmanageable complexity of the software systems we build today. Software flaws have many causes, but our observations show that they mostly come from two broad sources: i) design, such as a malicious or unintentional backdoor; and ii) implementation, such as a buffer overflow. To address these problems, our research group at Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Valcartier first worked on design issues. A prototype of a UML design verifier was built. Our approach was successful, but we faced two difficulties: i) specifying interesting security properties at the design level; and ii) scalability of the verification process. Building on this experience, we studied design patterns for the implementation of security mechanisms. The output was a security design pattern catalog, available from the authors, that can help software architects choose mature and proven designs instead of constantly trying to reinvent the wheel. This paper addresses the implementation issues from our evaluation of currently available automatic source code verifiers that search for program sanity and security bugs. From this evaluation, it becomes clear that the choice of programming language to use when starting an open source project can have many important consequences on security, maintainability, reliability, speed of development, and collaboration. As a corollary, software quality is largely dependent on the adequacy of the programming language with respect to the desired properties of the system developed. Therefore, the adoption of open source software (OSS) should consider the programming language that was used. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/158 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 Defence Research and Development Canada Frederic Michaud is a researcher specialized in software security including verification and validation, defensive programming, and robust architectures for information systems operated in hostile environments. %2 Defence Research and Development Canada Frederic Painchaud is a defence scientist at Defence Research and Development Canada, Valcartier. His research interests are language semantics, formal methods, program analysis, and IT security. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Making Open Source Ready for the Enterprise: The Open Source Maturity Model %A Bernard Golden %X One of the questions always asked about open source is whether it's ready for the enterprise. But framing the question in that fashion blurs the issue. With over 100,000 open source products available for download at the click of a mouse, there is no blanket answer comprehensive enough to describe the entire universe of open source products. The real question facing an enterprise is whether, based upon its unique requirements, a specific open source product will satisfy its needs. Far from being a vaguely existential question, this question is extremely pragmatic, completely localized, and, as we shall see, wholly capable of being answered. This article, extracted from chapter four of "Succeeding with Open Source" presents the Open Source Maturity Model (OSMM). The OSMM is designed to enable organizations to evaluate open source products and understand whether a product can fulfill the organization's requirements. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/145 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Navica Bernard Golden is CEO of Navica, a Silicon Valley system integrator specializing in open source solutions. He previously served as a venture partner for an international venture fund and has been vice president and general manager in a number of private and public software companies, including Informix, Uniplex Software, and Deploy Solutions. He is a frequent speaker on information technology topics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Method for Qualification and Selection of Open Source Software %A Raphaël Semeteys %X For a company, the choice to opt for software as a component of its information system, whether this software is open source or commercial, rests on the analysis of needs and constraints and on the adequacy of the software to address these needs and constraints. However, when one plans to study the adequacy of open source software (OSS), it is necessary to have a method of qualification and selection adapted to the characteristics of this type of software and to precisely examine the constraints and risks specific to OSS. Since the open source field has a very broad scope, it is also necessary to use a qualification method that differentiates between numerous candidates to meet technical, functional and strategic requirements. This document describes the QSOS (Qualification and Selection of software Open Source) method, conceived by the technology services company Atos Origin SA to qualify, select and compare OSS in an objective, traceable and argued way. The method can be integrated within a more general process of technological watch which is not presented here. It describes a process to set up identity cards and evaluation sheets for OSS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/146 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Atos Origin Raphaël Semeteys is in charge of consulting activities for Atos Origin?s French Open Source Skill Center. He produces and manages feasibility studies and technological watch reports on open source and free software. He created the QSOS method and is leader of the associated free project of community technological watch which documents, equips and organizes the collaborative evaluation work. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Mirth: Standards-Based Open Source Healthcare Interface Engine %A Jacob Brauer %X The Mirth Project is an open source healthcare interface engine and interface repository created and professionally supported by WebReach. Mirth provides standards-based tools to develop, test, and deploy interoperability solutions for healthcare information systems and information exchanges. This article provides an overview of healthcare interface engines. It discusses Mirth and the healthcare and connectivity standards it supports. Lastly, the article compares Mirth to other interface engines. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/205 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 WebReach Jacob Brauer graduated cum laude from the University of California, Irvine in 2006 with a degree in Computer Science. He has been working for WebReach for 2.5 years, during which time he has been one of the lead engineers on the Mirth Project. Jacob has also contributed to other open source healthcare projects and initiatives, such as OpenMRS, an open source electronic medical record system framework designed for the developing world. He has partaken in many open source and healthcare conferences, including the Southern California Linux Expo Open Source Health Care Summit, Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Health Informatics Southern Africa, Open Source Health Care Alliance, and the HL7 Working Group Meeting. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The Need for F/LOSS (Governance) Operations %A Andrew Back %X The case for the effective operation of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) in the enterprise has never been stronger. Yet in some quarters, the chasm between senior management's perception of the penetration of F/LOSS within their organization, and the reality, has never been wider. And when you consider that Gartner predicts that "by 2012 more than 90% of enterprises will use open source in direct or embedded form", this suggests that the development of an effective F/LOSS policy will become increasingly necessary for business operations. Many enterprises, for now, are sourcing the majority of their F/LOSS solutions via a vendor. This does not remove the need for governance. Even with commercial arrangements in place, it is crucial that business have an understanding of F/LOSS communities: what drives them, how to interact with them, and what obligations they may have to them. The game has changed and innovation is no longer the reserve of software vendors with large development budgets. Software development is now enabled by open licenses that afford great freedoms and, in doing so, facilitate widespread collaboration. With this unprecedented pace of innovation, comes new obligations. We argue that the need for education around F/LOSS communities and licensing is clear. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/167 %N July 2008 %9 Articles %1 Osmosoft During his tenure at BT he has been responsible for driving strategy for the effective adoption of open source technology and principles across all lines of business, and the creation of BT Design's Open Source Focus Group. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, and a Chartered Member of the British Computer Society. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Omeka: Open Source Web Publishing for Research, Collections and Exhibitions %A Tom Scheinfeldt %X Well into the second decade of the web, many collecting institutions and aspiring digital humanists still find it difficult to mount online exhibitions and publish collections-based research because they lack either technical skills or sufficient funding to pay high priced web design vendors. The digital libraries and archives fields have produced high quality repository and collections management software, but these packages carry too much technical overhead and pay too little attention to web presentation and end user interface for most digital humanities projects. Commercial blog packages have made it easy for digital humanists to publish materials to the web, but the blog's structure of serial text posts does not allow them to present deep collections or complex narratives. That is why the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, in partnership with the Minnesota Historical Society, has created Omeka. From the Swahili word meaning "to display" or "to lay out for discussion," Omeka is a next generation web publishing platform for academic work of all kinds, one that bridges the university, library, and museum worlds through--and by helping to advance--a set of commonly recognized web and metadata standards. Omeka is free and open source. It offers low installation and maintenance costs--appealing to individual scholars and smaller cultural heritage projects and institutions that lack technical staffs and large budgets. It is standards based, extensible, and interoperable--insuring compliance with accessibility guidelines and integration with existing digital collections systems to help digital humanists of all stripes design online exhibitions more efficiently. Omeka brings Web 2.0 technologies and approaches to digital humanities websites, fostering the kind of user interaction and participation that are central to the mission of digital humanities, and providing the contribution mechanisms, tagging facilities, and social networking tools that audiences are coming to expect. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/211 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 George Mason University Tom Scheinfeldt is Managing Director of the Center for History and New Media and Research Assistant Professor of History in the Department of History and Art History at George Mason University. He is the executive producer of Omeka. He blogs at Found History and is a regular on Digital Campus, a biweekly podcast on educational technology and digital humanities research. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Carrier Grade Base Platform %A Vijay Mahendran %X This article introduces the SCOPE Alliance, a vertical alliance focused on accelerating the development of open standards for carrier grade base platforms, the base platforms satisfying the carrier grade requirements of the telecommunication industry. The focus of these network equipment providers is to build base platforms comprised of hardware, middleware, and an operating system using open modular building blocks to provide service solutions. Secondly, the article presents an adoption model along with the benefits, risks and factors affecting the adoption of open CGBPs by telecommunication companies. This adoption model is beneficial to top management teams and project managers who wish to improve the product development process. It also provides startups and independent software vendors a reference model to cost effectively deliver products and obtain maximum return. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/114 %N January 2008 %9 Articles %1 Nortel Vijay Mahendran is currently working as an embedded designer at Nortel. Vijay recently received his master's degree in Technology Innovation Management program from Carleton University. His research topic was the adoption of open carrier grade base platforms in the telecommunication industry. His interests include open source, network packet processing and embedded systems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Hardware Business Models %A Edy Ferreira %X In the September issue of the Open Source Business Resource, Patrick McNamara, president of the Open Hardware Foundation, gave a comprehensive introduction to the concept of open hardware, including some insights about the potential benefits for both companies and users. In this article, we present the topic from a different perspective, providing a classification of market offers from companies that are making money with open hardware. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/136 %N April 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Edy Ferreira is an Electronics Engineer who has worked in the Telecommunications industry. He is currently a graduate student in the M.A.S.c in Technology and Innovation Management at Carleton University and this article is based on preliminary results from his thesis about how companies make money with OSH. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Health Tools: Tooling for Interoperable Healthcare %A Skip McGaughey %A Ken Rubin %X The Open Health Tools initiative is creating an ecosystem focused on the production of software tooling that promotes the exchange of medical information across political, geographic, cultural, product, and technology lines. At its core, OHT believes that the availability of high-quality tooling that interoperates will propel the industry forward, enabling organizations and vendors to build products and systems that effectively work together. This will ?raise the interoperability bar? as a result of having tools that just work. To achieve these lofty goals, careful consideration must be made to the constituencies that will be most affected by an OHT-influenced world. This document outlines a vision of OHT?s impact to these stakeholders. It does not explain the OHT process itself or how the OHT community operates. Instead, we place emphasis on the impact of that process within the health industry. The catchphrase ?code is king? underpins this document, meaning that the manifestation of any open source community lies in the products and technology it produces. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/206 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open Health Tools Skip McGaughey is Executive Director of Open Health Tools. Open Heath Tools is a collaborative open source effort between national health agencies, major healthcare providers, researchers, academics, international standards bodies and companies from Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom and Europe. Its goal is to develop common healthcare IT products and services and provide software tools and components that accelerate the implementation of electronic health information interoperability. Skip was co-founder of Eclipse, a multi-language, multi-vendor open source platform for tool integration. There are over 800,000 organizations and four million developers using Eclipse. Eclipse pioneered the linkage between building open source software and enabling successful and profitable ecosystems to deliver technology to customers. %2 EDS Ken Rubin is a senior healthcare architect with a leading systems integrator. His focus is informatics and electronic health records interoperability. He has supported the [US] Veterans Health Administration and the [UK] National Programme for IT. Mr. Rubin chairs committees for the OMG, HL7, Open Health Tools, and the Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP), and has been involved in healthcare for over a decade. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Innovation 2.0 %A Michael Grove %X The objective of this article is to argue for a new model that guides the efforts of multiple stakeholders to solve a problem. The new model is referred to as Open Innovation 2.0 Its main benefit is to gain competitive advantage through effective spending combined with enterprise to enterprise collaboration instead of traditional cost reduction. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/216 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open IT Michael Grove is the CEO and Founder of CollabWorks. CollabWorks fosters enterprise to enterprise collaboration, thereby collapsing the processes required to solve a problem. He is an author and blogger on topics ranging from CollabsourcingTM to open innovation, open source, and IT 2.0. He was formerly the Founder and CEO of Open Country, a leader of remote systems management for Linux and Windows, where he developed global market penetration including India and China. Prior to Open Country, he founded and is still Chairman of Introplus, a community profile matching engine company. Prior to Introplus, he was the CEO and Chairman of the Board of MicroModule Systems, a Santa Clara company that grew from zero to $46M in revenue in its first five years. He has been an Executive Fellow at Santa Clara University, advising many young companies. His background includes merger and acquisitions activity as Managing Partner of the Pathway Group and Director of New Commercial Programs at Lockheed. He holds a Masters degree from UCLA and two Bachelor degrees from California Polytechnic University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source and Open Standards: Working Together for Effective Software Development and Distribution %A Jon Siegel %A Richard Mark Soley %X Many open source projects implement open standards. We interviewed five developers who implemented different open standards in open source projects to find out how much interplay there was between implementors and standards developers and how important this communication was as they programmed the details of the specifications. Our somewhat unexpected finding was that developers preferred to work from the printed specification, separate from the standards source. When asked for a reason, most reported that resource constraints prevented them from writing code and specifications at the same time; another factor was the satisfaction that comes from working independently. Most of the developers we spoke to were more than halfway through their development before they even considered reporting specification problems to the source organization. Although this speaks well for the overall quality of computer industry specifications, it also means that feedback from open source developers is not getting back to the specification's authors. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/207 %N November 2008 %9 Articles %1 OMG Dr. Jon Siegel is Vice President of Technology Transfer for the Object Management Group. He holds a doctoral degree in Theoretical Physical Chemistry from Boston University. %2 OMG Dr. Richard Mark Soley is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Object Management Group. Dr. Soley holds the bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in Computer Science and Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source e-Procurement Software %A Dave Stephens %X While every business needs to track the purchase of goods and services, many small and midsize businesses have been discouraged from using centralized software solutions due to high up-front licensing fees, expensive implementations, and the level of organizational training necessary to get the full value out of an enterprise-class procurement solution. This article provides an overview of the benefits provided by e-procurement solutions, then introduces the first open source e-procurement software and the business model for the company behind the open source project. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/129 %N March 2008 %9 Articles %1 Coupa Dave Stephens is CEO and co-founder of Coupa. Prior to co-founding Coupa, he was VP of Oracle Procurement Applications. A strong advocate of open source in the enterprise, Dave introduced Oracle's first Apache and JServ-based application in 1998 and delivered Oracle's first multi-tenant SaaS in 2000. Dave holds a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from UC Berkeley. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source in Canada's Public Sector %A Glenn McKnight %A Evan Leibovitch %X The story of the growth of open source use in Canada has been far more a matter of evolution than revolution, so quiet in its pace that its progress has been difficult to measure. This has posed many challenges to Canadian open source advocates in their efforts to ensure that their country does not lag behind the rest of the world in understanding the social and business benefits open source provides. Perhaps some of the leading soldiers in the trenches might be our civil servants who protect the public purse. In addition to managing and minimizing the costs of delivering necessary services, public sector projects should also advance the social good through the delicate balance of transparency and efficiency. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/130 %N March 2008 %9 Articles %1 Global Catalysts Glenn McKnight has worked extensively with Canadian and international private and public sector organizations to promote cost effective IT and non-IT projects. His work included Baygen Radio of South Africa, environmental technologies in China, and IT strategies in India. His certification experience includes developing apprenticeship programs, operating IT schools, and promoting the Linux Professional Institute as an international standard. %2 Xunil Corporation Evan Leibovitch is Senior Analyst of Xunil Corporation of Toronto. He is a founding director of the Canadian Association for Open Source and co-founder of the Linux Professional Institute. Evan is currently involved in projects involving open standards, innovative web services, and eliminating obstacles to use of open source. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source Interoperability: It's More than Technology %A Dominic Sartorio %X The Open Solutions Alliance is a consortium of leading commercial open source vendors, integrators and end users dedicated to the growth of open source based solutions in the enterprise. We believe Linux and other infrastructure software, such as Apache, has become mainstream, and packaged solutions represent the next great growth opportunity. However some unique challenges can temper that opportunity. These challenges include getting the word out about the maturity and enterprise-readiness of those solutions, ensuring interoperability both with each other and with other proprietary and legacy solutions, and ensuring healthy collaboration between vendors and their respective customer and developer communities. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/112 %N January 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open Solutions Alliance Dominic Sartorio is president of the Open Solutions Alliance, and is employed as Senior Director of Product Management at SpikeSource, Inc. Dominic has over 15 years of experience in enterprise software including open source, in roles ranging from engineering to technical sales to product management. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Is Open Source Right for your Library? %A Carl Grant %X We all know that feeling in our gut, that moment when it?s time to sign the order for a new software program for your library. It's accompanied by a host of nagging questions: "Is it the right decision?" "Have we overlooked anything?" "Will this work?" "Have we considered all our options?" The decision to acquire or upgrade a library automation package is never an easy one and every director, when faced with this decision, wants to choose the best package at the best value that most fully meets the needs of users. Today, that decision is complicated by a new option, that of open source. This article will examine when and why open source software (OSS) might be appropriate for your library. It also discusses why so many libraries are moving towards OSS and some of the disadvantages that you should be aware of should you decide to move in that direction. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/177 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 CARE Affiliates Carl Grant is a librarian who has worked in libraries, or companies automating libraries, for many years. Recently he founded CARE Affiliates, a company specializing in open source solutions for libraries. Mr. Grant has a demonstrated commitment to libraries, librarianship, and industry standards having served on the Board of the National Information Standards library (NISO) as a Board Member, Treasurer, and Chair. He is also a member of ALA, LITA, ACRL and ERT. Library Journal has previously recognized him as an ?Industry Notable?. Mr. Grant holds a Master's in Information and Library Science from the University of Missouri at Columbia. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source, Social Innovation and a New Economy of Engagement %A Stephen Huddart %X Open source technologies and social innovation have emerged at a time when it is critical to adopt inclusive, creative, multi-disciplinary approaches to solving complex social and environmental problems. This article examines the relationship between open source, social innovation and engagement. It reviews four areas where their interplay has afforded organizations working in the (mainly Canadian) social sector with new tools and approaches to managing change. These tools include: i) collaboration and learning platforms; ii) social networking programs; iii) resource allocation websites; and iv) advocacy tools. An examination of two organizations leading social change in Canada suggests that to address society's larger problems, social innovators must also make use of economic incentives, facilitated or hosted conversations, and partnerships. Finally, two areas where innovation is urgently needed are identified as sustainability education and the means by which we participate in democratic processes and government decision-making. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/184 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 J. W. McConnell Family Foundation Stephen Huddart is the Vice President of The J. W. McConnell Family Foundation in Montreal and the Director of SiG (Social Innovation Generation) @ McConnell. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source Software for Corporate IT %A Bruno von Rotz %X Of all the choices available when selecting open source software (OSS), which ones are likely to meet business and technology requirements? What tools, if any, exist to help companies assess the enterprise readiness of a proposed open source solution? This article introduces the Enterprise Open Source (EOS) Directory, a resource which was designed to help corporations accustomed to evaluating commercial closed source software find enterprise-ready open source solutions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/147 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Optaros Bruno von Rotz is the country manager for Switzerland at Optaros. He has more than 20 years of IT consulting and system integration experience. Prior to Optaros, he was the Consulting Practice Lead for Enterprise Integration Solutions in EMEA for Novell and Cambridge Technology Partners. Prior to Novell, he worked for McKinsey and Company, where he focused on IT strategy and architecture. Bruno graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich with specialization in Information Systems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source Software Foundations %A Zhensheng Xie %X Communities that develop open source software (OSS) are virtual entities on the Internet, not legal entities. Some open source communities establish open source software foundations (OSSF) in order to protect their intellectual property and carry out contractual arrangements. As legal entities, OSSF help communities attain their long-term goals, hold community assets, provide resources to communities, and balance interests amongst different stakeholders. When OSS started to draw more business interests, commercial companies became involved with open source communities. The emergence of OSSF provides a good platform and opportunities for companies to exert their influence in a more official way. This article summarizes our recent research regarding the relationships between company involvement, governance, revenue, and OSSF. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/194 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 EA Mobile Zhensheng Xie is a software developer at EA Mobile in Montreal. He worked in the telecommunication industry for six years in China, with experience in software development, system design, and product management. He received his master's degree in the Technology Innovation Management program of Carleton University in 2008. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source Telecom %A Jim Van Meggelen %X Open source telecom platforms have matured to the point where they are often functionally superior to more traditional products. A case in point is asterisk, an open source PBX (private branch exchange) and telephony engine, which was recently named "best IP PBX" in InfoWorld's 2008 Technology of the Year Awards. While industry recognition can be a compelling argument for adoption, it is still difficult to stake one's reputation on the implementation of any software in a mission-critical solution without having first built a solid foundation on which to do so. With the right approach, you can deliver a superior open source solution to your telecom problems, at far less cost than using proprietary offerings. Implementing an open source telecom system is similar to any development project: there are steps you can take to lower risk and ensure a successful result. This article provides a practical approach for technical implementors to build a track-record of success that will help win approval for more challenging business initiatives. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/135 %N April 2008 %9 Articles %1 Core Telecom Innovations Jim Van Meggelen is President and CTO of Core Telecom Innovations, a Canadian-based provider of open-source telephony solutions. He has over fifteen years of enterprise telecom experience, for such companies as Nortel, Williams and Telus, and has extensive knowledge of both legacy and VoIP equipment. He is one of the principal contributors to the Asterisk Documentation Project, and is co-author of Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Source Vulnerability Database Project %A Jake Kouns %X This article introduces the Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) project which manages a global collection of computer security vulnerabilities, available for free use by the information security community. This collection contains information on known security weaknesses in operating systems, software products, protocols, hardware devices, and other infrastructure elements of information technology. The OSVDB project is intended to be the centralized global open source vulnerability collection on the Internet. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/155 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 Open Security Foundation Jake Kouns is the co-founder and President of the Open Security Foundation which oversees the operations of the Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB). Kouns' primary focus is to provide management oversight and define the strategic direction of the project. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Computer Information Systems and a Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Information Security from James Madison University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Sourcing Social Change: Inside the Constellation Model %A Tonya Surman %A Mark Surman %X The constellation model was developed by and for the Canadian Partnership for Children's Health and the Environment. The model offers an innovative approach to organizing collaborative efforts in the social mission sector and shares various elements of the open source model. It emphasizes self-organizing and concrete action within a network of partner organizations working on a common issue. Constellations are self-organizing action teams that operate within the broader strategic vision of a partnership. These constellations are outwardly focused, placing their attention on creating value for those in the external environment rather than on the partnership itself. While serious effort is invested into core partnership governance and management, most of the energy is devoted to the decision making, resources and collaborative effort required to create social value. The constellations drive and define the partnership. The constellation model emerged from a deep understanding of the power of networks and peer production. Leadership rotates fluidly amongst partners, with each partner having the freedom to head up a constellation and to participate in constellations that carry out activities that are of more peripheral interest. The Internet provided the platform, the partner network enabled the expertise to align itself, and the goal of reducing chemical exposure in children kept the energy flowing. Building on seven years of experience, this article provides an overview of the constellation model, discusses the results from the CPCHE, and identifies similarities and differences between the constellation and open source models. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/183 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Centre for Social Innovation Tonya Surman is the founding Executive Director of the Centre for Social Innovation. She was the co-creator of the constellation model for CPCHE as its founding partnership director. Her work at the Centre is focused on catalyzing collaboration and entrepreneurship for social innovation. Previously she has run a social enterprise offering e-mail to activists and an edgy online news hub for Canadian progressives. %2 Mozilla Foundation Mark Surman is in the business of connecting things: people, ideas, everything. A community technology activist for almost 20 years, Mark has just become the Executive Director of the Mozilla Foundation. Previously he was an open philanthropy fellow at the Shuttleworth Foundation in Cape Town. He serves as senior partnership advisor to telecentre.org, a $27 million program that invests in grassroots computing networks around the world. When he has time, Mark likes to write and convene conversations about all things 'open' in his hometown of Toronto. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Open Standards vs. Open Source: a Case of the OpenAccess Standard %A Stoyan Tanev %A Amy Xu %A Jim Wilmore %X In this article we provide some insights into the relationship between non-code based open assets, open development processes, and open standards. The insights are based on a case study of the OpenAccess Project of the Silicon Integration Initiative. The unique relationship between the OA standard's openness, evolution and adoption is an example of how open processes could be used to enable design tool interoperability, innovation, and cooperation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 01/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/115 %N January 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Southern Denmark Dr. Stoyan Tanev has a M.Sc. from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria and a Ph.D. jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, and University of Sofia in Physics, as well as a M.Eng. in Telecommunications Technology Management from Carleton University, Ottawa. In July 2006, Dr. Tanev joined the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. His main teaching and research activities are associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program and include the application of open source innovation principles in new and emerging technology domains as well as the relationship between competitive intelligence, technology marketing, and innovation. %2 Carleton University Amy Xu has a Bachelor in Computer Science and has just completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Her M. Eng thesis work was dedicated to the study of the OpenAccess standard development processes. %3 Intel Jim Wilmore has been working in the IC CAD industry for over 30 years, first as a graduate student with Sandia Corporation, then for over 20 years at Hewlett-Packard, and most recently at Intel as Intel's Program Manager for EDA Industry Initiatives. Jim's work in IC CAD has been in many roles: as an application/tool/engine developer, as a tool customizer, as a CAD integrator, as a CAD System Architect, and finally as an Infrastructure architect and developer primarily focused in database and design management. He has worked on EDA industry standards for most of his EDA career. He has participated in OpenAccess from the outset and is now the Co-Chief Architect of the OAC's ChangeTeam. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The OpenTTT Approach %A Carlo Daffara %X There is no shortage of data and results that demonstrate that open source software, when adopted with appropriate best practices, can significantly lower costs and provide quality IT (information technology) solutions, especially for small and medium enterprises. For example, the Consortium for Open Source Software in Public Administration project demonstrated that by using best practices for OSS procurement, not only was software acquisition cheaper, but the evaluation of tangible and intangible costs over 5 years demonstrated a cost reduction ranging from 20% to 60%. The EU study on the impact of OSS indicates that OSS can reduce software research and development costs by 36%, while the INES project found that companies adopting OSS increased profits and reduced time to market and development costs in 80% of the trials. If OSS is so advantageous, why is so little use of it perceived in the marketplace, especially among SMEs? We present the preliminary results of an European project called OpenTTT to improve the adoption rate and study the effectiveness of best practices in OSS adoption within small and medium enterprises. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/128 %N March 2008 %9 Articles %1 Conecta Carlo Daffara is head of research at Conecta, an open source consulting company. He is the Italian member of the EuropeanWorking group on libre software, chairs several other working groups like the open source middleware group of the IEEE technical committee on scalable computing and the Internet Society working group on public software, and contributed to the article presented by ISOC to Unesco on global trends for universal access to information resources. His current research activity is centered on the sustainability of OSS-based business models. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T OSS Spending Trends in Education %A Justin Davidson %X Open source software (OSS) is becoming more prominent within the education market as more educational institutions turn towards open source as a solution that meets their needs. However, open source is not appropriate for all, and institutions should be cautious about implementing OSS. When adopting open source, institutions should ensure it is a strategic decision and not just a philosophical one. At Datamonitor, a provider of online data, analytic and forecasting platforms for key vertical sectors, we believe that the role of OSS will become increasingly important in education. The solutions available are becoming more sophisticated and stable. Currently, 56% of education institutions are using OSS and open source is clearly making headway into the education market. Furthermore, there are a number of varying factors driving institutions towards OSS and not all institutions are implementing OSS for the same reason. OSS offers an alternative method through which an institution can implement a technological solution, along with it's own variety of benefits and pitfalls. However, the increased popularity of OSS will not prevent proprietary software solutions from having an important role to play in education. Instead, OSS and proprietary solutions are going to become even more entwined together and the line between open source and proprietary solutions will blur. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/173 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 Datamonitor Justin Davidson is an Associate Analyst at Datamonitor writing about Education Technology. He writes on issues across the globe and looks at how technology companies can make the most of opportunities within the Education Market, whilst also bringing value to their clients. Datamonitor plc is a premium business information company specializing in industry analysis that helps its clients, 5000 of the world?s leading companies, to address complex strategic issues. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T A Panamanian Initiative to Embrace the Future %A Monica Mora %X The International Center for Technological Development and Open Source Software (CIDETYS) in Panama is a non-profit organization, promoted by the Panamanian government to harness the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and open source software (OSS) to create social benefits for its population. An important goal of the center is to collaborate with international organizations and become a leader in Central America in the development, use and implementation of ICT and OSS. This article describes the main activities that CIDETYS will be focusing on during the first years of operations, how this initiative was born, and a story of the implementation of OSS in the region of Extremadura, Spain that inspired the creation of CIDETYS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/197 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 CIDETYS Monica Mora received a Master's degree in Technology and Innovation Management from Carleton University. She has worked for the Technological University of Panama in different positions, including assistant professor and assistant of the President of this university. She is currently part of the technical committee of CIDETYS which was created to advise the Board of Directors and plan the first activities of the programme. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T The Personal Research Portal %A Ismael Peña-López %X Digital technologies have forever changed the way that knowledge is disseminated and accessed. Yet, the main problem knowledge workers face is invisibility: if people don't know that you know, and people are not aware of what you know, you do not exist. Governments and institutions are being pushed to foster Open Access (OA) literature as a way to achieve universal reach of research diffusion at inexpensive and immediate levels. Most efforts have been made at the institutional level, dedicating little energy to what the individual can do to contribute. The philosophy and tools around web 2.0 bring clear opportunities for individuals to contribute and to build a broader personal presence on the Internet and a better diffusion for their work, interests or publications. We propose the concept of the personal research portal (PRP) as a means to create a digital identity for knowledge workers--tied to one's digital public notebook and personal repository--and a virtual network of colleagues working in the same field. Complementary to formal publishing or taking part in offline meetings, the PRP would be a knowledge management system that would enhance reading, storing, and creation at both the private and public levels, and contribute to create an online identity that, in turn, will help to create a network whose currency is knowledge. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 02/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/123 %N February 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Catalonia Ismael Peña-López is Public Policies for Development and ICT4D lecturer at the Open University of Catalonia, Spain. His main research interests are the digital divide, e-readiness, ICT4D and digital inclusion. As a teacher in virtual learning environments, he is also interested in Open Access and its relationship with e-learning and development. He is the lead (and only) developer of Bibciter, a GPL Bibliography Manager. His Personal Research Portal can be accessed at ICTlogy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Power of Openness to Solve Textbook Access Problems %A David Wiley %X Article 26 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights attests that access to educational opportunity is a basic human right. Yet while a myriad of publishing technologies flourish around us, the staple of classroom teaching, the textbook, is becoming so expensive as to be increasingly inaccessible. In this article we describe how Flat World Knowledge is leveraging principles of openness to bring textbooks back into reach of all students, creating significant social value in a manner that will sustain itself over the long-term. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/212 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Flat World Knowledge David Wiley is an Associate Professor of Instructional Psychology and Technology at Brigham Young University and Chief Openness Officer for Flat World Knowledge, a new digital-textbook publisher. David brings deep experience building and disseminating technology to sustainably advance open education. David's work in reusable educational materials, social support for learning, and open access policies have won him numerous awards, including a National Science Foundation CAREER grant. He is Evangelist, Idea Guy and former Director at the Center for Open and Sustainable Learning, an organization dedicated to advancing open education and expanding access to educational opportunity worldwide. His work has been covered in The NY Times, The Wall Street Journal, The London Financial Times, The Hindu, WIRED, and other media outlets. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Project Conifer %A Art Rhyno %X Sharing resources lies at the heart of librarianship, and libraries have a long history of collaborative projects and initiatives. It comes as no surprise then to find that libraries have a natural synergy with open source software and there have been some recent activities where open source solutions have been applied to large scale services. This article describes a project between several Ontario university libraries to work together on a mission critical OSS application for their campuses. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/178 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Windsor Art Rhyno is a Systems Librarian at the University of Windsor, Chair of the Technical Committee for Knowledge Ontario, and the co-owner of a community newspaper (The Essex Free Press). He has published articles and book chapters on topics ranging from technology to genealogy and quantum physics, and is author of Using Open Source Systems for Digital Libraries, published by Libraries Unlimited. Art is also a former president of the Ontario Library and Information Technology Association and was the recipient of the Ontario College and University Association's Librarian of the Year Award in 2004, and co-recipient of the OLITA 2008 Award for Technical Innovation. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Q&A. Besides compliance, are there any business reasons for maintaining an accessible website? %A Glenn McKnight %X Your questions answered and reader feedback. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/170 %N July 2008 %9 Q and A %1 Global Catalysts Glenn McKnight has worked extensively with Canadian and international private and public sector organizations to promote cost effective IT and non-IT projects. His work included Baygen Radio of South Africa, environmental technologies in China, and IT strategies in India. His certification experience includes developing apprenticeship programs, operating IT schools, and promoting the Linux Professional Institute as an international standard. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Q&A. Does lack of product management impact the users of open source? %A Paul Young %X Most commercial software companies employ product managers to handle the planning and marketing of software products, whereas few open source projects have a product manager. Does lack of product management impact the users of open source? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/152 %N May 2008 %9 Q and A %1 Paul Young completed his undergrad work at The University of Texas at Austin, and received a B.S. in Radio-Television-Film. He worked in various product management and marketing roles for Cisco's security and WAN managed services before becoming director of product management at a startup in Austin. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Q&A. Does the Google Summer of Code project provide any value to open source projects and the students who participate? %A Murray Stokely %X Google recently announced their fourth Summer of Code. Does the Summer of Code project provide any value to open source projects and the students who participate? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 03/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/132 %N March 2008 %9 Q and A %1 FreeBSD Project Murray Stokely is a core team member of the FreeBSD Project. He was the primary release engineer for FreeBSD releases 4.4 through 4.9. He currently works at Google and has organized the FreeBSD participation in the Google Summer of Code each year since 2005. Murray has contributed to numerous books and articles about FreeBSD and release engineering practices. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Q&A. Why use OSS, other than the licensing cost of the software? %A Alan Morewood %X Your questions answered and reader feedback. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/162 %N June 2008 %9 Q and A %1 Bell Canada Alan Morewood has been involved with open source since discovering Linux in 1992. In 1993, he started as a systems administrator for Bell Sygma, bringing the standard GNU tools to the attention of the sysadmins familiar only with expensive commercial tools. While at Bell Sygma, he learned about security by managing the main corporate Internet gateway and establishing the first bell.ca platform. Bell Canada's corporate security department solicited his participation in 1996 where he continues today by coaching employees in the relationship between networks, system administration, security, and business needs. Alan has a B.A.Sc in Systems Design Engineering from Waterloo, a P.Eng, and is CISSP and BSDA certified. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Reducing Global Poverty and Disease with Community and Technology: An Open Source Perspective %A Cliff Schmidt %X Literacy Bridge, a non-profit technology startup, is using open source software (OSS), open hardware, and open content to solve some of the world's most challenging problems: global poverty and disease. Through the development and application of a digital audio device, Literacy Bridge's Talking Book Project is designed to make access to information available and affordable to those who have the fewest resources but the greatest need. This article summarizes the Talking Book Project and describes how six aspects of successful open source projects are being applied to improve global literacy and access to information. Most importantly, this project demonstrates the power of combining community and appropriate technology to change the world. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/198 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 Literacy Bridge Cliff Schmidt is the Executive Director of Literacy Bridge, a non-profit organization empowering children and adults with affordable tools for knowledge sharing and literacy learning. Prior to founding Literacy Bridge, Cliff ran a successful open source consulting business, specializing in intellectual property issues and community development. He has served both the Eclipse Foundation and The Apache Software Foundation, where he was elected as a board director and appointed Vice President of Legal Affairs. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Security Hardening of Open Source Software %A Robert Charpentier %A Mourad Debbabi %X In today's computing world, security takes an increasingly predominant role. The industry is facing challenges in public confidence at the discovery of vulnerabilities and customers are expecting security to be delivered out of the box, even on programs that were not designed with security in mind. Software maintainers must face the challenge to improve the security of their programs and are often under-equipped to do so. Some are taking advantage of open source software (OSS) for their production systems as the availability of the source code facilitates their validation and answers their need for trustworthy programs. OSS are often implemented using the C programming language (26% according to SourceForge.net), making it is necessary to investigate the security issues related to C. This paper summarizes key concepts related to security hardening, and demonstrates its applicability on the C language. We also propose a progressive approach to integrate security services and protection measures into existing software to ultimately make it more resistant against cyber-attacks. Given our ever increasing dependability on information technologies, it becomes critically important to provide tools to maintainers that will facilitate and accelerate the security hardening process, increasing the effectiveness of the effort and lowering the resources required to do so. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/157 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 Defence Research Establishment Robert Charpentier completed his degree in engineering physics at l'Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal in 1979. After working at CAE Electronics on flight simulators, he joined Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, where he specialized in infrared imagery and space-based surveillance. His current research domain is software security design and attack resistance of information systems operated in hostile environment. He has been deeply involved in F/LOSS studies since 2003. %2 Concordia University Mourad Debbabi is full professor and acting director at the Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering. He is Concordia University Research Chair Tier I and Specification Lead for four Java Specification Standards. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Paris XI Orsay University and worked as senior scientist for PINTL Laboratory and General Electric Corporate Research before joining Concordia University in Montreal. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Sharing Information on the Semantic Web: The Reminiscence of an Old Legal Issue %A Pierre-Paul Lemyre %X The success story of open source software (OSS) makes us see very clearly that in a networked world, centralized production of information is not the only viable model. It is now largely understood that distributed production can often equal and surpass it, both in quality and quantity. This has led people in all disciplines to rethink their relationship with information, giving birth to a plethora of initiatives generating value by promoting the mass collaboration of individuals over shared sets of information. Based on rich Internet applications, wikis, social tagging or social networking technologies, these initiatives gave birth to a revolution that has been dubbed Web 2.0. Whether they originate in non-profit or business ventures, they all add up to the ever increasing mass of accessible and reusable information. For current information hubs that have been developed through independent channels, it is anticipated that the next step in the evolution of the web will make seamless integration possible. This development should create tremendous opportunities for those capable of building innovative services and knowledge products on top of this shared knowledge base. In fact, along with the technological foundations of this web of ideas, practical commercial implementations are already starting to appear. However, these early experiments highlight the fact that the most important challenge to overcome might not reside in the technology itself. Instead, the management of rights may, more than anything else, hinder the efficient aggregation of distributed information. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/165 %N July 2008 %9 Articles %1 Universite de Montreal Pierre-Paul Lemyre is one of the leading researchers of LexUM, the legal information technologies laboratory of the Law Faculty at the Université de Montréal. He is highly interested in the improvement of access to legal information, the challenges that lasting development poses, as well as in the legal issues related to free and open source software. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Social Innovation: Access and Leadership %A Roseann O'Reilly Runte %X We live in an age where the rapid pace of technological innovation and the ability to disseminate knowledge far exceed our capacity to ensure that all members of society receive their benefits. The challenges in providing access to technology have been largely solved in this globally connected world. How to best use that technology to increase social value and alleviate lack of education, poverty, and other societal problems is an ongoing question with no easy answers. This article explores the challenges for social innovation and the use of information technology. These challenges are: i) access to technology; ii) access to learning; iii) the use of technology in teaching and research; and iv) the establishment of a framework of knowledge. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/186 %N September 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Dr. Roseann O'Reilly Runte is President and Vice-Chancellor of Carleton University. She is the author of numerous scholarly works in the fields of French and comparative literature. She has written extensively on economic and cultural development, higher education and the importance of research. In addition, she is a creative writer and has received a prize in poetry from the Academie francaise. Dr. Runte has been awarded the Order of Canada and the French Order of Merit and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Social Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa %A Steven Muegge %A Chukwuemeka Afigbo %X SW Global is an African-based application service provider of information technology infrastructure and software. This article describes how SW Global, a for-profit private sector company, creates high-impact value at universities and governments in developing countries through an innovative business model anchored around service subscriptions, open source software, and open content. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/213 %N December 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Muegge teaches within the Technology Innovation Management program. His current research interests include open source software, open innovation, and open source ecosystems. %2 SW Global Chukwuemeka Afigbo is Technology Manager of College Solutions at SW Global. He joined SW Global in 2002 in its first month of operations as a software developer (employee number 9), and has played an active role in more than fifty service deployments at universities in Africa and Asia. He is a recent graduate of the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University in Ottawa Canada. His research examined the adoption of open standards within open source Learning Management Systems. His other research interests include open source software, open innovation and how tertiary institutions use ICT to enhance their core processes. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Software Accessibility: Where Are We Today? %A Marco Zehe %X While it seems intuitive that applications, especially open source ones, should allow all to use and enjoy them, many developers are unaware of the need for accessible applications. Providing accessibility in information technology is not difficult, but it does require a basic understanding of different types of disabilities, commonly used assistive technologies, and the special accessibility features built into languages and standards. Most of all, accessibility requires a conscious effort and a desire to include everyone. The accessibility of computer software has seen drastic improvements over the past two decades. This article reviews this progress, examining the technologies developed and offering guidelines for developers to create accessible applications. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/166 %N July 2008 %9 Articles %1 Mozilla Marco Zehe works as quality assurance engineer for accessibility at Mozilla Corporation. His responsibility is the accessibility of the Firefox web browser and Mozilla platform. His responsibilities include making sure that all web and user interface content is properly exposed to assistive technologies on all supported platforms, helping to test new enhancements such as IAccessible2, and to drive adoption of standards forward within and around Mozilla. Before joining Mozilla, Marco worked as a second-level support and localization manager at Freedom Scientific and has been in the assistive technology industry since 1996. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: A Practitioners Guide to Ecosystem Development %A Mike Milinkovich %X On September 3, 2008, Mike Milinkovich, Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation, delivered a presentation entitled "A Practitioners Guide to Ecosystem Development". This lecture introduced the fundamental concepts of ecosystems and how the Eclipse Foundation matches the theory. This report provides the key messages from the lecture. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/200 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 Eclipse Mike Milinkovich is the Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation. In the past, he has held key management positions with Oracle, WebGain, The Object People, and Object Technology International Inc. (which subsequently became a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM), assuming responsibility for development, product management, marketing, strategic planning, finance and business development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: Building Technical Communities %A Ian Skerrett %X On June 4, 2008, Ian Skerrett from the Eclipse Foundation delivered a presentation entitled " Building Technical Communities". This section provides the key messages from Ian's lecture. Ian used his observations of working in the Eclipse community to explain why community building is important, its critical elements, and how the traditional roles within an organization relate. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/160 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 Eclipse Foundation Ian Skerrett is the Director of Marketing at the Eclipse Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation supporting the Eclipse open source community and commercial ecosystem. He is responsible for implementing programs that raise awareness of the Eclipse open source project and grow the overall Eclipse community. Ian has been working in the software industry for over 20 years. He has held a variety of product management and product marketing positions with Cognos, Object Technology International, IBM, Entrust and Klocwork. He graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Computer Science and has an MBA from McGill. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: Ecosystem Approach to the Commercialization of Technology Products and Services %A Tony Bailetti %X On March 28, 2008, Tony Bailetti, Director of Ontario's Talent First Network, launched Carleton University's TIM Lecture Series with a presentation entitled Ecosystem Approach to the Commercialization of Technology Products and Services. The TIM Lecture Series provides a forum to promote the transfer of knowledge from university research to technology company executives and entrepreneurs as well as research and development (R&D) personnel. This conference report presents the key messages and insights from the three sections discussed during the inaugural presentation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/138 %N April 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of the Talent First Network. Until September 2007, he was the Director of the Technology Innovation Management program. He has taught for the Executive M.B.A. program offered by Queen's University in Ottawa since 1996. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: OSGi and Server-Side Eclipse %A Dwight Deugo %X On August 27, 2008, Dwight Deugo from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "OSGi and Server-Side Eclipse". This lecture introduced the fundamental concepts of OSGi, a component integration platform to provide interoperability of applications and services. It also discussed how the Equinox project has incorporated OSGi into the Eclipse platform and gave an overview of the impact it has had on Server-Side Eclipse. This report provides the key messages from the lecture. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/199 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Dwight Deugo received his M.C.S and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from Carleton University, Ottawa. He was the Editor-In-Chief of the Java Report and the Director of Java Services at The Object People before joining Carleton University in 1997. Dr. Deugo has immersed himself in objects for more than 18 years and has done extensive consulting in object-oriented systems, particularly in areas related to Java, Smalltalk and Eclipse. His research interests include Large-Scale Distributed Object Computing, Eclipse, Agents, Peer-to-Peer Computing, Evolutionary Computation (Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Artificial Life), Object-Oriented Systems and Software Patterns. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: Privacy and Security in a Connected World %A Douglas King %X On May 7, 2008, Douglas G. King, Assistant Professor of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, delivered a presentation entitled "Privacy and Security in a Connected World". The TIM Lecture Series provides a forum to promote the transfer of knowledge from university research to technology company executives and entrepreneurs as well as research and development personnel. This conference report presents the key messages and insights from the three sections discussed during Professor Kunz's presentation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/149 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Douglas King received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D degrees in Theoretical Physics from the University of Guelph. In January 1989, he joined the Simulation and Modelling Research Group in the Department of Computer Science, University of Ottawa, as Research Associate and Part-time Professor. He has founded three high-technology companies, with a proven record of applying research to practical problems for both product development and strategic consulting. Dr. King's current research interests include: IT security management; Public Key Infrastructure applications; project management best practices; collaborative work environments; high-volume web site engineering; repositories and their access protocols; and copyright management. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: The State of Open Source Software and Corporate Software %A Doug Levin %X On April 16, Doug Levin, CEO of Black Duck Software, gave a presentation entitled The State of Open Source Software and Corporate Software Development. This conference report presents the key messages and insights from the three sections discussed during the presentation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/139 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Black Duck Software Doug Levin is president and CEO of Black Duck Software. Prior to founding Black Duck in 2002, Levin served as CEO of MessageMachines (acquired by NMS Communications in 2002) and X-Collaboration Software Corporation (acquired by Progress Software in 2000). From 1995 to 1999, he worked as an interim executive or consultant to a range of software companies, including CMGI Direct, IBM/Lotus Development Corporation, Oracle Software Corporation, Solbright Software, Mosaic Telecommunications, Bright Tiger Technologies and Best!Software. From 1987 to 1995, Levin held various senior management positions with Microsoft Corporation, including heading up worldwide licensing for corporate purchases of non-OEM Microsoft software products. He is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and holds a certificate in international economics from the College d'Europe in Bruges, Belgium. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: Trends in Technology Marketing %A Stoyan Tanev %X On May 23, 2008, Stoyan Tanev from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Trends in Technology Marketing". This section provides the key messages from Dr. Tanev's lecture. Tanev's lecture discussed current trends in technology innovation and marketing by focusing on the evolution of traditional marketing concepts. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/159 %N June 2008 %9 Articles %1 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University. He received a joint Ph.D. from the University of Sofia and the Universite Pierre and Marie Curie. His research interests include open source innovation strategies in non-software sectors, management of innovation in new, emerging and cross-disciplinary technology areas, and biomedical optics and nanophotonics design and simulation tools. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Lecture Series: Wireless Sensor Networks: What and Why? %A Thomas Kunz %X On April 30, 2008, Thomas Kunz, Director of the Talent Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Wireless Sensor Networks: What and Why?". The TIM Lecture Series provides a forum to promote the transfer of knowledge from university research to technology company executives and entrepreneurs as well as research and development personnel. This conference report presents the key messages and insights from the three sections discussed during Professor Kunz's presentation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 05/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/148 %N May 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Thomas Kunz received a double honours degree in Computer Science and Business Administration and the Dr. Ing. degree in Computer Science from the Technical University of Darmstadt. His research focuses on various problems in mobile computing and distributed systems and mobile ad-hoc networks. He has published well over 60 technical papers in journals and conferences and is a member of ACM and the IEEE Computer Society. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Series: Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation %A Michael Weiss %X On June 11, 2008, Michael Weiss from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation". This section provides the key messages from the lecture. Michael's lecture examined the structure of the mashup ecosystem as well as implementation issues, including licensing. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/168 %N July 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, services, business process models, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities and licensing of open services. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Series: Practicing Safe Software: Good Software Record %A Mahshad Koohgoli %X On June 18, 2008, Mahshad Koohgoli, CEO of Protecode, delivered a presentation entitled "Practicing Safe Software: Good Software Record". This section provides the key messages from the lecture. Mashad's lecture discussed the drivers behind establishing software IP (intellectual property) pedigree as well as the preventive and corrective methods of detecting and managing external IP in a project. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/169 %N July 2008 %9 Articles %1 Protecode Mahshad Koohgoli is CEO of Protecode Inc., a software IP management company. Mahshad has been in the industry for a long time, has a BSc and a PhD from the University of Sussex in England. He holds various patents. He was the founder and CEO of Nimcat Networks, and founder of Spacebridge Networks and Lantern Communications Canada. He held senior roles in Newbridge, Bell Northern Research and Nortel. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T TIM Series: Theory, Evidence and the Pragmatic Manager %A Steven Muegge %X On July 2, 2008, Steven Muegge from Carleton University delivered a presentation entitled "Theory, Evidence and the Pragmatic Manager". This section provides the key messages from the lecture. The scope of this lecture spanned several topics, including management decision making, forecasting and its limitations, the psychology of expertise, and the management of innovation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/179 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member of the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Muegge teaches within the Technology Innovation Management program. His current research interests include open source software, open innovation, and open source ecosystems, and the application of management theory to solving practical problems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Treasury of the iCommons: Reflections of a Commons Sourcing Lawyer %A Thomas Prowse %X This article advances the thesis that commons sourcing is the emerging third wave of commercial transformation. It begins with the iCommons concept and its origin in open source software (OSS) methodologies and emergence in other business models. It then defines commons sourcing and situates it with respect to the two earlier waves of commercial transformation. It concludes with some reflections by a commons sourcing lawyer. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/196 %N October 2008 %9 Articles %1 Gowlings Thomas Prowse is a Partner with the Gowlings Kanata Technology Law Office. His practice focuses on providing legal advice in the areas of technology law and technology-related commercial matters. Before re-joining Gowlings, Thomas was Senior Counsel with Nortel, a leading Canadian technology company with global sales and operations. Thomas provided general legal support to numerous and diverse product development organizations. Thomas worked extensively on OSS matters during his tenure at Nortel and was the Global Law Department leader on the Nortel Open Source Advisory Team. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Uses of Creative Commons Licenses %A Minjeong Kim %X A recent study examined the uses of Creative Commons (CC) licenses and their potential to resolve the conflict surrounding copyright law in the digital communications era. This article summarizes the major findings of that study, originally published in the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 04/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/137 %N April 2008 %9 Articles %1 Hawaii Pacific University Minjeong Kim is an assistant professor and graduate program chair in the College of Communication at Hawaii Pacific University. Her research interests include copyright law, communication law, especially First Amendment issues in cyberspace, and digital media. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2008 %T Why Give Knowledge Away for Free? The Case for Open Educational Resources %A Jan Hylén %X An apparently extraordinary trend is emerging. Although learning resources are often considered as key intellectual property in a competitive higher education world, more institutions and individuals are sharing digital learning resources openly and without cost, as open educational resources (OER). The issues of why this is happening, who is involved, and the important implications were addressed in a 2006 study carried out by the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation with the support of the Hewlett Foundation. The main conclusions are summarised here, together with some insights from a follow-up, and not yet published, study from spring 2008. Higher education is facing a number of challenges: globalisation, an aging society, growing competition between higher educational institutions both nationally and internationally, and rapid technological development. OER is itself one of these challenges, but may also be a sound strategy for individual institutions to meet them. The trend towards sharing software programmes through open source software and research outcomes through open access publishing is already so strong that it is generally thought of as a movement. It is now complemented by the trend towards sharing learning resources: the OER movement. OER are a fascinating technological development and, potentially, a major educational tool. They accelerate the blurring of formal and informal learning, and of educational and broader cultural activities. They raise basic philosophical issues dealing with the nature of ownership, the validation of knowledge, and concepts such as altruism and collective goods. They reach into issues of property and its distribution across the globe. They offer the prospect of a radically new approach to the sharing of knowledge, at a time when effective use of knowledge is seen as the key to economic success, for both individuals and nations. OER projects can expand access to learning for everyone, but most of all, for non-traditional groups of students. They thus widen participation in higher education. They can be an efficient way of promoting lifelong learning, both for individuals and for government, and can bridge the gap between non-formal, informal, and formal learning. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/175 %N August 2008 %9 Articles %1 Metamatrix Jan Hylén holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Stockholm University, Sweden. He has worked in the National Agency for Education in Sweden as Director of Research and served as Political Advisor to the Minister of Schools and Adult Education. He has been an analyst at OECDs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation where he was responsible for the project on OER, and is now at Metamatrix, a Swedish consultancy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Adding Value to Information Systems Using Free Data %A Ervin Ruci %X This article provides an example of how a graduate student in Ontario used open source software and freely available data to solve a technical dilemma, start and grow a business, and provide services which benefit many. It also illustrates how easily new features and customizations can be developed when an API is made available to its users. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/87 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 Geocoder.ca Ervin Ruci came to Canada from Albania in 1996 as an undergraduate. He graduated in 2001 with a degree in Mathematics and Computer Science. After graduation he moved to Ottawa, where he worked as Applications Developer for CIRA. Ervin is currently working on his masters degree in Computational Geometry at the Ottawa-Carleton Computer Science Institute. He has also been working on several local start up companies, including Geocoder.ca and Foodpages.ca. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Building an Open Source Company One Penguin at a Time %A Bill White %X Roaring Penguin Software Inc. started as a one-person consulting company in 1999. A year later, David F. Skoll, the company's President and CTO, was asked to develop an e-mail filtering tool. David developed MIMEDefang, an e-mail filter that used Sendmail's Milter facilities. David donated the code to the open source community, and kept developing MIMEDefang as a free tool for system administrators. Today, the MIMEDefang code is available at at the website. By 2002, it was obvious that there was a need for a packaged mail-filtering solution suitable for end-users. David decided to go ahead and write what became CanIt-PRO. Whereas MIMEDefang is suited to system administrators who are familiar with Perl and comfortable with writing their filtering policies in Perl, the CanIt product line allows end-users to control their filtering through a simple web-based interface. The company transformed itself from a consulting company to a product development company. This transformation required significant changes. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/84 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 Roaring Penguin Bill White is VP Marketing and Sales for Roaring Penguin Software, an Ottawa based company which specializes in e-mail filtering software and anti-spam solutions. He is a key member of the team responsible for setting the strategic direction of the company, its products and markets, as well as for building and leading the Sales and Marketing teams. Bill has managed sales and marketing activities in the high-technology arena for more than 20 years. He has been fortunate to work at and learn from some of the best software development companies in Ottawa including Beyond 20/20, Plaintree, KOM, Gallium and ELSID Software Systems. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Company Interactions with Open Platforms %A Tammy Yuan %X The telecommunications industry is moving away from building communications and data service networks using proprietary platforms of specialized hardware, closed interfaces, and proprietary technologies. Increasingly, the industry is assembling new networks on open platforms comprised of both commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software and open source components. Carrier Grade Linux (CGL) stands at the center of the move to open architectures. This article addresses three questions. 1) What motivates companies to incorporate CGL specifications into their products? 2) How do companies adopting CGL create and appropriate value? 3) What roles do these companies play in the ecosystem anchored around the CGL Working Group initiative? These questions are of interest to top management teams facing pivotal decisions of whether or not to incorporate open platforms into their products, and how to compete in a world where those same platforms are available to competitors. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/86 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tammy (Jiang) Yuan received her M. Eng. degree in Signal and Information Processing in 1999 from the South China University of Technology and a B.Eng. in Testing Techniques and Instruments in 1993 from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. She has published various articles in Chinese academic journals. Tammy is about to complete her master's degree in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Comparing the BSD and GPL Licenses %A Bruce Montague %X There are many reasons, not all necessarily altruistic, for the popularity of Open Source Software (OSS). This article provides an overview of software and licensing, and suggests usage examples for two well-known open source licenses: the GPL and BSD license. This article does not discuss recent GPLv3 developments and reflects my own experiences, not necessarily those of my employer. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/67 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 Symantec Bruce Montague has over 30 years of experience as an OS engineer. He has been a civilian USAF computer scientist, has been on the staff of the US Naval Postgraduate School, was a senior engineer at Digital Research, Inc., has been a developer of filesystems shipped by IBM and Apple, and has developed a number of custom operating systems, including the first embedded Java OS. He has a PhD in Computer Science from UCSC and currently works for Symantec Research Labs. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Competitive Actions of Open Source Firms %A Glen McInnis %X Early in 2006, Microsoft CEO Steve Balmer made a public statement that Microsoft had no trouble competing with open source rivals on features. Balmer was downplaying the fact that Open Source Software (OSS) has changed the nature of competition in the software industry from one of feature-based competition to a much more complex model for competition. Traditional firms like Microsoft are not simply competing against a loose group of programmers who produce OSS; they are competing against other firms who have chosen to use OSS as part of their product or service offering. This article is an examination of competition in this new environment where firm-to-firm competition includes those firms making use of OSS. The evolution of the marketplace becomes evident when competition is viewed as a series of small, but discrete actions that are carried out by a firm. Each of these actions is intended to improve the firm's standing in the marketplace. Such actions can be classified as one of six different types of competitive action: (i) pricing, (ii) marketing, (iii) new products, (iv) capacity, (v) service, and (vi) signaling. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/57 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Glen McInnis is the Practice Area Lead for Enterprise Content Management at non-linear creations in Ottawa, ON. Glen holds a B.Sc. in computer science and is currently completing a thesis titled "Competitive Actions of Open Source Firms" as part of the M.A.Sc. in Technology Innovation Management at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Competitive Open Source %A Peter Carbone %X Peter Carbone describes insights gained from a joint industry-university research project. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/93 %N July 2007 %9 Articles %1 Coral CEA Peter Carbone is an ICT executive that specializes in ICT strategy and commercialization. He has a track record of creating innovative solutions, strategically managing technology and innovation, successfully launching and running new busineses, and leading business development initiatives. Peter has been engaged as a technical advisor to start-ups, and has served on the board of US-based Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). He is currently Chairman of the Information Technology Association of Canada's (ITAC) committee focused on the Global Competitiveness of Canada's Knowledge Economy. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Conference Report: Open Education 2007 %A Andrew Pullin %A Kamal Hassin %A Monica Mora %X Open Education Resources (OER) are educational material and resources that the general public can freely use for teaching, learning, and research. Like Open Source Software (OSS), OER contain content that is freely reused and redistributed without the traditional restrictions imposed by copyright. OER also includes the tools used to develop, improve, and distribute this content to communities. The Open Education 2007: Localizing and Learning conference was held at Utah State University in September. The conference focused on the ability of people to learn as simply publishing OER content online does not guarantee that it can be effectively used for learning. This theme was investigated from two perspectives. The first was from the developer perspective with the sharing of efforts to localize the educational content and make it more relevant to the people using it. The second was from the user perspective where organizations utilizing or deploying OER spoke of their experiences, challenges, and successes. This report provides an overview of the sustainability, localization, technological, legal and interoperability issues raised at the conference. It concludes with the authors' views regarding the future direction of OERs, based on their research being conducted at Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/59 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Andrew Pullin received a B.Sc. in Combined Honours Chemistry and Computer Science from Carleton University in 2006. He is currently a Master's student in the Technology and Innovation Management within the Faculty of Engineering at Carleton University. His research interests include open source project ecosystems, open source licensing and open educational resources. He currently acts as Associate Director for Shad Valley Carleton and serves on the Board of Advisors to Virtual Ventures. %2 Carleton University Kamal Hassin received a B.Eng. in electrical engineering from Carleton University in 2004. He is currently a Master's student in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include software intellectual property management, intellectual property law, open source licensing, and open educational resources. %3 CIDETYS Monica Mora received a Master's degree in Technology and Innovation Management from Carleton University. She has worked for the Technological University of Panama in different positions, including assistant professor and assistant of the President of this university. She is currently part of the technical committee of CIDETYS which was created to advise the Board of Directors and plan the first activities of the programme. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Defining Open Source %A Russ Nelson %X The Open Source Initiative and the Free Software Foundation share a common goal: that everyone should be free to modify and redistribute the software they commonly use. 'Should' is of course a normative word. For the FSF, 'should' is a moral imperative. Anything else is an immoral restriction on people's activities, just as are restrictions on speech, press, movement, and religion. For the OSI, freedom is a necessary precondition for a world where "software doesn't suck", in the words of a founder of the OSI. The FSF started from its founder's GNU Manifesto widely published in 1985. Given the manifesto's hostility to copyright, and given the failure of the Free Software Foundation to gain any traction amongst commercial users of software even with a 13-year head start, a group of people gathered together in 1998 to talk about a new strategy to get the corporate world to listen to hackers. They were impressed by Eric Raymond's Cathedral and the Bazaar's take-up among business leaders. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/74 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 Open Source Initiative Russell Nelson is a founding board member of the Open Source Initiative. Although a board member, he's just one board member and the opinions expressed herein are his own, and not official board positions. He has been writing open source before we started calling it open source. His software has made it into McDonald's cash registers, operating rooms, and aircraft flight control systems. At one point, his GPL'ed packet drivers were arguably running on more CPUs than anything the Free Software Foundation had written. This isn't the case anymore, of course. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Eclipse: A Premier Open Source Community %A Donald Smith %A Mike Milinkovich %X Donald Smith and Mike Milinkovich examine the factors that grew the Eclipse community into a thriving ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/94 %N July 2007 %9 Articles %1 Eclipse Foundation Donald Smith is Director of Ecosystem Development for the Eclipse Foundation, an independent not-for-profit foundation supporting the Eclipse open source community. He brings over a decade of worldwide industry experience, from small "dot-com" through Fortune 50 companies. Donald speaks regularly at both technical and business oriented conferences. %2 Eclipse Mike Milinkovich is the Executive Director of the Eclipse Foundation. In the past, he has held key management positions with Oracle, WebGain, The Object People, and Object Technology International Inc. (which subsequently became a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM), assuming responsibility for development, product management, marketing, strategic planning, finance and business development. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Business Models (August 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X At the close of the 20th century, Tim O'Reilly wrote The Ten Myths About Open Source Software: Do any of these still sound familiar? 1. It's all about Linux versus Windows 2. Open source software isn't reliable or supported 3. Big companies don't use open source software 4. Open source is hostile to intellectual property 5. Open source is all about licenses 6. If I give away my software to the open source community, thousands of developers will suddenly start working for me for nothing 7. Open source only matters to programmers; most users never look under the hood anyway 8. There's no money to be made on free software 9. The open source movement isn't sustainable; people will stop developing free software once they see others making lots of money from their efforts 10. Open source is playing catch up to Microsoft and the commercial world %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/81 %N August 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Clean Intellectual Property (December 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X As 2007 draws to a close, three emerging trends are gaining momentum. The first is that companies are releasing formerly proprietary code under an open source license. The second is that open source companies are being acquired or are issuing public offerings. The third trend is that very large number of citizens increasingly uses the Internet to oppose politicians and law makers who threaten, sometimes unwittingly, the fundamental principles of open source development. These three trends tie into this month's editorial theme: Clean intellectual property or clean IP. In a nutshell, clean IP is about reducing license incompatibilities and non-compliance with licensing terms. Clean IP significantly affects the value of the code released as open source and the value of a company that develops and markets software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/101 %N December 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Defining Open Source (September 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X In his book Foresight and Understanding: An Inquiry into the Aims of Science, Stephen Toulmin wrote "Definitions are like belts. The shorter they are, the more elastic they need to be. A short belt reveals nothing about its wearer: by stretching, it can be made to fit almost anybody." Keep in mind the nature of elasticity while reading through this issue of the OSBR. The theme this month is "Defining Open Source"; however, you'll find that the articles build upon and extend both the Open Source Definition and the Free Software Definition. This stretching in order to fit almost anybody is bound to make the open source purist uncomfortable; it is our intent to provoke thought and we look forward to receiving and publishing reader feedback. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/73 %N September 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Introducing the OSBR (July 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X Welcome from the Editor. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/92 %N July 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Licensing (October 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X In his book Open Source Licensing: Software Freedom and Intellectual Property Law, Lawrence Rosen defines licensing as "the legal way a copyright and patent owner grants permission to others to use his intellectual property". When you consider that the bread and butter of a company usually revolves around its intellectual property, it's not suprising that open source licenses are often regarded with suspicion. How is it possible for a company's interests to be protected by a license written by another party? And how can a company provide "open" access to its intellectual property without "giving away the store"? Simon Phipps, Chief Open Source Officer for Sun Microsystems, once stated in an interview: "While open source licensing lets people have access...this doesn't have to mean that chaos ensues." This issue of the OSBR provides insights to help navigate the chaos that is often associated with open source licenses. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/62 %N October 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Editorial: Support (November 2007) %A Dru Lavigne %X What is your first thought when you encounter the term "open source support"? A programmer typing the answer to a question using a chat utility? Hours spent scouring the Internet for a working configuration sample? Contacting a support engineer at a commercial call centre? If you find it difficult to think about a support engineer, you're not alone. Actuate's recently published 2007 Open Source Survey of senior personnel from financial services, Telco, and public sector organizations across North America and Europe indicates that 46.3% of respondents cite the lack of availability of long term support as a major barrier to their company's adoption of open source technologies. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/53 %N November 2007 %9 Editorial %1 Talent First Network Dru Lavigne is a technical writer and IT consultant who has been active with open source communities since the mid-1990s. She writes regularly for O'Reilly and DNSStuff.com and is author of the books BSD Hacks and The Best of FreeBSD Basics. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Ensuring Software IP Cleanliness %A Richard Mayer %A Mahshad Koohgoli %X At many points in the life of a software enterprise, determination of intellectual property (IP) cleanliness becomes critical. The value of an enterprise that develops and sells software may depend on how clean the software is from the IP perspective. This article examines various methods of ensuring software IP cleanliness and discusses some of the benefits and shortcomings of current solutions. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/103 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 Protecode Richard Mayer deals with software intellectual property issues as Vice President of Marketing for Protecode. He offers a breadth of experience and understanding of customer and technology challenges in the telecommunications and IT sectors. Prior to joining Protecode, Richard held senior marketing, product management and sales roles including an international posting in Nortel and JDSU. Richard has a degree in Computer Systems Engineering from Carleton University. %2 Protecode Mahshad Koohgoli is the CEO of Protecode Inc., a software IP management company. Mahshad has been in the industry for a long time, has a BSc and a PhD from the University of Sussex in England. He holds various patents. He was the founder and CEO of Nimcat Networks, and founder of Spacebridge Networks and Lantern Communications Canada. He held senior roles in Newbridge, Bell Northern Research and Nortel. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Ensuring the Quality of Open Source Software %A David Maxwell %X Open Source Software (OSS) has been embraced by individuals for decades, but only recently have organizations around the globe looked upon open source as an attractive and practical alternative to proprietary software. In addition to its appealing price tag, usually free, OSS can be inspected, modified, and freely redistributed according to the terms of its license. In spite of this, open source developers still find their code quality and security challenged by a question that has followed them from the beginning: "If it's free, how good can it be?" %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/58 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 Coverity David Maxwell is Coverity's Open Source Strategist, and is tasked with the continuation and expansion of Coverity's DHS-sponsored open source scans. An open source security specialist, Maxwell has over 20 years of experience as an open source user and developer, and he is particularly active in the NetBSD community. He currently sits on the advisory board for the BSD Certification Group and the program committee for the annual BSDCan conference. He was also a NetBSD Security Officer from 2001-2005 and a contributor to the best-selling O'Reilly title "BSD Hacks." Maxwell has previously worked as a lead kernel developer for Nokia, and architected the Internet Service offering for Fundy Cable in New Brunswick. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Enterprise Open Source Support %A Stormy Peters %X Open Source Software (OSS) has permeated the enterprise. Some organizations still prohibit the use of OSS altogether, but they are unquestionably in the minority. For most companies, it's not a question of "should we use OSS"? but rather, "how and where can we best take advantage of open source solutions"? As companies have shifted from prohibiting OSS use to embracing it, they must now deal with technical support issues. This article examines the various option available to support companies that use OSS. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/54 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 GNOME Foundation Stormy Peters is Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation, a 501(c)3 non-profit which works to further the goals of the GNOME Project. She has established relationships with the open source community and industry sponsors. Stormy has been involved with the GNOME Foundation, having been one of the founding members of the GNOME Foundation Advisory Board in 2000. Her previous positions include that of Open Source Program Manager at Hewlett-Packard and Director of Community and partner programs at OpenLogic. Stormy graduated from Rice University with a B.A. in Computer Science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Evolution of an Open Source Strategy %A Kelly Rankin %A Ronald Baecker %X On June 8th, 2005, we officially launched the ePresence (http://epresence.tv/) Interactive Media Open Source Consortium, at the Knowledge Media Design Institute (KMDI), University of Toronto (UofT). We had been researching and developing ePresence, our webcasting, webconferencing, and archiving software project for about five years. Throughout the early phase of the project we used the system to produce live webcasts of KMDI's annual lecture series. Eventually word spread about our webcasting system and other universities, such as Memorial University in Newfoundland, became interested. It was obvious that the time to share our project with the world had come, but what wasn't obvious to us at the time was how we were going to do that. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/68 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 University of Toronto Kelly Rankin is the Manager for the ePresence Open Source Consortium. She has given numerous ePresence demonstrations and has produced a number of webcast learning events, including, "The Business of Software" and the Project Open Source | Open Access keynote address. In addition to her activities as Consortium Manager, she is completing her Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy at the University of Toronto. %2 University of Toronto Ronald Baecker is Professor of Computer Science, Bell University Laboratories Chair in Human-Computer Interaction, and founder and Chief Scientist of the Knowledge Media Design Institute at the University of Toronto. He is Principal Investigator of the Canada-wide NSERC Network for Effective Collaboration Technologies through Advanced Research (NECTAR) and Project Director, ePresence Interactive Media. Baecker is an active researcher, lecturer, and consultant on human-computer interaction and user interface design, and software entrepreneurship. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Five Stage Approach to Licensing %A Thomas Prowse %X This article will set out a practical five stage approach to Open Source Software (OSS) legal issues for organizations that are working, or thinking of working, in this area. While OSS affords a plethora of legal challenges and ongoing developments that merit treatment, I will focus on a general framework for managing OSS legal issues. Since I will provide general legal information and not legal advice, I strongly encourage your organization to work with legal counsel with competency in the OSS area to address its specific circumstances. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/64 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 Gowlings Thomas Prowse, a partner with Gowlings' Kanata Technology Law Office, practices in the area of technology law. His private practice, government policy, and in-house counsel experience ground his deep understanding of the business and technological complexities faced by companies today. As Nortel Senior Counsel from 1994 to 2007, Thomas provided general legal support to global product development organizations and worked extensively on Open Source Software matters. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Free as in Adjective, Not as in Verb %A Amos Hayes %X Open source provides an avenue for distributing academic research well beyond the covers of journals or the lunchtime chatter of sharp-minded thinkers to a much broader audience. Interestingly, the choice of open source license is often a choice of community. By understanding the goals and underlying philosophy of a research project, one is better equipped to find a suitable license and attract a community with similar interests. This article provides an examination of a particular academic research project's licensing goals and presents some of the lessons learned during the license selection process. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/69 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Amos Hayes is a technical specialist turned researcher and manager at the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre (http://gcrc.carleton.ca) at Carleton University. A good part of his work is to help turn the ideas of researchers from a whole host of different academic disciplines into a set of technical capabilities for an open source community atlas framework. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Improving Application Development by Managing Licensing Issues %A Doug Levin %X Over the past ten years, the Internet and open source software (OSS) have enabled developers to fundamentally change the way they produce software. Increasingly, distributed teams are collaborating to assemble software from reusable components and their own proprietary code rather than building applications entirely from scratch. The component-based development model is fundamentally changing the software industry. It enables organizations that develop software, either for commercial sale or for in-house use, to accelerate project timelines, improve software quality, and reduce development costs. If not managed properly, the complexity inherent in this new world of mixed-IP (Intellectual Property) can pose business and technical risks to an organization. This paper draws on the experiences of the Black Duck Software team, our customers, and other industry experts to propose new approaches to managing IP in this new world. It describes a set of best practices that companies can use to avoid the risks and gain the benefits of the component-based approach to software development. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/102 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 Black Duck Software Doug Levin is president and CEO of Black Duck Software. Prior to founding Black Duck in 2002, Levin served as CEO of MessageMachines (acquired by NMS Communications in 2002) and X-Collaboration Software Corporation (acquired by Progress Software in 2000). From 1995 to 1999, he worked as an interim executive or consultant to a range of software companies, including CMGI Direct, IBM/Lotus Development Corporation, Oracle Software Corporation, Solbright Software, Mosaic Telecommunications, Bright Tiger Technologies and Best!Software. From 1987 to 1995, Levin held various senior management positions with Microsoft Corporation, including heading up worldwide licensing for corporate purchases of non-OEM Microsoft software products. He is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and holds a certificate in international economics from the College d'Europe in Bruges, Belgium. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T An Introduction to Rights Expression Languages %A G.R. Gangadharan %A Michael Weiss %X The objective of this article is to: i) extend the discussion of licensing to non-software assets and ii) provide an introduction to rights expression languages (RELs). Licensing is not limited to software. We can associate a license with any kind of asset that holds intellectual value, and can thus be turned into a source of revenue. Here, our interest is on information assets, which include software and software components, but also services, processes, and content. For instance, a song that a user downloads from iTunes is an information asset. So is a web service such as the Google Maps API (application programming interface). %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/105 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 Novay G.R. Gangadharan is a doctorate student in University of Trento, Trento, Italy. His research interests include Free/Open Source Software Systems, Service Oriented Computing, Internet Software Engineering and Web 2.0, and Business Models of Software and Services. %2 Carleton University Michael Weiss holds a faculty appointment in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of the Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include open source ecosystems, service-oriented architectures and Web 2.0, business process modeling, social network analysis, and product architecture and design. Michael has published on the evolution of open source communities and licensing of open services. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Key Changes to the GNU General Public License %A Eric Smith %X On June 29, 2007, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) issued the GNU General Public License Version 3. The issuance of GPLv3 marked the end of a remarkable public consultation process aimed at revamping the license to address issues that the FSF considers to be a threat to the Free Software movement, and to clarify issues that have been misunderstood or debated since the publications of GPL Version 2 (GPLv2). This article introduces the rationale for changing the GPL and introduces the changes that affect patents, Digital Rights Management (DRM), license compatibility, and the linking issue. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/106 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP Eric Smith is a lawyer in the Ottawa office of Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP where he also serves as Co-Chair of the firm's National Technology Transactions Practice Group. He is a frequent speaker and author regarding legal matters pertaining to technology-based companies. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Keystone Organization for Ontario's Open Source Ecosystem %A Rowland Few %X Many companies, individuals and organizations in Ontario produce and use open source assets and processes to provide unique value to their customers, clients, and themselves. To better enable these companies, individuals and organizations to (i) co-evolve capabilities and roles, (ii) align themselves with companies holding leadership roles, and (iii) invest in shared visions, the Talent First Network (TFN) has become the keystone organization of Ontario's open source ecosystem. This article introduces the TFN and identifies the steps it is taking to better support the Ontario Open Source Ecosystem. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/85 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 Talent First Network Rowland Few is a member of the Talent First Network where he is responsible for the Company Affiliates program and aims to assemble an ecosystem comprised of 50 companies across Ontario with business models that benefit from Open Source to generate cash and reduce development costs. Rowland has 18 years Telecom experience across North America, Europe and China with 10 years management (covering Engineering, Program Management and Business Development) at Ottawa based start-ups. He graduated from the Queens' Executive MBA program in May 2004. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Lead Projects %A Peter Hoddinott %A Richard Alam %X Corporate Directory Platform and the Ottawa Tech Community described. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/98 %N July 2007 %9 Lead Projects %1 Talent First Network Peter Hoddinott has over 25 years of experience in the Information and Communications industry. Peter has a B.Sc. and a M.Sc. in Computer Science, and recently completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton. He is currently employed by Carleton where he works full time on advancing the objectives of the Talent First Network. %2 Richard Alam completed his Master's degree at Carleton writing a thesis on how companies make money from the open source projects they initiate. He started the Blindside Project which develops a multimedia communication system using software from different open source projects. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Ontario Research Commercialization Program %A Brad DeFoe %A Dmitri Prokopiev %X Brad DeFoe and Dmitri Prokopiev describe the Ontario Research Commercialization Program. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/96 %N July 2007 %9 Articles %1 MRI Brad DeFoe is the Manager of the Commercialization Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation. %2 MRI Dmitri Prokopiev is a Senior Policy Advisor of the Commercialization Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Educational Resources %A Monica Mora %X This article first introduces open content and open educational resources (OER), then compares OER and open source software (OSS), and finally discusses issues of OER project sustainability. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/77 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 CIDETYS Monica Mora received a Master's degree in Technology and Innovation Management from Carleton University. She has worked for the Technological University of Panama in different positions, including assistant professor and assistant of the President of this university. She is currently part of the technical committee of CIDETYS which was created to advise the Board of Directors and plan the first activities of the programme. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Hardware %A Patrick McNamara %X I have been involved in a number of debates on what exactly constitutes open hardware. While the definition is a bit harder to pin down than that of open source software, I believe hardware can be loosely placed into four categories of openness. They are, in order of least to most open: Closed, Open Interface, Open Design, and Open Implementation. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/76 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 Open Hardware Foundation Patrick McNamara, President of the OHF, is a Senior IT System Architect for Texas Instruments specializing in configuration management tools and systems. Prior to joining TI, Patrick held positions as senior CM Admin at Nortel and Sabre, as well as software development positions at Sabre and Raytheon Systems. Patrick graduated with a BS in Computer Systems Engineering from the University of Arkansas in 1997. Patrick has a formal background in system level software and hardware development and has had a strong interest in programming and digital logic design as hobbies since childhood. As a member of the Open Graphics Project, Patrick has provided input on the legacy VGA controller design as well as significant contributions to the video controller block. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Source as Community %A Nelson Ko %X What does it really mean to participate in an open source software community? If a company's open source strategy is limited to acting as end user of open source software, is there a business need to understand the nature of open source communities? Should it be the goal of all businesses to become an active participant in open source communities, or become recognized as a significant contributor? Business users of open source software can broadly be divided into those who use open source software as end-users, and those who incorporate underlying open source technology into their products and services. This article will first address both these groups with the important facets of understanding and evaluating community in the selection of open source software, and then elaborate on the role of active participation in open source communities to enhance the value that can be obtained from the use of open source. It is based upon lessons I've learned from becoming progressively involved in a particular open source software community, Tikiwiki, and comparisons with other open source communities which I've made to identify commonalities and differences. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/78 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 Citadel Rock Nelson Ko is the founder and CEO of Citadel Rock Online Communities Inc. (http://citadelrock.com), providing solutions for online collaboration using wikis, social networking and multimedia messaging. He is an active contributor to the Tikiwiki open source project. Nelson has held positions in Hewlett-Packard and Singapore Telecom, and architected solutions brought to market across the world for companies such as Trans World International Interactive and Telstra. He holds an M.A. Economics degree from the University of Toronto, and is currently working on a dissertation "Building intellectual and social capital in online knowledge communities" in the M.A.Sc. Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Source Assets %A Tony Bailetti %A Peter Hoddinott %X The Open Source Definition or OSD defines the criteria to which the distribution terms of software must comply for it to be deemed to be open source software. The term open source, however, is used to label a broad assortment of phenomena that fall well outside the established OSD. In addition, there is ambiguity in what is meant to be covered by the terms source and open. We envisage a definition of open source that equally applies to software, hardware schematics, content, and processes, not just software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/75 %N September 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of the Talent First Network. Until September 2007, he was the Director of the Technology Innovation Management program. He has taught for the Executive M.B.A. program offered by Queen's University in Ottawa since 1996. %2 Talent First Network Peter Hoddinott has over 25 years of experience in the Information and Communications industry. Peter has a B.Sc. and a M.Sc. in Computer Science, and recently completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton. He is currently employed by Carleton where he works full time on advancing the objectives of the Talent First Network. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Source Licensing in the Enterprise %A Stormy Peters %X Studies show that most open source projects are licensed under the General Public License (GPL) and it is estimated that over 75% of open source projects are licensed under either the GPL or the LGPL (Lesser GPL). Yet, it has been my company's experience that the open source software used by our enterprise customers is primarily Apache licensed software. This article examines several factors which may shed some light on this disparity, including the issues raised by enterprise customers and the software product selection process used by OpenLogic (http://www.openlogic.com). %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/65 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 GNOME Foundation Stormy Peters is Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation, a 501(c)3 non-profit which works to further the goals of the GNOME Project. She has established relationships with the open source community and industry sponsors. Stormy has been involved with the GNOME Foundation, having been one of the founding members of the GNOME Foundation Advisory Board in 2000. Her previous positions include that of Open Source Program Manager at Hewlett-Packard and Director of Community and partner programs at OpenLogic. Stormy graduated from Rice University with a B.A. in Computer Science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Source on Trial %A Kamal Hassin %X The way we develop software is continuously evolving: the everyday processes and practices used to produce software are becoming more efficient, and it is common for a team of developers to change several times over the life of a software project and for the components used to come from a variety of sources. However, the benefits of these changes cannot be fully appreciated unless correct policies and strategies are used to capture value from innovation. This is where the worlds of technology and Intellectual Property (IP) law collide and where license compliance is fundamental in protecting a company's IP and avoiding legal conflicts. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/66 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Kamal Hassin received a B.Eng. in electrical engineering from Carleton University in 2004. He is currently a Master's student in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. His research interests include software intellectual property management, intellectual property law, open source licensing, and open educational resources. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Open Source Telecommunication Companies %A Peter Liu %X Little is known about companies whose core business is selling telecommunications products that lever open source projects. Open source telecommunications (OST) companies operate in markets that are very different from typical software product markets. The telecommunications market is regulated, vertically integrated, and proprietary designs and special chips are widely used. For a telecommunications product to be useful, it must interact with both access network products and core network products. Due to specifications in Service Agreements Levels, penalties for failures of telecommunications products are very high. This article shares information that is not widely known, including a list of OST companies and the open source projects on which they depend, the size and diversity of venture capital investment in OST companies, the nature of the commercial product-open source software and company-project relationships, ways in which OST companies make money, benefits and risks of OST companies, and competition between OST companies. Analysis of this information provides insights into the ways in which companies can build business models around open source software. These findings will be of interest to entrepreneurs, top management teams of incumbent companies that sell telecommunications products, and those who care about Ontario's ability to compete globally. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/82 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 DragonWave Haijun (Peter) Liu is a software manager with DragonWave Inc., an innovative Ottawa company that designs, develops, markets and sells carrier-grade microwave equipment offering high capacity broadband wireless systems for network operators and service providers. Peter joined DragonWave the first year of its incorporation, and has experienced first hand how a startup secures venture capital investment, diversifies its product portfolio, carries out trials with industry giants, and lives through tough times. Peter received his Master degree in Computer Science, from the Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Science, a very prestigious graduate school which designed the very first Chinese computer. His research topic was Machine Translation, a branch of Artificial Intelligence. Prior to Peter's research, machine translation systems depended solely on syntax information. He designed and built a translation system which used semantic and context information to improve translation accuracy. Peter has published in Chinese computer journals. Peter is about to complete his master's degree in Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management program. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Protecting Information Technology Property Rights %A Russell McOrmond %X New copyright legislation is on its way from the Canadian government, and may have been tabled by the time you are reading this. While we won't know exactly what is in the bill until it is tabled in the House of Commons for first reading, the Government has made many statements indicating that it intends to ratify the highly controversial 1996 WIPO treaties. I believe it is important for open source developers and users to be aware of how some of the proposed changes may affect open source in Canada. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/107 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 Digital Copyright Canada Russell McOrmond is a self-employed Internet and F/LOSS consultant, joining the Free Software movement back in 1992. He is the policy coordinator for CLUE: Canada's association for Open Source, private-sector co-coordinator for GOSLING (Getting Open Source Logic INto Governments), and the host for the Digital Copyright Canada forum. Full contact information and links to these groups are at http://flora.ca. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Putting Maps on the Web with Open Source Technologies %A Dave McIlhagga %X In this time of excitement over the emergence of mapping technologies like Google Earth, Personal Navigation Devices, GPS technologies for tracking vehicles, and so much more, a little known phenomenon has also been taking place: the explosive growth of open source mapping technologies. Leading the way in this area is DM Solutions Group (DMSG) - a small company based in Ottawa, Canada who is working closely with customers and partners from around the world to incorporate mapping into their web environments. Web Mapping is a highly specialized niche market that can be applied to almost every conceivable industry. It is this peculiar combination that is at the heart of why the open source software development approach has been so successful in this area. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 08/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/83 %N August 2007 %9 Articles %1 DM Solutions Dave McIlhagga is the president and founder of DM Solutions Group Inc., a leader in web mapping solutions delivery since 1998. Dave has positioned DM Solutions Group as the leading provider of commercial products and services to the open source web mapping community, and premiere web mapping solutions provider to select vertical markets such as Healthcare and Real Estate. As the president of DM Solutions Group, one of Dave's key roles is fostering alliances and key partnerships both in North America and internationally. Dave is a Board member of the newly formed Open Source GeoSpatial Foundation and an active contributor to the open source geospatial movement. Prior to founding DM Solutions Group, Dave was a leading developer of one of the industry's first web mapping technologies at TYDAC Research. Dave graduated from Carleton University with an Honours Bachelor's degree in Geography, concentrating in Geographic Information Processing. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Q&A. How one can develop a business model around open source? %A Peter Hoddinott %X How can one develop a business model around open source if the resource is freely available? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/89 %N July 2007 %9 Q and A %1 Talent First Network Peter Hoddinott has over 25 years of experience in the Information and Communications industry. Peter has a B.Sc. and a M.Sc. in Computer Science, and recently completed the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton. He is currently employed by Carleton where he works full time on advancing the objectives of the Talent First Network. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Q&A. What effect do supply and a demand have on open source commercialization? %A Ian Graham %X I've read that commercialization has both a supply and a demand side. What effect do these two sides have on open source commercialization, specifically in Canada? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/70 %N October 2007 %9 Q and A %1 Ian Graham is a certified management consultant working with early stage businesses in the Ottawa area. He has a passion for entrepreneurship and volunteers with Junior Achievement at the local high school and is a key contributor to the Ottawa DemoCamp series of events. Ian is a member of the Ottawa eBusiness Cluster executive and also chair of the Certified Management Consultants technology committee. He has a technical diploma from Algonquin College and his MBA from the University of Ottawa. Ian trains entrepreneurs with Bizlaunch from Toronto and will be teaching a course in product introduction at Professional Programs at the Sprott School of Business in the fall and winter of 2007/2008. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Q&A. What is the state of open source in public administration? %A Christian Meloche %A Luc Lalande %X What is the state of open source in public administration? %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 09/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/79 %N September 2007 %9 Q and A %1 Infoglobe Christian Meloche has over 20 years of experience in Information Technology. He is Vice President of Operations for Infoglobe. He has been International Operations Director, Manager of Information Systems, Project Leader, Network Administrator, Analyst and Programmer. He has worked for Foreign Affairs Canada, Netscape Communications Corporations, AOL and Time Warner. %2 Talent First Network Luc Lalande is the current Director of the Innovation Transfer Office at Carleton University. Since joining Carleton University in 1996, Luc has initiated and helped implement a number of programs and events aimed at stimulating technological entrepreneurship including the Social Innovation Challenge, Foundry Global and the OttawaTechWiki project. Luc hopes the end result of past, present and future projects will be the encouragement of Ottawa's next generation of technology company builders. In recognition of his efforts, Luc was honoured to receive the Des Cunningham Award in April 2002 from OCRI. The award is presented to an individual who had made a significant contribution to forging business-education partnerships or facilitating government-industry interaction. Luc often cites the Ottawa high-technology community's tremendous goodwill and willingness to share knowledge as the principal reasons for the success of the initiatives he has helped launched at Carleton. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T QNX Hybrid Software Model %A Lawrence Rosen %X QNX Software Systems' new software model integrates open source and proprietary software products in new ways. It is a step forward in the embedded systems market toward openness and freedom of software development, and it gives QNX customers significantly greater flexibility to extend and adapt QNX technology for their own purposes. The new QNX model is an effort to address fundamental problems in the way proprietary embedded software is traditionally developed and distributed. Today, the rate of change to software and hardware is so rapid, and software so complex, that vendors and customers alike struggle to keep up. Often, software vendors are their own worst bottleneck, as they work to fix or extend their existing products while also attempting to satisfy new, and often divergent, customer needs. Meanwhile, the sophisticated users and customers in the embedded market often know exactly what features and functions they want; many would make the modifications themselves if allowed to do so. And many of them would welcome opportunities to cooperate and share the results of their collective development efforts, just as they would in an open source project. A pure open source approach doesn't work in all cases, and it doesn't work for QNX which does not believe that relinquishing all control over their intellectual property and giving it away for free would best serve the interests of their customers. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 10/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/63 %N October 2007 %9 Articles %1 Rosenlaw and Einschlag Lawrence Rosen is a founding partner of Rosenlaw and Einschlag, a technology law firm that specializes in intellectual property protection, licensing, and business transactions for technology companies. Larry served as general counsel and secretary of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and currently advises commercial open source companies and non-profit open source projects, including the Apache Software Foundation. His book, Open Source Licensing: Software Freedom and Intellectual Property Law, was published by Prentice Hall in 2004. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T A Rallying Moment for Canadian Open Source Software %A Andy Kaplan-Myrth %X In the Canadian copyright reform arena, the events of early December, 2007 changed everything. In late November, it was widely anticipated that new copyright legislation would be introduced in the model of the controversial American Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The bill was rumored to include harsh anti-circumvention laws, which grant software distributors the right to seek legal remedies for circumvention of technological locks on content. In response, veteran Canadian copyright advocates issued an appeal to Canadians to take an interest in the bill and to call for fair and balanced copyright. Canadian citizens answered that call in unexpected numbers, both online and offline. A Facebook group, called Fair Copyright for Canadians, grew to over 25,000 members within two weeks, and provided grassroots advocacy tools to citizens. A new website, called CopyrightforCanadians.ca, established itself as a centre for news on the bill and consumer advocacy. Using these tools, Canadians wrote letters, met with politicians, and demanded balance. With their words and their actions, not only did Canadians delay the introduction of the bill until next year, but they put copyright in the spotlight and showed legislators that fair and balanced copyright can capture the public imagination. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 12/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/104 %N December 2007 %9 Articles %1 University of Ottawa Andy Kaplan-Myrth is the Manager of the Law and Technology group at the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa and an Associate of the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic. As a joint Project Lead with Creative Commons Canada, Andy speaks on open source, free culture and the sharing economy and promotes the use of OSS whenever the opportunity presents itself. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Software Licensing %A G.R. Gangadharan %X G.R. Gangadharan discusses the many dimensions of software. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/97 %N July 2007 %9 Articles %1 Novay G.R. Gangadharan is a doctorate student in University of Trento, Trento, Italy. His research interests include Service Oriented Computing, Intellectual Property Rights, Free/Open Source Software Systems, Software Engineering, and Business Models of Software and Services. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Special Considerations for Financial Services Firms %A Sourcelabs %X Infrastructure Open Source Software (OSS), including middleware, database packages, and the Linux operating system, is increasingly being deployed by financial institutions. Many OSS packages are selected and incorporated directly into custom applications by developers, thus bypassing traditional purchasing channels and their attendant legal, standards, and technical review processes. Because of this, Information Technology (IT) management is often unaware of the OSS running in their data centers, and sometimes support and maintenance measures are not in place for OSS running in production applications. With the advent of regulatory structures such as the Basel II accords, the reliability of computing systems is increasingly subject to regulatory scrutiny. Not having adequate support and maintenance measures in place creates a significant compliance risk for financial institutions. This article describes these risks and outlines best practices for an anti-failure program that brings systems depending on OSS packages into compliance while reducing overall operational risk. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/55 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T Supporting Not-for-Profits: an Opportunity for the Commons %A Jason Côté %A Julian Egelstaff %X In 2004, the Nonprofit Open Source Initiative (NOSI) released "Choosing and Using Free and Open Source Software: A Primer for Nonprofits". The primer describes the potential impact that Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) might have on the not-for-profit (NFP) sector. In a recently released update, the primer concludes that, despite many advances in the use of F/LOSS in the sector over the past several years, a real and perceived lack of support remains a significant barrier to the increased adoption of F/LOSS by NFPs. Support is often the last thing people think of when they think of F/LOSS and NFPs. Instead, people tend to focus on the price, which is of particular importance to cash-strapped NFPs. There is a widely held belief that free software represents a cost savings to NFPs. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 11/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/56 %N November 2007 %9 Articles %1 Freeform Solutions Jason Cote is the President and CEO of Freeform Solutions. He has held senior positions at CANARIE, as well as chief executive positions at Actua, and CanadaHelps, all three of them leading national not-for-profits that excel in the use of information technology. Today, Jason oversees all operations at Freeform, and works with clients and staff to build the IT capacity of the not-for-profit sector. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Computer Systems Engineering and an Executive MBA in Leadership. %2 Freeform Solutions Julian Egelstaff is the Senior Director of Consulting Services. Prior to co-founding Freeform Solutions, Julian held a variety of positions in project management, documentation, and internal tool development at Corel and later Cognos. Today, Julian oversees all consulting projects, manages client relationships and coordinates Freeform's open source development efforts. Julian has 8 years experience in PHP development, and is a ZCE. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Journalism and Philosophy, and has completed some graduate studies in Cognitive Science. %0 Journal Article %J Open Source Business Resource %D 2007 %T TFN: Open Source and Innovation %A Tony Bailetti %X Tonay Bailetti explains the goals and progress of the Talent First Network Program. %B Open Source Business Resource %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %8 07/2007 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/95 %N July 2007 %9 Articles %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti holds a tenured faculty appointment in both the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering and the Eric Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, located in Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti has been the Director of the Technology Innovation Management Program from 1998 to 2005 and from 2006 to date. He is also the Director of the Talent First Network and the Research Centre for Technology Innovation. He was the Director of Carleton University's School of Business from 1981 to 1988 and worked at Bell-Northern Research (today a part of Nortel) from 1988 to 1992. Professor Bailetti has published in engineering management journals such as IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Research Policy, and R&D Management. He has taught for the Executive M.B.A. program offered by Queen's University in Ottawa since 1996. In 1996 he won a Carleton University Teaching Award and in 2007 a Leadership Breakthrough Award.